高考英总复习 英语专题12 高考语法与写作-句子成分划分与长难句分析 试题与答案
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高考语法专题:句子成分分析句子成分的分类:从句法功能的角度讲,句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。
主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语(宾补&主补)和同位语。
请看下面句子成分的分析,并注意这些句子成分在句子中的位置。
Mr Smith,an English teacher,told me that he would help me to learn English if he was free this evening.史密斯先生,一位英语老师,告诉我说,如果他今晚有空,他会帮我学习英语。
主要成分分析:Mr Smith,...told...↓↓次要成分分析:Mr Smith,an English teacher,told me that he...↓↓↓help meto learn English if he wasfree this evening.↓↓↓↓ ↓句子成分的用法在了解了句子成分的定义和分类之后,下面结合具体的例子,详细讲解有关句子成分的用法要点。
一、主语——句子的主体主语是句子的主体,是句子所要说明的人或事物,表示句子描述的是谁或什么。
更确切地说,主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。
主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。
链接高考:1.找出下列句子中的主语①(2017·浙江高考)Up till now, 3 boys and 4 girls have joined the team.②(2016·江苏高考)Internet voting is quite popular nowadays.2.从句子成分分析角度完成下面语法填空:①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________is not good for the health.[分析]空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中充当(句子成分),且指代前面整个主句的内容,故应填。
高中英语句子成分划分练习及答案篇一:英语划分句子成分句式练习题及答案英语句子成分(一)句子主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:划出主语并说出什么词充当的主语Durin g the 1990s, Am erica n cou ntrymusic hasbee m ore a nd mo re po pular. Weoften spea k Eng lishin cl ass.One-t hirdof th e stu dentsin t his c lassare g irls.To sw im in theriver is a grea t ple asure.Smok ing d oes h arm t o the heal th. T he ri ch sh ouldhelpthe p oor.I t isneces saryto ma stera for eignlangu age.Whenwe ar e goi ng to have an E nglis h tes t has notbeendecid ed. (三)谓语:动词做谓语,谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He pr actic es ru nning ever y mor ning.2、复合谓语:(1)如: You maykeepthe b ook f or tw o wee ks. H e has caug ht abad c old.(2)由系动词加表语构成。
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Part1英语句子成分一、词类英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词. 1、名词(n。
):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称.如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。
如:who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征.如:good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序.如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v。
):表示动作或状态。
如:am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等.如:now, very,here, often, quietly, slowly。
7、冠词(art.。
):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如:a, an, the.8、介词(prep。
):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from,above, behind。
9、连词(conj.): 用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj。
专题01句子成分----- 高考真题例句句子成分:主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,补语,表语,同位语一、主语主语: 是执行句子的行为或动作的主体,是句子中的陈述对象。
(一般位于句子的开头,但有时侯在特定句式中可能省略或倒装。
充当:名词(短语),代词,数词,动名词(短语),动词不定式(短语),主语从句等。
1.A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.一门外语是生活奋斗中的一个武器。
2. Who is speaking,please?This is Lily speaking.请问,谁在讲话?我是丽丽。
2.Three will be enough.三个就够了。
4. Living in that island country for three months was an unforgettable experience for me.住在岛上三个月对我而言是一次难忘的经历。
5. Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.我们是否会去取决于天气。
真题例句:1.(2022 全国乙卷)In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruffand Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains toteach in a one-room schoolhouse. (名词短语做主语)2. (2020 全国卷II满分作文)Taking part in a fruit picking activity on a farm is meaningful and rewarding. (动名词短语作主语)3.(2022 全国乙卷)By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.(名词短语做主语)4. (2022 全国乙卷满分作文)What benefits most to their study is reading English books.(主语从句作主语)5.(2022全国甲卷)Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre. (名词作主语)6. (2022全国甲卷)This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. (名词短语做主语)二、谓语谓语:是对主语动作状态或特征的陈述或说明一般在主语之后。
[专题过关训练]
运用长难句分析技巧分析下列长难句,并翻译成汉语
1.(2018·福建闽侯月考)This trend, which was started by the medical community as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
[分析]which was started by the medical community as a method of fighting heart disease是________________从句,破折号后面的the very thing the medical community was trying to fight是对________________和________________的补充说明。
[翻译]________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ [答案]非限制性定语;overweight; heart disease;作为医学界为了抵抗心脏病而发起的这股潮流也有一些难以预料的副作用,如过度肥胖和心脏病,而这正是医学界试图抵制的。
2.(2018·河南郑州高三测试)The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
[分析]but连接两个并列分句。
第二分句中,“relatively speaking”是________________,“because they heard the alarm and knew what to do”是________________从句。
[翻译]________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ [答案]插入语;原因状语;通常对第一株植物的伤害更严重,但是相对来说,邻居们会更安全,因为它们听到了警报并知道做什么。
3.(2018·广西南宁月考)If someone knocks and it's not an important
matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you're busy so they can get the hint(暗示) that when the door is closed, you're not to be disturbed.
[分析]“If someone knocks and it's not an important matter”是if引导的________________从句。
So后面表示结果,在此部分中“that when the door is closed, you're not to be disturbed”是“the hint”的________________从句,该从句中又含有when引导的________________从句。
[翻译]________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ [答案]条件状语;同位语;时间状语;如果有人敲门且不是什么重要的事情,就给自己找个借口,并让那个人知道你很忙,这样他们就能得到暗示,那就是当门关着时,你不想被打扰。
4.(2018·保定三中三调)Suppose you're in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an e-mail that could get you in trouble.
[分析]连词and连接两个并列复合句,第一个分句中,suppose 后是省略了that的________________从句。
第二个分句中,“that could get you in trouble”为________________从句,修饰先行词________________。
[翻译]________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ [答案]宾语;定语;an e-mail;假设你很忙,感觉很累,注意力不在电脑屏幕上,这时你发了一封可能会使你陷入麻烦中的邮件。
5.(2018·河南安阳高三模拟)Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示)
is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.
[分析]句中when引导一个________________从句;主语从句________________为主句的主语,that引导________________从句,在这个________________从句中,what引导的从句作________________的________________。
[翻译]________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ [答案]时间状语;what may be implied;表语;表语;consider;宾语;因此,当一个来自这些文化群体之一的人在讲话的时候突然停住了,可能那个人是在继续(讲话)之前暗示听众去思考他之前说了什么。