剑二ThemeA词汇精讲

Phrases of Theme BUnit 9P461.在野外in the wild2.*听一些动物的声音listen to some animal soundsP473.*许多种类的动物many types of animals4.给孩子喂奶give milk to their babies5.冷血、温血动物animals that have got cold/ warm bloodcold-blooded/ warm-blooded animals6.大多数昆虫都有翅膀可以飞。

Most of the insects have got wings and can fly.7.产卵/生蛋/卵生lay eggsP488. *一些关于动物的图标信息graphic information about animals9. 在白天和夜间睡8个小时sleep for eight hours at night and during the day10. 活10年live for ten years11.食昆虫/肉/草/树叶eat insects/ meat / grass / leavesP4912.*广播节目的一部分part of a radio programme13. *想象你是一位著名的探险家。

Imagine you are a famous explorer.14. *给动物取名give the animal a name15. 长得像look like16. *准备一个广播采访prepare a radio interviewUnit 10P521.生活在海边by the sea2.住在地下live underground3.住在树上live in tress4.生活在亚洲/非洲/欧洲/南极洲/北美洲/南美洲Live in Asia / Africa /Europe / Antarctica /North America /South America5.就像墨西哥和巴西这样的国家countries like Mexico and Brazil6.飞快地舞动他们的翅膀move their wings very fast7.你怎么知道这些的? How do you know all this?8.从花中汲取花蜜? drink nectar from flowersP569.交新朋友make new friends/make a new friend10.你想吃块饼干/口香糖吗？Do you want a biscuit/ a piece of chewing gum?11.稍后给你打电话 ring you laterUnit 11P581.*一个三到四人的小组 a small group of three or four2.*恐怖的/奇怪的动物horrible / strange animalsP593.*帝王蝶（黑脉金斑蝶） a monarch butterfly4.*从加拿大到墨西哥 from Canada to Mexico5.*皮厚have a very thick skinUnit 12P601.在闲暇时候去乡下go to the countryside in one’s free time2.产奶/产谷类produce milk / cereals3.施肥put fertilizer on the fields4.挤奶milk the cow5.清理挤奶棚clean the milking shed6.检查设备check the equipment7.修理do repairs8.把牛犊带到市场上去take the calves to marketP619.去国家公园玩得开心come to the National Parks for a great time10.去度假go on a holiday11.做不同的运动do different sports12.去野餐have a picnic (go picnicking)13.在农场上帮忙help on the farm14.想要去远足/滑雪/攀登/野营/航行 go walking /skiing /climbing /camping /sailing15.去乘风滑翔/做帆板运动/划独木舟go hang-gliding / windsurfing / canoeing16.英国旅游总局the British Tourist Authority17.给我们发一些度假信息send us some information about holidays18.告诉某人关于野营的价格tell sb. about camping pricesUnit 13P621.*长的象鼻 a long trunk2.*螳螂praying mantids/ a praying mantis3.*生活在世界的许多地区live in many parts of the world4.*首先从头开始start with the head5.*落在…上面land on6.*存活大概5-7年live for about five to seven years7.*逃走get away8.*以许多不同的颜色出现c ome in many different colours。

剑桥二级上unit2总结一单词1 那么，如此so2 应该should3 对正确right4 宠物pet5 星星star6 金黄色的blonde7 胡子beard 8 围巾scarf 9 蝙蝠，球棒bat10 (影)迷，风扇fan 11 鱼缸，坦克tank 12 帮忙give me a hand13 阳台，楼座balcony 14 双肩背包backpack 15 (河) 岸，银行bank16 剪刀scissors 17 应该should 18短裤shorts二，句型1 Is this book yours? = Is this your book? 这是你的书吗？2 No，it’s not mine. = No, it’s not my book. 不，这不是我的书。

3 Maybe you can ask Bob. 也许你可以问问鲍勃。

4 This book is not yours，right？这本书不是你的，对吗？5 You should ask Tina. 你应该问问缇娜。

注意，should 是情态动词，后加动词原形。

变否定句You shouldn’t ask Tina6 Mine is in Nancy’s bag. 我的在南希的包里。

7 But she’s gone home. 但是她已经回家了。

8 She put the new book on your desk. 她把这本新书放在了你的桌子上。

9 So, the book is mine. 那么这本书是我的。

10 OK，I’ll do that. 好的，我会那样做的。

11 Where are my socks？我们的袜子在哪？12 Look！yours are under the bed. 看，你的在床下面。

13 Dan is playing with a bat. 丹正在玩球棒。

14 He is a football fan . 他是个球迷15 This is a fish tank. 这是个鱼缸、16 He is swimming near the bank. 他正在岸边游泳。

高中英语模块二重点单词1. Vocabulary:Vocabulary refers to the body of words used in a particular language or by a particular person or group of people. It plays a crucial role in language development and communication. Students are encouraged to expand their vocabulary by learning new words, understanding their meanings, and using them correctly in sentences. Building a strong vocabulary allows students to express themselves effectively and understand the written and spoken language more comprehensively.2. Synonym:A synonym is a word or phrase that has the same or similar meaning as another word. Learning synonyms helps students enhance their vocabulary and avoid repetition in their writing and speaking. For example, the word "happy" can be replaced with synonyms like "joyful," "delighted," or "content."3. Antonym:An antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning of another word. Understanding antonyms is important as it helps students comprehend texts, expand their vocabulary, and improve their overall language skills. For instance, the word "hot" has an antonym "cold."4. Homonym:A homonym is a word that sounds the same as another word but has a different meaning. Homonyms can cause confusion if not used correctly. For example, "two" and "to" sound the same but have different meanings and are used in different contexts.5. Homophone:A homophone is a word that sounds the same as another word but has a different meaning and spelling. Similar to homonyms, homophones can create confusion if not properly understood. Examples of homophones include "there," "their," and "they're."6. Idiom:An idiom is a group of words that has a different meaning from the literal meanings of its individual words. Idioms are often used in informal language and can be challenging for non-native English speakers to understand. Learning idioms helps students comprehend native speakers and express themselves morefluently. For instance, the idiom "break a leg" means "good luck."7. Collocation:Collocation refers to the combination of words that often occur together in a language. Understanding collocations helps students produce more natural-sounding English. For example, native English speakers use the collocation "make a decision" instead of "do a decision."8. Prefix:A prefix is a word part added at the beginning of a word to change or enhance its meaning. By understanding prefixes, students can decipher the meaning of unfamiliar words more easily. For example, the prefix "un-" changes the word "happy" into "unhappy," meaning not happy.9. Suffix:A suffix is a word part added at the end of a word to change its meaning or form a new word. Learning suffixes helps students expand their vocabulary and understand word families. For example, the suffix "-able" added to the word "read" forms "readable," meaning capable of being read.10. Root Word:A root word is the basic form of a word from which other words are formed. By recognizing root words, students can understand and learn new vocabulary more effectively. For example, the root word "bio" means life, and many words related to biology, such as "biology" and "biography," stem from it.11. Adjective:An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives help to provide more information about nouns, making language more descriptive and interesting. For example, in the sentence "The beautiful sunset," "beautiful" is the adjective that describes the noun "sunset."12. Adverb:An adverb is a word that describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs often tell us how, where, when, or to what extent something happens or is done. For example, in the sentence "She sings beautifully," "beautifully" is the adverb that describes the verb "sings."13. Conjunction:A conjunction is a word that connects clauses or sentences or words, phrases, or clauses together. Common conjunctions include "and," "but," "or," and "because." For example, in the sentence "I wanted to go to the party, but Iwas too tired," "but" is the conjunction that connects the two parts of the sentence.14. Preposition:A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or a pronoun and other words in the sentence. Prepositions often indicate location, time, or direction. For example, in the sentence "The cat is on the mat," "on" is the preposition that shows the location of the cat.15. Verb:A verb is a word that describes an action, occurrence, or state of being. Verbs are essential in constructing sentences as they indicate what the subject of the sentence is doing or experiencing. For example, in the sentence "She dances," "dances" is the verb that describes the action of the subject "She."16. Noun:A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns are one of the most fundamental parts of speech and are essential for creating meaningful sentences. For example, in the sentence "The book is on the table," "book" and "table" are the nouns that represent the objects being referred to.17. Pronoun:A pronoun is a word that is used instead of a noun to avoid repetition or to make language more concise. Pronouns help to make sentences less repetitive and more engaging. For example, in the sentence "I saw him yesterday," "him"is the pronoun that replaces the noun to avoid repetition.18. Interjection:An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses strong emotion or surprise. Interjections are often followed by exclamation points and can stand alone or be part of a sentence. For example, "Wow!" or "Oops!" are interjections that express surprise or realization.19. Syntax:Syntax refers to the rules and structure that govern the arrangement of words and phrases in a sentence. Understanding syntax is crucial for constructing clear and coherent sentences. For example, the sentence "The dog barked" follows the basic syntax of subject-verb order.20. Punctuation:Punctuation includes the marks used in writing to separate sentences, clauses, and phrases, indicating pauses, and defining the structure and organization of text. Proper punctuation is essential for clear communication and understanding. For example, a period (.) is used to indicate the end of a sentence.21. Gerund:A gerund is a verb form that ends in -ing and functions as a noun in a sentence. Gerunds can act as the subject, object, or complement of a sentence. For example, in the sentence "Swimming is my favorite activity," "swimming" is the gerund functioning as the subject.22. Past Participle:A past participle is a verb form that typically ends in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n and is used to form perfect tenses, passive voice, and certain adjectives. For example, in the sentence "The cake has been baked," "baked" is the past participle used to express the passive voice.23. Infinitive:An infinitive is the basic form of a verb, usually preceded by "to" and functioning as a noun, adjective, or adverb. Infinitives are used to express purpose, intention, or possibility. For example, in the sentence "To learn English is my goal," "to learn" is the infinitive expressing purpose.24. Modal Verb:A modal verb is a type of verb that is used to express mood or attitude such as possibility, permission, or obligation. Common modal verbs include "can," "may," "must," and "should." For example, in the sentence "You should study for the exam," "should" is the modal verb expressing obligation.25. Active Voice:Active voice is a grammatical voice in which the subject of the sentence performs the action expressed by the verb. In active voice sentences, the subject is the doer of the action. For example, in the sentence "The teacher explains the lesson," "the teacher" is the subject and is performing the action of explaining.26. Passive Voice:Passive voice is a grammatical voice in which the subject of the sentence receives the action expressed by the verb. In passive voice sentences, the subject is the recipient of the action. For example, in the sentence "The lesson was explained by the teacher," "the lesson" is the subject and is receiving the action of explaining.27. Clause:A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. Clauses can be main clauses or subordinate clauses. For example, in the sentence "When I arrive home, I will start cooking dinner," "When I arrive home" is a subordinate clause and "I will start cooking dinner" is the main clause.28. Phrase:A phrase is a group of words that functions as a part of speech but does not contain a subject and verb. Phrases can be noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, or adverb phrases. For example, in the sentence "The book on the table is interesting," "on the table" is an adverb phrase modifying the noun "book."29. Sentence:A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought and contains a subject and a predicate. Sentences can be simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex. For example, "I study English every day" is a simple sentence with one independent clause.30. Paragraph:A paragraph is a section of text that consists of one or more sentences dealing with a single topic. Paragraphs are used to organize ideas and make the text more readable. For example, a paragraph in an essay may discuss a specific point or provide examples to support a thesis.31. Essay:An essay is a piece of writing that is usually written from a personal point of view and presents the writer's argument or analysis. Essays are commonly used in academic settings to assess a student's understanding of a subject. For example, a persuasive essay aims to convince the reader to agree with the writer's viewpoint.32. Report:A report is a written document that presents information or findings on a specific topic or issue. Reports are often used in business, academic, or scientific contexts to provide detailed and factual information. For example, a research report presents the methodology, results, and conclusions of a study.33. Summary:A summary is a brief statement or restatement of the main points of a text, speech, or conversation. Summaries are used to concisely convey the most important information. For example, a book summary provides an overview of the plot, characters, and themes of the book.34. Note:A note is a short piece of writing that records information, reminders, or observations. Notes can be personal or professional and are used to capture key points or tasks. For example, a meeting note summarizes the discussions and decisions made during a business meeting.35. Letter:A letter is a written message from one person to another, typically sent through mail or email. Letters can be formal or informal and serve various purposes such as communication, complaint, or application. For example, a cover letter is a formal letter sent with a resume to apply for a job.。

重点句型Have/Has gotI. have gothave got = have多见于美式英语，主要用于口语中，在英语中通常用have got 代替have,当主语为第三人称单数时..用has got 代替has。

have got或has got 可以与前面的主语缩写为’ve 或’s。

1. 肯定式..We’ve (We have) got an English lesson today. 我们今天有一节英语课。

Tom has got two chairs. 汤姆有两把椅子。

My parents have got a big house. 我爸爸妈妈有一幢大房子。

2. 否定式..在have got 中..have 为助动词..在其后加否定词not, 就可以构成否定句。

have not got = haven’t gothas not got = hasn’t gotI haven’t got a test. 我没测试。

He hasn’t got a pencil. 他没铅笔。

3. 一般疑问句及回答只需将have 或has 提前到句首即可。

回答时协助于助动词have 或has.—Have you got a notebook? —你有一本笔记本吗..—Y es, I have./ No, I haven’t. —是的..我有。

/ 不..我没有。

—Has Tom got an umbrella? —汤姆有伞吗..—Y es, he has./ No, he hasn’t. —是的..他有。

/不..他没有。

4. 特殊问句只需选用恰当的疑问词..再接正确的一般疑问句即可。

How many rulers have they got? 他们有多少尺子..When have they got this school? 他们什么时候有了学校..What has he got? 他有什么..物主代词用法归纳一、物主代词的用法物主代词分形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)。

Unit7 You mustn't drop litter in the park!have a cup of tea 喝杯茶play computer games 玩电脑游戏go swimming 去游泳,go to the zoo 去动物园,play football 踢足球, go to see a film 去看电影,eat some cake 吃蛋糕,sing a song 唱歌,read some books 读书, go by bus 乘公共汽车,go home 回家, go to school 去上Unit8 Who is the winner?read a newspaper 读报纸,eat fruit 吃水果,watch TV 看电视,eat an ice cream 吃冰淇淋read books 读书,wash up 洗餐具clean the floor 擦地板,draw a picture 画画,sing 唱歌,dance 跳舞,cook 做饭,go shopping 去购物,drink tea 喝茶,cookery book 烹调书,comic book 漫画书Unit9 Sally is taller than Ben.edible 可以吃的 you mustn’t 你不许,on the grass在草地上in the boat 在船上 in the park 在公园里,in the library 在图书馆,in the classroom 在教室 at home 在家, in the river 在河里drive 驾驶,swim 游泳,throw 扔pick 摘（花），捡 , shout 大喊drop litter 扔垃圾,ride骑,bounce 拍（球), jump 跳climb 爬 ,run 跑 eat 吃wash 洗,sleep 睡,draw 画,kick 踢 ,paint 画（用颜料画 ）play 玩, talk 说话 fish 钓Unit10 Did you know?tallest最高的, shortest最短的, strongest最强壮的, weakest最弱的, fastest最快的, longest最长的, smallest最小的, biggest最大的，giraffe长颈鹿, land animal陆地动物, sailfish箭鱼, snowman雪人, mountain山脉, whale鲸鱼, difficult困难的, travel旅游, Australia澳大利亚, river河, Britain英国You mustn’t drop litter in the park.There are some N(pl.) in the (place).There is a/one N in the (place). It’s edible.There is a parrot standing on a book.There are two cats sleeping in the What have you got in your bag?I’ve got a pencil, a pen, an eraser, and lots of books.How many books are there in your bag?There are 2 books in my bag. There is one book in my bag. Which school do you like to go?I like to go to the second school. It’s 137 km from Tianjin to Beijing.This bear is short, but this bear is shorter than this one.Fred is fatter than John.The Great Wall is the longest wall in the world. It is 6,350 km long. The fastest plane is in the USA. It travels at 3,530 km per hour.The biggest trees are plants.The tallest man in China is 2.36 meters tall.The shortest woman in China was 79 cm tall when she was 19.How tall are you?I am one hundred and forty-nine centimeters tall.。

人教高一英语必修二单词讲解Title: Vocabulary Explanation for High School Freshman English (Book 2)Introduction:In the study of English, building a strong vocabulary is essential for effective communication and comprehension. This article aims to provide a comprehensive explanation of the vocabulary words covered in the second book of the People's Education Press' High School Freshman English curriculum. Through a structured approach, this article will explore six major topics, each consisting of several subtopics, to aid students in understanding and retaining the vocabulary words.Body:1. Theme 1: Personal Relationships1.1 Friendship- Definition and importance of friendship- Characteristics of a good friend- Ways to build and maintain friendships1.2 Love and Romance- Different types of love relationships- Expressing love and affection- Cultural differences in romantic relationships1.3 Family- Roles and responsibilities within a family- Family traditions and customs- Challenges faced by modern families2. Theme 2: Education and Learning2.1 School Life- School subjects and curriculum- Extracurricular activities- School rules and regulations2.2 Studying and Exams- Effective study habits- Test preparation strategies- Coping with exam stress2.3 Teachers and Students- Teacher-student relationship- Classroom dynamics- Respect and communication in the educational setting 3. Theme 3: Environment and Nature3.1 Pollution- Types of pollution (air, water, soil)- Causes and consequences of pollution- Solutions to reduce pollution3.2 Conservation- Importance of environmental conservation- Sustainable practices- Protecting endangered species3.3 Climate Change- Causes and effects of climate change- Global efforts to combat climate change- Individual actions to mitigate climate change4. Theme 4: Travel and Tourism4.1 Transportation- Modes of transportation (air, land, sea)- Advantages and disadvantages of each mode- Travel etiquette and safety measures4.2 Tourist Attractions- Famous landmarks and sites- Cultural and historical significance- Promoting tourism for economic growth4.3 Travel Experiences- Planning a trip- Cultural immersion and experiences- Traveling responsibly and respecting local customs 5. Theme 5: Health and Fitness5.1 Physical Health- Importance of exercise and a balanced diet - Common illnesses and diseases- Promoting healthy lifestyles5.2 Mental Health- Understanding mental health issues- Coping mechanisms for stress and anxiety - Seeking professional help when needed 5.3 Sports and Recreation- Popular sports and leisure activities- Benefits of participating in sports- Sportsmanship and teamwork6. Theme 6: Science and Technology6.1 Inventions and Innovations- Impact of technological advancements- Famous inventors and their contributions - Ethical considerations in scientific research 6.2 Internet and Social Media- Benefits and drawbacks of internet usage - Online safety and cyberbullying- Social media's influence on society6.3 Artificial Intelligence- Definition and applications of AI- Ethical concerns surrounding AI- Future implications of AI technologyConclusion:In conclusion, mastering the vocabulary words in the People's Education Press' High School Freshman English (Book 2) is crucial for students' language development. By thoroughly understanding the six major themes and their corresponding subtopics, students will enhance their ability to communicate effectively and comprehend English texts. Building a strong vocabulary foundation will undoubtedly contribute to their overall language proficiency and academic success.。

1月31日剑二阅读语法（1）名词1、什么叫名词表示人、地方、事物名称的词叫做名词。

名词是任何事物的名称，student 学生chair 椅子Hong Kong 香港business 生意time 时间beauty 美happiness 幸福2、名词的种类名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。

1、专有名词(proper noun)专有名词是个别人、地方、团体或事物的名称。

London 伦敦Canada 加拿大the Un it ed States of America 美利坚合众国the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂注意：专有名词的实词部要大写词首字母。

2、普通名词(common noun)普通名词是一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。

teacher 教师struggle 奋斗country 国家machine 机器water 水discussion 讨论普通名词又可进一步分为：（1）类名词(class noun)，表示人或事物属于某一类。

factory 工厂bicycle 自行车cat 猫television 电视soldier 士兵boy 男孩（2）集体名词(collective noun)，是一群人或好多东西的总称。

class 班army 军队government 政府party 政党crowd 人群flock 羊群team 队family 家注意：集体名词被当作一个整体时，要看作是单数，用单数的谓语动词。

但当组成这类名词所代表的事物的各部分或其成员是被逐一单独考虑时，就用复数的谓语动词。

The football team is playing well.这个足球队踢得好。

The football team are having baths and are coming back for tea.足球队员们正在洗澡，然后他们就回来喝茶。

（3）物质名词(material)，表示物质或不具确定形状和大小的个体的实物名称。

话题20 主题公园〔Unit 5 Theme parks〕话题短语1. cut off 切断 2. take turns 轮流3. a variety of各种各样4. base on 以……为根底5. get started 开场6. historical heritage 历史文化遗产7. place of interest 名胜8. home and abroad 国内外9. be involved in卷入；参与10. make profits 盈利11. name after以……命名12. be located in 位于13. one after another 一个接一个地14. enjoy oneself 过得愉快15. play around到处玩16. meet one’s need满足某人需要17. take a tour旅游18.no wonder难怪话题句子1. Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!无论你喜欢哪一个，不管你喜欢什么，都会有一个适合你主题公园!2. With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing whereve there is a Disneyland.有这么多引人入胜东西，难怪哪里有迪斯尼乐园，哪里旅游业就会开展。

3. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England, come to Camelot Park!想进入古英格兰梦幻世界吗？那就来卡默洛特公园吧！4. Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings.观测未来主题公园不仅仅适合个人，也适合学生全班出游，因为它是娱乐与学习完美结合。

accomplish vt.完成(任务等)欧阳歌谷（2021.02.01）goal n.目的，目标；得分进球，球门tendency n.趋势，倾向managerial a.经理的，管理人的；管理上的，经营上的implement vt.实现；完成；履行suboptimization n.局部最优化，次优化achievement n.完成，达到；成就，成绩multiple a.多样的，复合的 n.倍数constraint n.强制；强制因素，制约条件scheme n.计划；方案 vt./vi.计划，策划attain vt.达到；完成define vt.解释，给…下定义；限定，规定accompany vt.伴随，陪同；为…伴奏correctness n.正确，正确性budget n.预算 vt.把…编入预算；安排，预定organizational a.组织(上)的maker n.制造者；制造商optimal a.最适宜的；最理想的precedent n.先例，前例argue vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；说服predict vt./vi.预言；预示slimplify vt.简化objective n.目标，目的 a.客观的；无偏见的profitability n.赚钱，获得trade-off n.(对不能同时兼顾的因素)权衡；物物交speechless a.不会说话的；不说话的candidate n.候选人，候补者；应试者interviewer n.接见者；面谈者entity n.存在，实体；统一性community n.社区；共同体unintended a.非计划中的，非故意的ongoing a.进行中的，前进的to make a guess at 猜测in part 部分地，在某种程度上indifference n.冷漠；不感兴趣(to)vague a.含糊的；不明确的skilled a.熟练的；有技能的and the like 等等，诸如此类prospect n.展望，景象；［常pl.］前景，前程clarification n.澄清，阐明criticism n.批评；评论notion n.概念；想法，看法personality n.个性；人格；品格interview vt./n.面谈，采访；面试，口试correspondence n.符合，一致；通信prospective a.预期的；未来的unattractive a.无吸引力的；不引人注意的in the way 挡路；碍事point of view 观点to seek to 追求，争取day to day work 日常工作exert vt.尽(力)；施加(压力等)；行使(职权等) miniskirt n.超短裙astronomer n.天文学家photocopy vt./n.复印，影印；照相复制本to ask for 请求，向…要；寻找to turn down 拒绝；调小或调低；翻下escape vi./vt.逃跑；避免 n.逃跑；逃路，出口to one's advantage 对某人有利punk n.(俚)阿飞；朋克 a.颓废派的intimidate vt.恐吓，恫吓clutch vt./vi.抓住，握紧to make sure 查明，弄确实；确信grip vt./n.紧握，紧夹；掌握，控制conservative a.保存的，防腐的；保守的，守旧的to take the trouble to 不辞劳苦，费力to apply for 申请rephrase vt.重新措辞，改用别的话表示in hand 手头上有painful a.痛苦的；费力的at a disadvantage 处于不利地位inefficiency n.无效；效能差resume n.摘要，梗概；个人简历panel n.专门小组neat a.整洁的；简洁的；整齐的gravity n.严肃，认真；重要性；［物］重力convincing a.有说服力的，使人信服的galaxy n.［天］星系，［G-］银河系boundary n.分界线，边界implication n.含意，暗示；牵连，涉及，卷入constant a.永恒的，经久不变的；经常的 n.常数companion n.同伴，同事；［天］伴星(=～star) neutron n.［物］中子launch vt.发射；使(船)下水 n.发射，(船)下水dwarf n.矮子；［天］矮星twin a./n.双胞胎(的)［Twins］［天］双子座binary a.二，双；二进制的 n.双(体)；联星speculation n.推测，猜测；投机basis n.基础，根据；主要成份；军事基地observer n.遵守者，奉行者；观察者，监视者interchangeable a.可交换的；可互换的daytime n.白天，日间observatory n.天文台；了望台collapse vt./vi./n.(使)倒塌，(使)崩溃；瓦解measurement n.衡量，测量explode vt.使爆炸 vi.爆炸；突发supernova n.［天］超新星density n.密集度，稠密度；［物][化］密度shrink vt./vi./n.收缩；缩小；退缩，畏缩marble n.弹子；大理石 a.大理石的，大理石般的thrilling a.令人激动的；颤动的，震颤的Star of Bethlehem 圣诞星outer a.外部的mankind n.［用作单或复］人类Milky Way 银河；银河系(=Milky Way galaxy) Albert Einstein 爱因斯坦(美籍德国理论物理学家) operate v.运转，起作用；动手术；操作；经营to research into 研究microscopic a.显微镜的；微观的；微小的，细微的speculation about 关于…猜测concerned a.有关的；关切的，担心的largely ad.大量地；主要地astronaut n.宇航员unlikely a.未必可能的；靠不住的swallow vt.吞咽 n.燕子solar a.太阳的，日光的；利用太阳光的glitter vi.闪闪发光，闪烁 n.闪光whereas conj.而，却；反之revolve vi.旋转；绕转to swallow up 吞没，耗尽cloudless a.无云的，晴朗的lesser a.较小的；更少的；次要的planet n.行星White Dwarf ［天］白矮星to make use of 利用crowd n.群，人群 vi.聚集，群集plateau n.(［复］plateaus或plateaux)高原as a rule 通常；一般说来weaken vt.削弱，减弱 vi.变弱parliament n.议会，国会；［P-］议会whilst conj.(=while)当…时；然而；虽然，尽管above all 首先，首要debate vt./n.争论，辩论 vi.对…进行争论，辩论injection n.注射；注射剂，针剂criterion n.标准，准则prosecute vt.对…起诉，告发euthanasia n.无痛楚的死亡；安乐死nationwide a.全国性的 ad.在全国范围内deteriorate vt./vi.(使)恶化Dutch a.荷兰人的；荷兰语的 n.荷兰人；荷兰语request vt./n.请求，要求a great many 很多lethal a.致死的tropical a.热带的；炎热的coloured a.有色的legal a.法律上的；合法的Dutchman n.(［复］Dutchmen)荷兰人religion n.宗教；宗教信仰circumstance n.［pl.］情况，环境；境遇ensure vt.保证，担保oppose vt.反对，反抗；使相对，使对抗(to)sensitive a.敏感的；灵敏的，感光的opt vi.抉择，选择(for)，在…之间选择to make request for 要求…council n.理事会；委员会healthcare n.保健burden n.负担；责任，义务 vt.使负重担；麻烦tradition n.传统；惯例hospice n.(晚期病人)收容所moving a.活动的，移动的；动人的，令人感动的prohibition n.禁止；禁令be opposed to 反对elderly a.较老的，人过中年的 n.近老年人consideration n.考虑；体谅，照顾disabled a.伤残的；使失去战斗力的shorten vt./vi.缩短，缩小；减少vulnerable a.易受伤的，弱小的；易受…攻击的paternalistic a.家长式统治的；家长作风的founder n.创始者；缔造者to be affected with 患有…疾病to take...into account 考虑到to debate on 关于…进行辩论need for 对…的需要individual n.个人，个体，独立单位 a.个人的；个别的to open up 打开；开办，开辟，开发；坦诚地谈话conspiracy n.阴谋，密谋；阴谋集团，阴谋帮派appoint vt.任命，委任(as)；约定，指定The Netherlands 荷兰(=Holland)Wilfred van Oijen 威尔弗雷德·范·奥仁(人名)unfair a.不公平的，不公正的entry n.进入；入口；登记，条目，账目privilege n.特权 vt.给予…特权Cees van Wendel de Joode 齐思·范·万德尔·德·尤德(人名) to opt out (of) 决定不参加…，决定(从…)退出Andrew Ferguson 安德鲁·福格森(人名)merit n.优点，长处；功绩，功劳senior a.年长的；大学四年级的 n.年长者graduate v.(使)(大学)毕业 n.大学毕业生，研究生bias n.偏见 v.［常用被动语态］有偏见private a.私人的；私营的；秘密的，私下的escalator n.自动扶梯to have...at heart 对某事十分关心headmaster n.(中学或小学的)校长Cicely Saunders 茜西莉·桑德斯(人名) employment n.使用；雇佣；职业，工作profession n.职业(尤指脑力劳动或受过专业训练的) network n.［纺］网眼织物；网状物，网络leading a.领导的，指引的；最重要的，主要的publish vt.出版，刊印；公布，发表old-boy n.老同学；(招呼用)老朋友，老弟，老兄prime a.最初的，基本的；主要的；最好的fiercely ad.凶猛地，凶残地；猛烈地on average 平均vision n.想像力，幻觉；视力，视觉；眼光elitist n.杰出人物 a.杰出人物(统治论)的ivy n.常青藤applicant n.申请人，请求者to blame...for 为…责备某人remedial a.治疗的，治疗上用的；补救的elite n.精英，杰出人物 a.杰出的，精英的excellence n.优秀，杰出classless a.无阶级的；不属于任何阶级的to amount to 达到，总计；相当于，等于by nature 生来，天生，就其本性而言competitive a.竞争的，比赛的academic a.学院的，学会的；学术的equivalent a.相等的；等价的 n.等价(物)；对应词additional a.附加的，追加的；另外的be worth doing 值得做…abolish vt.废除(法律，习惯等)；取消entrance n.进入；入口，门口；入场，入会，入学performance n.执行；表现，工作性能；演出，演奏recruit vt./vi.征募(新兵)，吸收；补充 n.新成员replicate vt.重复；复制accessible a.易接近的；易受影响的(to)；可理解的Clare Bolderson 克莱尔·博尔德森(人名)folk n.人们；［口］家属，亲属 a.民间的Don Claxton 唐·克莱克斯顿(人名)punishment n.处罚，罚，刑罚；折磨，损害disaffection n.不满inhumane a.不人道的，残忍的civil a.国民的，民用的；国内的，民间的union n.工会，协会；结合，联合distinct a.与其他不同的，独特的；明显的musician n.音乐家；作曲家rock'n'roll n.摇滚乐，摇滚舞musically ad.在音乐方面；好听地；悦耳地blues n.布鲁斯；慢四步舞liberty n.自由，自由权；冒昧，失礼；特许权，特权rhythmic a.有韵律的；有节奏的transformation n.变化，转化；改造，改革Alvin Bronstein 阿尔文·布朗斯坦(人名)Alabama 阿拉巴马(美国州名)to call up 打电话；使想起，使忆起to watch over 看守，照管，监视argument n.争论，辩论；论据，理由Huntsville 亨茨维尔(城市名，位于阿拉巴马州北部) Georgia 佐治亚(美国州名)Arkansas 阿肯色(美国州名)in unison 完全一致地deny vt.否定，否认；拒绝接受，拒绝给予toilet n.盥洗室；厕所eyewitness n.目击者；见证人United Kingdom 联合王国weed n.杂草，野草 vt.除草，拔草ditch n.沟，沟渠 vt./vi.开渠；筑渠circus n.马戏团，杂技团；马戏场，杂技场interstate a.［主美］州际的unison n.一致；协调gap n.裂口，裂缝racial a.种族的racist n.种族主义者 a.种族主义的；种族歧视的shackle n.［常pl.］镣铐；［pl.］束缚，枷锁Singapore 新加坡岛；新加坡；新加坡市spokesman n.发言人；代言人plantation n.种植园，大农场；植树造林BBC 英国广播公司correspondent n.对应物；新闻通讯员，记者，通信者gang n.一队，一族；一群，一帮The Philippines 菲律宾(国)；菲律宾群岛re-introduction n.重新采用，重新引入Lydia Garcia 莉迪亚·加西亚(人名)Kumari 库马里(人名)Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡degrade vt.降级，贬低；堕落；退化concession n.让步；特许权；租界，租界地immigration n.移居；外来的移民to convict...of 证明…有罪，宣判…有罪breadwinner n.养家糊口的人to bring over 把…带来；使转变be deserving of 值得；应得be supposed to 应该shelf n.(壁橱，书橱内)搁板；架子deserving a.应得的，值得的(of)immigrant a.移民的，侨民的 n.移民，侨民kingdom n.王国；领域Filipino n.菲律宾人(语) a.菲律宾人的；菲律宾的convict vt.证明…有罪(of)；宣判 n.罪犯execute vt.实行，执行，完成，贯彻；将…处死foreigner n.外国人Saudi n.沙特阿拉伯人 a.沙特阿拉伯(人或语)的leaflet n.小叶，嫩叶；传单，活页maid n.少女；侍女，女仆incidence n.影响程度，影响范围；发生率despite prep.尽管，任凭deport vt.驱逐出境employee n.雇员，雇工status n.情形，状况；地位，身份minimum n.最小量；最低限度 a.最小的；最低的guilt n.有罪；内疚Stanford (美国)斯坦福大学Walter Ellis 沃尔特·埃利斯(人名)Oxford 牛津；牛津大学passport n.护照Oxbridge 牛津大学和剑桥大学；该校之学生Harvard (美国)哈佛大学Cambridge 剑桥；剑桥大学domestic adj.家庭的，家务的；国内的n.家仆，佣人sexually ad.在性方面Briton n.大不列颠人；英国人abuse vt./n.滥用，妄用；虐待，凌辱John Rae 约翰·雷(人名)diplomat a.外交家；外交官statistics n.统计数字，统计资料；［用作单］统计学exploit vt.开发，开采；利用；剥削abroad ad.到国外；在国外Princeton (美国)普林斯顿大学lvy League 常春藤联合会；名牌大学的Yale (美国)耶鲁大学campaign n.战役；运动 v.参加运动，参加竞选活动Berkeley 伯克利；加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校Westminster 威斯敏斯特France 法兰西，法国John Major 约翰·梅杰(前英国首相)slavery n.奴隶制度，奴役；奴隶身份eclecticism n.折衷主义imitator n.模仿者guitar n.六弦琴，吉他jazz n.爵士乐Negro n.黑人 a.黑人的amplifier n.放大器electronics n.［复］［用作单］电子学electronic a.电子的youthful a.反战的readily ad.乐意地；很快地，容易地sentiment n.感情，情绪；感伤lighting n.照明，照明设备studio n.工作室；播音室，演播室；电影制片厂originate vi./vt.发源；发生，发起synthesis n.结合，合成consciousness n.意识，知觉；觉悟instrument n.仪器；乐器passive a.被动的；消极的participant n.参加者 a.参与的limitless a.无限制的，无限的ballroom n.舞厅spontaneous a.自发的，本能的，自动的；出自自然的penetrating a.穿透的，贯穿的；深刻的，透彻的thereby ad.由此，从而multimedia a.多种手段的；多媒体的 n.多媒体to take on 具有；担任(工作等)；雇佣thematic a.题目的，主题的；主旋律的symphony n.交响曲，交响乐；交响乐队，交响音乐会fruitful a.有成果的，有收获的Bob Dylan 鲍伯·狄伦traditionalist n.传统主义者；因循守旧者painstaking a.苦干的；费力的to take over 接管，接任；把…从一处运到另一处invariably ad.不变地San Francisco 旧金山(或称三藩市)inspire vt.鼓舞；使产生灵感creative a.创造性的Beatle ［the Beatles］披头士摇滚乐队preliminary a.预备的；初步的 n.初试；预赛conception n.概念，观念improvise vt.即兴创作；临时准备，临时凑成output n.产量；输出Jefferson Airplane 杰弗逊飞机(美国摇滚乐队名) handle n.柄，把手 vt.运用，操纵；经营，管理notebook n.笔记本composer n.作曲家theme n.题目，主题；主旋律to take place 发生well-established a.固定下来的；得到确认的constructive a.建设的，建设性的conventional a.惯例的，常规的；(艺术等)因袭的at a stretch 连续不断地for the sake of 为了…之好处；为了…的目的diversified a.多样化的sonority n.响亮，洪亮in advance 在前面；预先to serve as 适合Palestrina 帕莱斯特里纳(意大利作曲家)temper vt.［治］使回火，锻炼；调合clavichord n.(音)击弦古钢琴in a sense 在某种意义上Hugo Wolf 沃尔夫(奥地利作曲家)experimental a.实验的；经验的sake n.缘故summarize vt./vi.概述，总结to belong in 应归入(类别、范畴等)Franz Schubert 舒伯特(奥地利作曲家)in other words 换句话说Beethoven 贝多芬(德国作曲家)completeness n.完整，圆满；完成，结束well(-)tempered 脾气好的；(键盘乐器)调到平均律的It goes without saying that 不言而喻，理所当然evident a.明显的，明白的mold n.(=mould)模子；模型 vt.用模子做，浇铸harmony n.协调，和谐；融洽，一致automotive a.自动的，机动的；汽车的increasingly ad.不断增加地calculator n.计算者；计算器reduction n.减少，减小；降级，降职；归纳，归并frame n.构架，框架expose vt.使暴露，使面临；揭露，揭发appliance n.应用，适用；用具，器械Edgar Varese 瓦雷兹(法裔美国作曲家)Debussy 德彪西(法国作曲家)Moussorgsky 穆索尔斯基(俄国作曲家)robotics n.机器人学，机器人技术robot n.机器人；自动控制装置spray n.水花；喷雾 vt.喷；喷涂 vi.喷；溅散efficiency n.效率；功效，效能，实力prevalent a.流行的，普通的cast vt.投，扔；投射；铸造 n.投，掷；模具weld vt./n.焊接radiation n.放射，发光；放射物，辐射线，辐射能personnel n.全体人员，全体职员；人事(部门)Well Tempered Clavichord (巴赫)《平均律钢琴曲集》Gesualdo 杰苏阿尔多(意大利作曲家)Bach 巴赫(德国作曲家)radioactive a.［原］放射性的；放射引起的install vt.安装Berlioz 柏辽兹(法国作曲家，指挥家及音乐评论家) in between 在中间；每间隔；在…期间shade n.荫，阴影 vt.遮蔽，遮光fireman n.消防队员light-sensitive a.光敏的in question 正被谈论的critical a.批评(性)的；紧要的，关键性的，危急的digital a.手指的，指状的；数字的，计数的housekeeper n.管理家务的主妇；女管家plenty of 大量的；丰富的specific a.特有的，特定的；具体的，明确的to expose to 暴露；面临；曝露brightness n.明亮，晴朗；聪敏，机灵automatic a.自动的；无意识的，机械的grayscale 灰度attendant n.侍者，服务员；出席者assemble vt.集合；装配 vi.集合calculation n.计算，计算结果；仔细考虑camera n.照相机，摄影机reprogramme v.再次(重新)设定程序in that 在于，原因是scale n.刻度，表度；规模；比例(尺)；天平switch n.开关，转换器 v.转换；接通或切断…电流defective a.有缺点的；有缺陷的intensity n.强烈，剧烈completion n.完成，结束；完满reliability n.可靠性forecast vt.预测，预报；预示speculate vi.思索；推测vt.投机；思索，推测radon n.氡fault n.缺点，毛病；错误，过失；［地］断层subside vi.沉淀；沉降；平静下来，平息，减退arthquake n.地震on the alert 警戒，处于戒备状态seismic a.地震precede vt.先于…，比…优先 vi.在前面，领先giant n.巨人；巨物，巨大的动物 a.巨大的to set up 设立，建立；建立，提出Guatemala 危地马拉radium n.镭datum n.(［复］data)资料，材料；数据Chile 智利up-to-date a.最新的，现代化的；直至目前的earning n.警告；警报 a.警告的eastern a.东方的，东部的；向东方的，来自东方的to work on 从事…；对…有影响partial a.偏袒的，偏心的，对…偏袒；部分的underground a.地下的；秘密的 ad.在地下；隐蔽地shift vt./vi.替换；转移 n.转换，转移；轮班decay vi./vt.(使)腐朽，腐烂；衰变 n.腐烂；衰败analyze vt.分析occupation n.占领；占有；职业satisfaction n.满意，满足recognition n.认出；承认，公认positive a.确实的；积极的，肯定的；正的，阳性的Garm 加尔姆(俄国城市)underlie vt.支撑；构成(理论，政策，行为等)的基础stressful a.紧张的，压力重的renewal n.更新；重新开始impart vt.把…分给；给予(to)attach vt.固定住，系；附加，隶属；使喜爱Charles Richter 查尔斯·里克特leadership n.领导；［总称］领导人员Haicheng 海城(中国辽宁省城市)urban a.城市的，都市的research n.研究，调查 vi.调查，研究loom vi.隐隐呈现；逼近portray vt.描绘；描写；描述possession n.有，拥有；［常pl.］占有物；财产relaxation n.松弛，放松；缓和，减轻；休养California 加利福尼亚(美国州名)San Andreas fault (美)圣安德烈亚斯断层relevant a.贴切的，中肯的；与…有关的(to) desirable a.称心的，合意的，理想的acquire vt.获得，得到motivate vt.作为…的动机，激发。