欧洲文化作业判断题分

1．第1题Greek mythology relates the development of the order of the universe to_____ .A.PandoraB.ZeusC.ChaosD.Cronus您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology?A.They represented a kind of bridge between gods and mortalsB.They never dieC.They got gods' favorD.They had some defect to balance out their power您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题Many works of painting and sculpture have taken myths as their ___.A.originB.sourceC.subjectD.example您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture?A.A city-state devoted itself to a particular godB.A god's characteristics may vary from one city to anotherC.The Greeks honored the city's gods every dayD.Temples were built in honor of gods您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes?A.They were immortalB.They retain power after death to influence the lives of the livingC.They were also mortalD.They had exceptional power您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第6题Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the___.A.Gospel of JohnB.Gospel of MatthewC.Acts of the ApostlesD.Acts of the Christians您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第7题Herod was the king who was___.A.happy to learn the birth of JesusB.jealous of JesusC.ready to help JesusD.ill then您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第8题The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.A.before the 6th century BCB.before coming into contact with Greek cultureC.after conquering GreeceD.after coming into contact with foreign culture您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第9题Roman mythology is actually___.A.of Greek cultureB.not purely RomanC.from African cultureD.of Asian nature您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.010．第10题Which is not true in the following about the disruptive deities?A.They were in fact monstersB.They were powerfulC.They were in fact mortalsD.They looked part human and part animal您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.011．第11题In the Age of Enlightenment, there was emphasis on____.A.new religionsB.rationalityC.allegorical interpretation of mythsD.the study of myths您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.012．第12题The images of Cronus and Rhea reflect ___________.A.the matriarchal social system in Ancient GreeceB.the patriarchal social system in Ancient GreeceC.the communal marriage in the primitive societyD.the communal structure in the primitive society您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.013．第13题The ancient Greeks___.A.learned myths from RomeB.firmly believed myths to be trueC.wrote many mythsD.learned myths from China您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.014．第14题In the Middle Ages, the ancient myths___.A.predominatedB.were dominantC.were interpreted allegoricallyD.were even more popular您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.015．第15题According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world.A.PandoraB.ZeusC.ChaosD.Cronus您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.016．第16题Which of the following is not shared by Eve in Bible and Pandora in Greek myths?A.Being the first womanB.Being curiousC.Being put at the root of all evilD.Being turned from immortal to mortal您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.017．第17题Scholars believe that Greek mythology__.A.influenced cultures in the Middle EastB.was influenced by cultures in the Middle EastC.affected African culturesD.was affected by African cultures您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.018．第18题Which of the following does not contribute to our knowledge of Greek mythology?A.Written textsB.SculptureC.Painted ceramicsD.Guesswork您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.019．第19题___ is not included in Greek mythology as one of the three principal types of figures.A.the godsB.the devilsC.the mortalsD.the heroes您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.020．第20题According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation of all things.A.ZeusB.JupiterC.CronusD.Chaos您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.021．第21题According to Greek mythology, Paris,___, which resulted in the Trojan war.A.son of King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beautyB.King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beautyC.son of Greek king, abducted Helen, a Trojan beautyD.King of Greek, abducted Helen, a Trojan beauty您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.022．第22题The early Christians were against ___.A.Greek cultureB.Roman cultureC.Hebrew culureD.pagan culture您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.023．第23题The images of gods in Greek mythology are_________.A.as dominating as that of Christian GodB.as emotional as that of the Christian GodC.as emotional as those of humans;D.as horrible as those of monsters您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.024．第24题Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_.A.literatureB.architectureC.musicD.art您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.025．第25题Common types of myths exclude___.A.cosmic mythsB.myths of the godsC.myths of heroesD.myths of mortals您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.026．第26题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.A.lived about three centuries before Christ was bornB.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythologyC.introduced the names of Greek gods into Roman cultureD.introduced the functions of Greek gods into Roman culture 您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.027．第27题The Greeks modeled relationships between ___.A.men and women on those between immortalsB.men on those between godsC.man and nature on those between godsD.gods on those between mortals您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.028．第28题The Greeks imagined their gods to have human shape, which was__.A.somewhat realisticB.somewhat idealizedC.strongly realisticD.strongly idealized您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.029．第29题The deeds of the heroes Heracles and Theseus embody the conflict between___.A.life and deathB.love and hatredC.man and natureD.civilization and wild savagery您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.030．第30题The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___.A.geographicalB.historicalC.scientificD.practical您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.031．第31题The continuity of the New Testament with the Old is best shown in ___.A.its teaching about GodB.its teaching about JesusC.its instruction by ChristD. its claim of Jesus as a unique revelation of God您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.032．第32题A gospel in the New Testament ___.A.is a series of individual accounts of acts or sayingsB.is a biography of heroesC.is an autobiographyD.is a biography of divine figures您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.033．第33题William Tyndale translated the New Testament in the 16 century from ___.A.the Latin textB.the Greek textC.the Hebrew textD.the French text您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.034．第34题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament?A.the kingdom of GodB.the human personsC.the Holy SpiritD.God您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.035．第35题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of GodB.the human personsC.the Holy SpiritD.God您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.036．第36题The kingdom of God refers to__.A.the creation of GodB.the rule of GodC.the love of GodD.the land of God您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第37题Mary's pregnancy to Joseph, her husband, was ___.A.a scandalB.a luckC.incredibleD.unfortunate您的答案：A题目分数：2.038．第38题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.A.a prophetB.the second AdamC.the Son of GodD.the almighty God您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.039．第39题William Tyndale translated the Old Testament in the 16 century from ___.A.the Latin textB.the Greek textC.the Hebrew textD.the French text您的答案：C此题得分：2.040．第40题Which of the following is Not true about monasteries?A.They were self-sufficient unitsB.Monks in the monastery slept in the same dormitoryC.Monks did not have to work in the fields at allD.All monks lived according to a rule that governed their daily routine您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.041．第41题Before the First Crusade, Jews__.A.lived in the monasteriesB.lived in the citiesC.were forced into the citiesD.were forced out of the cities您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.042．第42题The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the RenaissanceB.began with the fall of ByzantiumC.ended with the RenaissanceD.ended with the disappearance of the Roman Catholic Church您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.043．第43题Black Death caused __.A.more harm in the countrysideB.no harm in the countryC.more harm in the citiesD.no harm in the cities您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.044．第44题In the 13th century, many schools _.A.were organized into universitiesB.gave way to universitiesC.were state-runD.were government-funded您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第45题The chief point of Gregorian reform was to ___.A.end the power of emperorsB.make the church completely independent from the emperorsC.force the priests to remain single throughout lifeD.allow the priests to marry您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.046．第46题In the Carolingian time popes__.A.were the heads of churchB.were regarded as models of pietyC.opened schoolsD.were the heads of state您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.047．第47题The First Crusade was important because __.A.it conquered the land of the MuslimsB.the Pope rescued the Byzantine EmpireC.it was the first example of European expansionismD.the Byzantine Empire defeated the Muslims finally您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第48题New schools in the Central Middle Ages attracted__.A.local teachers onlyB.local students onlyC.teachers all over EuropeD.wealthy merchants only您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0Jews in the cities were__.A.converted to ChristianityB.converted to IslamC.admired by ChristiansD.persecuted by Christians您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第50题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.A.Those who believed in GodB.Those who did not believe in ChristianityC.Jews onlyD.Muslims only您的答案：B题目分数：2.0作业总得分：98.0 作业总批注：。

作业1．第1题Lyric is a poetic form so called because it was originally sung byindividuals or a chorus accompanied by a musical instrument called thelyre.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V helped the Pope in the movement ofCatholic Counter-Reformation.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题During the Renaissance, many Italian scholars began to learn Greekbecause they wanted to translate Latin works into Greek.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题Romanesque architecture was known by its massive quality, round arches,barrel vaults, thick walls, sturdy pillars, small windows, large towersand decorative arcading.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题Romance combined features of both vernacular epic and vernacular lyric.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.06．第6题After Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century, all other religious beliefs disappeared.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第7题The Hammurabi Code is the oldest known legal document in human history.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第8题Though the idea of democracy originated in Athens, the practice was very different from today’s western countries.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第9题According to Aristotle, Form (or Idea) exists as a higher reality than the material world.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.010．第10题During the 12th and 13th centuries, Romanesque style gradually took the place of Gothic style in architecture.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.011．第11题The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.012．第12题Dante was the first Italian writer to compose in his native language rather than in Latin.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.013．第13题Out of great respect for traditions, the Romans were reluctant to make reforms.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.014．第14题Officers in the Roman Republic were produced by drawing lots.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.015．第15题Ptolemy’s geocentric theory remained very p opular in Europe for centuries.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.016．第16题The Roman government offered free food to the poor people to achieve greater harmony.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.017．第17题The Greek city-states varied greatly in their governmental structures.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.018．第18题Legends have it that the Garden of Eden situated on the Mesopotamian plain.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.019．第19题Mount Olympus is the highest point in Greece and home of the mythical Greek gods. ？您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.020．第20题The sales of Church offices led to low religious and personal standards of the clergymen.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.021．第21题Marsilio Ficino, the first man to translate Plato’s complete works from Greek into Latin, was known as a Neo-Platonist.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.022．第22题All classes in universities were taught in Latin and mostly by a lecture method.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.023．第23题Medieval fables are regarded as forerunners of the modern short story.您的答案：错误此题得分：2.024．第24题Martin Luther first expressed his idea of reforming the Church by criticizing the sale of indulgences.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.025．第25题The Northern Renaissance is the term used to describe the Renaissance in northern Europe, or more broadly in Europe outside Italy.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.026．第26题It was the Romans who created the name “Africa” after they conquered the Carthage Empire.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.027．第27题Universities served only a limited sector of the medieval population, only for men and the wealthy; women and the poor were kept out of education.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.028．第28题Earlier Christian leaders all agreed that the gospel was intended for Jews and non-Jews as well to hear.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.029．第29题It was the Sumerians who first started systematic agriculture.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.030．第30题In the ancient Egyptian society there were only male pharaohs.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.031．第31题Athenian magistrate Solon devised the Council of 500 as a check to the power of the nobles.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.032．第32题In the Middle Ages, Christians in Western Europe only needed to pay one tenth of their annual income to the Church of Rome.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.033．第33题Mesopotamian civilization was based on the tradition, culture and custom of one single group of ancient people living in the region.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.034．第34题It was only in the 16th century that the Church of Rome’s monopoly began to meet the challenge for religious reform.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.035．第35题Due to the Protestant Reformation and the CatholicCounter-Reformation, the Church of Rome lost its authority to settle all disputes among Christians.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.036．第36题By the 15th century the Pope had become powerful in both the secular life of the Europeans as well as in their religious life.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第37题Florence was the major centre of the High Renaissance Art at the early 16th century.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.038．第38题judaism instilled a sense of individualism ａnd equality into the hebrew society.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.039．第39题The word “tyranny” was just as derogative in ancient Greece as today.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.040．第40题Christian Humanism helped pave the way for the Protestant Reformation. 您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.041．第41题The characteristic features of the Gothic style included pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, thinner walls, large and stained-glass windows.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.042．第42题That the early Christians suffered systematical persecution by the Roman authorities was a myth.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.043．第43题In the Roman Republic, citizenship was determined by blood only. In other words, only when both parents were native Romans could a person become Roman citizen.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.044．第44题The institution of the senate in the Roman Republic could be traced to the Etruscan tradition.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第45题Octavian kept the republican system in name in order to gain support.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.046．第46题Although people from different regions in the Roman Empire spoke different mother tongues, they could always communicate with strangers either in Latin or in Greek, the official languages of the Empire.题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.047．第47题Roman state financed gladiator shows to make people forget social and economic problems.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.048．第48题The basic units of the first human civilization were city-states.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.049．第49题The term “dictator” did not have its present day’s derogatory meaning in the period of the Roman Republic.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第50题The Laws of the Twelve Tables was the first written law in Rome.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.051．第51题The Americans learnt from the ancient Rome in creating their federal government.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.052．第52题Seven Sacraments are recognized by Catholic Church, Orthodox Churches and Protestant Churches.题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.053．第53题During the Renaissance, all scholars and artists abandoned medieval qualities and embraced modern values over night.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.054．第54题In the Roman Empire, a foreign soldier could earn citizenship through his military service.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.055．第55题The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.056．第56题All Egyptian gods have a human body and an animal head.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.057．第57题Acropolis is an open space or plaza that served both as a market and as a place where citizens could assemble.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.058．第58题The Minoan civilization is often regarded as the first advanced civilization of Europe.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.059．第59题Among the Olympian gods, Zeus was the chief deity and he was mainly worshipped at Olympia.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.060．第60题Reading of the Bible and his theological teaching made clearer Luther’s idea about the malpractices of the Church.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.0作业总得分：93.0作业总批注：。

Division OneI.有可能出的填空，选择题及判断题的内容:.1.European Culture is composed of _____________ and_____________________ as two major elements.2.Greek culture reached its high point of development/climax in __________ (century).3.All Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, Kingof Macedon in _________(century).4.In _______, the Romans conquered Greece.5.Homer wrote __________ and _____________, twofamous epics.6.______________ is called “Father of History” in GreekCulture, who wrote the wars between ____________ and________________________.7.The famous writer who wrote comedy in Greek culture isnamed ______________.8.“The great historian that ever lived” is said to praise_____________________(name).9.The Dialectal Method is put forward by___________.10.Academy was established by ______________________,whose philosophy is called ____________________.11.Lyceum was established by _______________.12.Leader of the Cynics is ____________________, and“cynic” means _____________.13.The most important thing in life to the Stoics is_________________.14.Elements, a textbook of geometry, was written by___________.15.The famous temples in ancient Greece are____________________ and ______________.16.The Romans enjoyed two hundred years of peaceful time,known as ________________.17.In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved thecapital from Rome to Byzantium, renamed it ____________________(modern _____________).18.After 395, the Roman Empire was divided into_____________ and _________.19.The East Roman Empire fell to the ___________ in 1453.20.“I came, I saw, I conquered” was written by_________________.21.Two famous representatives of Roman architecture are________________ and _________________________.22.________ said, “Captive Greece took her rude conquerorcaptive”.23.Greek Culture has exerted great, positive influence on thelater-on literature, such as Shelly’s ______________ and Byron’s ___________________.24.The languages that were spoken by Greeks and Romansbelong to ___________________(哪个语系).25.The Roman Law, to some extent, protected the rights of______________.26.With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, there came______________(什么时代) lasting one thousand years.27._____________’s (whose) “Prometheus Bound”is aparody adapted by _______________ (he wrote “Prometheus Unbound”).28.Freud put forward _________________ based on thework, “Oedipus the King ” written by _____________. 29.The _________ was one of the similarities shared byGreeks and Romans as far as politics is concerned.30.__________’s (whose) political speeches and discoursesare the model of Latin diction.31.The largest amphitheatre in ancient Rome is known as______________.32.________ established the atomic theory.33.________ believed fire to be the primary element of theuniverse.34.________ established the dialectical method.35.________ was the founder of scientific mathematics.36.The humanistic ideas can be traced back to ___(the nameof a philosopher).37.“The master of those who know” was written by Dante topraise ___________ (the name of a philosopher).38.Zeno的介绍II.名词解释democracy of ancient Greece Pax Romana Doric StyleIonic Style the Sophists the Cynics the Scepticsthe Epicureans the Stoics Academy LyceumIII.简答与论述题：1．三种问法：What is the limitation of “Democracy” in ancientGreece?How do you understan d “Democracy” in ancientGreece?What is the difference between “Democracy” in ancientGreece and modern democracy?2.How did the Greek Culture originate and develop?3.How did the ancient Greek philosophy develop?4.How did the ancient Greek science develop?5.What is the difference between Plato and Aristotle interms of their philosophical ideas?Or What is the difference between Plato and Aristotle interms of their philosophical system?6.What is the great significance of Greek Culture on thelater-on cultural development?Or What positive influence did the Greek Culture exerton the world civilization?7.What are difference and similarity between Greekculture and Roman culture?8.How did Roman culture originate and develop?9.How was Roman Empire disintegrated?10.What styles can Greek architecture be classified into?Or How does Greek architecture take different styles?11.Explain Pax Romana.12.What contribution did the Roman make to the rule oflaw?Division TwoI.special Terms Explanation:the Hebrews the Old Testament the New TestamentPentateuch Genesis Exodus Prophets the Book ofDaniel the Historical BookII.有可能出填空，选择题及判断题的内容：1.Judaism and Christianity are closely related because__________________________________.2.The ancestors of the Jews are ________________, whichmeans ___________ in English.3.The history of the Hebrew people is recorded in__________________ of the Bible.4.The Hebrew people came to settle down in Palestine, knownas _____________ at the time.5.The Old Testament is about_____________________, and“Testament” means _______________________________.6.The New Testament is about _______________________.7.The oldest and most important part of the Old Testament iscalled _______________ or ____________.8.It was ______________ who brought Hebrew people safelyback to Palestine.9.It was ______________who united Hebrews.10.It was ______________who had Jerusalem established aspolitical and religious capital.11.The former church in 6th century B.C. is called_______________.12.Pentateuch is also called __________________.13._______________ made Christianity legal, as he issued_____________________ in 313.14.In 392, Emperor _______________made Christianity officialreligion.15.By 300, each local church is called ______________with itsfulltime leader, known as _____________________.16.Several parishes were grounded together into a large unitcalled _______________, which were headed by a_____________.17.The Last Supper is recorded in __________________, andwas put into painting by __________________.18.The Cruxifixion is recorded in _____________________.19.The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament isknown as _________________.20.The most extant Latin version of the whole Bible is_______________________ which became the official Bibleof the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.21.The first English version of the whole Bible was translatedby _________________.22.The most important and influential of English Bible is_______________ or _______________________________.23._____________________ and _______________________are called two great reservoirs of Modern English.24.The development of system of landed nobles is recorded in_________________ of the Old Testament.25._________________ deals with the history of the Hebrewpeople from their entry into Palestine around 1200B.C. tillthe fall of Palestine into hands of Assyrians and Chaldeans in586 B.C.26.The New Testament contains _______ (how many) accountswhich tell about the beginning of Christianity.III.论述题：1．三种问法：How did Christianity come into being and develop inEurope?How did Christianity become the official religion ofRoman Empire?How did the relations between Christians and theRoman government change?2．What are the different translation editions of the Bible?3．Why do we say the Bible has shaped western culture more decisively than anything else ever written?4．What are the great influences that the English Bible has on the American and British literature?Division ThreeI.Special Terms Explanation:Age of Faith Feudalism Manor/castle Code of ChivalryMonasticism The Crusades Carolingian RenaissanceScholasticism National Epics Vernacular LanguageGothic Architectural Style the Canterbury TalesII.有可能出选择题，填空与判断题的内容：1．The Middle Ages is also called______________________, __________________ and ____________________________.(考试中，会任选其中一种说法作为选择题来考) 2．The Middle Ages is the period in which three cultures were merged: _____________________, _________________and_____________________________, respectively referring to_____________________________, ____________________and _____________________________.3．Western Roman Empire was overthrown in __________(year).4．__________________(who) gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their services in 732.5．____________________ (who) can be vassals.6．____________________ (when) was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in western Europe.7．People in the western Europe in the Middle Ages were divided into three classes: _____________, _______________ and_________________________.8．Between ______________ century and ________________ century, western Europe was the scene of frequent wars. 9．Feudalism comes from the Latin word, ________________, which means ______________________ in Latin. 10．Knight trained for war by fighting each other in mock battles called ____________________.11．Roger Bacon was one of the earliest advocates of _________________, calling for _________________ and_________________.12．_____________(which tribe) swept into Europe from central Asia in the latter part of fourth century, robbing and killing alarge number of the half civilized Germanic tribes. 13．Those who devoted their lands to large-land owners in return for protection, but still had their own freedom were called________________.14．Those who came form cities or towns and devoted their freedom to large-land owners in return for protection werecalled ________________.15．Roman Catholic Church was divided into five classes: _____________, ________________, ______________,_________________ and __________________.16．Opus Maius was written by _____________________. 17．In Roman Catholic Church, “Catholic” means ____________. 18．The monk, St. Benedict founded _______________________ in about 529 A.D.19．In the Middle Ages, the Church even set up their own court called _____________________________.20．In the National Epics, vernacular languages meant _____________________________ with representative works:____________________in early English and _____________in early French.21．In the Divine Comedy, Dante expressed ________________ ideas and foreshadowed the spirit of _________________. 22．Chaucer was regarded as the first _________________ and the first _____________________ with his famous work_____________________, as the representative of______________(英语的哪个发展时期)23. In 1054, Christianity was divided into _____________and___________________________.24．The Middle Ages is a transitional period between ___________ times and ____________.25. The ceremony to grant the title “knight” is called ___________.26. ________________ translated the Old and New Testamentsfrom Hebrew and Greek originals into Latin. His translationwork, _______________, became the official Latin Bible usedby Roman Catholic Church of this day.27. “The Confession” and “the City of the God” were written by___________________.28. Since _____________ (哪个历史事件)，Arabic numerals andalgebra were introduced into Europe.29. The mock battles for knight training are known as __________.30. ___________ paved the way for Modern English.31. The language used by Chaucer was _________________.III.间答与论述题：1．Why is the Middle Ages called Age of Faith?Or Why do we say the Middle Ages is a religious age?2．How did feudalism derive and develop in the Middle Ages?Or How did feudalism establish its firm ruling position in Europe?3．What is the great power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in the Middle Ages?4．What positive influence does the Crusades exert on the European Culture?Or What is the great significance of the Crusades?5. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages?6.How did literature develop in the Middle Ages?7.What is the importance of using vernacular languages in theMedieval Time?8.What is the difference between the vernacular languagesused in the National Epics during the Middle Ages and thevernacular language used by Mark Twain?9.What was the merit shared by Charlemagne and Alfred theGreat?10.How did the English Language develop and what is therepresentation of each stage?Or What stages did the English Language undergo?11.Why do we say using of vernacular languages in the MiddleAges signifies a transition?Division FourI.Special Terms Explanation:Renaissance Renaissance Art ReformationCounter-Reformation Calvinism the JesuitsProtestantismII.有可能出填空，选择与判断题的内容：1.During Renaissance, humanist thinkers and scholarsintroduced new ideas that expressed the interests of__________________.2.Renaissance stared in ___________ and ______________with the flowering of painting, sculpture and architecture.3.At the heart of Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of_____________________which is also the core ofhumanism.4.Many of Petrarch’s ________________ are written for Laura.5.The most representative painter of humanism was________________________ with his famous painting work____________________ and _______________.6.The statesman, ____________________ of Italy in theRenaissance period has greatly influenced the politicalscience in the west, called “Father of Western PoliticalScience”.7.Under the reign of ______________________, Englishbegan to embark on the road to colonization and foreign control that was to take it onto its heyday of capitalist development.8.________________ is the birth place of Renaissance.9.Madonna was _______________ (什么性质的油画)，paintedby _________________.10.Man with the Glove was painted by __________________.11.Calvinism insisted on constructing a type of governmentknown as ______________________________.12.After Reformation, in England a new form of church wasestablished known as _______________ or _____________.13.During Counter-Reformation, __________________(教派名称) was devoted to defending the Roman Catholic Church with its head, _____________________(首领名字).14.______________ stressed hard work and thrifty way of life.15.Montaigne was a French humanist known for his___________.16.The representative author of Renaissance in Spain was______________________ with his famous literary work, _____________________ with which the European novel entered a new stage17.The most representative author and humanist duringRenaissance in England was ________________________, and his four great tragedies are respectively ____________________,________________________,______________________and______________________ 18.Columbus was the discoverer of ____________________in1492.19.______________ discovered the Cape of Good Hope in1487.20.______________ discovered the route to India round theCape of Good Hope between 1497 and 1498.21.America was named in ______________(whose) honor.22.__________________________put forward revolutionaryideas in astronomy during the Middle Ages, and his theorywas __________________________ proved later by_______________________and _______________________in 17th century.23.As you like it and Twelfth Night are two comedies written by________________.24.The idea that only those specially elected by God are savedwas advocated by ___________(school).25.It was during the reign of _________(whom) that the EnglishBible was adopted by the Church of England.26.The idea that the Bible was the supreme authority and manwas only bound to the law of the world of the God was putforward by _____________(whom).27.During Renaissance, __________(whom) preached in CzechLanguage.28.During Renaissance, With the reign of ___________(whom)England began to embark on the road to _____________ andforeign control.29.William Shakespeare, _________________, Thomas Moreand __________________ were humanist scholars duringRenaissance.30.David is a sculpture done by _____________.III.论述题：1．Why did Renaissance first begin in Italy?2．Why did Renaissance decline in Italy in the end?3.What is Renaissance Art ? What are the characteristicsand features of Renaissance Art?4.How did Reformation develop? (即：发展的四个阶段)5.How did capitalism come into being and develop?Or What are the propositions for Capitalism to rise?6.What is the great significance of Reformation?What are the great influences of Reformation?7.Why did England come later than other countries duringthe Renaissance but reach its climax in England? In whatway was English Renaissance different from that of othercountries?8.What type of culture did Renaissance create?9.What is the great significance of Reformation?10.What are the great geographical discoveries (or ofnavigation) in the Middle Ages?11.From what was the English essay derived?Division FiveI.Special Terms Explanation:Francis Bacon’s practical philosophyDeductive methodInductive methodThe Great InstaurationThomas Hobbes’ Social ContractJohn Lock’s Social Contractthe Natural State of Warthe Laws of NatureThe English Revolution (the English Bourgeoisie Revolution)Descartes’ Theory of KnowledgeDescartes’ DualismFrench ClassicismBaroque ArtII.有可能出填空，选择题与判断题的内容：1．_______________ century was the transitional period fromthe Middle Ages to the Modern Times.2. The Modern World begins in __________(century).3. ________________ and _________________proved thatCopernicus’ heliocentric theory is t rue.4. There is the first breakthrough in __________and________________ in the 17th century.5. There was a profound change in the conception of men’splace in the universe in ___________(century).6. _________ looks at men’s position in the universe in a newway.7. Kepler was well known for his discovery of ___________.8. Newton discovered the theory of _________________, and he also invented the method called ___________________.9. ____________ distinguishes three levels of understanding: _______________, _____________________ and _______ _________________.6. ____________________ psychology and ______________ physics originated from Leibniz.7. In December, 1689, __________________________ was enacted by the English Parliament.8. After the English Revolution, _____________________(制度) was established in the Great Britain.9. The event that took place in 1688 in the Great Britain was called ________________.10.The men of the action and the leader in the English Revolution were _____________ and _____________, and the man of thought with his famous literary work _______.11. ____________________ was the representative author of French Classicism.12.The representative painter of Baroque Art was __________ with his famous painting work _______________________ and _____________________.13. ____________________ was the representative painter of Dutch Protestant Art.14. The law of falling bodies is established by __________.15.The importance of acceleration in dynamics is discoveredby ___________.16.__________ sated that there should be a common poweror a government backed by force able to punish.17. __________ believed that government was not createdby God, but by men themselves.18. _________ believed that sensation and reflection makeup experience.19. Paradise Lost was written by ____________, who wasthe man of ___________ in the English Revolution. 20. The Calling of St. Mathew and The Cardsharps werepainted by ______________, which belong to _________________(哪种艺术流派).21. “I doubt, therefore I think: I think, therefore I am.” wasput forward by ______________, which belongs to _______________________(什么理论).22. Both idealism and materialism are included in _______’_______________(谁的，什么理论).23. By the end of 16th century, _______________ had spreadto England. As a result, _______________was staredin England.III.论述题：1.Why do we say the 17th century was a transitional periodfrom the Middle Ages to the Modern World?2.How did science develop in the 17th century?3.What are the two merits shared by the Great Scientists of the17th century?What are the similarities among the 17th -century scientists?4.What is Baconian Materialism?5.What is the difference between Thomas Hobbes and JohnLock in terms of their social contract?6.How many stages did the English Revolution undergo?7.What is the great significance of the English Revolution?8.What is French Classicism? What are the characteristics?9.How did Lock justify rebellion against government?10. What are the causes of the English Revolution?。

《欧洲文化入门》第一部分试题I. Choose the most appropriate one for the following blanks.1 . Two maj or elements in European culture are ____.A. the Greek and RomanB. the Judaism and ChristianityC. the Greco-RomanD. A and B2. ____ deals with the Troj an War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy ).A. The OdysseyB. The IliadC. Prometheus BoundD. Persians3. The play Prometheus Bound was written by _____.A. AeschylusB. AristophanesC. EuripidesD. Sophocles4. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was ____ , who is Father of Comedy.A. EuripidesB. AristophanesC. SophoclesD. Aeschylus5. ____ was one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory.A. HomeB. HeracleitueC. DemocritusD. Socrates6, ____by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets.A. DialoguesB. The ApologyC. The RepublicD. Symposium7. Dante called ____ “ the master of those who know”.A, Aristotle B. Plato C. Socrates D. Archimedes8. Euclid is even now well-known for his ____.A. ElementsB. PoeticsC. EthicsD. Politics9. ____ has been a big subj ect for discussion among writers and artists.A, Discus Thrower B, Venus de MiloC, Laocoon group D, Parthenon1 0. Herodotus , Father of History, wrote about the war between ____ .A. Athens and SpartaB. Athens and SyracuseC. Athens and PersiansD. Greeks and Persians11 . It is _____ who was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagoras1 2. Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of ____ in 27 B. C. .A. RomeB. AugustusC. The Roman EmpireD. Pax Romana1 3. The great epic, The Aeneid, was written by _____.A. LucretiusB. VirgilC. Julius CaesarD. Cicero1 4. The oldest and most important of the Old Testament of 39 books are the first five books, called ____.A. DeuteronomyB. ExodusC. the PentateuchD. Genesis1 5. In ____ the Jews were carried away into the Babylonian Captivity(巴比伦之囚).A. 1 69B.C. B. 586 B. C. C. 536 B. C. D, 721 B. C.1 6. The most important and influential of English Bible is ____, first published in 1 611 .A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff’s versionD. Authorized version11 7. ____ is the oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament.A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff’s versionD. Authorized version1 8. It is generally accepted that ____ and Shakespeare are two great reserviors of Modern English.A. the BibleB. the English BibleC. the New TestamentD. the Old Testament1 9. The Middle Ages is a period in which _____ , _____ and Gothic heritages merged.A. Greco-Roman, ChristianityB. classical, ChristianC. Greek, RomanD. classical, Hebrew20. The centre of medieval life under feudalism was _____.A. knighthoodB. the manorC. the ChurchD. polis21 . In 1 054, the Christian Church was divided into ____ and the Eastern Orthodox Church.A. ChristianityB. the Roman ChurchC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Western Catholic22. _____ by Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology.A. Summa TheologicaB. Summa Contra GentilesC. Opus maiusD. Beowulf23. The Anglo-Saxon epic ____ originated from the collective effort of oral literature.A. Song of RolandB. the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.C. BeowulfD. the Divine Comedy24. Generally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between ____.centuries《欧洲文化入门》重点归纳1、There are many elements constituting(组成) European Culture.2、There are two major elements: Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element.3、The richness(丰富性) of European Culture was created by Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element.第一章1、The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.2、The economy of Athens rested on(依赖) an immense（无限的）amount of slave labour.3、Olympus mount, Revived in 1896(当代奥运会)4、Ancient Greece(古希腊)’s epics was created by Homer.5、They events of Homer’s own time. (错)（They are not about events of Ho mer’s own time, probably in the period 1200-1100 B.C.）6、The Homer’s epics consisted of Iliad and Odyssey.7、Agamemnon, Hector, Achilles are in Iliad.8、Odysseus and Penelope are in Odyssey.9、Odyssey(对其作品产生影响)—→James Joyoe’s Ulysses(描述一天的生活). In the 20th century.10、Drama in Ancient Greece was floured in the 5th century B.C.11、三大悲剧大师① Aeschylus《Prometheus Bound》—→模仿式作品Shelly《Prometheus Unbound》② Sophocles(之首)《Oedipus the King》—→ Freud’s “the Oedipus complex” (恋母情结) —→ David Herbert Lawrence’s《Sons and lovers》(劳伦斯)447页③ EuripidesA．《Trojan Women》B．He is the first writer of “problem plays”(社会问题剧)在肖伯纳手中达到高潮，属于存在主义戏剧的人物C．Elizabeth Browning called him “Euripides human”(一个纯粹的人)D．Realism can be traced back(追溯到) to the Ancient Greece.To be specific(具体来说), Euripides.12、The only representative of Greek comedy is Aristophanes. 18页Aristophanes writes about nature. —→浪漫主义湖畔派（The lakers）华兹华兹(新古典主义代表作家《格列夫游记》《大人国小人国》《温和的提议》用讽刺的写作手法)13、History (Historical writing)史学创作※ “Father of History” —→ Herodotu s —→ war(between Greeks and Persians)This war is called Peleponicion wars. 博罗奔泥撒，3只是陈述史实，并没有得出理论。

作业1．第1题The Council of Constance markedA.the largest religious gathering of the Late Middle Ages.B.the end of the Western Schism.C.the success in dealing with the problems of heresy.D.the success in dealing with the problems of the church reform.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题Which form of literature was unpopular in the medieval Islamic world?A.poetryB.proseC.historyD.drama您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题All the following statements featured the Capetian kings of France,EXCEPTA.The Capetian kings established strong royal power by conquest, asWilliam had done in EnglandB.They kept the support of the popes by defending the Christian faithand by going on crusades.C.They carefully defined the powers of their officials and closelysupervised them, while using church officials as administratorsD.They developed Paris as both a trading center and a royal capital您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题It was during the ____ that the Romans were defeated by the famous Carthaginian general Hannibal.A.the 1st Punic WarB.the 2nd Punic WarC.the 3rd Punic WarD.the 4th Punic War您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题What is the Central Middle Ages also called?A.“Age of Art”B.“Age of History”C.“Age of Faith”D.“ Age of Science”您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第13题The Hundred Years’ War arose from the following causes, EXCEPT,A.The territorial disputes between England and France.B.The clash of economic interest in Flanders.C.Famine, plague, economic turmoil, social upheaval.D.The dispute over the French royal succession.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第14题All of the following statements about slavery in Roman society are true EXCEPT____.A.Wars provided the Romans with many new slaves.B.Slavery was a highly productive economic system.C.The offspring of slaves would automatically be slaves.D.Like in Sparta, slaves in Rome were public goods.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第15题Which description of the traditional Greek religion is incorrect?A.Ancient Greeks believed that the gods have human forms and human personality.B.For the Greeks, the gods only favored those people and states that honored them.C.In ancient Greece, the main religious ceremony took place inside the temple.D.Oracles also played an important part in the Greek religion and beliefs.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第16题The Black Death struck a serious blow to the Catholic Church in the following ways, EXCEPTA.The Church failed to explain why God willed this awful punishment on His followers.B.Many clergy stuck to their Christian duties and died.C.There was a severe shortage of clergy.D.Church was unable to cure the plague victims.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.010．第17题Concerning the economy of the Byzantine Empire, Islamic Empire and western Europe during the Middle Ages, which statement is NOT true?A.Byzantine had the most powerful economy in the world before the 7th century.B.Islamic economy in the 7th century was already very prosperous.C.Islamic Empire had the world’s leading economy during the mid-8th and mid-13th century.D.Western Europe overtook Byzantine in economy in the late Middle Ages.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.011．第18题Which of the following reform measures resulted in the moral decline of the Romans?A.limiting the amount of land owned by individual citizensB.selling grain at a low price to citizensC.distributing public land to landless citizensD.cutting down land taxes or rent您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.012．第19题Which one of the following statements about the Black Death is NOT true?A.It is estimated to have killed 30% –60% of Europe’s population.B.The death rate in some larger cities in Italy may have been as high as 60 percent.C.In northern France, villages suffered mortality rates of 30 percent, and cities experienced losses as high as 40 percent.D.Death caused by the Black Death worsened the situation of surviving peasants and laborers.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.013．第20题Which one of the following statements about the Code of Hammurabi was NOT true?A.The Code helped Hammurabi consolidate his rule in the Mesopotamia.B.The Code was based on the principle of retaliation.C.Everyone received equal punishment for the same crime committed.D.The Code was written in the Akhadian language.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.014．第21题Britain was turned into a Roman province in ________.A.the 1st centuryB.C.B.the 1st centuryC.the 2nd centuryD.the 3rd century.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.015．第22题Which of the following is true about the central argument of the Ninety-Five Theses?A.The Ninety-Five Theses marks the beginning of the Reformation.B.It was an effort to draw attention to the corruption of the Church.C.Repentance has the same power of the pope to forgive sins.D.The sale of indulgences went against the true spirit of Christianity.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.016．第30题Which one of the following statements was NOT a factor that brought about the agricultural growth during the Central Middle Ages?A.The climate improved and the temperature was higher.B.More lands were under cultivated.C.Farming technology improved greatly.D.The food price dropped drastically.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.017．第31题Three of the following statements are true with the early experience of Christianity. Which one is the exception?A.Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.B.Christianity was not the official religion of the Roman Empire until the 4th century.C.Christianity spread in the cities of the empire, first in the east and later in the west.D.It was Constantine’s toleration for all religions that brought new life to Christianity.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.018．第32题Which of the following statements about art in the Central Middle Ages is NOT true?A.Architecture was the foremost art form.B.Schools were the primary focus of architectural endeavors.C.Architecture integrated all the visual arts in presentations ofChristianity’s rich symbolic and spiritual values.D.Other arts were used to decorate churches with sculpture and painting, woodcarving and metalwork, and stained glass.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.019．第33题Which factor directly resulted in the first great split in Christianity in 1054?A.The rulers of most European peoples adopted Christianity for themselves and their subjectsB.The invasions from Vikings and Magyars not only destroyed many churches and monasteries but also greatly damaged the church institutionsC.There were few schools to train clergy, and many church officers were shallow and incompetentD.Pope Leo IX asserted the supreme authority of the papacy and clashed with the Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.020．第34题Which one does NOT indicate that Euripides was the most revolutionary dramatist in ancient Greece?A.His creation of less heroic and more realistic characters.B.His sharp criticism of conventional values.C.His view of the human soul as a place where opposing forces struggle.D.His use of graceful language and perfect form.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.021．第35题Which of the following is NOT true about Emperor Constantine the Great?A.He concentrated power in his own hands.B.He made Christianity the state religion.C.He abandoned Rome as the imperial capital.D.He tolerated all religions in the Roman Empire.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.022．第36题The following statements about the English Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 are true EXCEPT ______.A.It accomplished its objectives.B.It received help from members of the noble classesC.It succeeded in showing the nobles what peasants were capable of when dissatisfied.D.It marked the beginning of the end of serfdom in medieval England.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.023．第37题Alcuin established ______ as the basis for education during the Carolingian renaissance.A.the Carolingian minusculeB.trivium and quadriviumC.medieval LatinD.biblical texts您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.024．第38题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was significant in that it __.A.really weakened the power of the churchB.spoke for the common peopleC.really weakened the power of the kingD.spoke for the nobles您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.025．第39题Luther further explained his doctrine of faith and justification in ______________.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.026．第46题In the Early Middle Ages, the Roman Church and the Eastern Church were divided over the following issues EXCEPT for ______.A.IconoclasmB.official languageC.explanation of the Holy SpiritD.baptism您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.027．第47题What was the main difference between serfs and slaves in Western Europe?A.the amount of personal libertyB.the hereditary personal statusC.the military protection provided by the lordD.the obligation to work on the land您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.028．第48题Which description of the Hellenistic civilization is incorrect?A.It was a cosmopolitan and open culture.B.It was a mixture of Greek and Oriental cultures.C.It helped to popularize Greek thinking and life styles.D.Its commercial, cultural and intellectual centre was Athens.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.029．第49题Compared with Italian Renaissance, Northern Renaissance had the following distinctive features except for ______.A.strong national flavorB.great religious concernC.influence of classicismD.belief in Christian humanism题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.030．第50题What were the three classes of people in the Central Middle Ages?A.Pope, peasants and noblesB.kings, lords and monksC.clergy, lords and peasantsD.warriors, peasants and priest您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.031．第6题Martin Luther first expressed his idea of reforming the Church by criticizing the sale of indulgences.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.032．第7题After Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century, all other religious beliefs disappeared.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.033．第8题An important product of vernacular romance literature was the Romance of the Rose.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.034．第9题What really triggered off the English Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 was an attempt to collect a new type of national tax to pay for the failing war with France.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.035．第10题Ptolemy’s geocentric theory remained very popular in Europe for centuries.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.036．第11题All Egyptian gods have a human body and an animal head.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第12题It was only in the 16th century that the Church of Rome’s monopoly began to meet the challenge for religious reform.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.038．第23题Florence was the major centre of the High Renaissance Art at the early 16th century.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.039．第24题The Vikings originated from the Scandinavian Peninsula and included Danes, Norwegians, Swedes and Magyars.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.040．第25题Muhammad was not only a prophet, but also a political and military leader.您的答案：正确此题得分：2.041．第26题The Italian Renaissance was largely credited to the economic success in Italy at that time.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.042．第27题In the Roman Empire, a foreign soldier could earn citizenship through his military service.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.043．第28题Mount Olympus is the highest point in Greece and home of the mythical Greek gods. ？您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.044．第29题Reading of the Bible and his theological teaching made clearer Luther’s idea about the malpractices of the Church.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第40题Romance combined features of both vernacular epic and vernacular lyric.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.046．第41题It was the Sumerians who first started systematic agriculture.您的答案：正确此题得分：2.047．第42题Before the Carolingian renaissance, cultural and educational standards in Western Europe had already surpassed those of the Byzantine Empire or Muslim world.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第43题During the period of the Five Good Emperors, smooth hereditary succession guaranteed political stability.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第44题Similar to all ancient agricultural societies, ancient Egyptians also divided a year into four seasons.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第45题The Minoan civilization is often regarded as the first advanced civilization of Europe.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0作业总得分：90.0作业总批注：。

《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案(总21页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案第一章填空题：1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element. Greco-Roman Judeo-Christian2. The Homer’s epics consisted of_________. Iliad and Odyssey3. ________ is the first writer of “problem plays”. Euripides4. __________ is called “Father of History”. Herodotus5. ________is the greatest historian that ever lived. Thucydides6. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to ________. 27 .7. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is a famous saying by _______. Julius Caesar8. The representation form of Greek Democracy is __________. citizen-assembly.判断题1. Euclid says “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”. (×) Archimedes2. Herodo tus’s historical writing is on the war between Anthens and Sparta. (×) Greeks and Persians名词解释：1. Pax Romana答：In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana2. “Democracy” in ancient Greece答： 1）Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens.2） Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy. 论述题：1. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop1) Probably around 1200 ., a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics.2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century .A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century.B. The establishment of democracy.C. The flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens.3)The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.4) In the second half of the 4th century ., Greece was conquered by Alexander, king of Macedon. Whenever he wentand conquered, whenever Greek culture was found.5) Melting between Greek culture and Roman culture in 146 ., the Romans conquered Greece.2. What is the great significance of Greek Culture on the later-on cultural development答： There has been an enduring excitement about classical Greekculture in Europe and elsewhere Rediscovery of Greek culture played avital part in the Renaissance in Italy and other European countries.1) Spirit of innovationThe Greek people invented mathematics and science and philosophy; They first wrote history as opposed to mere annals; They speculatedfreely about the nature of the world and the ends of life, without being bound in the fetters ofany inherited orthodoxy.2) Supreme AchievementThe Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of human endeavour: Philosophy, science, epic poetry, comedy, historical writing, architecture, etc.3) Lasting effectA. Countless writers have quoted, borrowed from and otherwise used Homer’s epics, the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles and Euripides, Aristophanes’s comedies, Plato’s Dialogues,ect.B. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets expressed their admiration of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics: Byron’s Isles of Greece, Shelley’s Hellas and Prometheus Unbound and Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.C. In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.3. What is the similarity and difference between Greek culture and Romanculture答：1) similarities:A. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly.B. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified, and their myths to be fused.C. Their languages worked in similar ways, both being members of the Indo-European language family.2) differences:A. The Romans built up a vast empire; the Greeks didn’t, except for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests, which soon disintegrated.B. The Romans were confident in their own organizational power, their military and administrative capabilities.4. What is the Rome historical background答：1) The history of Rome divided into two periods: Before the year 27 ., Rome had been a republic; from the year 27 ., Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus and Roman Empire began.2) Two centuries later, the Roman Empire reached its climax, marked by land a rea’s extension: Encircling the Mediterranean.3) Strong military power: the famous Roman legions.4) In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions,it was known as Pax Romana.5) Another important contribution made by the Romans to European culture was Roman Law.6) The empire began to decline in the 3rd century.A. In the 4th century the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to it Constantinople (modern Istanbul).B. After 395, the empire was divided into East (The Byzantine Empire) and WestC. In 476 the last emperor of the West was deposed by Goths and this marked the end of the West Roman Empire.D. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.第二章填空题：1. ___________is by far the most influential in the West. Christianity2. The Hebrews history was recorded in _________of the Bible. the Old Testament3. The New Testament is about _________. the doctrine of Jesus Christ4. The story about God’s f looding to the human being and only good-virtue being saved was recorded in Genesis,Pentateuch, the Old Testament, the Bible, which was known as _________. Noah’s Ark.5. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in ________. Matthew6. The story about Jesus being pinned in the cross to death was known as_________. The Last Supper.7. The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the LatinVulgate in 1382 and was copied out by handby the early group of reformers led by _________. John Wycliff.名词解释:1. The Old TestamentThe Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God. The word “Testament” means “agreement”, the agreement between God and Man.2. PentateuchThe Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.3. GenesisGenesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious account of the origin of the Hebrews people, including the origin of the world and of man, the career of Issac and the life of Jacob and his son Joseph.4. ExodusExodus is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religioushistory of the Hebrews during their flight from Egypt, the period when they began to receive God’s Law. Joshua brought the people safely back toCanaan.5. The Book of DanielThe Book of Daniel belongs to The Old Testament of the Bible. Ittells about the Hebrews being carried away into Babylon.论述简答题：1. What are the beliefs of Christianity答： Christianity based itself on two forceful beliefs which separate it fromall other religions.1）One is that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that God sent him to earth to live as humans live, suffer as humans suffer, and die to redeem mankind.2）The other is that God gave his only begotten son , so that whosoeverbelieves in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.2. What are the different translation editions of the Bible答：1)The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint. And it is still in use in the Greek Church today. But it only translated the Old Testament.2) The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition, which was done in 385-405 . By St. Jerome in common people’s language. It became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.3) The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the LatinVulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers ledby John Wycliff.4) After John Wycliff’s version, appeared William Tyndale’s version. I t was based on the original Hebrew and Greek sources.5) The Great Bible ordered by Henry Ⅷ in 1539 to be placed in all the English churches was in part founded on Tyndale’s work.6) The most important and influential of English B ible is the “Authorized” or “King James” version, first published in 1611. It was produced by 54 biblical scholars at the command of King James. With its simple, majestic Anglo-Saxon tongue, it is known as the greatest book in the English languages.7) The Revised Version appeared in 1885, and the standard American edition ofthe Revised Version in 1901.8) The Good News Bible and the New English Bible.3. What is the great significance of the translations of the bible答：1) It is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.2) Miltion’s Paradise Lost, Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Byron’s Cain, up to the contemporary Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, and Steinbeck’s East of Eden. They are not influenced without the effect of the Bible.第三章填空题：1. In _______ a Germanic (日耳曼) general killed the last Roman emperor and took control of the government. 4762. After 1054, the church was divided into _________ and _______. the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.3. _______ is the one who translated into Latin both Old and New Testament from the Hebrew and Greek originals. St. Jerome4. ______introduced French and Italy writing the English native alliterative verse.5. Both ___________are the best representative of the middle English. Chaucerand The Canterbury Tales6. _________ paved the way for the development of what is the present-day European culture. the Middel Ages名词解释1. the Middle agesIn European history, the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific, from the 5th century to 15th century.2. FeudalismFeudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding— a system of holding land in exchange for military service. The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin “feudum”, a grant of land.3. The ManorThe centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manorswere founded on the fiefs of the lords. By the twelfth century manor houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles.4. Carolingian RenaissanceCarolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.5. Gothic1) The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of Western Europe.2) It lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas,into the 16th. More churches were built in this manner than in any other stylein history.3) The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque.论述简答题：1. Why is the middle ages is called Age of Faith答：1) During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.2) The Christian church continued to gain widespread power and influence.3) In the Late middle ages, almost everyone in western Europe wasa Christian and a member of the Christian Church. Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learningfor hundreds of years.4) It shaped people’s lives. That is why the middle ages is also called the “Age of Faith”.2. What is the great significance of the Crusades答：1) The crusades brought the East into closer contact with the West. And they greatly influenced the history of Europe.2) During the wars while many of the feudal lords went to fight in Palestine, kings at home found opportunities to strengthen themselves. Thus among other things, Crusades helped to break down feudalism, which, in turn led to the rise of the monarchies.3) Besides, through their contact with the more cultured Byzantinesand Moslems, the western Europeans changed many of their old ideas. Their desire for wealth or power began to overshadow their religious ideals.4) The Crusades also resulted in renewing people’s interest in le arning and invention. By the 13th century, universities had spread all over Europe. Such knowledge as Arabic numerals, algebra , and Arab medicine were introduced to the West.5) As trade increased, village and towns began to grow into cities. And the rise of towns and trade in western Europe paved the way of the growth of strong national governments.3. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages答：1) Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance:A. He was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the pope in 800.B. Carolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.2) Alfred the Great and Wessex Centre of Learning:A. He promoted translations into the vernacular from Latin works.B. He also inspired the compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.3) St. Thomas Aquinas and Scholasticism:4) Roger Bacon and Experimental Science:A. Roger Bacon, a monk, was one of the earliest advocates of scientific research.B. He called for careful observation and experimentation. His main work was the Opus maius.4. How did literature develop in the middle ages答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in verna cular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting pointof a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) Dante Alighieri and The Divine Comedy:A. His masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature.B. The poem expresses humanistic ideas which foreshadowed the spirit of Renaissance.C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian rather than in Latin.3) Geoffery Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales:A. The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work.B. Most of the tales are written in verse which reflects Chaucer’s innovationby introducing into the native alliterativeverse the French and Italian styles.C. Chaucer is thus to be , regarded as the first short story teller and thefirst modern poet in English literature.D. Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales were representative of the Middle ages.5. What is the difference between the vernacular language used in the National epics and the vernacular language used by Mark twain答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages.Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting pointof a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) The vernacular language used by Mark twain refers to both local and colloq language used in the Mississippi area, with a strong characteristic of that region. Mark twain used vernacular language not only in dialogue, but also in narration.3) His representative works Life on the Mississippi.6. What were the power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in theMedieval times1) With a highly centralized and disciplined international organization from priests to Pope, the Roman Catholic Church seemed to be the only unity across the western Europe of the Medieval times. It developed a civilization based on Christianity and helped to preserve and pass on the heritage of the classical cultures by the official language of Latin.2) with the Pope as the supreme head of all the Christian Churchesof the western Europe, the Catholic (meaning universal) church received heavy taxes from lay people and various supports from nobles and kings. Church could remove any opponents political rights or even emperors,with the powerful symbol of the Inquisition, the Church court to punish heresy.3) The Medieval Church was the center of the Europeans’ daily life and almost everyone became a member of theChurch. People turned to the Church for comfort and spiritual guidance; the Church also was the center of holy communion, recreation, trade and communal activity.4) Clergy then was the only literate class, so kings and nobles used them to implement important secular governmental duties.5) The Church took the lead in politics, law, art, and learning throughout the “Age of Faith”. For example, Romanesque and Gothic arts were predominantly religious; in learning, it influenced greatly the western thinking with the monks’ work on copying and translating ancient books, the ChurchFathers’ philosop hy, Monasticism, Scholasticism and Experimental science.6) originally for regaining the holy city of Jerusalem, the Church launched 200-year Crusades, which helped to bread down feudalism and enhanced the cultural contact between the West and the East.第四章填空题：1. Renaissance started in ________ and ________ with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture. Florence and Venice.2. In Renaissance literature of Italy, _______ was the representative poet. Petrarch3. At the heart of the Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of _________. the greatness of man.4. The idea of the greatness of man is reflected in __________ literature. Shakespeare’s5. The national religion established after reformation in England was called _______. The church of England or The Anglican Church.6. It was under the reign of _______ that reformation was successful in England. Henry Ⅷ.7. Montaigne was a French humanist known for his _______. “Essais”(Essays).8. The representative novelist of Renaissance in Spain was __________ with his famous work_______, which marked European culture entry into a new stage. Cervantes Don Quixote9. The Venus of Urbino is ___________ works. Titian10. _______ translated the whole Bible with the vernacular language. Martin Luther名词解释:1. RenaissanceGenerally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. The word “Renaissance” means revival, specifically in this period of history, revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance, in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.2. ReformationThe Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It began as Martin Luther posted on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 thesis. This movement which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed atopposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The reformists engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues.3. Counter-ReformationBy late 1520 the Roman Catholic Church had lost its control overthe church in Germany. The Roman Catholic Church did not stay idle. They mustered their forces, the dedicated Catholic groups, to examine the Church institutions and introduce reforms and improvements, to bring back its vitality. This recovery of power is often called by historiansthe Counter-Reformation.论述简答题：1. What are the Geographical Discoveries in the Renaissance答：The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of 1600 the surface of the known earth was doubled.1)Columbus: Columbus discovered the land of America. On his fourth voyage he explored the coast of Central America.2)Dias: Dias was a Portuguese navigator who discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1487.3)Da Gama: Gama was a Portuguese navigator, who discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope between the years of 1497 and 1498.4)Amerig：Amerigo was the Italian navigator on whose honour America was named. His discovered and explored the mouth of the Amazon and accepted South Americaas a new continent.2. What positive influence does the reformation exert on world culture答:1)The Roman Catholic Church was never the international court to which all rulers and states were to be morally responsible for.2)Economically, peasants all over Europe had no need to pay a good amount oftheir gains to the Pope.3)In educational and cultural matters, the monopoly of the church was broken.4)In religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church.5)In language, the dominant position of Latin had to give way to the national languages as a result of various translations of the Bible into the vernacular.6)In spirit, absolute obedience became out-moded and the spirit of quest,debate , was ushered in by the reformists.3. What contribution did the Renaissance make to the world culture答：1、The Renaissance created a culture which freed man to discover and enjoy the world in a way not possible under the medieval Church’s dispensation.2、The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow.第五章填空题：1. The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in ________. the 17th century2. _________ formed the basis of all modern planetary astronomy and led to Newton’s discovery of the laws of gravitation. Kepler’s Laws3. “Knowledge is power.” By _____. Francis Bacon4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. By _____. Francis Bacon5. Leviathan is written by ________. Tomas Hobbes6. The English Revolution is also called __________. Bourgeoisie Revolution.7. In _______, the Bill of Rights was enacted by the English Parliament. 16898. There are two leaders in the English Revolution. _______ was the man of action and ________ the man of thought. Cromwell, Milton.9. The best representative of French neoclassicism is ________. Molière名词解释：1. the laws of gravitation: the sun, the moon, the earth, the planets, and all the other bodies in the universe move in accordance with the same basic force, which is call gravitation.2. ClassicismClassicism implies the revival of the forms and traditions of the ancient world, a return to works of old Greek literature from Homer to Plato and Aristotle. But French classicism of the 17th century was not conscious of being a classical revival. It intended to produce a literature, French to the core, which was worthy of Greek and classical ideals.This neoclassicism reached its climax in France in the 17th century.3. Baroque ArtBaroque Art, flourished first in Italy, and then spread to Spain, Portugal, France in south Europe and to Flander and the Netherlands in the North. It was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and colour.论述简答1. Why do we say the 17th century is a transitional period from middle ages to the modern times答：1) This advance began in science, in astronomy, physics and pure mathematics, owing to the work of Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Descartes. 2) The outlook of educated men was transformed. There was a profound change in the conception of men’s place in the universe.3) The new science and philosophy gave a great push to the political struggle waged by the newly emerged class, the bourgeoisie, and other chasses.4) The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century.2. What are the merits shared by the Great Scientists of 17th century答：During the 17th century, the modern Scientific method began totake shape. It emphasized observation and experimentation beforeformulating a final explanation or generalization. Copernicus、Kepler、Galileo、Newton and other scientists of the time shared two merits which favoured the advance of science.1) First, they showed boldness in framing hypotheses.2) Second, they all had immense patience in observation.3) The combination of the two merits brought about fundamental changes in man’s scientific and philosophical thinking.3. What is Baconian Philosophical system答：1) The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2) He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be blended with it as in Scholasticism.3) Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion.. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from thegeneral to the specific.4) In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of the natural world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.4. What is the difference between Hobbes and Locke in terms of nature Law答：For Locke, Nature Law, therefore, means a universally obligatory moral law promulgated by the human reason. Whereas for Hobbes it means the law of power, force and fraud.5. What is the different between Tomas Hobbes and John Locke in terms of Social Contract1) John Lock’s Social Contract consists of :A. Society is out of necessity, convenience and man’s own interest, and therefore, society is natural to man.B. The institution of political society and government must proceed from the consent of those who are incorporated into political society and subject themselves to government.C. Locke emphasized that the social contract must be understood as involving the individual’s consent to submit to the will of the majority and that the will of the majority must prevail.D. Locke also believed that the ruler of government is one partner of the social contract. If he violates the social contract, then government is effectively dissolved. This idea was welcomed by the Americans during the AmericanRevolution and the bourgeoisie revolution in England.2 Tomas Hobbes’ Social Contract consists of:A. It is necessary that there should be a common power or government backed by force and able to punish.B. Commonwealth, in Latin, Civitas.C. To escape anarchy, men enter into a social contract, by which they submit to the sovereign. In return for conferring all their powers and strength to the sovereign, men attain peace and security.D. The powers of the sovereign must be absolute, and it is only be the centralization of authority in one person that the evil can be avoided.E. As to the form of government, Hobbes preferred monarchy.F. Government was not created by God, but by men themselves.3) Although both Tomas Hob bes and John Locke used the term “social contract”, they differed fundamentally.A. Firstly, Hobbes argued men enter a social contract to escape the state of war, for, in his view, men are enemies and at war with each other. Locke argued men are equal and that they enter a social contract by reason.。

九年级上册世界历史判断题一、古代亚非文明部分（5题）1. 古埃及文明发源于尼罗河流域，金字塔是古埃及国王的陵墓，也是权力的象征。

（正确）- 解析：尼罗河定期泛滥，为古埃及农业发展提供了肥沃的土壤，孕育了古埃及文明。

金字塔是法老的陵墓，它规模宏大，建造过程需要大量人力、物力，体现了古埃及国王至高无上的权力。

3. 古代印度的种姓制度中，刹帝利主要由被征服居民构成，从事农业、畜牧业、捕鱼业和手工业。

（错误）- 解析：在古代印度种姓制度中，吠舍主要由从事农业、畜牧业、捕鱼业和手工业的人构成；刹帝利是军事贵族和行政贵族，包括国王以下的各级官吏。

4. 佛教诞生于公元前6世纪的古代印度，创始人是乔达摩·悉达多，它反对种姓制度，主张“众生平等”。

（正确）- 解析：佛教产生的背景与古代印度种姓制度下的社会矛盾有关，乔达摩·悉达多看到种姓制度的不平等，倡导“众生平等”，这一思想吸引了很多下层民众，佛教逐渐传播开来。

5. 古代亚非文明都产生于大河流域，因为大河流域气候湿润、光照充足、地势平坦，适合人类生存。

（正确）- 解析：大河流域具有优越的自然条件，如充足的水源便于灌溉农业的发展，肥沃的土壤利于农作物生长，相对平坦的地势有利于早期人类的定居和文明的发展。

二、古代欧洲文明部分（5题）6. 古希腊文明是西方文明的发源地，雅典的民主政治在伯利克里当政时期达到顶峰。

（正确）- 解析：伯利克里当政时期，扩大了公民的权利，很多公民担任了政府公职，全体成年男性公民可以参加最高权力机构公民大会，雅典民主政治发展到顶峰。

7. 亚历山大帝国地跨欧亚非三洲，它的建立促进了东西方文化的交流与融合。

（正确）- 解析：亚历山大东征过程中，将希腊文化传播到东方，同时也吸收了东方文化的一些元素，如建筑风格、科学知识等，使得东西方文化有了更多的交流与融合。

8. 罗马共和国建立于公元前509年，在布匿战争中，罗马打败了迦太基，成为地中海霸主。

1．第1题In terms of science, what was the significant shift in thinking during the Renaissance Age?A.the inclusion of science in the educational programB.the emphasis on how things happened in natureC.the development of new scientific methodsD.the acceptance of heliocentric theory您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.02．第2题Who was not a representative writer of Northern Renaissance?A.Giovanni BoccaccioB.William ShakespeareC.Fran鏾is RabelaisD.Miguel de Cervantes您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.03．第3题Which categories ofpublication does Erasmus’s The Praise of Folly belong to?A.clever satires to expose people’s errorsB.serious moral books to offer people Christian guidanceC.scholarly editions of basic Christian textsD.collection of stories to amuse people您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.04．第4题Who was not one of the three masters of the High Renaissance art?A.Leonardo da VinciB.RaphaelC.El GrecoD.Michelangelo您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.05．第5题Which is not one of the three great achievements of Italian Renaissance art?A.the revival of classical textsB.the discovery of linear perspectiveC.the knowledge of anatomyD.the knowledge of the classical forms您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.06．第6题Which description of Petrarch is wrong?A.He was known as the “father of humanism”.B.He was the first to coin theterm “Dark Ages”.C.He valued his Italian writings more than his Latin writings.D.He was financed by Galeazzo II Visconti.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.07．第7题Which is not one of the things that the Viscontis, the Sforzas and the Medicis had in common?A.They were wealthy and powerful families in Italy.B.They were rulers of Milan during the Renaissance.C.They ordered the construction of great architectures.D.They were generous patrons of artists and intellectuals.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.08．第8题Three of the following statements are true with the Jesuits. Which one is the exception?A.They were highly respected for their learning and the purity of their lives.B.They became the principal university teachers in all European countries.C.They helped to stop the spread of Lutheranism into south Germany.D.They helped to spread Catholicism to the countries beyond Europe.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.09．第9题Three of the following statements are true with theCouncil of Trent. Which one is the exception?A.It was first a religious meeting called to win back the Protestants.B.It condemned the scandals arising from the sale of indulgences.C.It insisted on Catholic tradition as the mere source of authority.D.It marks the beginning of the history of modern Catholic Church.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.010．第10题Three of the following statements are true with England after the death of Henry VIII. Which one is the exception?A.The council of regents to rule England was dominated by reformers.B.Edward VI was enthusiastic about reform as Henry VIII had been.C.Edward VI was raised by Protestants rich with Renaissance ideas.D.Mary succeeded Edward VI and began to restore the Catholic faith.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.011．第11题Three of the following statements are true with Henry VIII. Which one is the exception?A.He married his brother’s widow against Roman Catholic rules.B.He married his brother’s widow with the Pope' s authorization.C.He was eager to divorce the queen to end the poor marriage.D.He was eager to have a new marriage to bring him a male heir.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.012．第12题Like Luther, Calvin____________A.believed man, from birth, is predestined by God for salvation or damnation.B.believed that the order and discipline of the early church should be restored.C.regarded the Bible as the only source of truth and spiritual authority.D.regarded the church as a place to be with God by reading the Bible.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.013．第13题Luther made the first attempt to draw attention to the corruption of the Church in_______.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.014．第14题Luther attacked the beliefthat the sacramental system was the only means tosalvation and called for the reform of monasticism in________________.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility ofthe German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.015．第15题Which of the following is true about the central argument of the Ninety-Five Theses?A.The Ninety-Five Theses marks the beginning of the Reformation.B.It was an effort to draw attention to the corruption of the Church.C.Repentance has the same power of the pope to forgive sins.D.The sale of indulgences went against the true spirit of Christianity.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.016．第16题Three of the following statements are true with the early experience of Luther. Which one is the exception? A.Luther lived up to hisfather and became a priest. B.Luther had a horrible experience in a thunderstorm.C.He tried his best to get rid of his sin to satisfy God.D.He damaged his health by eating and sleeping less.您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.017．第17题Which of the following facts is NOT true with the situation in the Church of Rome before the Reformation?A.The sale of Church offices to wealthy families.B.The sale of indulgences toindividual believers.C.Some clegymen held several positions at the same time.D.Clergymen must meet strict moral and educational standards.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.018．第28题The most immediate effect of the Reformation was___________________.A.the increase in the power of princes and kingsB.the more and more secularized western EuropeC.the outburst of fighting among religious groupsD.the more emphasis on the value of the individual您的答案：C题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.019．第29题Which statement about the humanist education during the Renaissance is wrong?A.The goal of education was to produce independent, virtuous and capable men who excelled in many different fields.B.The program of study relied heavily on classical training, but it also contained many other subjects.C.The Renaissance education enhanced the impact of the humanist ideas on the ruling class and the elite.D.The educational program of the humanists placed a high value on science.您的答案：D题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.020．第30题Three of the following statements are true withLuther's teachings. Which one is the exception?A.A priest of the Church never helps.B.A priest of the Church is only the teacher.C.The truth is only to be found in the Bible.D.Every believer is a priest of his own.您的答案：A题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.021．第31题The reasons for Henry’s reform in England were mainly ________.A.religiousB.personalC.politicalD.both B and C您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.022．第32题The successful spread of Lutheranism in the Holy Roman Empire is due to three of the following facts. Which one is the exception?A.The unstable political situation in the Holy Roman Empire.B.Public discontent caused by high papal taxes on Germans.C.Extreme anger in Germany against the power of the pope.D.Luther' s intention to extend his doctrine of social equality.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.023．第33题Luther further explained his doctrine of faith and justification in______________.A.The Liberty of the ChristianManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.024．第34题Luther called on the German princes to reject the foreign pope’s authority andestablish a reformed German church in _____________.A.The Liberty of the Christian ManB.Address to the Nobility of the German NationC.The Babylonian Captivity of the ChurchD.the Ninety-Five Theses您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.025．第35题Which of the following is true about Luther’s discovery from reading the Bible?A.His own individual faith would guarantee his salvation.B.Saint Peter’s guidance would guarantee his salvation.C.Saint Paul’s instructions would guarantee his salvation.D.Jesus Christ ’s teachings would guarantee his salvation.您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.026．第36题Which of the following statements is NOT true with the text?A.Martin Luther was a German missionary.B.Martin was declared an outlaw in the Empire.C.The Pope condemned Martin Luther’s beliefs.D.The Pope ordered Luther to change his beliefs.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.027．第47题Which description of the Age of Renaissance is correct? A.The Renaissance happened right after the Late Middle Ages in time.B.The Renaissance reached a peak at the end of the sixteenth century.C.The Renaissance began as a literary movement.D.The Renaissance was opposed to humanism.您的答案：C题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.028．第48题Which is not the similarityshared by Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and Boccaccio’s Decameron?A.a collection of storiesB.satirical and humorous languageC.vivid characterizationD.religious themes您的答案：D题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.029．第49题Which statement about the “civic humanism” is wrong?A.It was developed by some Florentine scholars during the fifteenth century.B.It believed that virtue could only be obtained by participating in public life.C.It encouraged people to pursue material pleasures and fulfill their desires.D.It was the same with the “Christian Humanism” ofNorthern Renaissance.您的答案：D题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.030．第50题Compared with Italian Renaissance, Northern Renaissance had the following distinctive features exceptfor ______.A.strong national flavorB.great religious concernC.influence of classicismD.belief in Christian humanism您的答案：C题目分数：4.0此题得分：4.031．第51题Which one is not the main characteristic of Shakespeare as a Renaissance man?A.His interest in classical cultureB.His belief in humanismC.His support of individualismD.His consciousness ofnational identity您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.032．第52题Which is the key feature of the Mannerism of the Late Renaissance art?A.the invention of newartistic techniquesB.the imitation of Greek and Roman stylesC.the representation of idealized human figuresD.the use of intense colors, strange themes and twisted figures.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.033．第53题Who did not belong to theFlorentine School of the Early Renaissance art?A.BrunelleschiB.DonatelloC.MasaccioD.Raphael您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.034．第54题Which one is not a period of Italian Renaissance Art?A.Early RenaissanceB.Middle RenaissanceC.High Renaissancete Renaissance您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.035．第55题Which of the following Renaissance writers was not known for his sonnets?A.DanteB.PetrarchC.Edmund SpencerD.William Shakespeare您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.036．第56题The Italian Renaissance scholars did all the following things except for ____.A.reviving many classicaltexts forgotten or lost for a long time.B.spreading the knowledge beyond the small circle of scholars.C.refusing to accept religious teaching or read religious works.D.paying more attention to man’s world and life on earth.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.037．第57题Three of the following statements are true with the Elizabethan Compromise. Which one is the exception?A.The Church of England again rejected the authority of the pope.B.The Church of England began to compromise with the Papacy.C.Elizabeth again condemned Catholic teachings and practices.D.Elizabeth,as a protestant, also forbade extreme Protestantism.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.038．第58题Three of the following statements are true with the Catholic Counter-Reformation.Which one is the exception?A.It was in nature a reaction to Protestantism.B.It was the result of Catholic self-criticism.C.It resulted from the Protestant Reformation.D.It resulted from a Church-wide call for reform.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.039．第59题Who was not a believer in the heliocentric theory?A.Nicolas CopernicusB.Johannes KeplerC.GalileoD.Francis Bacon您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.040．第60题Who was regarded as the“father of oil painting”?A.MasaccioB.BotticelliC.Albrecht D黵erD.Jan van Eyck您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.041．第18题“Middle English” was the national language of the England during the Early Middle Ages.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.042．第19题During the Renaissance, all scholars and artists abandoned medieval qualities and embraced modern values over night.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.043．第20题During the Renaissance, many Italian scholars began to learn Greek because they wanted to translate Latin works into Greek.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.044．第21题Florence was the major centre of the High Renaissance Art at the early 16th century.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第22题Due to the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation, the Church of Rome lost its authority to settle alldisputes among Christians.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.046．第23题The sales of Church offices led to low religious and personal standards of the clergymen.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.047．第24题According to Luther, the Bible was the only source ofpolitical and religious authority.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第25题In the Middle Ages, Christiansin Western Europe only needed to pay one tenth of their annual income to the Church of Rome.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第26题The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V helped the Pope in the movement of Catholic Counter-Reformation.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第27题By the 15th century the Pope had become powerful in both the secular life of the Europeans as well as in their religious life.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.051．第37题Marsilio Ficino, the first man to translate Plato’s complete works from Greek into Latin, was known as a Neo-Platonist.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.052．第38题The Northern Renaissance is the term used to describe the Renaissance in northern Europe, or more broadly in Europe outside Italy.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.053．第39题Dante was the first Italian writer to compose in his native language rather than in Latin.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.054．第40题The Italian Renaissance was largely credited to the economic success in Italy at that time.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.055．第41题All city-states of northern Italy belonged to the Holy Roman Empire during the Renaissance.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.056．第42题Reading of the Bible and his theological teaching madeclearer Luther’s idea about the malpractices of the Church.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.057．第43题It was only in the 16th century that the Church of Rome’s monopoly began to meet the challenge for religious reform.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.058．第44题To allow a person to buy God’s forgiveness and ransom his way out of hell, the Church developed the sale of indulgences.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.059．第45题Christian Humanism helped pave the way for the Protestant Reformation.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.060．第46题Martin Luther first expressed his idea of reforming the Church by criticizing the sale of indulgences.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0。

单选题第1题(4.0) 分Major changes in Roman religious life were mainly a result of _____.A、foreign cultural invasionB、trade and commerceC、territorial expansion of RomeD、interest in spiritual matters第2题(4.0) 分Which description of Greek democracy of the Archaic Period is not true?A、It began as an expanded version of oligarchy.B、It is the same with modern democracy.C、It ensured an easier coexistence between different classes.D、Solon’s reforms laid the foundation for the Athenian democracy.第3题(4.0) 分Which description of the Hellenistic civilization is incorrect?A、It was a cosmopolitan and open culture.B、It was a mixture of Greek and Oriental cultures.C、It helped to popularize Greek thinking and life styles.D、Its commercial, cultural and intellectual centre was Athens.第4题(4.0) 分The following descriptions of the second Greco-Persian War are true EXCEPT for _____.A、The Persian army was led by Xerxes I, who was Darius son.B、All Greek city-states united to counter the Persian invasion.C、The Greek army was greatly outnumbered by the Persian army.D、The Greek army won a decisive victory in the straits between Athens and Salamis.第5题(4.0) 分Which one of the following statements about the condition of the Jews during the Roman time was NOT true?A、In 64 B.C. Pompey conquered Judea and turned it into a Roman province.B、The Jews had to pay heavy tax, but they enjoyed limited self-rule.C、Faced with Roman persecution, the Jews had to worship the Roman emperors as gods.D、The Jewish people hoped for salvation led by a prophet.第6题(4.0) 分Three of the following statements are true with the early experience of Christianity. Which one is the exception?A、Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.B、Christianity was not the official religion of the Roman Empire until the 4th century.C、Christianity spread in the cities of the empire, first in the east and later in the west.D、It was Constantine’s toleration for all religions that brought new life to Christianity.第7题(1.0) 分Whose power was gradually reduced in the process of Athenian political reforms?A、People’s AssemblyB、People’s CourtC、Council of citizensD、Council of nobles第8题(1.0) 分Constantine the Great declared __.A、Christianity as the only religionB、toleration for all religionsC、the end of Imperial CultD、paganism illegal第9题(1.0) 分All land in Sumer belonged to _____.A、the kingsB、godsC、the noblesD、free farmers第10题(1.0) 分Which one does not belong to the Bronze Age civilizations of ancient Greece?A、Cycladic civilizationB、Helladic civilizationC、Hellenistic civilizationD、Minoan civilization第11题(1.0) 分Which of the following is NOT true about Emperor Constantine the Great?A、He concentrated power in his own hands.B、He made Christianity the state religion.C、He abandoned Rome as the imperial capital.D、He tolerated all religions in the Roman Empire.第12题(1.0) 分The economic success of the early Roman Empire was mainly achieved by _____.A、small farmersB、slavesC、serfsD、Roman legions第13题(1.0) 分The largest and most famous of all Hellenistic cities is ____.A、AthensB、SpartaC、AlexandriaD、Thebes第14题(1.0) 分Which of the following statements about ancient Greek sculpture is NOT true?A、The beauty of human form was the most important subject.B、The archaic Greek artists created two sculptural human forms, the kouros and kore.C、The classical Greek sculptors represented human body less naturally or relaxed.D、The Hellenistic Greek sculptors liked to represent extreme emotions in the human face and figure.第15题(1.0) 分Of the following orders of columns, which one is more formal and dignified and mainly used in mainland Greece?A、DoricB、IonicC、CorinthianD、Composite第16题(1.0) 分Jesus lived in the __.A、early 1st centuryB、late 1st centuryC、early 2nd centuryD、late 2nd century第17题(1.0) 分Christians considered pagan gods_____.A、as demonsB、as humansC、incredibleD、supernatural第18题(1.0) 分_____ is the longest river in the world.A、The TigrisB、The AmazonC、The Mississippi第19题(1.0) 分The Roman Republic was founded in _____.A、509 B.C.B、471 B.C.C、445 B.C.D、367 B.C.第20题(1.0) 分The ancient Egyptians divided a year into ___ seasons.A、2B、3C、4D、5第21题(1.0) 分Which one does NOT indicate that Euripides was the most revolutionary dramatist in ancient Greece?A、His creation of less heroic and more realistic characters.B、His sharp criticism of conventional values.C、His view of the human soul as a place where opposing forces struggle.D、His use of graceful language and perfect form.第22题(1.0) 分The poetic creation of _____ glorifies Rome’s conquests and achievements.A、Virgil (70-19 B.C.)B、Horace (65-8 B.C.)C、Ovid (43 B.C.-17 A.D.)D、Juvenal (55-130 A.D.)第23题(1.0) 分Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were__.A、suppressed by the RomansB、eliminated by the RomansC、welcomed into the Roman Empire to defend the RomansD、driven by the Romans to settle in depopulated areas.第24题(1.0) 分Starting from the reign of which Roman emperor such jobs as bakery and military service became hereditary?A、OctavianB、DiocletianC、ConstantineD、Theodosius第25题(1.0) 分Who is usually regarded as the “father of history”?A、HerodotusB、ThucydidesC、XenophonD、Polybius第26题(1.0) 分Which of the following was NOT true about the early Christians?A、They defied the Roman political authoritiesB、They accepted the idea that emperors were divine.C、They banned paganismD、They suffered religious persecution第27题(1.0) 分Christianity originated from__.A、TurkeyB、PalestineC、North AfricaD、the Western Europe第28题(1.0) 分Of the following philosophical schools, which one had perhaps the greatest influence on Roman laws and government?A、EpicureanismB、StoicismC、CynicismD、Neo- Platonism第29题(1.0) 分The wheel was invented by ancient ________.A、EgyptiansB、IndiansC、GreeksD、Sumerians第30题(1.0) 分All of the following Roman officers were produced by election EXCEPT ____.A、consulB、dictatorC、tribuneD、magistrate第31题(1.0) 分The ethnic origin of Jesus was ____.A、GreekB、RomanC、HebrewD、European第32题(1.0) 分Which one of the following groups of people did not speak the Semitic language?A、HebrewsB、ArabsC、SumeriansD、Babylonians第33题(4.0) 分Epicureanism and Stoicism are similar in the following ways except for____.A、Both were concerned with the good of the individual.B、Both were idealistic in world view.C、Both believed that reason is the key to solution of social problems.D、Both thought highly of the peace of mind.第34题(1.0) 分Who replaced the Council of 400 with the Council of 500?A、SolonB、PeisistratusC、CleisthenesD、Pericles第35题(1.0) 分In the first Greco-Persian War, Greek army defeated the Persian forces and won a smashing victory in the battle of ____.A、ThermopylaeB、MarathonC、SalamisD、Plataea第36题(4.0) 分Which one of the following statements about Judaism is NOT true?A、Judaism was the earliest monotheism in the ancient Near East.B、Judaism began with the covenant between God and Abraham.C、The Ten Commandants are a set of moral laws given to the Israel (Jacob) by God.第37题(4.0) 分The Roman expansion had many consequences EXCEPT ______.A、Rome became the hegemony in the Mediterranean region.B、economic gains for all RomansC、social conflicts and slave uprisingsD、increased political power for military commanders第38题(4.0) 分Which one is NOT the aftermath of the Peloponnesian Wars?A、In Athens, democracies collapsed and the empire crumbled.B、Many city-states rebelled against the imperialistic rule of the Athens.C、In Sparta, class conflict became severer and traditional virtues were corrupted.D、There were constant clashes between different city-states.第39题(4.0) 分The government of the Roman Republic included all of the following branches EXCEPT ______.A、the executive branchB、the deliberative branchC、the legislative branchD、the judicial branch第40题(4.0) 分Roman religion was _____.A、borrowed entirely from the GreeksB、not purely RomanC、invented by RomansD、borrowed from the Egyptians判断题第41题(1.0) 分The basic units of the first human civilization were city-states.正确错误第42题(2.0) 分Mount Olympus is the highest point in Greece and home of the mythical Greek gods. ？正确错误第43题(1.0) 分Although people from different regions in the Roman Empire spoke different mother tongues, they could always communicate with strangers either in Latin or in Greek, the official languages of the Empire.正确第44题(1.0) 分The Roman government offered free food to the poor people to achieve greater harmony.正确错误第45题(2.0) 分Among the Olympian gods, Zeus was the chief deity and he was mainly worshipped at Olympia.正确错误第46题(1.0) 分Earlier Christian leaders all agreed that the gospel was intended for Jews and non-Jews as well to hear.正确错误第47题(1.0) 分After Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century, all other religious beliefs disappeared.正确错误第48题(1.0) 分The word “tyranny”was just as derogative in ancient Greece as today.正确错误第49题(1.0) 分According to Aristotle, Form (or Idea) exists as a higher reality than the material world.正确错误第50题(1.0) 分Octavian kept the republican system in name in order to gain support.正确错误第51题(1.0) 分It was the Romans who created the name “Africa”after they conquered the Carthage Empire.正确错误第52题(1.0) 分At the age of 30, Jesus started to preach; but he had no intention to create a new religion.正确错误第53题(1.0) 分In the ancient Egyptian society there were only male pharaohs.正确错误第54题(1.0) 分Athenian magistrate Solon devised the Council of 500 as a check to the power of the nobles.正确错误第55题(1.0) 分The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.错误第56题(1.0) 分The Americans learnt from the ancient Rome in creating their federal government.正确错误第57题(1.0) 分In the Roman Empire, a foreign soldier could earn citizenship through his military service. 正确错误第58题(1.0) 分Roman state financed gladiator shows to make people forget social and economic problems. 正确错误第59题(2.0) 分All Egyptian gods have a human body and an animal head.正确错误第60题(2.0) 分The Greek city-states varied greatly in their governmental structures.正确错误。