2017中考英语语法考点
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最新2017中考英语语法总复
习讲义
基础铺垫
1.词性概述
2.句子成分
WARM-UP:1)The teacher in the classroom.
2)Sang many songs and danced happily.
3)She attracts.
4)Many people living in the country.
5)All the books on the desk over there.以上这些形式都不能构成英语句子。
英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语(核心:主动词)
I.八大成分的概念和构成
1.主语(名词代词形):句子的主体,是谓语陈述,说明的对象。
If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。
The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.
成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始,并要坚持不断磨练。
充当主语的形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式8)介词短语(少见)
形式主语(名词从句,不定式,动名词)(见第六讲主语和宾语)
2.谓语:表示主语的行为或进行的活动。
I have a dream.
You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want.
所需之物未必皆所欲,所欲未必皆所需。
谓语形式:动词(英语句子的灵魂)
3.宾语:行为或活动的对象,接受者或受影响者。
You don’t find opportunities…you make them.你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。
You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.
如果你常开着电视,你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。
充当宾语形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式
形式宾语(名词从句,不定式,动名词)(见第六讲主语和宾语)
4.表语:说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后)
Time is money.
Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.
你想做什么事,三点钟总是太早或太迟。
构成形式:1)名词2)形容词3)代词4)数词5)不定式6)ing形式7)过去分词8)副词9)介词短语10)小品词11)名词从句
5.补语:补充说明。(由动词类别来决定)
构成形式:1)名词2)代词3)形容词4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)过去分词8)介词短语9)副词小品词10)名词从句
主语补语Tom was made monitor.
宾语补语I made Tom monitor.
表语补语I am sure to succeed.
6. 定语:对名词性形式进行范围限定。
7. This is beautiful music.
There are only two kinds of music…good and bad.
自古音乐分两种,好的和坏的。
构成形式:1)限定词2)形容词3)名词4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)过去分词8)介词短语9)副词10)关系从句
8. 同位语:对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。
Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.
构成形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)名词从句
9. 状语:修饰词,短语,从句和整句。位置:自由自在。
1)修饰性状语:修饰动词,形容词,副词等(时间,地点,肯定,否定,程度,频度,方式,伴随,原因,目的,比较等)。
Can you feel the love tonight?
Home never looks so good as when you come back from getting away from it.
只有出走又回家时,家才最感亲切。
2)连接性状语:连接上下文(顺序,递进,转折,让步,结果,推论,比较)。
First comes spring, then summer.
I’ve never been to America, therefore I don’t know much about it.
3)评述性状语:修饰整个句子,表示说话人的看法或态度。
Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.
3.句子的种类
1.英语中按使用目的或功用分为四类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。
A.陈述句。
○1陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法。陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句两种。
a.陈述句的肯定式。I have already posted the photos. / They are students. / I must go now . / He was reading a book at 8:00 last night.
b.陈述句的否定形式。
(1)谓语动词是系动词be, 助动词have, will, shall, be或情态动词,只须在其后面加not构成否定句。
She isn’t a student . / He hasn’t been to the Great Wall . / I can not swim . / You will not go there tomorrow. / They aren’t sleeping .
(2)若谓语动词是实义动词,在实义动词前加上do not,第三人称单数现在时用does not,过去时用did not。
He didn’t send me an invitation .
(3)由具有否定含义的词never, nobody, hardly, little, dislike, seldom, few, to o…to等构