硕士研究生入学考试大纲-620基础英语

南京航空航天大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:620满分:150 分科目名称:基础英语注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary (20 points)A.Choose the word or phrase marked A, B, C, and D to best correspond to the word above. Be sure to writedown your choice on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. obliviousa) subtle b) obviousc) unaware d) unknown2. divergencea) connection b) differencec) depletion d) isolation3. incongruousa) inappropriate b) unusualc) suitable d) consistent4. resourcefula) thoughtful b) wittyc) excited d) delighted5. reproacha) movement nearer to a person or thingb) an act of thinking about something carefullyc) a feeling of great sadnessd) an act of blaming somebody6. consolidatea) strengthen b) take care ofc) encourage d) support7. masculinitya) heroism b) a process of an actionc) manliness d) frustration8. pejorativea) full of praise b) existing widelyc) humorous d) expressing disapproval9. coveta) want b) protectc) hide d) consider10. shrug offa) destroy b) laugh atc) dismiss d) removeB. Directions: Explain the italicized words in the following sentences with simple, everyday words or expressions in English. Be sure to write down your explanation on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. Peter was conspicuous for his queer jeans.2. The King’s English should not be laid down as an edict, and made immune to change from below.3. Alice is so fastidious about her food that I never invite her for dinner.4. With a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city.5. Rebellion was not confined to the United States, but affected the entire Western world as a result of theaftermath of the first serious war in a century.6. She laughed at my clumsy compliment and said I had better take to writing fashion articles instead ofpolitical leaders.7. This ideal “parcel” service is also a plus for the shipowners not to be dependent on only one customer.8. The storm of abuse in the popular press that greeted the appearance of the new dictionary is a curiousphenomenon.9. “I got a curious nature, ma’am. How’d you figure where your husband was?”10. On the day of the bombing I ran all over the city looking for missing friends and relatives, and I thoughtsomehow I had been spared.II. Cloze (20 points)A.Fill in each of the following blanks with a suitable word in its proper form and write down the requiredword on the answer sheet. (10 points)Earlier today, my colleague Derek Thompson argued that; it’s misleading to think of marriage 1 a “luxury good”. Why? Because luxury goods are something the 2 buy and the poor can’t afford. But in the case of 3 the trend is more complex. The vast majority of Americans tie the knot at some point in their lives, he argues. It’s just that those 4 a college education are far, far more likely to get divorced. Marriage is for everyone; failed marriages are 5 the poor.Bleak stuff. But it’s getting bleaker.Derek’s post is based 6 a long-term study of young Baby Boomers, who were at least 46 7 old by 2010. But among younger Americans, marriage really is looking more and more 8 something you’d have to buy at Tiffany's. According to 2012 Census Bureau report, 9 shows the percentage of men who have never married by age and income, the less a guy earns nowadays, the 10 likely they are to have ever gotten married.Well, that’s not l00 percent true. Among twenty-somethings there seems to be a rich bachelor 11 going on (or an overworked young professional effect, if you prefer). Those making $75,000 or more are somewhat less likely to have been married than 12 making between $40,000 and $75,000.This particular set of Census data unfortunately tells us much less about 13 and marriage. The problem: Stay-at-home moms.The key to remember, though, is that many educated, high-earning women, the sorts who are likely to meet and 14 educated and high-earning men, leave the workforce or go part time once they have children. So apublicist who once made over $70,000 a year might 15 earn $20,000 if she decided 16 work fewer hours while 17 for her children at home.Here’s why this trend--not just the move towards divorce like Derek talked about, 18 the move from marriage entirely -- is so gloomy. Getting married, and staying married, is 19 of the surest ways of securing a middle class life. By choosing 20 to wed in the first place, the poor are abandoning that chance at stability.B. Fill in each blank with a proper word from the following box. Change its form if necessary and write down the required word on the answer sheet. (10 points)lean to sound spread by down cry lap presence one before pagoda attack into assassinate sorrowput gloom turn forgivenessNEW DELHI, JANUARY 30, 1948 -- Mohandas K. Gandhi was 1 today by a Hindu extremist whose act plunged India into 2 and fear.Rioting broke out immediately in Bombay.The seventy-eight-year-old leader whose people had christened him the Great Soul of India died at 3:45 P.M. (1:15 A M. EST) with his head cradled in the 3 of his sixteen-year-old granddaughter, Mani.Just half an hour before, a Hindu fanatic, Ram Naturam, had pumped three bullets from a revolver 4 Gandhi’s frail body, emaciated by years of fasting and asceticism.Gandhi was shot in the luxurious gardens of Birla House in the 5 of one thousand of his followers, whom he was leading to the little summer pagoda where it was his habit 6 make his evening devotions.Dressed as always in his homespun, sacklike dhoti, and 7 heavily on a staff of stout wood, Gandhi was only a feet from the 8 when the shots were fired.Gandhi crumpled instantly, 9 his hand to his forehead in the Hindu gesture of10 to his assassin.Three bullets penetrated his body at close range, one in the upper right thigh, one in the abdomen, and 11 in the chest.The shots 12 like a string of firecrackers and it was a moment 13 Gandhi’s devotees realized what had happened. Then they 14 on the assassin savagely and would have torn him to bits had not police guards intervened with rifles and drawn bayonets.Over all India the word 15 like wildfire. Minutes after the flash was received in Bombay rioting broke out, with Hindu extremists 16 Moslems. A panic-stricken Moslem woman echoed the thoughts of thousands with a 17 : “God help us all!”In Delhi itself, in the quick-gathering 18 of the night, the news set the people on the march.They walked slowly 19 the avenues and out of the squalid bazaars, converging on Birla House. There 20 the thousands they stood weeping silently or moaning a wailing.III. Error correction (20 points)Directions: There are twenty mistakes in the following passage. You are required to underline or mark the mistakes and get them corrected. Be sure to write down the correct form on the answer sheet.Exa mple: “Wordsworth is said to have ∨most fascinating voice!” theLike the life span, the metabolic rate has, for differentorganisms, a fixed mathematical relationship to the body mass.In comparison to the life span, this relationship is “inverted”: thelarger the organism, the low its metabolic rate. Such relationship 1. __________is valid not only for birds, but also for other organisms.Animals which behave “frugal” with energy become 2. __________particularly old, for example, crocodiles and tortoises. Parrots andbirds of prey are often held chain up. Thus they are not able to 3. __________“experience life” and so they can attain a high life span incaptivities. Animals which save energy by hibernation live much 4. __________longer than those which are always active. The metabolic rate ofa mice can be reduced by a very low consumption of food. They 5. __________then may live twice as long as their well-fed comrades. Womenbecome distinctively older than men. If you examine the metabolic 6. __________rates of the two sexes, you establish that the higher male metabolicrate roughly accounts for the short male life span. That means that 7. __________they live life “energetically” --- more intensely, but not for as long.It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reservesshould tend to extend life. Extremely high performance sports 8. _________may lead to optimal cardiovascular performance, but they quitecertainly do not prolong life. Relaxation lowers metabolic rate,like does adequate sleep. Each of us can develop his or her own 9. __________“energy saving programme” with a little self-observation andself-control. Experience will show that live in this way not only 10. __________ increases the life span but also is very healthy.IV. Paraphrase (30 points)Directions: Restate the following sentences in another form in English to clarify the meaning. Be sure to write down your restatement on the answer sheet.1. As you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the mutedcloth market.2. I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had nothing to do with anything aNippon railways official might say.3. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef.4. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by.5. Carla fled away from her parents because she wanted to lead an authentic kind of life.6. New York was never a good convention city but it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction.7. Wearing that Dior dress, she made everyone else in a room or street look cheap.8. Let us remember that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.9. Perhaps the child was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition, andneglect.10. Thanks to a lifetime of sitting in this position his left leg is warped out of shape.V. General Knowledge (20 points)A. Directions: Choose the best to fill in the blank or answer the question.(10 points)1. What kind of figure of speech is used in lines “Till all the seas gone dry, my dear,/ And the rocks melt with the sun,/ And I will love thee still, my dear.”A. oxymoronB. metonymyC. understatementD. hyperbole2. ____ is defined as “an author’s careful arrangement of incidents in a narrative to achieve a desired effect.”A. settingB. toneC. plotD. exposition3. As a literary approach, ____ can be defined as a discourse that concerns itself particularly with literature written in English in formerly colonized countries.A. Marxist criticismB. Feminist criticismC. Postcolonial CriticismD. Psychoanalysis criticism4. Which one of the following plays is not regarded as the most important tragedies of William Shakespeare?A. Romeo and JulietB. OthelloC. King LearD. Macbeth5. The publication of ___ symbolized the real beginning of British Romanticism.A. Lyrical BalladsB. Leaves of GrassC. Pride and PrejudiceD. Walden6. ___ won the 2017 Nobel Prize for Literature.A. Alice MunroB. Doris LessingC. Margaret AtwoodD. Kazuo Ishiguro7. All theories about the origin of language are hypothetical in nature. Which of the following is not a theory / hypothesis about the origin of language?A. Innateness hypothesis.B. The evolutionary theory.C. The divine-origin theory.D. The invention theory.8. Which of the following falls under the category of semantics?A．PS Rules B. IC AnalysisC. Componential AnalysisD. Error Analysis9. ___ is designed to discover mainly what the testee does not know about the language. A test of such kindcan help the teacher to find out what is wrong with the previous learning and what should be included in the future teaching work.A. Achievement testB. Proficiency testC. Diagnostic testD. Aptitude test10. Which of the following descriptions about the London School is INCORRECT?A. One of the chief representatives of London School is M.A.K. Halliday.B. It stresses the importance of context of situation aspect of language.C. It stresses the importance of the system aspect of language.D. It is best known for its contribution to phonology.B. Directions: Candidates are FREE to choose any FIVE from the following TEN terms and explain them in plain English on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. Endocentric construction2. Syntax3. Assimilation4. Functional sentence perspective5. Cohesion6. Stream of Consciousness7. Gothic fiction8. Critical Realism9. Protagonist10. Harlem RenaissanceVI. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked［A］,［B］,［C］or［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Be sure to write down your choice on the answer sheet.Passage AIn the first age, we created gods. We carved them out of wood; there was still such a thing as wood, then. We forged them from shining metals and painted them on temple walls. They were gods of many kinds, and goddesses as well. Sometimes they were cruel and drank our blood, but also they gave us rain and sunshine, favourable winds, good harvests, fertile animals, many children. A million birds flew over us then, a million fish swam in our seas.Our gods had horns on their heads, or moons, or sealy fins, or the beaks of eagles. We called them All-Knowing, we called them Shining One. We knew we were not orphans. We smelled the earth and rolled in it; its juices ran down our chins.In the second age we created money. This money was also made of shining metals. It had two faces: on one side was a severed head, that of a king or some other noteworthy person, on the other face was something else, something that would give us comfort: a bird, a fish, a fur-bearing animal. This was all that remained of our former gods. The money was small in size, and each of us would carry some of it with him every day, as close to the skin as possible. We could not eat this money, wear it or burn it for warmth; but asif by magic it could be changed into such things. The money was mysterious, and we were in awe of it. If you had enough of it, it was said, you would be able to fly.In the third age, money became a god. It was all-powerful, and out of control. It began to talk. It began to create on its own. It created feasts and famines, songs of joy, lamentations. It created greed and hunger, which were its two faces. Towers of glass rose at its name, were destroyed and rose again. It began to eat things. It ate whole forests, croplands and the lives of children. It ate armies, ships and cities. No one could stop it. To have it was a sign of grace.In the fourth age we created deserts. Our deserts were of several kinds, but they had one thing in common: nothing grew there. Some were made of cement, some were made of various poisons, some of baked earth. We made these deserts from the desire for more money and from despair at the lack of it. Wars, plagues and famines visited us, but we did not stop in our industrious creation of deserts. At last all wells were poisoned, all rivers ran with filth, all seas were dead; there was no land left to grow food.Some of our wise men turned to the contemplation of deserts. A stone in the sand in the setting sun could be very beautiful, they said.You who have come here from some distant world, to this dry lakeshore and this cairn, and to this cylinder of brass, in which on the last day of all our recorded days I place our final words: Pray for us, who once, too, thought we could fly.1. According to the passage, money is “mysterious” because it ___.A. can speak to human beings.B. seems to be omnipotent.C. is a symbol of wealth.D. is a sign of grace.2. In the passage, “age” refers to ____.A. Different phases of civilization.B. The recorded year in human history.C. Different social systems in human history.D. The scale of intelligence of human beings in history.3. Which of the following statement about gods described in the passage is true?A. Gods always bless human beings.B. Gods are more often than not ferocious in the age of metals.C. Gods are created, carved out of wood or metals.D. Gods are symbols of huma n’s greed.4. Which of the following statements about “deserts” is NOT true?A. No life survives in the deserts.B. Deserts are nothing but a process of desertification.C. It is human being’s greed for money that leads to the prevalence of deserts.D. Deserts result in wars, plagues and famines, which causes more deserts.5. From this passage, we know that ____.A. Human beings will go extinct by themselves one day.B. Human beings are living in the fourth age.C. The earth will become more and more inhabitable since there will never be enough money.D. The author is pessimistic of the future of human beings.Passage BSafety is a concern of everyone who flies or contemplates it. I can provide you with volumes of information about the attention to safety given by the airline industry. No other form of transportation is as scrutinized, investigated and monitored as commercial aviation.Yet if you decide to hold onto the belief that flying is dangerous, then these reassuring safety facts are lost to you. Statistics and figures that prove airline transportation to be the safest way to travel relate to our logical, reasoning, rational mind. Most passengers who have knowledge of the commercial airline industry believe that flying is safe. But when someth ing occurs that we don’t understand, any of us can become quickly frightened. That’s why I encourage you to study as much as you need to reassure yourself about the industry and to take some of the mystery out of commercial flight.However, some small thing may occur on one of your flights that you haven’t studied. If you become startled or frightened at that time, the statistics that I am about to present may come in handy. An airline accident is so rare, when some unfamiliar noise or bump occurs, your response need not be, “Oh, no! What’s wrong?!” Instead, it can be something like, “I’m not sure what that sound was, but there’s nothing to worry about.” Feel free to press your overhead call button to page a flight attendant whenever you want to ask abou t unfamiliar sights or sounds. But you needn’t jump to fearful conclusions.Dr. Arnold Barnett, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has done extensive research in the field of commercial flight safety. He found that over the fifteen years between 1975 and 1994, the death risk per flight was one in seven million. This statistic is the probability that someone who randomly selected one of the airline’s flights over the 19-year study period would be killed in route. That means that any time you board a flight on a major carrier in this country, your chance of being in a fatal accident is one in seven million. It doesn’t matter whether you fly once every three years or every day of the year.In fact, based on this incredible safety record, if you did fly every day of your life, probability indicates that it would take you nineteen thousand years before you would succumb to a fatal accident.Perhaps you have occasionally taken the train for your travels, believing that it would be safer. Think again. Based on train accidents over the past twenty years, your chances of dying on a transcontinental train journey are one in a million. Those are great odds, mind you. But flying coast-to-coast is ten times safer than making the trip by train.How about driving, our typical form of transportation? There are approximately one hundred and thirty people killed daily in auto accidents. That’s every day -- yesterday, today and tomorrow. And that’s forty-seven thousand killed per year.6. According to the passage, which of the following statement about transportation safety is correct?A. The safety of the train is the most concerned one among people.B. The safety of commercial aviation is the most concerned one among people.C. The safety of driving is the most concerned one among people.D. The safety of different transportations is equally concerned among people.7. Dr. Arnold Barnett’s finding that “the death risk per flight was one in seven million” means ___.A. whether a person flies every three years or every day of the year, he will be safe.B. It is not likely for a person to be in danger during flight.C. The possibility of encountering deadly accident is extremely slim.D. One will die if he flies for seven million times.8. According to the author, for those who worry about the safety of flying, they should ___.A. study the flight industry and disclose the mysteries of it.B. be familiar with the statistics and figures as much as possible.C. not argue with others about the safety of the plane.D. not forget that trains and cars are no safer than flying.9. According to the passage, the author argues that ___.A. trains are not as safe as driving.B. driving is more dangerous so people tend to travel by train.C. taking the train to travel is more dangerous than flying so people tend to take flight.D. people still feel the threat of death even they know flying is rather safe.10. What is the best title for this passage?A. The Safest TransportationB. Safety MattersC. No Statistics, No SafetyD. Misunderstanding about FlyingPassage CN ew nature writing is a relatively new literary genre, but it’s become so popular that Barack Obama included one of these books, H is for Hawk, by Helen Macdonald, in his summer holiday reading list.What is this new genre? New nature writing combines memoir with the author’s experience with nature. The author has suffered a trauma, and they turn to the natural world for solace. In H is for Hawk, Helen Macdonald tells of the unexpected loss of her father in her late thirties. To distract herself from her grief, she attempts to tame a hawk. It’s not surprising that Obama would cho ose this book — he, too, lost hi Similarly, Amy Liptrot, in her book The Outrun, describes her return to the isle of Orkney, where she took long walks and rebuilt a stone wall as a way of recovering from alcohol addiction and the breakup of a relationship. These are but two of many recent examples.Writing about nature as a way of easing the pain of illness or trauma is nothing new, of course. John Keats, for example, wrote his poem Ode to a Nightingale in 1819 as he battled tuberculosis.The natural environment seems not only to help us heal, but also to unblock our creative powers. In his novel Amsterdam, Ian McEwan describes the frustration of his main character, Clive Linley, who feels blockedas he tries to finish a musical composition. He leaves London because, as McEwan writes, Linley knew he “needed mountains, big skies. The Lake District, perhaps”.What is it about nature that’s so healing and so inspiring? It seems that just looking at a natural object has a powerful and positive effect.Roger Ulrich at the University of Delaware examined the medical records of 46 patients who’d undergone gall bladder surgery between 1972 and 1981. Twenty-three of them convalesced in a ward that looked out onto an open space full of trees, while the other 23 had a view of a brick wall. Ulrich found that those who viewed the trees had a shorter post-operative stay and took fewer strong analgesics than did the other patients.Whatever it is that the natural environment does for us —whether it’s something in the environment itself, or the exposure to natural light or an increase in exercise that stimulates the release of endorphins — it seems that experiencing the natural world has great power.Distilling that experience into words, music or art can help us even more. As Helen Macdonald explained in a recent interview, writing down her experiences gave her a sense “that something was done, and it was a goodbye to my father and to that time”.Next time you feel blocked creatively, therefore, or you seek relief from pain as you recover from a trauma, make sure you spend some time in natural surroundings.11. Which one of the following cannot exemplify that nature is a way of relieving pain and trauma?A. H is for HawkB. The OutrunC. “Ode to a Nightingale”D. Amsterdam12. Ulrich’s experiment shows that ___.A. Barack Obama is wise to read the new nature writing.B. patients will never suffer from gall bladder after successful surgery.C. those patients having a view of wall tend to suffer from psychological problem.D. those patients having a view of lives tend to recover better and faster.13. According to the passage, what cannot be concluded or inferred?A. Nature makes people feel peaceful and comfortable.B. Nature will remind people of the sweet memories in the past.C. Nature helps people overcome traumatic experiences.D. Nature is more often than not inspiring for people.14. New nature writing ____.A. is a kind of literary critical approachB. is regarded as a new type of writingC. is not new at all since its relevance to nature writingD. stems from people’s desire to recall the past15. From the passage we know that ___.A. nature is omnipotent.B. nature is full of mysteries which makes it powerful.C. nature can heal, both physically and psychologically.D. nature has healing power and hospitals should be built within nature.Passage DIdentity, as academ ics define it, falls into two broad categories: “achieved” identity derived from personal effort, and “ascribed” identity based on innate characteristics.Everyone has both, but people tend to be most attached to their “best” identity — the one that offers the most social status or privileges. Successful professionals, for example, often define their identities primarily through their careers. For generations, working-class whites were doubly blessed: They enjoyed privileged status based on race, as well as the fruits of broad economic growth.White people’s officially privileged status waned over the latter half of the 20th century with the demise of discriminatory practices in, say, university admissions. But rising wages, an expanding social safety net and new educational opportunities helped offset that. Most white adults were wealthier and more successful than their parents, and confident that their children would do better still. That feeling of success may have provided a sort of identity in itself.But as Western manufacturing and industry have declined, taking many working-class towns with them, parents and grandparents have found that the opportunities they once had are unavailable to the next generation. That creates an identity vacuum to be filled.Arlie Russell Hochschild describes a feeling of lost opportunity. Her subjects felt like they were waiting in a long line to reach the top of a hill where the American dream was waiting for them. But the line’s uphill progress had slowed, even stopped. A nd immigrants, black people and other “outsiders” seemed to be cutting the line.For many Western whites, opportunities for achieved identity — the top of the hill — seem unattainable. So their ascribed identity — their whiteness — feels more important than ever.The formal rejection of racial discrimination in those societies has, by extension, constructed a new, broader national identity. The United States has a black president.But that broadening can, to some, feel like a painful loss, articulated in the demand voiced over and over at Trump rallies.The loss of that comforting hum has accelerated a phenomenon that Robin DiAngelo, calls “white fragility” — the stress white people feel when they confront the knowledge that they are neither special nor the default; that whiteness is just a race like any other. Fragility leads to feelings of insecurity, defensiveness, even threat. And it can trigger a backlash against those who are perceived as outsiders.Even some conservative analysts who support a multieth nic “melting pot” national identity worry that unassimilated immigrants could threaten core national values and cultural cohesion.The struggle for white identity is not just a political problem; it is about the “deep story” of feeling stuck while others move forward.There will not likely be a return to the whiteness of social dominance and exclusive national identity. Immigration cannot be halted without damaging Western nations’ economies; immigrants who have already。

各大学英研方向，考试科目及参考书目中国人民大学外国语学院英语语言文2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01英美文学 02英语语言学与英语教学03翻译理论与实践04英语国家文化03翻译理论与实践科目一政治 101 科目二 226二外俄语或227二外日语或228二外德语或229二外法语科目三基础英语 618 科目四翻译理论与实践 8221 《当代西方翻译理论探索》廖七一译林出版社 20002 《跨文化交际》金惠康中国对外翻译出版公司 20033 《英汉翻译手册》倜西、董乐山商务印书馆 20024 二外法语：《新大学法语》李志清高等教育出版社 20035 二外德语：《新求精德语》初级1、2；中级1 王晓明同济大学出版社 20036 二外日语：中日交流《标准日本语》初级上下、中级上人民教育出版社7 二外俄语：《大学俄语简明教程》张宝钤钱晓蕙高等教育出版社北京航空航天大学外语语言系英语语言文学2009年研究生入学专业目录研究方向： 01 英美文学 02 比较文学初试科目：①101政治②222俄语二外或223日语二外或224德语二外或225法语二外③721基础英语④822英美文学北京航空航天大学外语语言系英语语言文学2009年研究生入学参考书目822 英美文学《英国文学简史》河南人民出版社〔1993年4月〕刘炳善《英国文学选读》上海译文出版社〔1981年〕杨岂深《美国文学简史》南开大学出版社〔2004年3月第二版〕常耀信《美国文学选读》南开大学出版社(2002年9月) 常耀信721 基础英语不根据某一种教科书命题北京交通大学人文与社会科学学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01英美文学研究02翻译理论与实践03西方文论研究04 浪漫主义文学研究初试科目：①101政治②211德语〔二外〕或212俄语〔二外〕或213法语〔二外〕或214 日语〔二外〕③610语言学与英美文学④851专业综合考试复试备注：复试科目：笔试部分：高级词汇、文论评述、散文翻译、论文〔提供材料，写出一篇小论文〕口试部分：语言学、文学专业知识面试、〔二外〕听力和口语北京交通大学人文与社会科学学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目610语言学与英美文学《语言学教程》〔修订版〕北京大学出版社胡壮麟主编《美国文学简史》南开大学出版社常耀信《英国文学简读教程》清华大学出版社宫玉波851专业综合考试《英美文化基础教程》北京外研社朱永涛《实用翻译教程》高教出版社冯庆华北京理工大学外国语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向： 01 英语文体学 02 英美文学 03 翻译理论与实践初试科目：①101政治②212俄语或213日语或214德语③616基础英语④854英语专业综合(语言学、英美文学、英美概况)复试备注：笔试科目北京理工大学外国语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目616基础英语无参考书目854英语专业综合(语言学、英美文学、英美概况)《语言学教程》北京大学出版社胡壮麟《英国文学史及选读》1、2册外语教学与研究出版社吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》1、2册外语教学与研究出版社吴伟仁《英语国家社会与文化入门》上、下册高等教育出版社朱永涛北京科技大学外国语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向： 01英汉语言比照分析02心理语言学03应用语言学与外语教学04社会语言学05系统功能语言学06语用学07翻译理论与实践研究初试科目：①101政治理论②213日语(二外)或214俄语(二外)或215德语(二外)或216法语(二外)③618基础英语④874综合英语北京科技大学外国语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目874综合英语《英语国家概况》(第二版) 外语教学研究出版社余志远主编;《美国文学简史》(第二版) 南开大学出版社常耀信主编;《语言学教程》(2001版) 北京大学出版社胡壮麟主编;《新编英国文学选读》(修订版) 北京大学出版社罗经国主编618基础英语《本课程为水平考试》不依据任何一教科书命题北京邮电大学语言学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01英美文学 02翻译初试科目：①101统考政治②212日语二外或213法语二外或214俄语二外③614英语语言基础④817英语语言学与文学基础北京邮电大学语言学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目212日语二外《中日交流标准日本语》〔初级1、2册，中级1、2册〕人民教育出版社中日合作编写213法语二外《大学法语简明教程》外语教学与研究出版社〔近年版〕薛建成《法语TEF考试冲刺教程》〔上、下〕外语教学与研究出版社2003年1月童佩智《研究生法语》〔第二外语〕下册北京大学出版社王庭荣614英语语言基础《高级英语》〔修订本〕外语教学与研究出版社〔第一版〕张汉熙，王立礼《Reader’817英语语言学与文学基础《语言学教程》〔修订版〕北京大学出版社2001年第一版胡壮麟《美国文学选读》高等教育出版社〔2001年〕陶洁《英国文学选读》高等教育出版社〔2001年〕王守仁对外经济贸易大学英语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向： 01语言学 02英美文学 03英语国家研究初试科目：①101政治理论②272二外俄语或273二外法语或274二外德语或275二外日语或277二外西语③761基础英语④861综合英语对外经济贸易大学英语学院英语语言文学2008年研究生入学参考书目《高级英语》〔1-2册〕外语教学与研究出版社张汉熙《商务英语阅读》高等教育出版社2002 王关富《英语国家社会与文化入门》高等教育出版社1998 朱永涛《大学英汉翻译教程》〔第二版〕对外经济贸易大学出版社2004 王恩冕等《简明法语教程》〔上、下册〕商务印书馆1996 孙辉标准日本语〔初级上下册、中级上册〕人民教育出版社1990北京外国语大学英语学院英语语言文学2009年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：翻译理论与实践〔笔译〕1、Bassnett, Susan. 《翻译研究》Translation Studies. 上海外语教育出版社.2004.2、Gentzler, Edwin .《当代翻译理论〔第二版修订本〕》Contemporary Translation Theories (Revised Second Edition). 上海外语教育出版社.2004.北京第二外国语大学英语系英语语言文学2008年研究生入学专业目录研究方向：01英美社会文化 02理论语言学及应用语言学 03英美文学 04翻译理论与实践初试科目： 212日 213法 214德 215俄 216西〔任选〕611 基础英语 811 综合考试〔英1〕复试备注： 1. 611基础英语：语法、词汇30分、完形填空30分、阅读理解30分、段落翻译30分、命题作文30分。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试自命题科目《基础英语》考试大纲一、考查目标全国硕士研究生入学统一考试自命题科目《基础英语》考试是为我校招收外国语言文学硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的考试科目。

其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生是否具备攻读该专业所必须的基本素质、一般能力和培养潜能，以选拔具有发展潜力的优秀人才入学，培养具有较强分析与解决实际问题能力的高层次、应用型、复合型外语人才。

本科目考试要求考生：1.掌握较高的英语语法知识与技能；2.掌握不少于10000个英语词汇，其中能够灵活应用的词汇应不少于5000；3.具有较强的读写能力，能够流利阅读英语国家一般媒体的政论性文章；4.具有较强的英语综合应用能力；5.具有较强的逻辑思维能力。

二、考试形式和试卷结构（一）试卷满分及考试时间试卷满分为150分，考试时间180分钟。

（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试，不允许携带字典。

（三）试卷内容、题型结构与说明本科目共有以下8种题型：1. 语法与词汇选择题30题，每题1分，共30分，用时约20分钟2. 短文冠词填空（包括定冠词、不定冠词与零冠词）10题，每题1分，共10分，用时约10分钟3. 短文动词适当形式填空（包括时态与非谓语形式、个别需加情态动词或助动词）10题，每题1分，共10分，用时约12分钟4. 选词提空（从提供的单词或短语中选取合适的填入文章空缺处，无需改变词形）20题，每题1分，共20分用时约13分钟5. 联句（利用并列、从属等手段将一组简单句连成一个结构合理的复杂长句）5题，每题3分，共15分，用时约30分钟6. 阅读理解选择题（阅读4-5篇文章，回答文章后的问题）20题，每题1分，共20分，用时约35分钟7. 根据所读文章回答问题/写文章概要该题型有两种可能，一是阅读文章后回答问题，二是阅读文章后总结文章主要内容，即为文章写出概要。

每年试卷只选其一进行考查。

本题共20分，用时约30分钟。

可能一：4-5个问题，回答时需要有所说明或阐述，每题3-6分可能二：读完一篇1000字左右的文章，然后写出150字以内的文章概要。

华东理工大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试参考书目最专业-最专注-最权威财经考研辅导品牌华东理工大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试参考书目考试科目参考书编著者出版社241 德语（自命题）《大学德语》(第3版)（1-3册）张书良高等教育出版社，242 日语（自命题）《中日交流标准日本语》（初级上、下人民教育出版社光村图书出人民教育出版社册）(新版) 版社合编337 设计史论《艺术概论》王宏建文化艺术出版社，10月《中外艺术设计史》范圣玺中国建材工业出版社，07月《现代设计概论》张福昌华中科技大学出版社，07月349 药学综合《药物化学》第二版尤启冬主编化学工业出版社， .7 《药理学》第六版李端主编人民卫生出版社， .8 《药剂学》第六版崔福德主编人民卫生出版社， .8350 中药专业基础综合《中药学》第六版雷载权上海科学技术出版社《大学有机化学基础》第荣国斌主编华东理工大学出版二版(上下册）社， .8《中药药理学》候家玉、方泰惠主编中国中医药出版社， .3601 无机化学《无机化学》天津大学无机化学教研室高等教育出版社，602 分析化学《分析化学》武汉大学高等教育出版社《仪器分析》（第四版）朱明华、胡坪高等教育出版社603 细胞分子生物学《基因VIII》余龙、江松敏、赵寿元译校科学出版社《细胞生物学》翟中和高等教育出版社604 信息管理基础《信息管理学基础》马费成等武汉大学出版社605 数《数学分析》陈传璋等4高等教育出。

620 基础英语
一、考试性质
《综合英语1》（科目代码620）是考查外国语言学及应用语言学、英语语言文学和翻译学方向考生综合运用英语能力的一种水平考试。

二、考查目标
考试旨在全面检查考生是否完成英语专业阶段学习并达到英语专业教学大纲规定的英语语言综合运用能力标准的要求，考核学生综合运用英语进行交际的能力。

三、考试形式
本考试为闭卷考试，满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。

试卷结构：选择60%；翻译50%；完形填空10%；校对改错10%；写作20%。

四、考试内容
本考试大致包括八个部分内容：词汇、语法、阅读理解、百科知识、翻译（英汉互译、翻译理论）、完形填空、改错和写作。

词汇：该部分测试采用多项选择形式，词汇难度为八级分级词汇表6000-12000词，相当于张汉熙主编的高级英语（1、2册）中的词汇难度，可以参照英语专业四、八级词汇表。

语法：该部分测试采用多项选择形式，难度与英语专业四级考试中语法测试相当。

阅读理解：该部分测试采用多项选择形式，所选文章难度相当。

620《基础英语》大纲一、考试的基本要求对考生的英语综合运用能力进行水平测试。

要求掌握10000以上词汇，并熟练运用其中5000多个单词及常用搭配；熟练掌握语法知识；读懂一般英美报刊上的文章、英语国家出版的有一定难度的历史传记和文学作品，并能分析上述题材文章的思想观点，通篇布局，语言技巧及修辞手法；掌握英语国家社会和文化知识；掌握语言学和文学基础知识；能够用简单英语对所给较难或较为复杂的英语句子进行释义；掌握英汉互译基本理论和基本技巧，并能进行英汉互译；能够根据考试题目和要求撰写不同体裁的英语作文。

二、考试方式和考试时间采用闭卷形式，考试时间3小时，卷面满分为150分。

三、参考书目（仅供参考）《基础英语》主要考核英语专业基础知识与基本技能，水平要求达到教育部《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》规定的英语专业本科毕业标准。

以下书目仅供参考：《综合教程（学生用书）》第二版，第1-4册，何兆熊主编，上海外语教育出版社, 2013；《高级英语（修订本）》重排版，第1-2册，张汉熙主编，外语教学与研究出版社, 2010。

四、试题类型：主要包括填空题、选择题、是非题、名词解析、英汉互译、简答题、论述题、作文等类型，并根据每年的考试要求作相应调整。

五、考试内容及要求1、Vocabulary分为两部分。

第一部分为词汇语法测试，题型为多项选择题，选一最佳答案。

第二部分为词汇释义题，题型为多项选择题，选一最佳答案；2、Cloze要求能在全面理解所给短文内容的基础上，选择一个最佳答案使短文意思和结构恢复完整，题型为多项选择题；3、Error Correction能运用语法、修辞、结构等知识识别短文内的语病并作出改正，题型要求为改正划线部分；4、Paraphrase能用简单英语解释较难或较为复杂的英语句子，题型要求为解释英语划线部分的意思；5、General Knowledge考察英语国家社会和文化知识；考察英语语言学与文学基础知识，题型一般为多项选择题，选一最佳答案；简答题；1。

南京航空航天大学二〇〇九年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试参考书目录212 法语:1．《法语》（1-3册）马晓宏，外语教学与研究出版社 2004 （注：第一、第二册为主）；2．《大学法语简明教程》薛建成，外语教学与研究出版社，2006。

213 俄语:《大学俄语（东方）》1-2册，北京外国语大学、莫斯科普希金俄语学院合编，外语教学与研究出版社，1998年。

214 日语:1.《新编日语》第1、2 册，作者周平，陈小芬，上海外语教育出版社，2003年。

215 德语:《大学德语》第1、2 册(修订版），作者张书良，高教出版社，2002年。

216 英语:大学英语（全新版）综合教程总主编李荫华, 上海外语教育出版社，2003年500 西方社会学理论:《现代社会学理论新编》童星主编，南京大学出版社，2003年。

501 科学社会学:《科学社会学》[美]，默顿，商务印书馆，2003年第一版。

503 马克思主义经典著作选读:《马克思主义经典著作选读》，教育部社会科学研究与思想政治工作司组编，人民出版社1999年7月版/2004年3月版。

505 民法学:《民法》，魏振瀛主编，北京大学出版社，高等教育出版社2007年7月第3版。

506 马克思主义基本原理:《马克思主义基本原理概论》，马克思主义理论研究和建设工程重点教材，高等教育出版社2008年2月版507 翻译与写作:《实用翻译教程》增订本，冯庆华，上海外语教育出版社, 2002年；《中国现代散文英译》，张培基，上海外语教育出版社,1999年。

508 专业日语:1.《高级日语》第四册，吴侃村木新次郎主编，上海外语教育出版社，20 05年。

509 专业英语:1.《简明英语语言学教程》修订本，戴炜栋，上海外语教育出版社，2002年；2.《英国文学选读》，王守仁，高等教育出版社，2001年；3.《美国文学选读》陶洁，高等教育出版社，2001年。

510 结构力学:《结构力学》，丁锡洪编，航空工业出版社。

(完整版)2021年考研英语(二)大纲说明Ⅰ考试性质英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一人学考试科目。

其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等院校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

Ⅱ考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能。

(一)语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(2)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法;(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法;(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。

2. 词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。

考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。

(二)语言技能1. 阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。

题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。

根据阅读材料，考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中的具体信息;(3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系;(4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义;(5)进行一定的判断和推理;(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

2. 写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。

短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当，无明显语言错误。

Ⅲ考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180 分钟。

满分为100 分。

试卷包括试题册和1 张答题卡。

考生应将英语知识运用和阅读理解部分的答案按要求涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，将翻译和写作部分的答案书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。