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人力资源管理专业术语中英文对照表人力资源管理(Human Resource Management ,HRM)人力资源经理:( human resource manager)高级管理人员:(executive)职业:(profession)道德标准:(ethics)操作工:(operative employees)专家:(specialist)人力资源认证协会:(the Human Resource Certification Institute,HRCI)外部环境:(external environment)内部环境:(internal environment)政策:(policy)企业文化:(corporate culture)目标:(mission)股东:(shareholders)非正式组织:(informal organization)跨国公司:(multinational corporation,MNC)管理多样性:(managing diversity)工作:(job)职位:(posting)工作分析:(job analysis)工作说明:(job description)工作规范:(job specification)工作分析计划表:(job analysis schedule,JAS)职位分析问卷调查法:(Management Position Description Questionnaire,MPDQ) 行政秘书:(executive secretary)地区服务经理助理:(assistant district service manager)人力资源计划:(Human Resource Planning,HRP)战略规划:(strategic planning)长期趋势:(long term trend)要求预测:(requirement forecast)供给预测:(availability forecast)管理人力储备:(management inventory)裁减:(downsizing)人力资源信息系统:(Human Resource Information System,HRIS)招聘:(recruitment)员工申请表:(employee requisition)招聘方法:(recruitment methods)内部提升:(Promotion From Within ,PFW)工作公告:(job posting)广告:(advertising)职业介绍所:(employment agency)特殊事件:(special events)实习:(internship)选择:(selection)选择率:(selection rate)简历:(resume)标准化:(standardization)有效性:(validity)客观性:(objectivity)规范:(norm)录用分数线:(cutoff score)准确度:(aiming)业务知识测试:(job knowledge tests)求职面试:(employment interview)非结构化面试:(unstructured interview)结构化面试:(structured interview)小组面试:(group interview)职业兴趣测试:(vocational interest tests)会议型面试:(board interview).组织变化与人力资源开发人力资源开发:(Human Resource Development,HRD) 培训:(training)开发:(development)定位:(orientation)训练:(coaching)辅导:(mentoring)经营管理策略:(business games)案例研究:(case study)会议方法:(conference method)角色扮演:(role playing)工作轮换:(job rotating)在职培训:(on-the-job training ,OJT)媒介:(media)企业文化与组织发展企业文化:(corporate culture)组织发展:(organization development,OD)调查反馈:(survey feedback)质量圈:(quality circles)目标管理:(management by objective,MBO)全面质量管理:(Total Quality Management,TQM)团队建设:(team building)职业计划与发展职业:(career)职业计划:(career planning)职业道路:(career path)职业发展:(career development)自我评价:(self-assessment)职业动机:(career anchors)绩效评价绩效评价:(Performance Appraisal,PA)小组评价:(group appraisal)业绩评定表:(rating scales method)关键事件法:(critical incident method)排列法:(ranking method)平行比较法:(paired comparison)硬性分布法:(forced distribution method)晕圈错误:(halo error)宽松:(leniency)严格:(strictness)反馈:(-degree feedback)叙述法:(essay method)集中趋势:(central tendency)报酬与福利报酬:(compensation)直接经济报酬:(direct financial compensation)间接经济报酬:(indirect financial compensation)非经济报酬:(no financial compensation)公平:(equity)外部公平:(external equity)内部公平:(internal equity)员工公平:(employee equity)小组公平:(team equity)工资水平领先者:(pay leaders)现行工资率:(going rate)工资水平居后者:(pay followers)劳动力市场:(labor market)工作评价:(job evaluation)排列法:(ranking method)分类法:(classification method)因素比较法:(factor comparison method)评分法:(point method)海氏指示图表个人能力分析法:(Hay Guide Chart-profile Method) 工作定价:(job pricing)工资等级:(pay grade)工资曲线:(wage curve)工资幅度:(pay range)福利和其它报酬问题福利(间接经济补偿)员工股权计划:(employee stock ownership plan,ESOP)值班津贴:(shift differential)奖金:(incentive compensation)分红制:(profit sharing)安全与健康的工作环境安全:(safety)健康:(health)频率:(frequency rate)紧张:(stress)角色冲突:(role conflict)催眠法:(hypnosis)酗酒:(alcoholism)员工和劳动关系工会:(union)地方工会:(local union)行业工会:(craft union)产业工会:(industrial union)全国工会:(national union)谈判组:(bargaining union)劳资谈判:(collective bargaining)仲裁:(arbitration)罢工:(strike)内部员工关系:(internal employee relations)纪律:(discipline)纪律处分:(disciplinary action)申诉:(grievance)降职:(demotion)调动:(transfer)晋升:(promotion)部门名称1.Personnel Department 人事部2.Human Resource Department 人力资源部3.Sales Department 营销部4.Product Development Department 产品开发部5.Public Relations Department 公关部6.Marketing Department 市场部7.Finance Department 财会部8.Purchasing （Procurement ） Department 采购部9.After-sale Service Department 售后服务部10.Quality Control Department 品管部职位名称1.Chairman of the Board 董事长PS:2.President （Am E.）总裁3.Executive Vice-President 执行副总裁4.Managing Director 行政董事5.Executive Manager ，General Manager 总经理6.Deputy General Manager 副总经理7.Section Manager 部门经理，科长8.Sales Manager 销售部经理9.Assistant Manager 助理经理（副经理）10.Manager 主任11.Sales Representative 销售代表12.Supervisor 总管13.executive 高中级管理人员14.clerk 职员Accounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist 职员／接待员Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer 计算机工程师Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人Deputy General Manager 副总经理Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Engineering Technician 工程技术员English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师Export Sales Manager 外销部经理Export Sales Staff 外销部职员Financial Controller 财务主任Financial Reporter 财务报告人F.X. (Foreign Exchange) Clerk 外汇部职员F.X. Settlement Clerk 外汇部核算员Fund Manager 财务经理General Auditor 审计长General Manager/President 总经理General Manager Assistant 总经理助理General Manager‘s Secretary 总经理秘书Hardware Engineer （计算机）硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff 进口联络员Import Manager 进口部经理Insurance Actuary 保险公司理赔员International Sales Staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal Adviser 法律顾问Line Supervisor 生产线主管Maintenance Engineer 维修工程师Management Consultant 管理顾问Manager 经理Manager for Public Relations 公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing Worker 生产员工Market Analyst 市场分析员Market Development Manager 市场开发部经理Marketing Manager 市场销售部经理Marketing Staff 市场销售员Marketing Assistant 销售助理Marketing Executive 销售主管Marketing Representative 销售代表Marketing Representative Manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Mining Engineer 采矿工程师Music Teacher 音乐教师Naval Architect 造船工程师Office Assistant 办公室助理Office Clerk 职员Operational Manager 业务经理Package Designer 包装设计师Passenger Reservation Staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk 人事部职员Personnel Manager 人事部经理Plant/Factory Manager 厂长Postal Clerk 邮政人员Private Secretary 私人秘书Product Manager 生产部经理Production Engineer 产品工程师Professional Staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project Staff （项目）策划人员Promotional Manager 推销部经理Proof-reader 校对员Purchasing Agent 采购（进货）员Quality Control Engineer 质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff 房地产职员Recruitment Coordinator 招聘协调人Regional Manger 地区经理Research & Development Engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager 饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff 销售计划员Sales Assistant 销售助理Sales Clerk 店员、售货员Sales Coordinator 销售协调人Sales Engineer 销售工程师Sales Executive 销售主管Sales Manager 销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller Representative 销售代表Sales Supervisor 销售监管School Registrar 学校注册主任Secretarial Assistant 秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securities Custody Clerk 保安人员Security Officer 安全人员Senior Accountant 高级会计Senior Consultant/Adviser 高级顾问Senior Employee 高级雇员Senior Secretary 高级秘书ervice Manager 服务部经理Simultaneous Interpreter 同声传译员Software Engineer （计算机）软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems Adviser 系统顾问Systems Engineer 系统工程师Systems Operator 系统操作员Technical Editor 技术编辑Technical Translator 技术翻译 Technical Worker 技术工人 TelecommunicationExecutive 电讯（电信）员 Telephonist/Operator 电话接线员、话务员Tourist Guide 导游Trade Finance Executive 贸易财务主管 Trainee Manager 培训部经理Translation Checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust Banking Executive 银行高级职员 Typist Word Processing Operator 文字处理操作员打字员人工成本 labor costs 路试员 Road test staff 路试员 Inspector扣分员 Point deduction staff车型综合负责人 Vehicle c omprehensive p erson i n c harge 质量分析工艺员质量审核技术员 Quality audit technician频次检查员 Frequency inspector专业牵头人 Specialized coordination person 夹具调整工 Jig adjuster几何尺寸工艺员 Geometry craft 焊装工艺员 Welding craftAssembly craft 、Painting craft 、Stamping craftAbdication 弃权，辞职标定技术员 Calibration Technician 工艺员 Craft 快速反应技术员 Quick Response Technician 督导工 Supervisory workers 返修确认 repair confirming 公休加班 Closed overtime 假日加班 Holiday Overtime延点加班 Extension point overtimeAbility test 能力测试Ability to work 劳动能力Above normal loss 超正常损失Absence without leave 旷工Absentee 旷工者Abstention from labor 怠工Abundance of labor 劳动力过剩Abusive dismissal 滥用权力解雇Accession rate 职工增加率Accident and health insurance 事故和健康保险Accident and sick benefit 事故与疾病津贴Accident beyond control 不可抗力灾害Accident death insurance 事故死亡保险Accident insurance 事故保险Accident prevention 事故预防Accidental death benefit 事故死亡补助费Accountability 责任、职责、负有责任Accrued vacation time 累积假期Accrued wage 应计工资Accumulated leave 积存假期、存休Accumulated operational time 累积工作时间Accumulation fund 公积金Across-the-board p ay i ncrease /decrease 普调薪，普降薪Action group 行动小组Action learning 行动学习Action of rescision 解除合同诉讼Action skill 行动技能Action trainingActive employee 现有雇员Activity authority structure 业务职权结构Activity classification 操作分类Activity cost 活动成本Activity duration 活动持续时间Activity line 作业线Activity list 作业工序Actual hour 实际工时Actual hour work 实际工作Actual performance 实际绩效Adaptability 适应能力Adaptability test 适应能力测试Adaptation of s upply to demand 供求一致Additional allowance 额为津贴Additional budget 追加预算Additional labor costs 附加人工成本Additional wage 附加工资Administration authority 管理职权Administration control / expensesAdministrative bureau for industry and commerce 工商行政管理局Administrative cost 管理成本Administrative decision 管理决策Administrative employee 管理人员Administrative engineer 管理工程师Administrative guidance 管理指导Administrative standard 管理标准Administrative service 后勤服务Advance on wage /advance wages /salary 预付工资Advanced human capital 高级人力资本Adverse minimum point 最小成本点Affirmative action 肯定行动，希望行动Afternoon shift 下午班、中班Age composition 年龄组成Age distribution 年龄分布Age pattern analysis 年龄格局Age of retirement 退休年龄Age-sex composition of the labor force 劳动力的年龄性别组成Aggregate manpower budget 总体人力预算Aggregate output/production 总产量Aggregate plan 总体计划Aggregate production planning 总体生产计划Aggregate production rate 总体生产率Aggressiveness 进取心，积极性Aging population 人口老化Agreed holiday 公休Aided recall 帮助记忆法All levels o f management 各级管理Allocate 配置分配Allocation model 分配模型Allocation of charges/expenses 费用分配Allocation of labor 劳动力分配Allocation of resources 资源分配Allocation system 分配制度Allowance for overtime work 加班费，加班津贴Allowance in kind 实物津贴All-round worker 熟练工Alternate 预备工人、接替者Amount of salary 薪金额Amount of wages 工资额Analysis of l abor cost 人工成本分析Analysis of expenditure 费用分析Analysis of unpaid wages 未付工资分析Analysis of wage variance 工资差异分析Analytic work evaluation 分析工作评价Anchor job 关键工作Annual output 年产量Annual overall plan 年度综合计划Annual pay /salary /wage 年薪Annual pension 年养老金Annual premium 年保险费Annual production 年产量Annual revenue 年收入Annual wage audit 年度工资审计Annual working program 年度工作计划Annuity 年金、年金享受权、养老金Antecedent 前事、经历Anthropogenic factor 人为因素Antiunion agreement 反工会合同Antiunion practices 反工会手段。
人力资源管理专业术语中英文对照表人力资源管理：Human Resource Management , HRM人力资源经理：Human resource manager高级管理人员：Executive职业：Profession道德标准：ethics操作工：operative employees专家：specialist人力资源认证协会：the human resource certification institute ,HRCI外部环境：external environment内部环境：internal environment政策：policy企业文化：corporate culture目标：mission股东：shareholders非正式组织：informal organization跨国公司：multinational corporation ,MNC管理多样性：managing diversity工作：job职位：posting工作分析：job analysis工作说明：job description工作规范：job specification工作计划分析表：job analysis schedule ,JAS职位分析问卷调查法：Management position description questionnaire ,MPDQ 行政秘书：executive secretary地区服务经理助理：assistant disterict service manager人力资源计划：human resource planning HRP战略规划：strategic planning长期趋势：long term trend要求预测：requirement forecast供给预测：availability forecast管理人力储备：management inventory裁减：downsizing人力资源信息系统：human resource information system，HRIS招聘：recruitment员工申请表：employee requisition招聘方法：recruitment methods内部提升：promotion from within ,PFW工作公告：job posting广告：advertising职业介绍所：employment agency特殊事件：special events实习：internship选择：selection选择率：selection rate简历：resume标准化：standardization有效性：validity客观性：objectivity规范：norm录用分数线：cutoff score准确度：aiming业务知识测试：job knowledge tests求职面试：employment interview非结构化面试：unstructured interview结构化面试：structured interview小组面试：group interview职业兴趣测试：vocational interest tests会议型面试：board interview组织变化与人力资源开发人力资源开发：human resource development，HRD 培训：training开发：development定位：orientation训练：coaching辅导：mentoring经营管理策略：business games案例研究：case study会议方法：conference method角色扮演：role playing工作轮换：job rotating在职培训：on-the-job-training ，OJT媒介：media企业文化与组织发展：企业文化：corporation culture组织发展：organization development ，OD调查反馈：survey feedback质量圈：quality circles目标管理：management by objective ，MBO全面质量管理：Total quality management ,TQM 团队建设：team building职业计划与发展职业：career职业计划：career planning职业道路：career path职业发展career development自我评价：self-assessment职业动机：career anchors绩效评价绩效评价：performance appraisal ，PA小组评价：group appraisal业绩评定表：rating scales method关键事件法：critical incident method排列法：ranking comparison平行比较法：paired comparison硬性分布法：forced distribution method晕圈错误：halo error宽松：leniency严格：strictness反馈：degree feedback叙述法：essay method集中趋势：central tendency报酬与福利报酬：compensation直接经济报酬：direct financial compensation间接经济报酬：indirect financial compensation 非经济报酬：no financial compensation公平：equity外部公平：external equity内部公平：internal equity员工公平：employee equity小组公平：team equity工资水平领先者：pay leaders劳动力市场：labor market工作评价：job evaluation排列法：ranking method分类法：classification method因素比较法：factor comparison method评分法：point method海氏指示图标个人能力分析法：Hay Guide Chart – profile Method 工作定价：job pricing工资等级：pay grade工资曲线：wage curve工资幅度：pay range福利和其他报酬问题：福利（间接经济补偿）员工股权计划：employee stock ownership 破烂,ESOP值班津贴：shift differential奖金：incentive compensation分红制：profit sharing安全与健康的工作环境：安全：safety健康：health频率：frequency rate紧张：stress角色冲突：role conflict催眠法：hypnosis酗酒：alcoholism员工和劳动关系工会：union地方工会：local union行业工会：craft union全国工会：national union谈判组：bargaining union劳资谈判：collective bargaining仲裁：arbitration罢工：strike内部员工关系：internal employee relation纪律：discipline纪律处分：disciplinary action申诉：grievance降职：demotion调动：transfer晋升：promotion部门名称人事部：personnel department人力资源部：human resource department营销部：salesman department产品开发部：product development department公关部：public relationship department市场部：marketing department财会部：finance department采购部：purchasing （procurement）department 售后服务部：after-sale service department品管部：quality control department职位名称：董事长：chairman of the board总裁：president （Am E.）执行副总裁：executive vice – president行政董事：managing director总经理：executive manager ，general manager 副总经理：deputy general manager部门经理，科长：section manager销售部经理：sales manager助理经理（副经理）：assistant manager主任：manager销售代表：sales representative主管：supervisor高中级管理人员：executive职员：clerkAccounting assistant 会计助理Accounting clerk 记账员Accounting manager 会计部助理Accounting stall 会计部职员Accounting supervisor 会计主管Administration manager 行政经理Administration staff 行政人员Administrative assistant 行政助理Administrative clerk 行政办事员Advertising staff 广告工作人员Airlines sales representative 航空公司订座员Airlines staff 航空公司职员Application engineer 应用工程师Assistant manager 副经理Bond analyst 证券分析员Bond trader 证券交易员Business controller 业务主任Business manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical engineer 化学工程师Civil engineer 土木工程师Clerk / receptionist 职员/ 接待员Clerk typist & secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer data input operator 计算机资料录入员Computer engineer 计算机工程师Computer processing operator 计算机处理操作员Computer system manager 计算机系统部经理Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人Deputy general manager 副总经理Economic research assistant 经济研究助理Electrical engineer 电气工程师English instructor / teacher 英语教师Export sales manager 外销部经理Export sales staff 外销部职员Financial controller 财务主任Financial reporter 财务报告人F．X. ( foreign exchange ) clerk 外汇部职员F．X. settlement clerk 外汇部核算员Fund manager 财务经理General auditor 审计长General manager / president 总经理General manager assistant 总经理助理General manager’s secretary 总经理秘书Hardware engineer （计算机）硬件工程师Import liaison staff 进口联络员Impor manager 进口部经理Insurance actuary 保险公司理赔员International sales staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal adviser 法律顾问Line supervisor 生产线主管Maintenance engineer 维修工程师Management consultant 管理顾问Manager 经理Manager for public relations 公关部经理Manufacturing engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing worker 生产员工Market analyst 市场分析员Market development manager 市场开发部经理Marketing manager 市场销售部经理Marketing staff 市场销售员Marketingassistant销售助理Marketing executive 销售主管Marketing representative 销售代表Marketing representative manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical engineer 机械工程师Mineing engineer 采矿工程师Music teacher 音乐教师Naval architect 造船工程师Office assistant 办公室助理Office clerk 职员Operational manager 业务经理Package designer 包装设计师Passenger reservation staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel clerk 人事部职员Personnel manager 人事部经理Plant / factory manager 厂长Postal clerk 邮政人员Private secretary 私人秘书Product manager 生产部经理Production engineer 产品工程师Professional staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project staff （项目）策划人员Promotion manager 推销部经理Proof – reader 校对员Purchasing agent 采购（进货）员Quality control engineer 质量管理工程师Real estate staff 房地产职员Recruitment coordinator 招聘协调员Regional manager 地区经理Research & development engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant manager 饭店经理Sales and planning staff 销售计划员Sales assistant 销售助理Sales clerk 店员、售货员Sales coordinator 销售协调员Sales engineer 销售工程师Sales executive 销售主管Sales manager 销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller representative 销售代表Sales supervisor 销售监管School registrar 学校注册主任Secretarial assistant 秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securities custody clerk 保安人员Security officer 安全人员Senior accountant 高级会计Senior consultant / adviser 高级顾问Senior employee 高级雇员Senior secretary 高级秘书Service manager 服务部经理Simultaneous interpreter 同声传译员Software engineer （计算机）软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems adviser 系统顾问Systems engineer 系统工程师Systems operator 系统操作员Technical editor 技术编辑Technical translator 技术翻译Technical worker 技术工人Telecommunication executive 电讯（电信）员Telephonist / operator 电话接线员、话务员Tourist guide 导游Trade finance executive 贸易财务主管Trainee manager 培训部经理Translation checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust banking executive 银行高级职员Typist 打字员Word processing operator 文字处理操作员。
组装、冲压、喷漆、塑料成型等机械专业词汇Assembly line组装线Layout布置图Conveyer流水线物料板Rivet table拉钉机Rivet gun拉钉枪Screw driver起子Electric screw driver电动起子Pneumatic screw driver气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA开箱检查fit together组装在一起fasten锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet栈板barcode条形码barcode scanner条形码扫描仪fuse together熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME制造工程师MT制造生技cosmetic inspect外观检查inner parts inspect内部检查thumb screw大头螺丝lbs镑inch英寸EMI gasket导电条front plate前板rear plate后板chassis基座bezel panel面板power button电源按键reset button重置键Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS电源电压接柆键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts塑料件SOP (Standard OperatingProcedure) 制造作业程序material check list物料检查表work cell工作间trolley台车carton纸箱sub-line支线left fork叉车Personnel resourcedepartment人力资源部production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer刨床miller铣床grinder磨床driller钻床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=riveting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager=vicemanager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor=vicesection supervisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturingprocedure制程不良oxidation氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位1stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板bolt螺栓name of a department部门名称administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzer蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单screwdriver holder起子插座pedal踩踏板stopper阻挡器flow board流水板hydraulic handjack油压板车forklift叉车pallet栈板glove(s)手套glove(s) with exposed fingers割手套thumb大拇指forefinger食指midfinger中指ring finger无名指little finger小指band-aid创可贴industrial alcohol工业酒精alcohol container沾湿台head of screwdriver起子头sweeper扫把mop拖把vacuum cleaner吸尘器rag 抹布garbage container灰箕garbage can垃圾箱garbage bag垃圾袋chain链条jack升降机production line流水线chain链条槽magnetizer加磁器lamp holder灯架to mop the floor拖地to clean the floor扫地to clean a table擦桌子air pipe 气管packaging tool打包机packaging打包missing part漏件wrong part错件excessive defects过多的缺陷critical defect极严重缺陷major defect主要缺陷minor defect次要缺陷not up to standard不合规格dimension/size is a little bigger尺寸偏大(小)cosmetic defect外观不良slipped screw head/slipperyscrew head螺丝滑头slipped screw head/slipperyscrew thread滑手speckle斑点mildewed=moldy=mouldy发霉rust生锈deformation变形burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边poor staking铆合不良excessive gap间隙过大grease/oil stains油污inclusion杂质painting peel off脏污shrinking/shrinkage缩水mixed color杂色scratch划伤poor processing 制程不良poor incoming part事件不良fold of packaging belt打包带折皱painting make-up补漆discoloration羿色water spots水渍polishing/surface processing表面处理exposed metal/bare metal金属裸露lack of painting烤漆不到位safety安全quality品质delivery deadline交货期cost成本engineering工程die repair模修enterprise plan = enterpriseexpansion projects企划QC品管die worker模工production, to produce生产equipment设备to start a press开机stop/switch off a press关机classification整理regulation整顿cleanness清扫conservation清洁culture教养qualified products, up-to-gradeproducts良品defective products, notup-to-grade products不良品waste废料board广告牌feeder送料机sliding rack滑料架defective product box不良品箱die change 换模to fix a die装模to take apart a die拆模to repair a die修模2packing material包材basket蝴蝶竺plastic basket胶筐isolating plate baffle plate; barricade隔板carton box纸箱to pull and stretch拉深to put material in place, to cut material, to input落料to impose lines压线to compress, compressing压缩character die字模to feed, feeding送料transportation运输(be)qualified, up to grade合格not up to grade, not qualified不合格material change, stock change 材料变更feature change 特性变更evaluation评估prepare for, make preparations for 准备parameters参数rotating speed, revolution转速manufacture management制造管理abnormal handling异常处理production unit生产单位lots of production生产批量steel plate钢板roll material卷料manufacture procedure制程operation procedure作业流程to revise, modify修订to switch over to, switch---to throw--over switching over切换engineering, project difficulty工程瓶颈stage die工程模automation自动化to stake, staking, riveting铆合add lubricating oil加润滑油shut die架模shut height of a die架模高度analog-mode device类模器die lifter举模器argon welding氩焊Vocabulary for stamping冲压常词汇stamping, press冲压punch press, dieing out press冲床uncoiler & straightener整平机feeder送料机rack, shelf, stack料架cylinder油缸robot机械手taker取料机conveyer belt输送带transmission rack输送架top stop上死点bottom stop下死点one stroke一行程inch寸动to continue, cont.连动to grip(material)吸料location lump, locating piece,block stop 定位块reset复位smoothly顺利dent压痕scratch刮伤deformation变形filings铁削to draw holes抽孔inquiry, search for查寻to stock, storage, in stock库存receive领取approval examine and verify审核processing, to process加工delivery, to deliver 交货To return delivery to. to senddelivery back to return of goods退货registration登记registration card登记卡to control管制to put forward and hand in提报safe stock安全库存acceptance = receive验收to notice通知application form for purchase请购单consume, consumption消耗to fill in填写abrasion磨损reverse angle = chamfer倒角character die字模to collect, to gather收集failure, trouble故障statistics统计demand and supply需求career card履历卡to take apart a die卸下模具to load a die装上模具to tight a bolt拧紧螺栓to looser a bolt拧松螺栓to move away a die plate移走范本easily damaged parts易损件standard parts标准件Breaking. (be)broken,(be)cracked断裂to lubricate润滑common vocabulary for dieengineering模具工程常用词汇die 模具figure file, chart file图檔cutting die, blanking die冲裁模Progressive die, follow (-on)die连续模compound die复合模punched hole冲孔panel board镶块to cut edges=side cut=side scrap切边to bending折弯to pull, to stretch拉伸Line stretching, line pulling线拉伸engraving, to engrave刻印3upsiding down edges翻边to stake铆合designing, to design设计design modification设计变化die block模块folded block折弯块sliding block滑块location pin定位销lifting pin顶料销die plate, front board范本padding block垫块stepping bar垫条upper die base上模座lower die base下模座upper supporting blank上承板upper padding plate blank上垫板spare dies模具备品spring 弹簧bolt螺栓document folder活页夹file folder资料夹to put file in order整理资料spare tools location手工备品仓first count初盘人first check初盘复棹人second count 复盘人second check复盘复核人equipment设备waste materials废料work in progress product在制品casing = containerization装箱quantity of physical inventory second count 复盘点数量Quantity of customs count会计师盘,点数量the first page第一联filed by accounting department for reference会计部存查end-user/usingunit(department)使用单位Summary of year-end physical inventory bills年终盘点截止单据汇总表bill name单据名称This sheet and physicalinventory list will be sent toaccounting departmenttogether (Those of NHK will besent to financial department)本表请与盘点清册一起送会计部－(NHK厂区送财会部)Application status records ofyear-end physical inventoryList and physical inventorycard 年终盘点卡与清册使用－状况明细表Blank and waste sheet NO.空白与作废单号plate电镀mold成型material for engineering moldtesting工程试模材料not included in physicalinventory不列入盘点sample样品incoming material to beinspected进货待验description品名steel/rolled steel钢材Material statistics sheet物料统计明细表meeting minutes会议记录meeting type 会别distribution department分发单位location地点chairman主席present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by /prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly productionschedule sheetPCE组装厂生产排配表model机锺work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审approved by核准department部门Stock age analysis sheet库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞To be inspected or reworked待验或重工total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表notes说明Year-end physical inventorydifference analysis sheet年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity账面数量difference quantity差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-goodparts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库4on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button 圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkali dipping脱脂(浸碱去油脂)main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬de-smut剥黑膜D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条形码flow chart流程窗体assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer备品coordinate坐标dismantle the die折模auxiliary function辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾de-rusting machine除锈机de-gate打浇口dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸convex凹short射料不足nick缺口speck瑕疪shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕de-lamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线patent专利grit沙砾granule=grain细粒grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车mill锉plane刨grind磨drill钻boring镗blister气泡fillet镶;嵌边through-hole form通孔形式roller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄5crank shaft曲柄轴angular offset角度偏差velocity速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化alloy合金tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison联络单volatile挥发性resistance电阻ion离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机模具工程类plain die简易模pierce die冲孔模forming die成型模progressive die连续模gang dies复合模shearing die剪边模riveting die铆合模pierce冲孔forming成型(抽凸,冲凸)draw hole抽孔bending折弯trim切边emboss凸点dome凸圆semi-shearing半剪stamp mark冲记号deburr or coin压毛边punch riveting冲压铆合side stretch侧冲压平reel stretch卷圆压平groove压线blanking下料stamp letter冲字(料号)shearing剪断tick-mark nearside正面压印tick-mark farside反面压印冲压名称类extension dwg展开图procedure dwg工程图die structure dwg模具结构图material材质material thickness料片厚度factor系数upward向上downward向下press specification冲床规格die height range适用模高die height闭模高度burr毛边gap间隙weight重量total wt.总重量punch wt.上模重量五金零件类inner guiding post内导柱inner hexagon screw内六角螺钉dowel pin固定销coil spring弹簧lifter pin顶料销eq-height sleeves=spool等高套筒pin销lifter guide pin浮升导料销guide pin导正销wire spring圆线弹簧outer guiding post外导柱stop screw止付螺丝located pin定位销outer bush外导套范本类top plate上托板（顶板）top block上垫脚punch set上模座punch pad上垫板punch holder上夹板stripper pad脱料背板up stripper上脱料板male die公模(凸模)feature die公母模female die母模(凹模)upper plate上范本lower plate下范本die pad下垫板die holder下夹板die set下模座bottom block下垫脚bottom plate下托板(底板)stripping plate内外打(脱料板)outer stripper外脱料板inner stripper内脱料板lower stripper下脱料板零件类punch冲头insert入块(嵌入件)de-burring punch压毛边冲子groove punch压线冲子stamped punch字模冲子round punch圆冲子special shape punch异形冲子bending block折刀roller滚轴baffle plate挡块located block定位块Supporting block for location定位支承块air cushion plate气垫板air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆trimming punch切边冲子stiffening rib punch = stinger加强筋冲子ribbon punch压筋冲子reel-stretch punch卷圆压平冲子guide plate定位板sliding block滑块sliding dowel block滑块固定块6active plate活动板lower sliding plate下滑块板upper holder block上压块upper mid plate上中间板spring box弹簧箱spring-box eject-rod弹簧箱顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套cover plate盖板guide pad导料块塑件&模具相关英文compression molding压缩成型flash mold溢流式模具positive mold挤压式模具split mold分割式模具cavity型控母模core模心公模taper锥拔leather cloak仿皮革shiver饰纹flow mark流痕welding mark溶合痕post screw insert螺纹套筒埋值self tapping screw自攻螺丝striper plate脱料板piston活塞cylinder汽缸套chip细碎物handle mold掌上型模具移转成型用模具encapsulation molding低压封装成型射出成型用模具two plate两极式（模具）well type蓄料井insulated runner绝缘浇道方式hot runner热浇道runner plat浇道模块valve gate阀门浇口band heater环带状的电热器spindle阀针spear head刨尖头slag well冷料井cold slag冷料渣air vent排气道h=0.02~0.05mmw=3.2mmL=3~5mmwelding line熔合痕eject pin顶出针knock pin顶出销return pin回位销反顶针sleeve套筒stripper plate脱料板insert core放置入子runner stripper plate浇道脱料板guide pin导销eject rod (bar)（成型机）顶业捧subzero深冷处理three plate三极式模具runner system浇道系统stress crack应力电裂orientation定向squirt gate射料浇口，直浇口nozzle射嘴squirt lock pin料头钩销(拉料杆)slag well冷料井side gate侧浇口edge gate侧缘浇口tab gate搭接浇口film gate薄膜浇口flash gate闸门浇口slit gate缝隙浇口fan gate扇形浇口dish gate因盘形浇口H=F=1/2t~1/5tT=2.5~3.5mmdiaphragm gate隔膜浇口ring gate环形浇口submarine gate潜入式浇口tunnel gate隧道式浇口pin gate针点浇口Φ0.8~1.0mmRunner less无浇道(squirt less)无射料管方式long nozzle延长喷嘴方式7质量人员名称类QC quality control 品质管理人员FQC final quality control 终点质量管理人员IPQC in process quality control 制程中的质量管理人员OQC output quality control 最终出货质量管理人员IQC incoming quality control 进料质量管理人员TQC total quality control 全面质量管理PQC passage quality control 段检人员QA quality assurance 质量保证人员OQA output quality assurance 出货质量保证人员QE quality engineering 质量工程人员质量保证类FAI first article inspection 新品首件检查FAA first article assurance 首件确认TVR tool verification report 模具确认报告3B 3B (3 tooling booking items) 模具正式投产前确认(压力、温度/油,水、料) CP capability index 能力指数CPK capability index of process 模具制程能力参数SSQA standardized supplier quality 合格供货商质量评估OOBA out of box audit 开箱检查QFD quality function deployment 质量机能展开FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis 失效模式分析8D 8 disciplines 8项回复内容FA final audit 最后一次稽核CAR corrective action request 改正行动要求corrective action report 改正行动报告FQC运作类AQL Acceptable Quality Level 运作类允收质量水平S/S Sample size 抽样检验样本大小ACC Accept 允收REE Reject 拒收CR Critical 极严重的MAJ Major 主要的MIN Minor 轻微的AOQ Average Output Quality 平均出厂质量AOQL Average Output Quality Level 平均出厂质量Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 质量/可靠度服务MIL-STD Military-Standard 军用标准S I-S IV Special I-Special IV 特殊抽样水平等级8P/N Part Number 料号L/N Lot Number 特采AOD Accept On Deviation 特采UAI Use As It 首件检查报告FPIR First Piece Inspection Report 百万分之一PPM Percent Per Million 批号制程统计品管专类SPC Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制SQC Statistical Quality Control 统计质量管理R Range 全距AR Average Range 全距平均值UCL Upper Central Limit 管制上限LCL Lower Central Limit 管制下限MAX Maximum 最大值MIN Minimum 最小值GRR Gauge Reproducibility & Repeatability 量具之再制性及重测性判断量可靠与否DIM Dimension 尺寸DIA Diameter 直径FREQ Frequency 频率N Number 样品数其它质量术语类QCC Quality Control Circle 品质圈QIT Quality Improvement Team 质量改善小组PDCA Plan Do Check Action 计划执行检查总结ZD Zero Defect 零缺点QI Quality Improvement 质量改善QP Quality Policy 目标方针TQM Total Quality Management 全面质量管理MRB Material Reject Bill 退货单LQL Limiting Quality Level 最低质量水平RMA Return Material Audit 退料认可QAN Quality Ameliorate Notice 质量改善活动ADM Absolute Dimension Measurement 全尺寸测量QT Quality Target 质量目标7QCTools 7 Quality Control Tools 品管七大手法通用之件类ECN Engineering Change Notes 工程变更通知(供货商)ECO Engineering Change Order 工程改动要求(客户)PCN Process Change Notice 工序改动通知PMP Product Management Plan 生产管制计划9SIP Specification In Process 制程检验规格SOP Standard Operation Procedure 制造作业规范IS Inspection Specification 成品检验规范BOM Bill Of Material 物料清单PS Package Specification 包装规范SPEC Specification 规格DWG Drawing 图面系统文件类QC Quality System 质量系统ES Engineering Standardization 工程标准CGOO China General PCE龙华厂文件H Huston (美国)休斯敦C Compaq (美国)康伯公司C China 中国大陆A Assembly 组装(厂)S Stamping 冲压(厂)P Painting 烤漆(厂)I Intel 英特尔公司T TAIWAN 台湾IWS International Workman Standard 工艺标准ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织GS General Specification 一般规格CMCS C-China M-Manufact C-Compaq S-Stamping Compaq产品在龙华冲压厂制造作业规范CQCA Q-Quality A-Assembly Compaq产品在龙华组装厂品管作业规范CQCP P-Painting Compaq产品在龙华烤漆厂品管作业规范部类PMC Production & Material Control 生产和物料控制PPC Production Plan Control 生产计划控制MC Material Control 物料控制ME Manufacture Engineering 制造工程部PE Project Engineering 产品工程部A/C Accountant Dept 会计部P/A Personal & Administration 人事行政部DC Document Center 资料中心QE Quality Engineering 质量工程(部)QA Quality Assurance 质量保证(处)QC Quality Control 质量管理(课)PD Product Department 生产部LAB Laboratory 实验室10IE Industrial Engineering 工业工程R&D Research & Design 设计开发部P Painting 烤漆(厂)A Assembly 组装(厂)S Stamping 冲压(厂)生产类PCS Pieces 个(根,块等)PRS Pairs 双(对等)CTN Carton 卡通箱PAL Pallet/skid 栈板PO Purchasing Order 采购订单MO Manufacture Order 生产单D/C Date Code 生产日期码ID/C Identification Code (供货商)识别码SWR Special Work Request 特殊工作需求L/N Lot Number 批号P/N Part Number 料号其它OEM Original Equipment Manufacture 原设备制造PCE Personal Computer Enclosure 个人计算机外设PC Personal Computer 个人计算机CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理器SECC SECC` 电解片SGCC SGCC 热浸镀锌材料NHK North of Hong Kong 中国大陆PRC People's Republic of China 中国大陆U.S.A the United States of America 美国A.S.A.P As Soon As Possible 尽可能快的E-MAIL Electrical-Mail 电子邮件N/A Not Applicable 不适用QTY Quantity 数量vs. versus 以及.REV Revision 版本JIT Just In Time 零库存I/O Input/Output 输入/输出OK OK 好NG Not Good 不行,不合格C=0 Critical=0 极严重不允许ESD Electro Static Discharge 静电排放5S 希腊语整理,整顿,清扫,清洁,教养11ATIN Attention 知会CC Carbon Copy 副本复印相关人员APP Approve 核准,认可,承认CHK Check 确认AM Ante Meridian 上午PM Post Meridian 下午CD Compact Disk 光盘CD-ROM Compact Disk Read-Only Memory 只读光盘FDD Floppy Disk Drive 软盘机HDD Hard Disk Drive 碟碟机REF Reference 仅供参考CONN Connector 连接器CAV Cavity 模穴CAD Computer Aid Design 计算器辅助设计ASS'Y Assembly 装配,组装MAT'S Material 材料IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路T/P True Position 真位度TYP Type 类型WDR Weekly Delivery Requirement 周出货需求C/T Cycle Time 制程周期L/T Lead Time 前置时间(生产前准备时间)S/T Standard Time 标准时间P/M Product Market 产品市场3C Computer, Communication, Consumer electronics’消费性电子5WIH When, Where, Who, What, Why, How to5M Man, Machine, Material, Method, Measurement4MIH Man, Material, Money, Method, Time 人力,物力,财务,技术,时间(资源) SQA Strategy Quality Assurance 策略质量保证DQA Design Quality Assurance 设计质量保证MQA Manufacture Quality Assurance 制造质量保证SSQA Sales and service Quality Assurance 销售及服务质量保证LRR Lot Reject Rate 批退率BS Brain storming 脑力激荡EMI Electronic Magnetron Inspect 高磁测试FMI Frequency Modulator Inspect 高频测试B/M Board/Molding (flat cable)C/P Connector of PCA/P Assembly of PCSPS Switching power supply 电源箱12DT Desk Top 卧式(机箱)MT Mini-Tower 立式(机箱)DVD Digital Video DiskVCD Video Compact DiskLCD Liquid Crystal DisplayCAD Computer AID DesignCAM Computer AID ManufacturingCAE Computer AID EngineeringABIOS Advanced Basic in put/output system 先进的基本输入/输出系统CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor 互补金属氧化物半导体PDA Personal Digital Assistant 个人数字助理IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路ISA Industry Standard Architecture 工业标准体制结构MCA Micro Channel Architecture 微信道结构EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture 扩充的工业标准结构SIMM Single in-line memory module 单项导通汇流组件DIMM Dual in-line Memory Module 双项导通汇流组件LED Light-Emitting Diode 发光二级管FMEA Failure Mode Effectiveness 失效模式分析W/H Wire Harness 金属线绪束集组件F/C Flat Cable 排线FFC Flexible Flat Cable 软式平板线材PCB Printed Circuit Board 印刷电路板CAR Correction Action Report 改善报告NG Not Good 不良WPR Weekly Delivery Requirement 周出货要求PPM Parts Per Million 百万分之一TPM Total Production Maintenance 全面生产保养MRP Material Requirement Planning 物料需计划OC Operation System 操作系统TBA To Be Design 待定,定缺D/C Drawing ChangeP/P Plans & ProcedureEMI Electrical-Music Industry 电子音乐工业RFI Read Frequency Input 读频输入MMC Maximum Material ConditionMMS Maximum Material SizeLMC Least Material ConditionLMS Least Material SizeSMT Surface Mount Technology 表面黏着技术13ICT in Circuit TestAOI Automatic Optical InspectionV/I Visual Inspection14。
职业技能词汇表1. 专业知识技能词汇表在下面的内容性技能清单中圈出你所知道的。
如有可能，用一个更具体的词来替换这里的词汇。
比如，如果你圈出了“外语”这个词，根据你所掌握的外语方面的知识，你可以把它替换成“广东话”、“法语”、或“德语”。
列出所有的内容性技能是不可能的，但这个清单可以激发你的记忆和思考。
研磨剂毒品美学过敏性反应受虐儿童黏合剂非洲、非洲人游乐园会计管理农业解剖学声学青春期疾病麻醉药杂技收养飞机动物丙浠酸树脂航空学酒精中毒古董人类学制陶术工程学地理开胃食品庆典发动机构造仪器椅子娱乐老年病学学徒支票簿设备魔力仲裁化学药品道德玻璃建筑教堂欧洲、欧洲人目标争吵马戏团事件（哪一类的？）高尔夫球数学城市织物政府艺术、艺术史泥土家庭机构炮兵气候农用机械图表亚洲、亚洲人衣服时尚谷物天文学学院发酵语法运动颜色肥料制图学原子喜剧纤维光学小组拍卖委员会议纤维成长听众沟通小说枪支音频设备公司电影头发航空学抱怨金融手工艺品儿童养育计算机财务记录和谐细菌混凝土抛光剂卫生保健信仰修建火灾，消防听力行为化妆品急救帮助钟女装鱼远足自行车工艺品钓鱼历史生物学犯罪健康爱好小鸟庄稼调味马匹毯子顾客飞行园艺蓝图风俗地板医院船支奶制品插花旅馆簿记数据花清扫房屋书决策液体房子植物学装饰食物人性花束错失食品供应打猎刹车过失行为外交水力学砖食物外语卫生桥残疾人森林思想预算疾病叉车意识形态建筑戏剧水果文盲建筑材料钻孔机火炉插图官僚制度干砌墙材料室内装饰意象生意染料家具移民橱柜地震皮毛所得税蛋糕经济未来婴儿照相机教育方法游戏传染露营者电园艺设备信息蜡烛电子花园伤害木工电镀物品服装昆虫地毯同情计量表保险卡通雇主宝石兴趣水泥能量地理学投资灌溉饭食室外印刷机事件机械学大纲机械珠宝医学器械熔炉监狱新闻业药物行李问题正义会议包装产品狗窝精神疾病怀孕节目钥匙，锁菜单绘画财产刀子商品纸张心理学湖泊金属养育心理疗法灯公尺公园宣传土地方法党派，社会公众意见风景公制病人公开演说语言细菌形式出版花边矿物质工资体系木偶洗衣房钱人(哪一类的？）谜语法律电影绩效棉被割草机动机期刊收音机草坪摩托车人格铁路领导马达前景范围学习移动设备说服房地产皮革制品博物馆药物娱乐立法音乐哲学冷藏图书馆乐器摄影宗教灯光神话身体残疾宗教书籍读写能力名字物理学报告文学麻醉剂图画饭馆平板印刷记叙文管道安装恢复礼拜仪式国家地方退休牲畜国内事件计划节奏场所自然植物(哪一类？) 步枪位置导航灰浆河流机车人类需求塑料道路逻辑学新来者盘子岩石长寿报纸游戏角色润滑油小说钳子屋顶行李数字管道设备房间木材托儿所诗歌根机器零件营养毒药路线机器障碍政治程序惯例魔术办公设备亮光剂橡皮磁性办公室工作政治组织铁锈管理油，油产品组织安全地图戏剧政治销售市场，市场学观点民意测验盐婚姻光学污染物卫生，卫生设备协会成员果园锅锯按摩管弦乐队贫穷量表材料组织电动工具风景数字人体器官祈祷学校事件船侧发动机保存科学雕塑风暴玩具武器海洋火炉培训天气种子策略火车纺织化粪池结构交易婚礼服务学生交通重量莎士比亚形式旅行焊接掩蔽吸毒治疗井灌木调查树木车轮标记符号打字机野生生物丝绸对称制服窗户银器桌子室内装饰业挡风玻璃洗涤槽团队公用事业葡萄酒素描牙齿假期木材皮肤电话真空吸尘器版画社会望远镜蔬菜羊毛社会学电视退伍老兵文字处理软件软件领土盒式录像带词汇声音测验录像机世界词汇纺织品录像崇拜体育运动质地村庄包装材料舞台剧院视力写作污点神学图像 X 射线统计学理论词汇游艇存货疗法声音故事石头线战争青年团体储藏轮胎洗涤动物园仓库工具浪费故事旅游水2. 自我管理技能词汇表学术性强的—勤学的，博学的机敏的—警戒的，警惕的，警觉的精确的—准确的，正确的野心勃勃的—有抱负的，毅然决然的活跃的—活泼的，精力充沛的，好分析的—逻辑的，批判的适合的—灵活的, 适应的感谢的—感激的，感恩的精通的—娴熟的，内行的，熟练的能说会道的—善于表达的，擅长词令的胆大的—勇敢的，冒险的艺术的—美学的，优美的攻击性强的—强有力的，好斗的随和的—放松的，随意的坚持己见的—强调的，坚持的有效的—多产的，有说服力的健壮的—强壮的，肌肉发达的有效率的—省力的，省时的留心（细节）的—观察敏锐的雄辩的—鼓舞人心的，精神饱满的吸引人的—漂亮的，英俊的有感情的—感动的，多愁善感的平衡的—公平的，公正的，无私的同情的—理解的，关心的心胸开阔的—宽容的，开明的着重的—强调的，有力的，有把握的有条理的—有效率的，勤勉的精力充沛的—活泼的，活跃的，有生气的平静的—沉着的，不动摇的，镇定的进取的—冒险的，努力的正直的—直率的，坦率的，真诚的热情的—热切的，热烈的，兴奋的有能力的—有竞争力的，内行的，技艺精湛的博学的—消息灵通的，有文化修养的仔细的—谨慎的，小心的康慨的—乐善好施的，仁慈的喜悦的——高兴的，快乐的，欢快的讲道德的—体面的，有德行的，道德清楚的—明白的，明确的，确切的富于表现力的—生动的，有力的聪明的—伶俐的，敏锐的，敏捷的公平的—无私的，无偏见的有能力的—熟练的，高效的有远见的—明智的，有预见的竞争的—好斗的，努力奋争的流行的—时髦的，走俏的，现行的有信心的—自信的，有把握的坚定的—不动摇的，稳定的，不屈不挠的志趣相投的—愉快的，融洽的灵活的—适应性强的，易调教的认真的—可靠的，负责的有力的—强大的，强壮的考虑周到的—体贴的，亲切的合礼仪的—适当的，有礼貌的，冷静的前后一致的—稳定的，有规律的，恒定不变的朴素的—节俭的，节省的，节约的常规的——传统的，认可的大方的—慷慨的，无私的，乐善好施的合作的—同意的，一致的亲切的—真诚的，友好的，和蔼的有勇气的—勇敢的，无畏的，英勇的温和的—好心的，温柔的，有同情心的周到的—有礼貌的，彬彬有礼的，尊敬的乐群的—爱交际的，友好的有创造性的—新颖的，有创意的吃苦耐劳的—坚强的，坚忍不拔的好奇的—好问的，爱探究的健康的—精力充沛的，强壮的，健壮的果断的—坚决的，坚定的，明确的有帮助的—建设性的，有用的慎重的——小心的，审慎的诚实的—真诚的，坦率的微妙的—机智的，敏感的有希望的—乐观的，鼓舞人心的民主的—平等的，公平的，平衡的幽默的—诙谐的，滑稽的，可笑的感情外露的—富于表情的，易动感情的富有想象力的—有创造性的，有创意的可靠的—令人信任的，可信赖的独立的—自立的，自由的坚决的—坚定的，果敢的勤奋的—努力的，忙碌的灵巧的—灵活的，敏捷的，机敏的有知识的—学者气质的，大脑的婉转得体的——机智的，文雅的，精明的智慧的—聪明的，见识广的，敏锐的谨慎的—小心的，精明的特意的—有目的的，故意的独特的—唯一的，个性化的明智的—聪明的，有判断力的，冷静的占统治地位的—发号施令的，权威的善良的—好心的，仁慈的有文化的—博学的，诗意的，好学的逻辑性强的—理智的，有条理的拘谨的—矜持的，客气的忠诚的—真诚的，忠实的，坚定的负责的—充分考虑的，成熟的，可靠的有条理的—系统的，整洁的，精确的反应灵敏的—活泼的，能接纳的小心翼翼的—精确的，完美主义的自发的—首创的，足智多谋的谦虚的—谦逊的，简朴的，朴素的敏感的—易受影响的，敏锐的有益于成长的—有帮助的，支持的严肃的—冷静的，认真的，坚决的观察敏锐的—专注的，留心的，警觉的精明的—机敏的，爱算计的，机警的头脑开放的—接纳的，客观的真诚的—诚恳的，可信的，诚挚的有秩序的—整洁的，训练有素的，整齐的好交际的—随和的，亲切的独创的—创造性的, 罕有的自发的—冲动的，本能的随和的—友好的，好交际的，温暖的稳定的—坚固的，稳固的，可靠的充满热情的—狂喜的，强烈的, 热心的高大结实的—强有力的，强健的，肌肉发达的成功的—有成就的，证据确凿的耐心的—坚定不移的，毫无怨言的同情的—仁慈的，温暖的，善良的平和的—宁静的，平静的，安静的有策略的—考虑周详的，慎重的敏锐的—有洞察力的，有辨识力的顽强的—坚持的，坚定的坚持的—持久的，持续的理论性强的—抽象的，学术的有说服力的—令人信服的，有影响力的完全的—彻底的，全部的爱玩耍的—有趣的，快乐的深思熟虑的—沉思的，慎重的泰然自若的—自制的，镇静的宽容的—仁慈的，宽大的礼貌的—尊敬的，文明的，恰当的坚强的—不动摇的，坚定的积极的—有远见的，坚定的值得信赖的—可靠的，可信赖的实用的—有用的，实际的真诚的—诚实的，实际的，精确的精确的—详细的，明确的，准确的善解人意的—了解的，理解的多产的—硕果累累的，丰富的保护的—警戒的，防御的文雅的—文明的，有修养的智慧的—明智的，仔细的，聪明的爱说话的—爱发表意见的，善于表达的准时的—守时的，稳定的，及时的有目的的—下定决心的，有意的多才多艺的—多技能的，手巧的快速的—敏捷的，迅速的，灵活的，轻快的精力旺盛的—生气盎然的，充满活力的安静的—无声的，沉默的，宁静的有德行的—好的，道德的，模范的活泼的—活跃的，快活的可靠的—可信赖的，值得信赖的理性的—健全的，合理的，符合逻辑的志愿的—自由的，非强迫的现实的—自然的，真实的温暖的—充满爱意的，慈爱的，友善的合理的—合逻辑的，有根据的迷人的—有魅力的，令人、愉快的沉思的—爱思考的，深思熟虑的热心的—热情的，热切的，热烈的容光焕发的—明亮的，热情洋溢的，光彩夺目的3. 可迁移技能词汇表达到照顾巩固指导执行运送建设洞察适应制图联系发现管理选择控制拆除做广告分类烹调展示劝告打扫协调证明开玩笑攀登复制草拟分析训练纠正绘制预测收集联络训练申请着色咨询驾驶评价交流计数编辑安排比较创造授予装配比赛培养鼓励声称编辑决定忍耐评估完成定义加强协助构成代表提高参加领会运送娱乐审核计算证明建立权衡集中设计估计讨价还价概念化详述评估美化调和探测膨胀预算面对发展解释购买联结发明探索计算保存诊断表达促进领导生产分享喂养学习编程运送感受搬运提升演出填充倾听校对简化融资装载保护唱歌调整定位提供绘图装配维修证明交际追随制造宣扬分类预见管理推/拉演讲伪造操纵提问拼写构成最大化阅读驾驶阐述测量推理激励募捐调停推荐精简收集会见调解研究测量记忆记录建议给予指导招聘总结统治最小化减少监督研磨示范仲裁支持种植/喂养现代化恢复审视引导修改讲述合成处理教导记起/回忆系统化收获激发回忆列表前进移动呈递遵守指示治愈航行修理交谈帮助商讨报告传授/指导识别养育描绘趋向举例观察研究测验想象获得改造适时执行操作解决贸易改进组织修复培训即兴表演创造找回翻译增加战胜回顾旅行影响包装修改治疗通知绘画改写解决问题发起参加冒险教导革新/发明感觉航行打字检查坚持打磨理解鼓舞说服节省统一安装摄影安排更新互动倡导拍摄升级解释放置雕塑使用面试计划挑选描述介绍种植/播种销售证实发明玩耍理解设想记录精确化招待做志愿者调查准备建立洗涤判断展示安顿纺织保存印刷缝纫工作编织加工塑造写作。
语文课程与教学论名词术语中英文对照表A Term List of the Chinese Course and Teaching and Learning Theoryin Chinese and English1. 教材（JC）Teaching materials教材编写editing teaching materials/语文教材/Chinese Teaching Materials/编写教材/edit teaching materials/统编教材/Uniformed Chinese Teaching Materials/实验教材/Experimental Teaching Materials/母语教材/Mother Tongue Teaching Materials/新课程教材/Teaching Materials of the New Course*课本*textbook*读本*reading book*教学参考书（教参）*teaching reference book*练习册*exercises book*学案*studying plan2. 技术（JS）Technology/教育技术/Educational Technology/现代教育技术/Modern Educational Technology/语文教育技术/Educational Technology in Chinese Teaching/多媒体技术/multi-media technology/网络技术/net technology/云服务技术/cloud serving technology*白板*white board*网络会议*net meeting*聊天室*chat room*博克*blog3. 教学(JX) Teaching教学基本理论Basic Theory of the Teaching教学目的teaching aim教学任务teaching task教学目标teaching objective教学模式teaching model教学策略teaching tactics教学原则teaching principle教学大纲teaching program教学改革teaching reform教学案例teaching case教学课件Courseware教学资源teaching resources教学实验teaching experiment/母语教学/mother tongue teaching/语文教学/Chinese teaching/识字教学/teaching to learn the Chinese Characters /写字教学/teaching to write the Chinese Characters /阅读教学/reading teaching/写作教学/writing teaching/作文教学/composition teaching/口语交际教学/Teaching Spoken Language4. 教育(JY) Education教育功能the function of education教育对象the target of education教育方针educational policy教育学pedagogy教育理论educational theory/素质教育/quality education/语文教育/Chinese education/义务教育/compulsory education/高中教育/high school education/审美教育/aesthetic education/教师教育/teacher-training education/师范教育/normal education5. 课程(KC) Course课程性质curriculum properties课程教学course teaching课程目标course target课程改革curriculum reformation课程标准course standard课程与技术整合combine course with technology课程模块part of the course/语文课程/Chinese course/网络课程/Net course/新课程/new course/必修课程/wanted course/选修课程/elective course6. 考试（KS）Examination考试题test topic考试大纲exam outline试题结构structure of the exam paper/标准化考试/standardization exam/标准化试题/standardization paper/高考（高等学校统一招生考试）/college entrance examination/中考（初中升高中考试）/high school entrance examination/学期考试/term exam/高中会考/high school graduation unified exam/期中考试/mid-term test*小测验*test*（考试）信度*degree of trust*（考试）效度*degree of effective*（考试）难度*degree of difficulty*（考试）区分度*degree of discriminate7. 课堂(KT) Classroom课堂教学classroom teaching课堂训练training in class课堂练习exercises in class/语文课堂/Chinese class/第二课堂/the second class*当堂训练*exercises in class8. 练习（LX）Exercises练习题exercises练习课exercises period练习册exercises book/课堂练习/class exercises/课后练习/homework9. 能力(NL) Ability能力特征ability characteristic能力培养foster one’s ability/语文能力/Chinese ability/语文学习能力/ability of studying Chinese/识字能力/ability of learning to read/写字能力/ability of writing/阅读能力/reading ability/写作能力/writing ability/作文能力/ability of writing the composition /口语交际能力/speaking ability/考试能力(应考能力) /ability of test taking10. 评价（PJ）Evaluation评价教学appraise teaching评价课程appraise course评价教师appraise teacher评价学生appraise students (pupils)/教学评价/teaching evaluation/课程评价/course evaluation/课堂教学评价/class teaching evaluation/过程评价/process evaluation/形成性评价/formational evaluation/终结性评价/finality evaluation11. 设计（SJ）Design/教学设计/teaching design/教学系统设计/teaching system design/课程教学设计/course instructional design/课堂教学设计/classes instructional design/自主学习活动设计/instructional design of studying activities on the students’ own 12. 思维（SW）thought思维能力thinking ability思维品质thinking character*敏捷性*quick*灵活性*flexible*创造性*creativity*批判性*criticism思维导图thinking chart*概念图*conception chart/逻辑思维logic thinking*概念*conception*判断*judgment*推理*inference/抽象思维/thinking in abstract/形象思维/thinking in images*意象*imago*形象*image*灵感*inspiration/创造性思维/creative thinking13. 文学（WX）Literature文学知识literature knowledge文学常识the general knowledge of literature文学语言literature language文学作品literature works文学体裁forms of literature*诗歌*poem*散文*prose*小说*novel*戏剧*drama/戏剧文学/dramatic literature/影视文学/movie and TV literature14. 文章（WZ）Article文章知识knowledge about the essay文章体裁forms of articles文章作者author文章要素essential factor of article文章写作writing an essay文章主题the theme of an article文章材料the material of the article*事实材料*factual material*理论材料*theoretical material文章结构the structure of an article*层次*parts of an article*段落*paragraph*过渡*transition*照应*correlate with the beginning*开头*the beginning*结尾*the ending文章语言the language in the article文面the article form*标点符号*punctuation15. 心理(XL) psychology心理学psychology/教育心理学/educational psychology/学习心理/learning psychology16. 训练（XL）training/教学训练teaching training/课堂训练training in class/课外训练training after class17. 小学（XX）primary school小学语文Chinese in the primary school小学低段（低年级）lower class in the primary school小学中段（中年级）middle class in the primary school小学高段（高年级）higher class in the primary school小学语文教学Chinese teaching in the primary school 小学教师primary school teacher小学语文教师Chinese teacher in primary school 18. 学习(XX) study学习方法studying method学习习惯studying habits学习策略studying tactics学习能力studying ability学习动力studying power学习领域studying field/语文学习Chinese studying/自主学习studying on one’s own/合作学习cooperate studying/探究学习studying through exploration/小组学习studying in group/综合性学习comprehensive studying19. 写作（XZ）Writing写作知识writing knowledge写作教学writing teaching写作方法writing method写作技巧writing skills20. 阅读（YD）Reading阅读课reading period阅读方法reading method21. 语文(YW) Chinese course语文教育Chinese education语文教学Chinese teaching语文课程Chinese course语文课程标准Chinese course standard语文学习Chinese studying语文能力Chinese ability语文教育资源resources of the Chinese education 语文教学课件courseware of the Chinese teaching 22. 言语（YY）spoken language言语与语言speech and language言语习得learn in the spoken language23. 语言（YY）language语言知识language knowledge语言能力language ability语言应用using the language语言表达convey by words24. 知识(ZS) knowledge/语文知识Chinese knowledge/语言知识language knowledge/文学知识literature knowledge25. 中学（ZX）middle school中学生middle school pupils中学教师middle school teacher中学语文middle school Chinese/初中（初级中学）junior middle school/高中（高级中学）senior middle school26. 资源（ZY）resources教育资源educational resources语文教育资源Chinese educational resources语文教学资源Chinese teaching resources。
The data is taken from Employment and Vocational Training Administration(EVTA, 職業訓練局).Abschlu Bprufung, Federal Republic of Germany學徒考試（德）Age-grouped Skill Contests分齡技能競賽Area-grouped Skill Contests分區技能競賽Australian Qualifications Framework, Australia資格架構（澳）booklet簡章Certified Technician技術士Class A Certified Technician甲級技術士Class B Certified Technician乙級技術士Class C Certified Technician丙級技術士Classless Certified Technician單一級技術士Criterion-referenced Test效標參照測驗Cut-off Score Setting通過分數設定Field Test術科測驗，以現場實作方式測定所具技術能力與精熟程度Holding an Industrial & Electronic Technician Certificate(Class C)擁有工業電子丙級技術士證照Institute of Engineering Education, Taiwan (IEET)中華工程教育學會Item Analysis Test試題分析Item Difficulty試題難度Item Discrimination試題鑑別度Mastery of Skill精熟能力Meisterprufung, Federal Republic of Germany師傅考試（德）National Vocational Qualification (NVQ), U.K.國家職業資格(NVQ)Occupation-grouped Skill Contests分業技能競賽Occupational Certification職業證照Occupational Classification for Skill Tests技能檢定職類Operation Test實作測驗Paper and Pencil Test書面測驗Prufungsausschusse, Federal Republic of Germany技能檢定委員會（德）Prufungsordnung, Federal Republic of Germany檢定規章（德）Referee of Technician Certification Skill Tests技術士技能檢定術科測驗監評人員Regulation for Technician Certification and Licensing技術士技能檢定及發證辦法Regulation to Compile and Revise Skill Testing Standards and Test Batteries技術士技能檢定規範編、修訂暨學、術科測驗試題命製作業須知。
职位匹配描述General Skill list 通用技能列表Personality and Characteristics 好用的性格和特征A people person; 善于与人打交道的人A team player; 善于团队合作的人A good listener;好的倾听者A good leader; 好的领导An analytical thinker; 善于分析的思考者Hard working; 勤奋的Self-motivated;有上进心的，积极主动的Very driven;自我驱动很强的Adaptable; 适应能力不错Energetic;精力充沛的Proactive;积极主动的Business oriented;商业/业务导向的Results oriented;结果导向的High attention to detail; 非常关注细节Skills 技能Excellent communication skills; 卓越的沟通技能Outstanding organization skills; 出众的组织技能Great verbal and written communicationskills in English and Chinese; 优秀的中英文口语和书面交流技能Good interpersonal skills; 很好的交际能力Fantastic organizational skills; 极好组织能力Excellent time management skills;卓越的时间管理技能Fantastic negotiation skills；极好的谈判技能Strong analytical skills; 很强的分析能力Highly proficient in PC skills.精通电脑Abilities 能力Ability to work effectively with staff at all levels; 能和各个级别员工高效工作Ability to interpret financial statements/statistics; 解释财务报表/统计数据的能力Strong problem solving ability; 较强的问题处理能力Strong business acumen; 良好的商业敏感度Ability to prioritize and work within tight timeframe; 能在时间紧迫的情况下安排工作优先等级Excellent research ability; 优秀的研究/调研能力Very familiar with labor law and related policies in China; 非常熟悉劳动法和中国的相关政策法规Fluent in both English and Mandarin Chinese;英语和中文都很流利Tech savvy；科技通Ability to adapt quickly to any new accounting/information system; 能够迅速适应任何新会计/信息系统Computer skills 电脑技能Good at Office 精通 OfficeProficient in Photoshop 精通PSHigh proficiency in PowerPoint 精通PPTAdvanced level proficiency in Excel 精通Excelersonality and characteristics更多性格特质形容词aggressive有进取心的,攻击性的 (这不是一个好的特质，听起来像是很有野心)passionate/enthusiastic 热情的creative 富有创造性（力）的insightful 富有洞察力的diligent 好学的,勤奋的liberal 慷慨的,不拘泥的,宽大的nice 友善的Kind 善良的friendly 友善的considerate考虑周到的,体谅的humorous 幽默的confident 自信的imaginative 富想像力的responsible 负责的courageous 勇敢的independent 独立的demanding 要求多的（a demanding position对员工要求很多，很高的职位）individualistic 个人主义的efficient 效率高的,有能力的energetic 精力旺盛的loyal 忠诚的modest 谦虚的thoughtful 考虑周到的motivated 有动力的positive/optimistic 积极的/乐观的open-minded 思想开明的trustworthy 值得信赖的gentle 温文尔雅的precise 精确的good-natured 脾气好的,温厚的idealistic 理想主义的witty 急智的wise 明智的,聪明的smart/intelligent/clever 聪明的outgoing/sociable 爱好交际的easy-going 随和的,跟谁都处得来ersonality and characteristics 更多性格特质形容词aggressive有进取心的,攻击性的 (这不是一个好的特质，听起来像是很有野心)passionate/enthusiastic 热情的creative 富有创造性（力）的insightful 富有洞察力的diligent 好学的,勤奋的liberal 慷慨的,不拘泥的,宽大的nice 友善的Kind 善良的friendly 友善的considerate考虑周到的,体谅的humorous 幽默的confident 自信的imaginative 富想像力的responsible 负责的courageous 勇敢的independent 独立的demanding 要求多的（a demanding position对员工要求很多，很高的职位）individualistic 个人主义的efficient 效率高的,有能力的energetic 精力旺盛的loyal 忠诚的modest 谦虚的thoughtful 考虑周到的motivated 有动力的positive/optimistic 积极的/乐观的open-minded 思想开明的trustworthy 值得信赖的gentle 温文尔雅的precise 精确的good-natured 脾气好的,温厚的idealistic 理想主义的witty 急智的wise 明智的,聪明的smart/intelligent/clever 聪明的outgoing/sociable 爱好交际的easy-going 随和的,跟谁都处得来。
附录：职业能力综合测试涉及的主要专业术语中英文对照表职业能力综合测试涉及的主要专业术语中英文对照表会计会计估计Accounting estimates会计分期Accounting period会计政策Accounting policies会计确认Accounting recognition会计处理Accounting treatment应付账款Accounts payable应收账款Accounts receivable累计折旧Accumulated depreciation调整事项Adjusting events摊销费用Amortization expense公平交易Arms-length transaction资产Assets资产减值损失Assets impairment loss联营公司Associates可供出售金融资产Available-for-sale financial assets坏账准备Bad debt provision年初余额Balance at the beginning of year年末余额Balance at the end of year资产负债表Balance sheet银行存款Bank deposit基本每股收益Basic earnings per share应收票据Bills receivable账面价值Book value借款费用Borrowing costs企业合并Business combination营业税金及附加Business taxes and surcharges计量Calculation/Calculate资本公积Capital reserve资本化Capitalization/Capitalized现金流量Cash flows库存现金Cash on hand公允价值变动Change in fair value股东权益变动表Changes in equity可比性Comparability混合金融工具Compound financial instruments代销商品Consignment goods合并资产负债表Consolidated balance sheet合并利润表Consolidated income statement合并股东权益变动表Consolidated statement of changes in equity建造合同Construction contract在建工程Construction in progress或有资产Contingent asset或有负债Contingent liability可转换公司债券Convertible notes会计差错更正Correction of accounting errors成本法Cost method主营业务成本Cost of sales from principal activities贷Credit货币计量Currency measurement流动资产Current assets流动负债Current liabilities借Debit债务重组Debt restructuring递延收益Deferred income递延所得税Deferred tax递延所得税资产Deferred tax assets递延所得税负债Deferred tax liabilities折旧Depreciation稀释每股收益Diluted earnings per share直接费用Direct costs直接人工Direct labour直接材料Direct materials直接法Direct method披露Disclosure折现系数Discount factor折现率Discount rate任意盈余公积Discretionary surplus reserve处置成本Disposal costs应付股利Dividend payable应收股利Dividend receivable应付职工薪酬Employee benefits payables股权投资Equity investment权益法Equity method预计负债Estimated liabilities/Provision预计使用寿命Estimated useful life费用Expenses公允价值Fair value融资租赁Finance lease金融资产Financial assets交易性金融资产Financial assets held for trading 财务费用Financial expenses金融工具Financial instruments金融负债Financial liabilities财务报告Financial reporting筹资活动Financing activities产成品Finished products/goods固定资产Fixed assets固定资产清理Fixed assets pending for disposal境外经营Foreign operations特许权Franchise right记账本位币Functional currency公允价值变动收益/（损失）Gains/Losses on changes in fair value管理费用General and administrative expenses持续经营Going concern商誉Goodwill政府补助Government grants毛利率Gross profit ratio担保Guarantee持有至到期投资Held-to-maturity investment历史成本Historical cost可辨认性Identifiable减值损失Impairment loss减值准备Impairment losses利润表Income statement所得税Income tax间接法Indirect method保险费Insurance expense无形资产Intangible assets应付利息Interest payable利率Interest rate应收利息Interest receivable集团内部销售Inter-group sales中期财务报表Interim financial statements存货Inventories投资活动Investing activities投资成本Investment cost投资收益Investment income投资性房地产Investment property合营企业Joint-venture劳务成本Labour costs土地使用权Land use right租赁Lease承租人Lessee出租人Lessor负债Liability/Liabilities贷款Loan长期股权投资Long-term equity investment长期借款Long-term loans长期应付款Long-term payable长期应收款Long-term receivables少数股东权益Minority interests净利润Net profits非调整事项Non-adjusting events非流动性负债Non-current liabilities营业外支出Non-operating expenses营业外收入Non-operating income经营活动Operating activities经营租赁Operating lease营业利润Operating profit其他资本公积Other capital reserve其他综合收益Other comprehensive income其他业务收入Other operating income其他应付款Other payables其他应收款Other receivables所有者权益Owner’s equi ty所有权Ownership实收资本Paid-in capital专利权Patent资产负债表日后事项Post balance sheet events 溢价Premium预付款Prepayment现值Present value以前年度损益事项Prior year profit/loss adjustment商品Product利润Profit利润分配Profit appropriation存货跌价准备Provision for diminution in value of inventories固定资产减值准备Provision for impairment of fixed assets损失准备Provision for loss采购成本Purchase costs报酬率Rate of return原材料Raw materials预收款项Receipts in advance确认Recognition/Recognize可收回金额Recoverable amount可变现净值Recoverable value关联交易Related party transactions关联方Related party(ies)租赁收入Rental income重置成本Replacement costs回购Repurchase研究开发费用Research and development costs残值Residual value重组Restructuring追溯调整Retrospective adjustments销售商品收入Revenue from sales of goods收入Revenue/Income职工薪酬Salary costs售后租回交易Sale and lease back主营业务收入Sales from principal activities销售退回Sales return销售额Sales revenue销售税Sales tax分部报告Segment reporting销售费用Selling expenses股本Share capital股份期权Share options股本/资本溢价Share/Capital premium所有者权益Shareholders’ equity短期借款Short-term loans专项应付款Special payables现金流量表Statement of cash flows法定盈余公积Statutory surplus reserve盈余公积Surplus reserves有形资产Tangible assets计税基础Tax basis应交税费Taxes payable暂时性差异Temporary differences交易费用Transaction costs可理解性Understandability未分配利润Undistributed profit/Retained earnings 未实现融资收益Unrealized capital gain增值税Value-added tax在产品Work in progress审计客户关系和审计业务的接受与保持Acceptance and continuance of client and audit engagement访问控制Access controls接触信息/审计工作底稿Access to information / Audit documentation否定意见Adverse opinion替代程序Alternative procedures分析程序Analytical procedures在集团层面实施的分析程序Analytical procedures at group level年度报告Annual report适用的财务报告框架Applicable financial reporting framework按照适用的财务报告编制基础得到恰当会计处理和披露Appropriately accounted for and disclosed in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework(审计证据的)适当性Appropriateness (of audit evidence)认定Assertions评估Assess保证Assurance审计调整Audit adjustment审计工作底稿Audit documentation/Audit working paper审计证据Audit evidence审计档案Audit file会计师事务所Audit firm/Accounting firm审计意见Audit opinion审计计划Audit plan审计风险Audit risk审计抽样(抽样) Audit sampling (sampling)注册会计师（审计师）Auditor注册会计师与财务信息Auditor and financial information注册会计师的专家Auditor’s expert注册会计师的点估计或区间估计Auditor’s point estimate or auditor’s range导致非无保留意见的事项段Basis for modification paragraph业务流程Business process（交易的）商业理由Business rationale经营风险业务风险Business risk明显微小Clearly trivial比较财务报表Comparative financial statements比较信息Comparative information被审计单位的互补性控制Compensating controls of entity under audit完整性Completeness对集团具有财务重大性的单个组成部分Components that are of individual financial significance to the group计算机辅助审计技术Computer-assisted audit techniques审计的前提条件Conditions for an audit询证函Confirmation合并过程Consolidation process控制活动Control activities控制环境Control environment控制风险Control risk与审计相关的控制Controls relevant to the audit公司治理Corporate governance对应数据Corresponding figures截止Cut-off/As of (date)报告日（与质量控制相关）Date of report (in relation to quality control)财务报表批准日Date of the approval of the financial statements审计报告日Date of t he auditor’s report财务报表日Date of the financial statements设计、执行和维护适当的控制Design, implement and maintain adequate controls (over)检查风险Detection risk偏差Deviations无法表示意见Disclaimer of opinion双重目的测试Dual-purpose test强调事项段Emphasis of matter paragraph业务工作底稿Engagementdocumentation/working paper业务约定书Engagement letter项目合伙人Engagement partner项目质量控制复核Engagement quality control review项目质量控制复核人员Engagement quality control reviewer项目组Engagement team被审计单位的风险评估过程E ntity’s risk assessment process评价Evaluate可能导致对被审计单位持续经营能力产生重大疑虑的事项或情况Events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern不符事项Exception存在Existence有经验的注册会计师Experienced auditor专长Expertise信赖程度Extent of reliance函证External confirmation事实错报、判断错报和推断错报Factual misstatements, judgemental misstatements and projected misstatements财务报表Financial statements舞弊Fraud舞弊风险因素Fraud risk factors虚假财务报告Fraudulent financial reporting对财务报表使用者理解财务报表至关重要Fundamental to users’ understanding of the financial statements治理Governance集团Group集团项目合伙人Group engagement partner集团层面控制Group-wide controls历史财务信息Historical financial information识别、评估和应对重大错报风险Identify, assess and respond to risk of material misstatement无法获取充分、适当的审计证据Inability to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence后任注册会计师Incoming auditor不一致Inconsistency独立性Independence与财务报告相关的信息系统Information system relevant to financial reporting审计的固有限制Inherent limitation of audit固有风险Inherent risk首次审计业务Initial audit engagement生成、记录、处理和报告交易Initiate, record, process and report transactions询问Inquiry检查Inspection中期财务信息或报表Interim financial information or statements内部审计师Internal auditors内部控制Internal control内部控制缺陷Internal control deficiency国际财务报告准则International Financial Reporting Standards调查Investigate财务报表报出日Issuance date of the financial statements信息技术应用控制IT application controls信息技术环境IT environment会计分录和其他调整Journal entries and other adjustments会计分录Journal entry/entries严重程度Level of significance上市公司实体Listed entity管理层Management管理层偏向Management bias管理层凌驾于控制之上Management override of controls管理当局声明书Management representation letter管理层对其自身责任的认可与理解Management’s acknowledgement and understanding of its responsibilities管理层的专家Management’s expert重大类别的交易、账户余额和披露Material classes of transactions, account balances and disclosure 重大不确定性Material uncertainty财务报表整体的重要性Materiality for the financial statements as a whole侵占资产Misappropriation of assets错报Misstatement对事实的错报Misstatement of fact非标准审计报告Modified audit report非无保留意见Modified opinion监控Monitoring对控制的监督Monitoring of controls审计程序的性质、时间安排和范围Nature, timing and extent of audit procedures消极式函证Negative confirmation网络事务所Network firm违反法律法规Non-compliance未回函Non-response非抽样风险Non-sampling risk观察Observation发生Occurrence期初余额Opening balances内部控制的运行有效性Operating effectiveness of internal control其他信息Other information其他事项段Other matter paragraph会计估计的结果Outcome of an accounting estimate超出正常经营过程Outside the normal course of business总体审计方案Overall audit approach总体审计策略Overall audit strategy总体结论Overall conclusion总体应对措施Overall responses合伙人Partner实际执行的重要性Performance materiality人员Personnel广泛性Pervasive计划活动Planning activities总体Population/Overall积极式函证Positive confirmation执业人员Practitioner前任注册会计师Predecessor auditor初步业务活动Preliminary engagement activities与管理层和治理层（如适用）责任相关的执行审计工作的前提Premise, relating to the responsibilities of management and, where appropriate, those charged with governance, on which an audit is conducted编制和列报财务报表Prepare and present the financial statements列报与披露Presentation and disclosure收入确认存在舞弊风险的假定Presumed fraud risks in revenue recognition防止或发现并纠正重大错报Prevent or detect and correct material misstatement专业胜任能力Professional competence职业判断Professional judgment职业怀疑态度Professional skepticism业务执行Provision of service/Delivery of service通常对决定财务报表中的重大金额和披露有直接影响的法律法规的规定Provisions of laws and regulations generally recognized to have a direct effect on the determination of material amounts and disclosures in the financial statements具有适当资格的外部人员Qualified external person保留意见Qualified opinion量化财务影响Quantification of the financial impacts合理保证（针对审计业务和质量控制）Reasonable assurance (in the context of audit engagements, and in quality control)合理性测试Reasonableness test重新计算Re-calculation连续审计业务Recurring audit engagements将认定层次的审计风险降至可接受的低水平Reduce audit risk at the assertion level to an acceptably low level关联方Related parties具有支配性影响的关联方Related parties with dominant influence管理层以前未识别或未向注册会计师披露的关联方关系或关联方交易Related party relationships or transactions that management has not identified or disclosed to the auditor按照等同于公平交易中通行的条款执行的关联方交易Related party transactions conducted on terms equivalent to those prevailing in an arm’s length transaction（审计证据的）相关性和可靠性Relevance and reliability (of audit evidence)相关职业道德要求Relevant ethical requirements剩余期间Remaining period重新执行Re-performance管理层施加的限制Restrictions imposed by management复核(与质量控制相关) Review (in relation to quality control)权利与义务Rights and obligations风险评估程序Risk assessment procedures重大错报风险Risk of material misstatement财务报表层次和认定层次的重大错报风险Risk of material misstatement at financial statement level and at assertion level样本量Sample size抽样Sampling抽样风险Sampling risk抽样单元Sampling unit选择和运用会计政策Selection and application of accounting policies选取测试项目Selection of items for testing重要组成部分Significant component值得关注的内部控制缺陷Significant deficiencies in internal control重大事项Significant matters特别风险Significant risk重大非常规交易Significant unusual transactions特定的审计程序Specified audit procedures员工Staff统计抽样Statistical sampling存货盘点Stocktake分层Stratification期后事项Subsequent events实质性分析程序Substantive analytical procedures 实质性程序Substantive procedure（审计证据的）充分性Sufficiency (of audit evidence)补充信息Supplementary information测试Test控制测试Test of controls细节测试Test of details特定类别的交易、账户余额或披露的一个或多个重要性水平The materiality level or levels for particular classes of transactions, account balances or disclosures 治理层Those charged with governance错报的临界值Threshold for misstatements可容忍错报Tolerable misstatement可容忍偏差率Tolerable rate of deviation趋势分析法、比率分析法、合理性测试法和回归分析法Trend analysis, ratio analysis, reasonableness test, and regression analysis不确定性Uncertainty未更正错报Uncorrected misstatements标准审计报告Unmodified audit report无保留意见Unqualified opinion计价与分摊Valuation and allocation/amortization穿行测试Walk-through test解除业务约定Withdraw from the engagement书面声明Written representation职业道德可接受的水平Acceptable level广告Advertising过度推介Advocacy承担管理层职责Assume management responsibilities鉴证客户Assurance client鉴证业务Assurance engagement鉴证业务项目组Assurance team审计客户Audit client审计业务Audit engagement审计项目组Audit team近亲属Close family密切私人关系Close personal relationship保密Confidentiality利益冲突Conflicts of interest或有收费Contingent fee冷却期Cooling off period现任会计师Current accountant/auditor直接经济利益Direct financial interest董事或高级管理人员Director or seniorofficer/senior management应有的关注Due care消除或降低不利影响Eliminate or reduce threats项目合伙人Engagement partner项目质量控制复核Engagement quality control review项目组Engagement team外部专家External expert密切关系Familiarity经济利益Financial interests历史财务信息Historical financial information直系亲属/ 主要近亲属Immediate family独立性Independence从实质上和形式上保持独立性Independence of mind, Independence in appearance间接经济利益Indirect financial interest诚信Integrity外在压力Intimidation/Pressure关键审计合伙人Key audit partner上市实体Listed entity长期存在业务关系Long association (with an audit client)严重虚假或误导性的陈述Materially false or misleading statement非鉴证服务Non-assurance services客观和公正性Objectivity专业服务Professional services拟接受的客户Prospective client公众利益实体Public interest entity关联实体Related entity审阅客户Review client审阅业务Review engagement审阅项目组Review team轮换Rotation防范措施Safeguards自身利益Self-interest自我评价Self-review重要且密切的商业关系Significant and close business relationship特殊目的财务报表Special purpose financial statements鉴证业务的对象Subject matter of assurance engagement不利影响、威胁Threats税法兼营Also engaged in应计税款Accrued tax从价税Ad valorem tax加计扣除Additional deduction附加税Additional tax/Surcharge所得额调整Adjustment of income税后所得After-tax income准予扣除数Allowable deductions税收可抵免额Allowable tax credit从量定额Amount based on quantity增值额Amount of appreciation/Value added销售额Amount of sales抵免税额Amount of tax credit应纳税所得额Amount of taxable income扣除项目金额Amount of the deductions适用税额Applicable tax amount适用税率Applicable tax rates计税成本Assessable cost核定所得额Assessable income平均成本利润率Average cost-plus margin rate平均销售价格Average sales price营业税Business tax偶然所得Casual income所得项目Category of income组成计税价格Composite taxable price本纳税年度Current tax year所得税申报Declaration of income tax扣除项目Deductible items免税项目扣除Deduction of the tax exemption item契税Deed tax视同销售Deemed sales/sales equivalent免除纳税义务Discharge of tax obligation应税商品Dutiable goods纳税义务Duty of tax payment权益性投资收益Earning from equity investments雇员福利，职工福利Employee benefit企业所得税Enterprise income tax国外所得收入Foreign earned income一般纳税人General taxpayer特许权使用费所得Income from franchise royalty利息、股息、红利所得Income from interests, dividends and bonuses劳务所得Income from labor service财产租赁所得Income from leasing of property生产经营所得Income from production and business operation转让财产所得Income from property transfer工资薪金所得Income from wages, salaries财产转让收入Income from property transfer所得税抵免Income tax credit申报缴纳所得税Income tax declaration应纳所得税Income tax payable接受捐赠所得Income from donation个人所得税Individual income tax增值税进项税额Input value added tax非正常损失Irregular loss滞纳金Late fee清算所得税Liquidation income tax最低应纳税所得额Minimum taxable income增值税起征点Minimum threshold of value-added Tax混合销售行为Mixed sales activities所得税前净所得Net income before income tax税后净利润Net profit after tax非货币资产Non-monetary asset不征税收入Non-taxable income不计入征税范围Not included in the scope of taxable activities财产原值Original value of the property/ Cost of property当期销项税额Output tax for the period增值税销项税额Output value added tax滞纳税款/欠税Overdue tax应补缴税款Payment of tax in arrears累进税率Progressive tax rate比例税率Proportional tax rate公益性捐赠Public welfare donations房产税Real estate tax居民纳税人Resident taxpayer资源税Resource tax含税销售额Sales amount including tax所得税征收范围Scope of income tax/Subject to income tax小规模纳税人Small-scale taxpayer源泉扣缴Source withholding纳税特别扣除项目Special deductible items特殊性税务处理Special tax treatment印花税Stamp tax应征税额Tax accrued税额Tax amounts税基/计税依据Tax base税种Tax category消费税税率Tax computation税收抵免Tax credit抵免限额Tax credit quota纳税期限Tax deadline税前可扣除项目Tax deductible items税收减免Tax deduction or exemption计税差异Tax differences到期应纳税款Tax due漏税/逃税Tax evasion免税Tax exemption纳税申报Tax filing本期税额Tax for the period/year已纳税额Tax paid应纳税额Tax payable纳税期限Tax payment deadline税率Tax rate减税Tax reduction退税Tax refund税收附加Tax surcharge起征点Tax threshold计税价格Tax value/Taxable price减免税额Tax amount deducted应税所得Taxable income应税项目Taxable item纳税期间Taxable period对股息征税Taxation of dividends免税收入Tax-exempt income免税税目Tax-exempt item免税利润Tax-exempt profit含税价格Tax-included price纳税人Taxpayer土地使用税Urban land-use tax增值税Value added tax(VAT)土地增值税Value-added tax on land/Land appreciation tax增值税减免VAT exemption or reduction车船税Vehicle and vessel tax车辆购置税Vehicle purchase tax扣缴义务人Withholding agent代扣代缴税款Withholding and remitting tax预提所得税Withholding income tax零税率Zero tax rate财务成本管理应收账款周转次数Accounts receivable turnover应收账款周转天数Accounts receivable turnover days取得成本Acquisition cost实际增长率Actual growth rate实际利率Actual interest rate配股后每股价格After-allotment price per share配股权价值Allotment option value配股价格Allotment price预付年金（即付年金、期初年金）Annuity due 会计报酬率法Accounting rate of return(ARR)平均交货时间Average delivery time贝塔（β）系数Beta coefficient债券评级Bond rating债券估价Bond valuation每股净资产Book value per share(BPS)盈亏临界点Break-even point保险储备（安全存量）Buffer inventory资本支出Capital expenditure持有成本Carrying cost现金预算Cash budget现金股利Cash dividend现金流量利息保障倍数Cash flow interest coverage ratio经营活动现金流量Cash flows from operational activities混合租赁Combination lease佣金Commission普通股Common stock补偿性余额Compensating balance复利Compound interest全面预算Comprehensive budget企业价值评估Corporate valuation成本性态Cost behavior成本中心Cost centre成本的归集和分配Cost collection and allocation资本成本Cost of capital税后债务成本Cost of debt after tax成本差异Cost variance平息债券Coupon bond债券票面利率Coupon interest rate流动资产周转次数Current assets turnover流动资产周转天数Current assets turnover days流动比率Current ratio本期收入乘数Current sales multiplier债务市场Debt market/Bond market资产负债率Debt-to-asset ratio产权比率Debt-to-equity ratio股利宣告日Declaration date财务杠杆系数Degree of financial leverage(DFL)直接租赁Direct leasing折现率Discount rate纯贴现债券（零息债券）Discounted bond (Zero coupon bond)股利支付率Dividend payout ratio经营杠杆系数Degree of operating leverage(DOL) 股价下行乘数Downstream price multiplier总杠杆系数Degree of total leverage (DTL)息前税前利润Earnings before interests and taxes(EBIT)经济订货量Economic order quantity(EOQ)每股盈余稀释EPS dilution每股盈余无差别点法EPS indifferent point method(EBIT-EPS break even analysis)每股盈余最大化EPS maximization每股盈余Earnings per share(EPS)权益乘数Equity multiplier股权价值Equity value经济增加值Economic value added(EVA)除息日Ex-dividend date执行价格Exercise price/Strike price外部融资销售增长比External financing needed to sales growth ratio融资租赁Financial lease/Capital lease财务估价Financial valuation完工产品Finished goods固定预算Fixed budget弹性预算Flexible budget浮动利率Floating interest rate浮动优惠利率Floating prime interest rate债务现金流量Free cash flows of creditors股权现金流量Free cash flows of equity实体现金流量Free cash flows of firm复利终值系数FV interest factor预付年金终值系数FV interest factor of annuity due终值Future value(FV)管理费用General and administrative expense持续经营价值Going concern value毛租赁Gross lease营业现金毛流量Gross operating cash flows套期保值原理Hedging principle间接成本Indirect cost通货膨胀率Inflation rate利息保障倍数Interest coverage ratio税后利息率Interest rate after tax 内含增长率Internal growth rate内部转移价格Internal transfer price内在市销率Intrinsic sales multiplier内在价值Intrinsic value存货周转次数Inventory turnover存货周转天数Inventory turnover days投资中心Investment center内含报酬率法Internal rate of return(IRR)非相关成本Irrelevant cost发行价格Issuance price租赁期Lease term租赁资产Leasehold property承租人Lessee出租人Lessor杠杆贡献率Leverage contributing ratio杠杆租赁Leverage lease清算价值Liquidation value短期偿债能力比率Liquidity ratios长期债券Long-term bond制造费用预算Manufacturing overhead budget边际贡献率Marginal contribution ratio市场组合Market portfolio市场价格Market price市价稀释Market price dilution市场风险溢价Market risk premium债券到期日Maturity date市场增加值Market value added(MAV)最大最小法Maximin method企业价值最大化Maximization of firm’s value股东财富最大化Maximization of shareholders’ wealth混合成本Mixed cost互斥项目Mutually exclusive projects/events流通债券Negotiable bond净财务杠杆Net financial leverage净租赁Net lease营业现金净流量Net operating cash flows销售净利率Net profit margin净现值法NPV method净现值Net present value(NPV)经营租赁Operating lease经营杠杆Operating leverage机会成本Opportunity cost期权价值Option value订货提前期Order lead time订货成本Ordering cost普通年金（后付年金）Ordinary annuity债券面值Par value/Face value回收期法Payback period method股利支付日Payment date经营资产销售百分比Percentage of operating assets to sales经营负债销售百分比Percentage of operating liabilities to sales销售百分比法Percentage-of-sales method期间成本Period cost定期预算Periodic budget永久债券Perpetual bond永续年金Perpetuity优先股Preferred stock现值指数Present value index产品成本预算Product cost budget生产预算Production budget生产成本Production cost制造费用Production overhead利润中心Profit center利润最大化Profit maximization项目特有风险Project-specific risk公开增发Public offering复利现值系数PV interest factor预付年金现值系数PV interest factor of annuity due现值Present value(PV)速动比率Quick ratio股权登记日Record date共同年限法Replacement chain (common life) approach必要报酬率Required rate of return剩余股利政策Residual dividend policy剩余权益收益Residual equity income剩余净金融支出Residual net financial expenditure剩余经营收益Residual operating income责任中心Responsibility center利润留存率Retention ratio权益净利率Return on equity投资报酬率Return on investment收入中心Revenue center无风险利率Risk-free interest rate无风险报酬率Risk-free rate of return安全边际率Safety margin ratio销售预算Sales budget销售费用Sales expense销售预测Sales forecast销售增长率Sales growth rate代销Sales on commission销售数量Sales volume股东权益增长率Shareholders’ equity growth ratio 短缺成本Shortage cost证券市场线Security market line(SML)标准成本Standard cost股票股利Stock dividend股价最大化Stock price maximization股票回购Stock repurchase股票分割Stock split储存成本Storage cost沉没成本Sunk cost可持续增长率Sustainable growth rate系统风险（市场风险、不可分散风险）Systematic risk (Market risk/Non-diversifiable risk)目标资本结构Target capital structure时间溢价Time premium货币的时间价值Time value of money固定成本总额Total fixed cost标的资产Underlying assets包销Underwrite单位销售价格Unit sales price单位变动成本Unit variable costs股价上行乘数Upstream price multiplier变动成本率Variable cost ratio加权平均资本成本Weighted average cost of capital(WACC)营运资本投资Working capital investment在产品Work-in-progress到期收益率法Yield-to-maturity method(YTM method)公司战略与风险管理低增长—强竞争地位的―现金牛‖业务―Cash cow‖ position : slow growth - high competitiveness低增长—弱竞争地位的―瘦狗‖业务―Dog‖ position : slow growth - low competitiveness高增长—低竞争地位的―问题‖业务―Question mark‖ position : high growth - low competitiveness 高增长—强竞争地位的―明星‖业务―Star‖ position : high growth - high competitiveness放弃战略Abandon strategy竞争环境分析Analysis of competitive environment竞争对手分析Analysis of competitors企业能力分析Analysis of corporate competencies and capabilities企业资源分析Analysis of corporate resources宏观环境分析Analysis of macro-environment市场需求分析Analysis of market demand分析型战略Analytical strategy审计委员会Audit committee平衡计分卡Balanced scorecard基准分析Benchmarking analysis蓝海战略Blue Ocean strategy波士顿矩阵Boston matrix业务单位战略（竞争战略）Business (Competitive) strategy经营目标Business objectives运营风险Business risk业务单元Business unit事业部制组织结构Business unit organization structure战略变革Change management in strategy内部信息传递Communication of internal information全面风险管理Comprehensive risk management收缩战略Contraction strategy控制活动Control activities控制环境Control environment公司治理Corporate governance总体战略Corporate strategy成本领先战略Cost leadership strategy惩治成本Cost of punishment损失成本Cost of total loss风险管理成本与效益Costs and benefits of risk management信用风险Credit risk文化与绩效Culture and performance客户细分或市场细分事业部制结构Customer segmentation/Market segmentation business structure 消费动机Customer’s motivation负债和杠杆作用Debt and gearing扁平型结构Decentralized structure决策支持系统Decision support system防御型战略Defensive strategy制定风险管理策略Development of risk management strategy发展战略Development strategy钻石模型Diamond model差异化战略Differentiation strategy直接投资Direct investment多元化并购Diversified merger and acquisition多种经营战略Diversified strategy垄断优势理论Dominance advantage theory每股盈余或市净率Earnings per share or price to book ratio效率Efficiency生产要素Elements in production内部控制的要素Elements of internal control创业型组织结构Entrepreneurial organization structure自然环境风险Environment risk股权投资Equity investment评估成本Evaluation cost事项识别Event identification处置成本Execution cost实地查验Field inspection财务风险与经营风险的搭配Financial risk and business risk内部控制的五大要素Five elements in internal control产业五种竞争力Five forces in the competitive approach集中化战略Focus strategy紧缩与集中战略Focused strategy职能制组织结构Functional organization structure职能战略Functional strategy资金活动Fund-related activities全球化战略Globalization strategy毛利率与净利润率Gross profit margin and net profit margin增长型战略Growth strategy开拓型战略Growth strategy担保业务Guarantee businessH型结构(控股企业／控股集团组织结构) H type organization structure (Holding company/Group organization structure)高经营风险与高财务风险搭配High business risk, high financial risk。
