下载文档原格式
基于PEST分析法的新能源汽车环境分析目录1. 内容概括 (3)1.1 研究背景 (3)1.2 研究意义 (4)1.3 文献综述 (5)1.4 研究方法和数据来源 (6)2. PEST分析法概述 (7)2.1 PEST分析法的起源 (9)2.2 PEST分析法的概念 (10)2.3 PEST分析法的应用领域 (11)3. 新能源汽车行业发展现状 (12)3.1 新能源汽车定义与分类 (14)3.2 新能源汽车市场发展分析 (15)3.3 技术发展与创新 (16)3.4 竞争格局与市场趋势 (18)4. 环境分析 (19)4.1 政治环境分析 (20)4.1.1 全球新能源汽车政策 (21)4.1.2 国家新能源汽车政策及规划 (23)4.1.3 地方新能源汽车政策与市场 (24)4.2 经济环境分析 (25)4.2.1 新能源汽车市场需求分析 (27)4.2.2 新能源汽车产业投资分析 (28)4.2.3 新能源汽车生产成本与经济效益 (29)4.3 社会环境分析 (31)4.3.1 消费者对新能源汽车认知与接受度 (32)4.3.2 社会对新能源汽车的环保意识 (34)4.3.3 社会公众的能源消费行为 (35)4.4 技术环境分析 (37)4.4.1 新能源汽车技术发展与创新 (38)4.4.2 新能源汽车关键技术的突破 (40)4.4.3 新能源汽车技术的国际合作与竞争 (41)5. 新能源汽车环境分析结论 (42)5.1 政治环境结论 (44)5.2 经济环境结论 (44)5.3 社会环境结论 (46)5.4 技术环境结论 (47)6. 新能源汽车发展建议 (49)6.1 政策建议 (50)6.2 企业战略建议 (51)6.3 社会公众参与与宣传 (53)6.4 技术研发与发展建议 (55)7. 结论与展望 (56)7.1 研究结论 (57)7.2 研究展望 (57)7.3 研究局限与未来改进方向 (59)1. 内容概括本文档基于PEST分析法，对新能源汽车产业的环境因素进行了全面、深入的分析。
新能源汽车种类有哪些新能源汽车是指使用非化石能源，具有低排放和高能效特点的汽车。
随着环境保护和可持续发展意识的增强，新能源汽车的研发和生产逐渐兴起。
新能源汽车种类繁多，下面将介绍一些主要的种类。
首先，纯电动汽车（Battery Electric Vehicle，BEV）是目前最常见的一种新能源汽车。
纯电动汽车主要依靠电池储存能量，并将其转化为电能驱动电动机工作。
纯电动汽车具有零排放、低噪音和能源效率高的特点，能够完全摆脱对石油的依赖。
目前市场上的纯电动汽车有特斯拉Model S、宝马i3、蔚来ES8等。
其次，插电式混合动力汽车（Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle，PHEV）是另一种常见的新能源汽车。
插电式混合动力汽车不仅可以通过内部燃机驱动车辆，还可以通过电池驱动电动机工作。
这种车型可以通过插电充电，也可以通过发动机自身输出电力充电，具备长续航和灵活充电两种模式。
代表性的插电式混合动力汽车有丰田普锐斯插电版、三菱欧蓝德PHEV等。
此外，燃料电池汽车（Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle，FCEV）也是一种新能源汽车。
燃料电池汽车是基于氢燃料电池技术的汽车，通过与空气中的氧气反应产生电能驱动电动机工作。
燃料电池汽车在续航里程、加氢时间和动力输出等方面相对其他新能源汽车具备优势，但目前市场上尚未有大规模商用的燃料电池汽车。
此外，还有一些新能源汽车的衍生型，如增程式电动汽车（Extended Range Electric Vehicle，EREV）和太阳能电动汽车。
增程式电动汽车在电池电量耗尽后，可以通过发动机为电动机提供电力，继续行驶一段距离。
太阳能电动汽车则是通过车顶的太阳能电池板将太阳能转化为电能，供车辆使用。
总之，随着技术的进步和市场的发展，新能源汽车种类日益丰富，正在逐渐取代传统燃油汽车。
纯电动汽车、插电式混合动力汽车、燃料电池汽车以及一些衍生型的新能源汽车，都在为人们提供更加环保、高效和可持续的交通出行方式。
目录汽车品牌口号收集 (2)1千里马 (3)2.另U克 (3)3.东南菱帅 (4)4.上海大众 (5)5•奥迪AUDI (6)6.新甲壳虫New Beatle (8)7•高尔夫GOLF (8)8•夏朗SHARAN (8)9•捷达JETTA (9)10•宝莱BORA (9)11.高尔GOL (10)12。
.......................................................... 马自达福美来323 10 13•马自达6 Mazda6 .. (10)14•福美来 (10)15.宝马BMW (10)16。
---------- 梅塞德斯.................................... 奔驰Mercedes-Benz 12 17。
............................................................. 沃尔沃VOLVO 1318.日产汽车NISSAN (13)19.丰田汽车TOYOTA (14)20。
吉普anywhere i can reach__eep (14)21•绅宝SAAB (15)22.福特 (15)23•雪佛兰CHEVROLET (15)24。
现代汽车HYUNDAI (16)25•威乐VELA (16)26•本田 (18)27。
东风雪铁龙 (19)28。
中华轿车Brilliance Auto (20)29。
奇瑞 (20)30。
菲亚特 (21)31•三菱欧蓝德OUTLANDER (21)32。
...................................................................... 红旗2233.吉利 (22)34•华普汽车MAPLEAUTOMOBILE (22)35•江淮瑞风REFINE (22)36.Sovereign (22)37。
车辆工程技术22车辆技术1 新能源汽车定义及分类 根据国家发布的《汽车产业中长期发展规划》，未来汽车技术发展方向是节能汽车和新能源汽车。
其中新能源汽车是指采用非常规的车用燃料作为动力来源（或使用常规的车用燃料、采用新型车载动力装置），综合车辆的动力控制和驱动方面的先进技术，形成的技术原理先进、具有新技术、新结构的汽车。
2 插电式混合动力汽车分类 插电式混合动力汽车介于纯电动与燃油汽车两者之间的新能源汽车，既有传统汽车的内燃机、传动系统、油箱，也有纯电动汽车的电动机、电池、控制器、充电接口；既能实现纯电动、零排放行驶，也能通过混动模式利用内燃机增加车辆的续驶里程。
插电式混合动力汽车从内燃机和电机的联结方式和驱动特点，可分为三大类型：串联、并联、混联式动力系统。
因各家设计理念、基本思路不同，各车型混动系统构型具备不同特点，混联式动力系统是现阶段市场主要发展方向，主流车型如表1。
表1 混合动力汽车系统基本构型类型系统构型代表车型系统基本组件混联P1/P3非功率分流i-MMD本田雅阁电机x2，离合x1四驱（前后电机）三菱欧蓝德PHEV电机x3，离合x1小混联南京依维柯电机x2，离合x1PS功率分流单模THS III丰田普锐斯四代电机x2,行星排x2CHS吉利帝豪EC7电机x2，行星排x1.5，离合x2双模Voltec二代通用迈锐宝电机x2，行星排x2，离合x2Voltec三代凯迪拉克电机x2，行星系x3，离合x5ActiveHybrid宝马x6电机x2，行星系x3，离合x53 几种典型车型的混联式混合动力系统构型分析 新能源汽车混动系统构型直接关系到该车的运行模式、工作特点、控制策略，也体现了该车型的优缺点，我们针对市场上几款典型车型的混联式混合动力系统构型进行分析。
3.1 本田雅阁混动版（i-MMD双电机） 该车型是混联插电式混合动力汽车，匹配2.0L排量Atkinson发动机、双电机动力系统。
发动机、驱动电机可同时为整车输出动力、发电机则负责能量转化,充电，发动机可根据实际需求参与工作，如图a所示。
混合动力系统与电动汽车——电驱动系统引发的汽车技术变革张俊智教授jzhzhang@月1010日07月日20201616年年07内容提要、电动汽车发展战略分析一电动汽车发展战略分析二、电动化的继承发展创新我国动汽车产十规划三、我国电动汽车产业“十三五”规划四、总结2BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2015W ld i ti b b l 09%i 2014th l t t f th i World primary energy consumption grew by a below-average 0.9% in 2014, the slowest rate of growth since 1998 other than the decline in the aftermath of the financial crisis. Growth was below average in all regions except North America and Africa. All fuels except nuclear grew at below-average rates. Oil remains theworld’s dominant fuel. Hydroelectric and other renewables in power generation both reached record shares of global primary energy consumption (6.8% and 2.5%, respectively).World Primary Energy Consumption by Countries 2014World Primary Energy Consumption by Countries, 2014Oil Natural gas CoalNuclear energy Hydro-electricity Renew-ables TotalChina 520.3166.91962.428.6240.853.12972.1US836.1695.3453.4189.859.165.02298.7RussianFederation 148.1368.385.240.939.30.1681.93India 180.745.6360.27.829.613.9637.8Japan196.8101.2126.5-19.811.6456.1Total4211.13065.53881.8574.0879.0316.912928.44World transport energy use by mode, 1971-20095Energy is becoming thirstier in the face of growing water constraints6Automotive platinum consumptionconsumptionAutomotive platinumUse of platinum per automobileUse of platinum per automobile• fuel cell-technologybeginning: up to 1000 gb i i t1000today:30g(ca. 0.3 mg Pt/cm²)goal:10-20 g (ca. 0.1 mg Pt/cm²)• ICE withcatalyst-technologytoday: 1-2 g averageSULEV vehicle: 35 gSULEV vehicle:3-5g7我国能源消费状况根据到21世纪中叶我国达到中等发达国家水平，人口控制在15亿左右的发展目标估计，一次能源的总消费量将达到50亿tce。
第1页毕 业设 计题目_ 电动观光汽车总体结构设计______________目录目录 (2)摘要 (4)前言 (5)1 电动汽车的发展史及现状 (1)1.1电动汽车的历史 (1)1.2电动汽车的现状以及技术水平 (2)2设计参数的选择 (3)2.1设计目的和要求以及总体构想 (3)2.2设计参数的选择 (3)3 电动汽车总成的布置和参数的确定 (4)3.1电动汽车电机的选择 (4)3.2电动汽车电池的选择 (7)3.3车胎的选择 (8)3.4电动汽车的驱动系统 (9)3.5电动汽车传动系的布置形式和驱动桥的选择 (11)3.6电动汽车前后悬架的选择 (11)3.7车桥选择 (12)3.8电动汽车的转向系和制动系 (13)3.9车架的设计 (15)3.9.1车架形式的介绍与确定 (15)3.9.2车架设计主要考虑的问题 (15)4 参数的校核和确定 (17)第2页致谢 (23)参考文献 (24)第3页电动观光汽车总体结构设计摘要该论文研究的课题是电动观光汽车总体结构设计。
在本文首先简要介绍电动汽车的发展史和目前的技术水品，以及电动汽车总体构想；然后就是整车基本设计参数的分析和选择；最后就是电动汽车总成的布置，其中详细介绍了电机、电池、车轮和车桥的选择，以及传动系统、驱动系统、传动系的布置形式的分析，以及车架的总体设计；最后是参数的校核与确定。
关键词：电动汽车结构动力电池电机AbstractThe this paper research's topic is the electrically operated sightseeing car gross structure design. First briefly introduces electric automobile's history and the present technical water in this article, as well as electric automobile overall conception; Is the complete bikes basic design parameter analysis and the choice; Finally is the electric automobile unit arrangement, introduced the electrical machinery, the battery, the wheel and the vehicle bridge's choice in detail, as well as transmission system, driving system, power transmission arrangement form analysis, as well as frame's system design; Finally is the parameter examination and the determination.Keywords: electric sightseeing car, electric battery, power ,structure第4页前言汽车工业给人类带来便利和经济利益的同时，也加剧了世界的能源和环境问题。
8 1188 812DrivingWhat’s the di erence between a PHEV,HV,and PHV?PHEV and PHV vehicles feature a drive battery that can be charged directly from an external power source. For this reason, they have a longer cruising range under electric power than HV vehicles. PHEV vehicles can also use the engine as a generator to charge the drive battery,but PHV vehicles cannot. If the battery runs down on a PHV vehicle, it must operate in HV mode until it is charged from an external source.What happens if I run out of gas and the drive battery runs down?Even if you run out of gas, you can still drive the vehicle as long as the drive battery still has power. However,because the drive motor is also used to start the engine in PHEV vehicles, if you are out of both gasoline and drive battery power, the drive motor will not be able to start the engine even if you ll up with gas. If you run both completely down, you will need to charge the drive battery using an ex ternal power source before you can drive again.When does the engine come on?The gasoline engine comes on when the drive battery level becomes low and requires charging or when a large amount of drive power is needed. The vehicle can continue running in EV Drive mode while the engine is charging the battery, and the engine can supply drive power to assist the electric motors. The engine may sometimes come on to supply heat when the air conditioning system is in use.The engine comes on automatically when I start up the vehicle, even though the battery is fully charged.Why?To prevent engine damage caused by fuel deterioration,the engine comes on to consume fuel if no more than 10liters of gasoline have been added to the fuel tank in three straight months. The engine will continue turning on automatically while driving (in HV mode) until the fuel tank is lled with at least 15liters of gasoline.Do I need to operate the Selector Lever or anything else when I’m starting up or shutting down the vehicle?Startup:Press the power switch once while pressing the brake pedal to start up the PHEV system.When the gauge says READY, move the Selector Lever to D while keeping your foot on the brake.Release the brake pedal and press the accelerator to begin driving.Shutdown: To completely stop the vehicle, hold down the brake pedal while pressing the Parking Switch.When the gauge indicates that the Selector Lever is in the P position, turn the power switch to OFF and the PHEV system will shut down.●If you try to turn the power switch OFF while in any position besides P during shutdown, the vehicle will automatically return to the P position and the automatic parking lock feature will engage.●The gauge shows the position of the Selector Lever.●The Parking Switch (P position) is automatically released.●If you do not hold down the brake pedal, you will not be able to change the position of the Selector Lever.●If the following operations are carried out while thevehicle is in motion, a buzzer will sound and the vehicle will automatically shift to the N position:●Pushing the Parking Switch●Switching to the R position while driving forward ●Switching to the D position while reversingWhat is the maximum grade I can climb?About 30%.How often should I change the oil?Just like a gasoline-powered vehicle, you should change your oil every 20,000km or every year.When the drive battery is low,is it more e cient to drive in charging/EV mode or HV mode?Repeatedly switching between Battery Charge mode and EV mode deteriorates mileage by 20% in comparison with HV mode.Why does my cruising range decrease when I turn the air conditioning (AC)on?Just like your home air conditioner, the on-board AC unit consumes electricity. Because this electricity is supplied by the drive battery, cooling the interior (for ex ample,keeping the interior at 25°C when it is 35°C outside)reduces EV cruising range by about 30%,while heating the interior (for ex ample, keeping the interior at 25°C when it is -10°C outside),reduces it by about 40%.N DBRNote:The automatic parking lock feature is a supplementary feature only.Press the Parking Switch to shut down the vehicle.What is the life of the drive battery?Like any lithium ion battery, the drive battery will gradually lose its charge and cruising range over time in accordance with how it is used. This is an inherent feature of lithium ion batteries and is therefore not covered by the regular warranty.Can I get a di erent charging cable besides the standard 5-meter,230V cable?A 10-meter/230V charging cable is available as a manufacturer’s option.Battery and chargingHow can I determine the remaining drive battery capacity?The Multi Information Display in the middle of the dual meter cluster shows how much charge is left in the drive battery.Can I charge the PHEV from a regular home outlet?The PHEV can be charged from a 3Pin 13A socket however it isrecommended that you run a special line from your breaker’s switchboard.Electricity supplyWhat is the Vehicle to Home (V2H)power supply function?We are still examining legality and other issues. However, the vehicle already supports this feature that technically enables energy from the drive battery to be used to power a home.It requires the factory-installedquick-charge feature.Other questionsCan I use a trailer hitch?A trailer hitch can be used in the EU.Up to 1.5t towing is permitted.Can I check my combined fuel consumption onthe Multi Information Display or by using the MMCS?No, but you can check the average fuel consumption separately for EV Drive and HV Drive by using the MMCS.Where can I get the Mitsubishi Remote Control app?The application can be purchased from the Mitsubishi Motors website,the Apple Store or Google Play.NotesMitsubishi Motors Ireland Mitsubishi HouseJFK Drive,Naas RoadDublin12Ph:1890415161Email:info@mitsubishi-motors.iewww.mitsubishi-motors.ie。
