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楼宇自动控制系统名词解析楼宇自动控制系统（Building Automation System，简称BAS）是一种综合性的智能化控制系统，用于管理大型建筑物中的各种设备和系统，如暖通空调、照明、电力、安防等。
在城市化进程中，楼宇自动控制系统起到了至关重要的作用，提高了建筑物的使用效率和能源利用效率。
以下是一些与楼宇自动控制系统相关的重要名词解析：1. 暖通空调系统（HVAC System）暖通空调系统是楼宇自动控制系统中的一个重要组成部分，用于控制室内环境的温度、湿度和新风量等。
该系统包括供暖、制冷、通风和空气净化等功能，并通过传感器和执行器实现自动化控制。
2. 照明控制系统（Lighting Control System）照明控制系统用于管理建筑物中的照明设备，通过传感器和智能控制算法实现对照明的自动化控制。
例如，根据光线和人员活动状况自动调节照明亮度，以实现节能减排和提高使用者的舒适度。
3. 动力控制系统（Power Control System）动力控制系统用于管理建筑物中的电力设备，如发电机、配电柜和电梯等。
该系统通过自动监测和控制电力负荷、短路保护和电能管理等，提高电力供应的稳定性和效率。
4. 安防系统（Security System）安防系统用于维护建筑物的安全性，包括监控、入侵报警、门禁和视频监控等功能。
楼宇自动控制系统可以集成各种安防设备，并通过智能算法实现对安防设备的集中控制和管理。
5. 能源管理系统（Energy Management System）能源管理系统用于监测、控制和优化建筑物的能源消耗和供应，提高能源利用效率。
通过实时监测能源消耗、分析数据和制定节能策略，能源管理系统可以减少能源浪费、降低能源成本，并对外部能源供应进行合理调度。
6. BMS系统（Building Management System）BMS系统是楼宇自动控制系统的核心组成部分，用于集成和管理各个子系统。
Power supply system of high-rise building designAbstract: With the continuous development of city size, more and more high-rise buildings, therefore, high-rise building electrical design to the designers had to face. In this paper, an engineering example, describes the electrical design of high-rise buildings and some of the more typical issues of universal significance, combined with the actual practice of an engineering solution to the problem described.Key words: high-rise building; electrical design; distribution; load calculation1 Project OverviewThe commercial complex project, with a total construction area of 405570m2, on the ground floor area of 272330m2, underground construction area of 133240m2, the main height of 99m. Project components are: two office buildings, construction area is 70800m2, 28 layers, the standard story is 3.2m.2 Load Calculation1) Load characteristics: electric load, much larger than the "national civil engineering technical measures" Large 120W/m2 indicators, especially in the electricity load more food, and different types of food and beverage catering different cultural backgrounds also high.2) the uncertainty of a large load, because the commercial real estate rents are often based on market demand, and constantly adjust the nature of the shops, making the load in the dynamic changes.3) There is no specification and technical measures in the different types of commercial projects refer to the detailed parameters of the shops, engineering design load calculation in the lack of data, in most cases to rely on staff with previous experience in engineering design calculations. Load the selection of parameters: for the above problems, the load calculation, the first developer of sales and good communication, to determine the form of layers of the forms and nature of floor area, which is calculated on the basis of electrical load basis; followed to determine parameter index within the unit area of shops is also very important and complex because there is no clear indicator of the specification can refer to; and different levels of economic development between cities is not balanced, power indices are also different; will be in the same city, different regions have different consumer groups .3) the need to factor in the choice: parameters determined, the need for load calculation. Need to factor commonly used method, the calculation will not repeat them. Need to explore is the need for coefficient selection, which in the current specifications, manuals and the "unified technical measures" is also not clear requirements, based on years of design experience that most end shops in the distribution or level within the household distribution box with case Kx generally take a while, in the calculation of the loop route to take 0.7 to 0.8, the distribution transformers in the substation calculations take 0.4 to 0.6.3 substations setLoad calculation based on the results of this project the total installed capacity of transformer 43400Kv.A, after repeated consultations with the power company, respectively, in the project innorthern, central and southern three sections set the three buildings into three power substations, 1 # set 6 sets 2500Kv.A transformer substation, take the northern section of power supply; 2 # 4 1600Kv.A transformer substations located, plus 6 sets 2000Kv.A transformers, take the middle of the power supply, in addition to 5 Taiwan 10Kv.A high-pressure water chillers (total 4000Kv.A); 3 # substation located 2 units plus 2 units 1000Kv.A 2000Kv.A transformers, take the southern section of A, B two office supply. 10Kv power configuration of this project into two points, each at the two 10Kv lines, the power company under the provisions of 10Kv power capacity: maximum load per channel is about to 11000Kv.A, two is the 22000Kv.A, design # 1 , 3 # combination of a substation 10Kv, power line, with a total capacity of 21000Kv.A; 2 # substation transformers and 10Kv, 10Kv chillers sharing a power line, with a total capacity of 22400Kv.A. The design of the substation layout, in addition to meeting regulatory requirements, it also need to consider the high-pressure cabinets, transformers and low voltage power supply cabinet by order of arrangement, especially in low voltage distribution cabinet to feed the cable smooth and easy inspection duty problems are not seriously consider the construction of the cable crossing will cause more long detour, a waste of floor space, and convenient inspections and other issues.4 small fire load power supplyIn the design of large commercial projects often encounter small fire load of electrical equipment and more dispersed distribution, if fed by a substation, a substation will be fed a lot of low-voltage low-current counter circuit breaking capacity circuit breaker and conductor of the dynamic and thermal stability in a certain extent. According to GB50045-1995 "fire protection design of tall buildings," rule "should be used in Fire Equipment dedicated power supply circuit, the power distribution equipment shall be provided with clear signs." Interpretation of the provisions of the power supply circuit means "from the low-voltage main distribution room (including the distribution of electrical room) to last a distribution box, and the general distribution lines should be strictly separated." In this design, the use of methods to increase the level of distribution, that is different from the substation bus segments, respectively, a fire fed a special circuit, set in place two distribution cabinets, distribution cabinets and then the resulting radial allocated to the end of the dual power to vote each box, so that not only meets the specification requirements for dedicated power supply circuit, but also to avoid feeding the substation level of many small current loop.5, the choice of circuit breaker and conductorCommercial real estate projects use the room as the uncertainty in the choice of circuit breakers and conductors must be considered in a certain margin to meet the needs caused by adjustment of the load changes. According to this characteristic, increased use in the design of the plug bus-powered, not only meet the requirements of large carrying capacity, and also allows the flexibility to increase supply and distribution, are reserved in each shaft in the plug-box backup in order to change, according to changes in upper and lower load, to adjust. For example: a bus is responsible for a shaft 1 to 3 layers of power, when a layer due to the change in capacity increases, while the 3-layer capacity is reduced, you can use a spare plug box layer off the 3-layer 1 layer capacity rationing . This level distribution in the substation, select the circuit breaker to choose the setting value when the circuit breaker to adjust to changes at the end to adjust the load setting value; in the bus and the transformer circuit breaker according to the choice of the general framework of values to select . For example: Route certain equipment capacity 530Kv, Kx take 0.7 to calculate current of 704A, select the frame circuit breaker is 1000A, tuning is 800A; currenttransformer for the 1000/50; bus carrying capacity for the 1000A, this road can meet the maximum 1000A current load requirements, even if there is adjustment, power distribution switches and circuit can not make big changes.6 layer distribution box setAccording to the division of layers of fire protection district, respectively numbered as A ~ K layers within the set level shaft for the retail lighting power distribution box, with one on one power supply shops in radial power. Should be noted that the forms of the complex layers of layers of fire partition, does not correspond to the lower, making some of shaft power in charge of the fire district at the same time, also responsible for the power supply adjacent to the fire district. At design time, using the principle of proximity, while also taking into account the burden of the whole trunk load conditions, so that each shaft as far as possible a more balanced load.7 public area distribution box setTaking into account the future needs of the business re-decoration of public areas must be reserved for power. Here the design needs to consider the following points: ①question of how much reserve power, lighting and electricity, which according to GB50034-2004"Architectural Lighting Design Standards" table of Article 6.1.3 and 6.1.8, commercial building lighting power density value, high-end supermarkets, business offices as 20W/m2, under the "decorative lighting included 50% of the total lighting power density calculation" requirements, using the reserved standard 40W/m2. ②In order to facilitate the decoration in each partition set fire lighting in public areas and emergency lighting distribution box distribution box, in order to identify the electrical power distribution decoration cut-off point.③the staircase, storage rooms and other parts of the decoration does not need to do, set the power distribution circuit or a separate distribution box, try not to be reserved from the public area of electricity distribution board fed hardcover out.④control of lighting in public areas, the majority in two ways, namely, C-BUS control system or the BA system, the use of C-BUS has the advantage of more flexible control, each road can be fed out of control, adjustable light control; shortcomings is a higher cost. BA system control advantages of using low cost, simple control; disadvantage is that the exchanges and contacts for the three-phase, three-way control may be related both to open, or both, in the decoration of the contacts required to feed the power supply circuit diverge to avoid failure blackouts.Design of distribution box 8In the commercial real estate design, shop design is often only a meter box, and outlet route back to the needs of the user according to their second design, but the shops are difficult to resolve within the power supply fan coil units, air-conditioning system as a whole can not debug. The project approach is to add a circuit breaker in the meter box for the coil power supply, another way for users to use the second design, as shown below.User distribution box design9 distribution cabinet / box number and distribution circuitsLarge-scale projects are often low voltage distribution cabinet / box number, low-voltage circuits to feed the more often there will be cabinet / box number and line number duplication, resulting in the design and the future looks difficult maintenance and overhaul. The project has three 10Kv substations, 20 transformer, hundreds of low-voltage fed out of the closet, fed the circuit more. Accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the Chinese nationalstandard requirements: ①All the distribution number to be simple and clear, not too box and line numbers are not repeated. ②number to simple and clear, not too long. ③distinction between nature and type of load. ④law was easy to find, make viewer at a glance. Based on the above requirements and on the ground, fire district and the underground construction industry form the different conditions, using two slightly different ways. Essential for the underground garage, uses a single comparison, also relatively fire district neat, according to fire district number, such as AL-BL-1 / 1, AP and APE, the meaning of the letters and numbers: AL on behalf of lighting distribution (AP on behalf of Power distribution box, APE on behalf of the emergency power distribution box); BI on behalf of the basement; 1 / 1 for partition 1, I fire box. Above ground is more complex, more fire district, and on the fire district does not correspond to the lower, according to shaft number is better, such as AL-1-A1, AP, and APE, letters and numbers mean: 1 represents a layer; A1 on behalf of A, No. 1 shaft fed a distribution box. Fed a low-voltage circuits, such as the number of uses: W3-6-AL-1-A1, W3-6) indicates that the route back to power supply transformer 3, 6, feed the power distribution cabinet, AL-1-A1, said the then the first loop of the distribution box for the AL-1-A1 and so on, and so on.10 ConclusionWith more and more complex commercial design projects, designers need to continually improve the design level, designed to make fine. These are only bits of the design in the business lessons learned, and the majority of designers want to communicate高层建筑供配电系统设计摘要：随着城市规模的不断发展，高层建筑越来越多，因此，高层建筑电气设计就成为设计者不得不面对的问题。
楼宇自动控制系统名词解析
楼宇自动控制系统是指通过电子设备和计算机技术，对大型楼宇内部的照明、空调、电梯、安全、能源等方面进行智能化控制和管理的系统。
以下是楼宇自动控制系统中常用的名词解析：
1. BMS（Building Management System）：楼宇管理系统，也叫建筑自动化系统，是指通过计算机技术对建筑物进行智能化管理的系统。
2. EMS（Energy Management System）：能源管理系统，是指对建筑物内部的能源使用进行监测、分析和控制，以实现节能降耗的系统。
3. HVAC（Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning）：暖通空调系统，是指对建筑物内部的温度、湿度、气流等因素进行调节的系统。
4. CCTV（Closed Circuit Television）：闭路电视监控系统，是指对建筑物内部进行视频监控和录像的系统。
5. Access Control System（门禁系统）：是指对建筑物内部的出入口进行控制的系统，通常包括门禁卡、密码锁、指纹识别等方式。
6. Fire Alarm System（火灾报警系统）：是指对建筑物内部进行火灾监测和报警的系统，包括烟雾探测器、火灾声光报警器等设备。
7. Elevator Control System（电梯控制系统）：是指对建筑物内部的电梯进行管理和控制的系统，包括调度、限制、监控等功能。
8. Lighting Control System（照明控制系统）：是指对建筑物
内部的照明设备进行控制和管理的系统，包括灯光亮度、颜色、定时等功能。
THPGP-1型楼宇供配电及照明系统实验装置目录第一部分 THPGP-1型楼宇供配电及照明系统介绍 (1)概述 (1)第一章楼宇供配电及照明控制部分（控制屏） (3)第二章 THPGP-1型照明系统演示柜 (6)第三章 THPGP-1型上位机工程软件的安装与使用 (7)第二部分实验的基本要求与安全操作规程 (16)第一章实验的基本要求 (16)第二章安全操作规程 (18)第三部分 THPGP-1 实验内容 (19)第一章供配电子系统实验 (19)实验一智能建筑的供电运行方式实验 (19)实验二典型楼层配电运行方式实验 (21)实验三供配电系统中运行线路状态的现场监测和控制实验 (24)实验四备自投联动控制实验 (25)实验五双电源自动切换控制实验 (28)实验六应急电源自动投入和退出运行控制实验 (32)实验七功率因数补偿实验 (34)实验八与消防自动报警系统的联动实验 (36)实验九供配电监控系统运行调度实验 (37)第二章照明子系统实验 (38)实验一常用照明开关特性实验 (38)实验二楼宇普通照明配电方式实验 (40)实验三应急照明配电方式实验 (43)实验四时间表控制模式下的照明控制实验 (45)实验五情景切换控制模式下的照明控制实验 (47)实验六远程强制控制模式下的照明控制实验 (50)实验七动态控制模式下的照明控制实验 (51)实验八照明系统与消防系统联动实验 (54)实验九照明监控系统运行调度实验 (55)第三章建筑设备监控系统实验 (56)实验一照明子系统和供配电子系统联合监控实验 (56)实验二与其它建筑设备子系统的联合监控运行扩展实验 (57)第四部分附录 (58)附录一 JKL5CF智能无功补偿控制器使用说明书 (58)附录二 THPIL-1型智能调光控制器使用说明 (60)第一部分 THPGP-1型楼宇供配电及照明系统介绍概述在智能建筑的组成结构中，建筑设备自动化系统BAS是智能建筑的核心内容。
