辅导名师谈考研英语长难句中的否定
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考研英语的长难句考研英语的长难句篇1一、逆序法逆序法即倒置法。
有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同,甚至语序完全相反,这就必须从原文的后面译起,逆着原文的顺序翻译。
例如:“There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”该句可分为三部分①“There was little hope”;②“continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose”;③“in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”前两层表结果,第三层表原因。
这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反,因此要打破原句的结构,按照汉语造句的规律重新加以安排。
译为:这一带我不熟悉,天黑以后继续进行调查,取得结果的希望不大。
二、顺序法有些英语长句按逻辑关系安排,与汉语的表达方式比较一致,或者叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排,这类句子可按原文顺序译出,相比较要容易一些,大家可以按照正常的思维翻译即可。
三、分译法有些英语长句的主句与从句或主句与修饰语间的关系并不十分密切,为使意思连贯,建议考生们可把长句中的从句或短语化为句子分开来叙述,有时还可适当增加词语。
例如:“He became deaf at five after an attack of typhoid fever.”该句有两个介词短语,代表两层意思。
因此,按照分译法,打破原句的结构翻译成:他五岁的时候,生了一场伤寒病,变成了聋子。
四、综合法另有一些英语长句用前三种翻译方法翻译时都有困难,需要用综合法。
即或按时间先后,或按逻辑先后,或按逻辑顺序,有顺有逆地进行综合处理。
例如:“The phenomenon y in which light physically scatters when it passes through particles in the earth’s atmosphere that are1/10 in diameter of the color of the light.”该句可以分解为四个部分①“The phenomenon describes the way”;②“in which light physically scatters”;③“when it passes through particles in the earth‘s atmosphere”;④“that are1/10in diameter of the color of the light.”其中,第一、二和三、四部分之间是修饰与被修饰的关系。
考研英语常考长难句与典型作文范文例句含译文翻译版1、Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.[结构分析]否定副词nowhere放在句首,所以句子出现部分倒装。
注意:more 与否定词nowhere一起使用,相当于最高级。
dramatize 此处的意思是“突出显示,使…戏剧化”。
[参考译文]1980年美国的人口普查数据表明,没有哪个地方比美国最西部更能突出显示美国人想寻找更广阔的生存空间。
2、With regard to Futurist poetry,however,the case is rather difficult,for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.[结构分析]本句的主干是the case is rather difficult,for... it can hardly be classed as Literature,前面的however表示本句与前一句形成对比,句首的介词结构With regard to Futurist poetry作状语,其中with regard to的意思是“关于…”;for... it can hardly be classed as Literature是一个并列分句,表示原因,主干是it can hardly be classed as Literature;for后面的从句whatever Futurist poetry may be表示让步,作状语;破折号之间的部分even admitting that...也是让步状语,其中that 引导一个宾语从句that the theory... may be right,而从句的主语theory后又带有定语从句on which it is based。
考研英语:长难句每日一句语法解析(48)考研英语有许多题目组成,方便大家及时了解,下面由我为你精心准备了“考研英语:长难句每日一句语法解析(48)”,将可以更多的!考研英语:长难句每日一句语法解析(48)( Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Text4 第2段第2句)Markets have lost faith that the euro zone‘s economies,weaker or stronger,will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency,which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.译文:市场已经失去信心,不再相信:欧元区的经济体,无论强弱,终有一天都会因遵循使用统一货币——这可以阻止缺乏竞争力的成员国利用货币贬值快速解决经济问题——而走向融合。
分析:本句中主分的主语为Markets,谓语是 have lost,宾语是faith,后接that引导的同位语从句,对faith的内容进行解释说明。
该同位语从句中,主语是the euro zone’s economies,谓语是converge;插入语weaker or stronger用于对主语economies进行补充说明,谓语前的one day是时间状语,谓语后的thanks to…是原因状语,分别说明了converge的时间和原因;原因状语中的介词短语of sharing a single currency做后置定语修饰discipline。
该同位语从句中还包含一个由which 引导的非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词discipline。
在该定语从句中,关系代词which是主语,指代discipline,谓语部分运用了deny sb. sth.这一结构,意为“拒绝某人的某要求”。
英语变否定句的方法1、句中有be动词的,在be动词后加not;2,句中有情态动词的(can ,should,must ,would),在情态动词后面加not;3.句中没有be动词和情态动词的,在动词前加dont或doesnt ;①句中动词为原形的,加dont .如: I like apples. I dont like apples.②句中动词为三单式的,加doesnt,并将三单式的动词还原成原形。
如:He likes apples. He doesnt like apples.4、肯定句中的some在否定句中应改为any如:There are some students in the classroom. There are not any students in the classroom.2特别形式的否定句(1)肯定句含有every-的合成词时,变否定句时改为no-。
如:Everything is ready.Nothing is ready.(2)肯定句中含有always, usually和ever时,变否定句时改为never。
如:He is always late for school.He is never late for school.(3)肯定句含有many,much时,变否定句时分别改为few,little。
如:Many students know him.Few students know him.(4)肯定句中含有still时,变否定句时应改为no longer。
如:Tom is still in bed.Tom is no longer in bed.(5)肯定句含有both, both...and,all时,变否定句时应改为never,neither...nor,none。
如:Both of us are students.Neither of us is a student.(6)肯定句含有nearly, almost时,变否定句时应改为 hardly。
英语句子中“否定”表达形式种种人们用语言表达思想时,总是要涉及到意义的正与反,肯定与否定两个方面。
每种语言都有它自己一套表达否定意义的形式和方法。
对中国学生来说,用not,never等词平铺直叙的否定,不难接受,也不易造成误解。
但是对暗含的否定,双重否定和重复否定等各种否定的变异形式就不那么习惯,常常是读之不解其意,用则容易失误。
为了要正确透彻地理解否定语句的内在含意,有必要了解英语否定意义的各种表达方式及其特点。
为此,本文就英语否定的几种表达方式彼此间的差别,以及某些混合交替,互相转化的现象进行对比和阐述。
一、一般否定与特指否定英语中根据否定对象和否定范围的不同,可以分为一般否定和特指否定。
这两类否定各自的特点是多方面的。
1.否定范围不同一般否定是英语中表达否定意义的最常用的方法,通常用否定词not来否定谓语动词,谓语被否定,全句的意义也就被否定。
例如:It was not (wasn't)so.Don't talk rot.特指否定是对谓语以外的成分加以否定,这种否定只涉及到句子的某个成分。
否定词not必须放在被否定的成分面前。
例如:I am ashamed of not knowing it.Not having heard from him,I wrote again.在否定句中,否定词的位置不同,被否定的成分也就不同,并且关系到该否定句是特指否定,还是一般否定。
比较下列句子:We told him not to go.(特指否定)We didn't tell him to go.(一般否定)not的位置不同可导致意义的差别。
当not用来否定谓语动词时,构成“一般否定”,即否定全句;当not用来否定后面不定式时,则构成“特指否定”,只起到局部否定的作用。
但是,在appear,expect,happen,inten d,plan,seem,tend,want,wish等动词后面跟不定式时,如果要构成否定语句,否定词not既可以置于这些动词之前,也可以置于后面不定式之前,意义完全相同。
考研英语长难句分析详解及阅读解析,必考点[名师版]Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty.1. 本句话的谓语动词为can hinder,主语从前往后找为transient investors,宾语a firm’s efforts;2. 主谓之间出现了一个who引导的从句,为定语从句,用来修饰主语,理解时需要前置;3. 宾语后有to do不定式的并列作定语用来修饰前面的名词efforts,理解时可以前置4. 要求公司获得高季度利润的临时投资者可能会阻碍公司投资长期研究或建立客户忠诚度的努力。
Grade inflation—the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades—is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased.1. 本句主干的谓语动词为is,主语Grade inflation,主谓之间有破折号引出的内容为同位语,对主语进行解释说明;2. 主句部分出现了多个短语做修饰,宾语后of a consumer era为介词短语作定语修饰product,in higher education 为介词短语也是用来稀释前门面的product;3. 同位语部分,有in的介词短语,以及over引导的介词短语,分别为修饰语,理解时需要前置4. 后半句有一个in which引导的定语从句,通过语义可判断用来修饰consumer era,从句最后面to be pleased为to do不定式用来修饰customers;5. 成绩通胀,即:过去几十年中平均GPA(平均绩点)的逐渐增加,通常被认为是高等教育消费时代的产物,在这种时代,学生被视为需要被取悦的客户。
考研英语备战:长难句中的否定否定并不是考研英语中高频的考点,但是却是难点之一。
否定的错误理解,导致了整个句子的错误翻译,是非常常见的。
实用英语语法英语中的否定句1) 一般否定句I don’t know this. No news is good news. There is no person /not a person/not any person in the house。
2)特指否定He went to his office, not to see him. I am sorry for not coming on time. I don’t think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right。
3)部分否定I don’t know all of them. I can’t see everybody/everything. All the answers are not right。
(并非所有答案都对。
) All is not gold that glitters. (闪光的不一定都是金子。
) Both of them are not right。
(并非两人都对。
)4)全体否定None of my friends smoke. I can see nothing/nobody. Nothing can be so simple as this. Neither of them is right。
5) 延续否定You didn’t see him, neither/nor did I. You don’t know, I don’t know either. He doesn’t know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of French。
6) 半否定句We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing. I know little English. I saw few people。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析as well asIt's true, of course, that you should be able to remember what the author said as well as know what he meant. Being informed is prerequisite to being enlightened. The point, however, is not to stop at being informed.【翻译】当然下面的话肯定是对的,那就是你除了应该知道作者的意思,还要能记住他的话。
被告知是受到启迪的前提条件。
然而关键问题是,你不能只停留在被告知上。
【语法分析】第一句是一个主从复合句。
It's true是主句。
其中it是一个形式主义,而真正的主语则是后面的that从句。
that从句中be able 后面跟了两个不定式短语,一个是to remember,一个是to know.remember后面跟了一个宾语从句what the author said,而know 后面也跟了自己的宾语从句what he meant.这两个不定式之间用连词as well as连接起来。
前面讲过as well as的意思。
as well as意思是“除了......,......也”后面的意思是基础的意思,而as well as之前的那一层意思则是更深层次的,是作者想强调的意思。
所以不能把它的意思简单地理解成and.第二句是一个简单句。
结构是主系表状。
第三句也是一个简单句,句中的however,是插入语。
But whether it is a fact about the book or about the world that you have learned, you have gained nothing but information if you have exercised only your memory. You have not been enlightened. Enlightenment is achieved only when in addition to knowing what an author says, you know what he means, and why he says it.【翻译】但无论你所学到的是关于一本书的事实,还是关于世界的事实,如果你只动用了记忆力,那么你除了获得信息,其他什么都没有得到。
考研英语长难句重难点详解分析1.Consequently, nothing seems good or normal that does not accord with the requirements of the free market.先找生词。
Consequently 结果;normal 正常的;accord with(与…)一致;符合;requirements 需求;再找主干。
本句是主从复合句。
句子不是很长,但是看起来有怪怪的。
主句nothing seems good or normal;从句that does not accord with the requirements of the free market.本句的难点在于双重否定,初看句子的时候,可能会一下子转不过弯来,我碰到这种双重否定的句子,都是把它们变成肯定的句子。
这句话中,把nothing改成something,然后从句中的not去掉,意思不变,类似于数学中的负负得正。
nothing(something)seems good or normal that does (not)accord with the requirements of the free market.nothing(主语)seems(谓语)good or normal(宾语);没有什么看上去是对的或者是正常的that(主语,指代nothing)does not accord with(谓语)the requirements of the free market(宾语).不符合自由市场的需求。
句子翻译没有任何不符合自由市场的需求看上去都是对的或者是正常的。
也就是说:任何符合自由市场的需求看上去都是对的或者是正常的。
2.That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-markets economic theories先找生词。
考研英语长难句全解析-名师版He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.”(出自2008年英一翻译文章)句子主干:He(主语) +was willing to assert (谓语) +sth(宾语为that引导的宾语从句)从句:1.I have a fair share of invention, and (a fair share 省略)of common sense or(a fair share of省略) judgment 为that引导的宾语从句2.as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have 为as引导限制性定语从句,as在从句中作宾语@as引导的非限制性定语从句,As在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语As引导的限制性定语从句,一般先行词前有such,the same修饰(such +名词+as从句;the same +名词+as从句)我们可以发现这句话中such后面并没有出现名词,所以明显是省略了,省略了前面提到的invention和 common sense or judgment。
3.but not, I believe, in any higher degree.为宾语从句后面的并列转折句I believe为插入语;原句为my fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment is not in any higher degree. 【参考译文】他欣然承认说,“我具备每个非常的律师和医生所须具有的创造力、常识和判断力,但是,我认为,我的这些能力水平并不比他们高。
辅导名师谈考研英语长难句中的否定
否定并不是考研英语中高频的考点,但是却是难点之一。
否定的错误理解,导致了整个句子的错误翻译,是非常常见的。
实用英语语法英语中的否定句
1) 一般否定句
I don’t know this. No news is good news. There is no person /not a person/not any person in the house。
2)特指否定
He went to his office, not to see him. I am sorry for not coming on time. I don’t think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right。
3)部分否定
I don’t know all of them. I can’t see everybody/everything. All the answers are not right。
(并非所有答案都对。
) All is not gold that glitters. (闪光的不一定都是金子。
) Both of them are not right。
(并非两人都对。
)
4)全体否定
None of my friends smoke. I can see nothing/nobody. Nothing can be so simple as this. Neither of them is right。
5) 延续否定
You didn’t see him, neither/nor did I. You don’t know, I don’t know either. He doesn’t k now English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of French。
6) 半否定句
We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing. I know little English. I saw few people。
7) 双重否定
You can’t make something out of nothing. What’s done cannot be undone. There is no sweet without sweat. No gain without pains. I can’t help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it. No man is so old but (that) he can learn。
8)排除否定
Everyone is ready except you. He did nothing but play. But for your help, I couldn’t do it。
9)加强否定
I won’t do it at all. I can’t see it any more. He is no longer a boy
那么在否定中最难的就是双重否定和否定转移。
1.There exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas。
以上这个句子就是典型的双重否定句型,在小学语文中,我们就学过,双重否定表肯定,所以,这个句子真正的是在强调要肯定的东西。
直译为:“世界上不存在无能表达复杂想法的语言和方言。
”进一步翻译为:“世界上任何语言和方言都能表达复杂的想法。
”
2. Without accepting new techniques, there will be no great increase in labor productivity。
不采用新技术,就不能大幅度提高劳动生产率。
否定转移在考研试题中还没有出现,但是却是英语中的一个难点。
值得大家的注意:
3.Don’t cry because it is over, but smile because it happened。
这个句子含有否定和因果关系,先看因果关系之间的联系是怎样的,先翻译原因,再翻译结果,这个句子就比较简单了。
翻译为“不要因为感情结束而伤心落泪,要因为曾经经历而微笑面对。
”
有时看似否定的结构,却表达其他的意义,比如no more…than,not any more than等其实是表达比较的概念。
4.The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain。
心和胃一样不能思维,都受大脑支配。
(“no more…than翻译成汉语“和……一样不”)
5.There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink。
他们没有理由限定你吃多少维生素,就如同他们不能限定你喝多少水一样。
6.It was not so much the many blows he received as the lack of fighting spirit that led to his losing the game。
与其说他输了比赛是多次被击中,不如说是自己缺乏斗志。
(“not so much…as”翻译成“与其说……,不如说……”)
还有个别词汇也表示否定的意义,如last等。
7. He is the last person I want to see in the world。
他是这个世界上我最不愿意见到的人。