最全沉积构造分类-中英对照

Common V ocabulary of Sedimentology沉积学常用词汇Aabandoned channel 废弃河道abandoned delta 废弃的三角洲ablation breccia 消融角砾岩abrasion terrace 海蚀阶地absolute age 绝对年龄absorpting 吸附性absorption 吸收性abundance of trace element 微量元素丰度abyss(deep sea) 深海abyssal basin 深海盆地abyssal deposit 深海沉积abyssal facies 深海相abyssal ooze 深海软泥abyssal plain 深海平原abyssal subcompensational basin 深海欠补偿盆地accretion ripple 加积波痕accretion topography 加积地形accretional plain 加积平原accumulation terrace 堆积阶地ACD(aragonite compensation depth) 文石补偿深度acicular texture 针状结构acid sialic stage 酸性硅铝阶段active continental margin 活动大陆边缘active crust 活动地壳adhesion ripple 粘附波痕adhesion wart 粘附瘤痕advanced dune 前进沙丘aeolian dune facies 风成沙丘相aeolian ripple marks 风成波痕aeolian rock 风成岩agglomerate 集块岩agglomeratic texture 集块结构agglutinated grain texture 胶粒结构aggradation 加积作用air-heave structure 气胀结构aleuropelitic texture 粉沙泥质结构algal mat 藻席algal mound 藻丘algal ooid 藻鲕algal peloid 藻球粒algal reef 藻礁algal reef limestone 藻礁灰岩alkali lake 碱湖alkali-feldspar 碱性长石allitized stage 铝铁土阶段allochem 异化颗粒allochemical limestone 异化颗粒灰岩allochemical phosphorite 异化磷块岩allochthonous limestone 异地灰岩allochthonous phosphorite 异地磷块岩alluvial apron 冲积裙alluvial facies 冲积相alluvial fan 冲积扇alluvial plain 冲积平原alluvial terrace 冲积阶地altered tuff 蚀变凝灰岩ammonoid 菊石类amorphous texture 胶状结构amphibian 两栖动物amygdaloidal structure 杏仁结构anadiagenesis 后生成岩作用analcimolith 方沸石岩analysis of rocks and minerals 岩矿分析angiosperm 被子植物angular 棱角状angular gravel 角砾angular unconformity 角度不整合anhydrite 硬石膏Banhydrock 硬石膏岩anisotropic fabric 异向组构antecedent river 先成河Anthichnium花趾迹antidune cross bedding 逆行沙丘交错层理apatite 磷灰石aphanitic texture 隐晶结构apparent age 表观年龄apposition fabric 同沉积组构aquatolysis 陆解作用aragonite 文石archaeocyathid 古杯类Archaeopteryx始祖鸟Archean Era 太古代Arenicolites沙蚤迹arenite 砂屑岩，净砂岩argillite 泥板岩arid climate 干旱气候arkose 长石砂岩arsenopyrite 毒砂Arthropoda 节肢动物ascending springy 上升泉ash content 灰分ash fragment 灰屑asphalt 地沥青asphalt mound 沥青丘asphaltenes 沥青质assimilation 同化作用asymmetrical ripple 不对称波痕atoll 环礁atmosphere 大气圈aulacogen 拗拉谷authigenic mineral 自生矿物autunite 钙铀云母auxiliary mineral 次要矿物axis 地轴B-C sequence B—C层序back reef facies 礁后相back arc basin 弧后盆地backshore zone 后滨带backshore facies 后滨相back swamp 河漫沼泽back swamp facies 河漫沼泽相backward erosion 向源侵蚀backwash 回流bacteria 细菌bafflestone 障积岩baffling texture 障积结构bahamite 巴哈马石ball and pillow structure 砂球枕构造banded bedding 带状层理banded limestone facies 缎带灰岩相bank reef 堤礁bank seismic facies 滩地震相barchan 新月型沙丘barite 重晶石barrier beach 障壁滩barrier bar 障壁沙坝barrier island 障壁岛barrier island system 障壁岛体系barrier reef 障壁礁，堡礁basal arkose 基底长石砂岩basal cementation 基底式胶结basal conglomerate 底砾岩basalt 玄武岩baselap 底超basement 基底basic rock 基性岩basinal lake 无口湖batholith 岩基bathymetric map 等深线图bauxitic rock 铝土岩bauxitic rocks 铝土岩类bioclast 生物碎屑bayment 海湾bayment sediment 海湾沉积beach 海滩beach conglomerate 滨岸砾岩beach cusp 滩角beach environment and facies 海滩环境和相beach face 滩面beach facies 海滩相beach profile 海滩剖面beach ridge 滩脊beach ridge facies 海滩砂脊相beach rock 海滩岩beach system 海滩体系Beaconites灯塔迹bed 层bed load 床沙载荷bed migration 床沙迁移bed thickness 层厚bedding 层理bedding plane structures 层面构造bedding structures 层理构造bedform 床沙形态benthos 底栖动物beryl 绿柱石biaxial crystal 三轴晶bimodal cross bedding 双向交错层理bimodal current 双向流bimodal distribution 双峰分布binding texture 粘结结构bio-absorption 生物吸附bio-assimilation 生物吸收bio-diagenesis 生物成岩bio-mineralization 生物成矿biochemical deposition 生物化学沉积biochemical transportation 生物化学搬运biochemical weathering 生物化学风化biochron 生物时bioclastic limestone 生物碎屑灰岩bioclastic sparite 亮晶生物碎屑灰岩bioclastic micrite 生物碎屑微晶灰岩biodeposition 生物沉积biofacies 生态相biofacies-paleogeographic map 生物相古地理图biofixation 生物固定bioframework pore 生物骨架孔biogenic lamination structure 生物层理构造biogeochemistry(organic geochemistry) 有机地球化学bioherm 生物层biohermal facies 生物层相biohermal activity 生物活动biohermal community 生物群落biohermal marker 生物标志化合物biohermal trail 生物遗迹biohermal weathering 生物风化biomechanical deposition 生物机械沉积biomechanical transportation 生物机械搬运biophosphorite 生物磷块岩biophysical weathering 生物物理风化biosphere 生物圈biostratigraphic unit 生物地层单位biostratigraphy 生物地层学biosurface 生物面biota 生物群biotite 黑云母bioturbation facies 生物扰动相bioturbation structure 生物扰动构造biozone 生物带bird fecal phosphorite 鸟粪石磷块岩bird-foot delta 鸟足状三角洲birdeye pore 鸟眼孔birdeye structure 鸟眼构造bitter lake 盐湖bitumen 沥青bivalve 双壳类black shale 黑色页岩bladed 叶片状blister mat 泡状藻席blue-green algae(cyanophyte) 蓝绿藻body fossils 实体化石boehmite 一水软铝石boehmitic rock 一水铝土岩boghead coal 藻煤boracite 方硼石borax 硼砂boring 生物钻孔bottom cast 底模bottom current 底流bottom current facies 底流相bottom mark 底痕bottom moraine facies 底积相bottom reef facies 礁底相bottom set 底积层boulder 漂砾boulder conglomerate 漂砾砾岩Bouma sequence 鲍马层序boundstone 粘结岩brachiopod 腕足动物brackish-water lake 半咸水湖braid index 游荡性指数braided river 辫状河breaker zone 碎浪带breccia 角砾岩broken stage 破碎阶段brown algae 褐藻bruise 撞痕brush cast 刷模bryophyte 苔藓植物bryozoan 苔藓虫类bubble impression 泡沫痕buildup 岩隆bulkrock analysis 全岩分析burrow 潜穴CC14 age method C14法caking property 粘结性calcarenite 砂屑灰岩calcarenitic texture 砂屑结构calcareous cement 钙质胶结物calcareous concretion 钙质结核calcareous quartzarenite 钙质石英岩calcareous shale 钙质页岩calcarenaceous turbidite facies 钙屑浊积岩相calcilutite 泥屑灰岩calcilutic texture 泥屑结构calcirudite 砾屑灰岩calcirutidic texture 砾屑结构calcisiltic texture 粉屑结构calcisiltite 粉屑灰岩calcite 方解石Caledonian movement 加里东运动caliche 钙结岩Cambrian Period 寒武纪cap reef facies 礁盖相capillary action dolomitization 毛细管浓缩白云化作用caprock 盖层captured river 袭夺河carbonhydrate 碳水化合物carbon isotope 碳同位素carbonaceous shale 炭质页岩carbonate flysch suite 碳酸盐岩复理石建造carbonate grain 碳酸盐颗粒carbonate minerals 碳酸盐矿物carbonate platform 碳酸盐台地carbonate rocks 碳酸盐岩类carbonatite 碳酸岩Carboniferous Period 石炭纪carnallite 光卤石cast solution pore 铸模孔cataclasite 碎裂岩catagenesis 后生作用catagenetic concretion 后生结核catagenetic conglomerate 后生砾岩catagenetic dolostone 后生白云岩catagenetic mineral 后生矿物catastrophism 灾变论cathodoluminescence analysis 阴极发光分析cave deposit 洞穴沉积cave-collapse breccia 洞穴塌陷角砾岩CCD(calcite compensation depth) 方解石补偿深度CDT scale CDT标准Ce anomaly 铈异常celestine 天青石cement 胶结物cement textures 胶结物结构cementation 胶结作用cementing zone 胶结带Cenozoic Era 新生代center of subsidence 沉降中心cephalopoda 头足类chalcedony 玉髓chalk 白垩chalk carbonate suite 白垩碳酸岩建造chamosite 鲕绿泥石channel-fill facies 河道充填相channel bar 心滩chaotic carbonate facies 异地碳酸盐相chaotic sediment 混杂沉积物charophyte 轮藻chemical analysis 化学分析chemical composition analysis 化学成分分析chemical sedimentary deposit 化学沉积矿床chemical sedimentary differentiation 化学沉chemical structures 化学成因构造chemical weathering 化学风化chenier facies 千尼尔相chert 燧石岩chevron mark 锯齿痕chicken wire structure 鸡笼铁丝网构造Chirotherium掌趾迹chlorite 绿泥石Chondrichthyes 软骨鱼类Chondrites均分潜迹chronostratigraphic unit 年代地层单位chronostratigraphy 年代地层学chute 串沟chute cut-off 串沟截直cirque 冰斗classic tectonics 经典大地构造学clast 碎屑clastic material 碎屑物质clastic composition analysis 碎屑成分分析clastic mineral 碎屑矿物clastic model 碎屑模型clastic texture 碎屑结构clay 粘土clay mineral 粘土矿物claystone 粘土岩climate 气候climatic arkose 气候长石砂岩climbing ripple 爬生波痕climbing ripple cross lamination 爬升沙纹层理clot 凝块石cluster analysis 聚类分析CM plot C-M图coal 煤coal geology 煤田地质学coal-accumulating process 聚煤作用coal-forming process 成煤作用积分异coalification 煤化作用coaly monoterrigenous suite 单陆屑含煤建造coarse conglomerate 粗砾岩coarse sand 粗砂coarse silt 粗粉砂coarse siltstone 粗粉砂岩coast 海岸coast line 岸线coastal bay system 湾岸体系coastal lake area 滨湖区coastal lake facies 滨湖相coastal plain 海岸平原coastal reef 岸礁coastal topography 海岸地形coated grain 包粒coated grain phosphorite 包粒磷块岩cobble 粗砾coccolith 颗石藻cock’s comb structure 鸡冠状构造coefficient of the distribution 分配系数Coelenterata 腔肠动物coking coal 焦煤coking property 结焦性cold climate 寒冷气候cold water carbonate 冷水碳酸盐collapse breccia 滑塌角砾央colloform mat 胶状藻席colloid solution 胶体溶液collophane 胶磷矿compaction 压实作用complex delta 复合三角洲compositional maturity 成分成熟度compound ooid 复鲕compound ripple 复合波痕compound structures 复合成因构造comprehensive terms 综合术语concave flood plain 河漫滩condensed section 凝缩层cone-in-cone structure 叠锥构造conformity 整合conglomerate 砾岩conglomerates 砾岩类connecting texture 连生构造conodont 牙形石类consequent river 顺向河consolidation 固结作用constructive delta 建设性三角洲contact cementation 接触式胶结contact metamorphism 接触变质contemporaneous concretion 同生结核contemporaneous conglomerate 同生砾岩continental crust 陆壳continental drift hypothesis 大陆漂移说continental glacier 大陆冰川continental growth 大陆增生continental rift 大陆裂谷continental rise 陆隆continental slope 陆坡contour current 等深流contourite 等深积岩（等深岩）contourite drift等深岩丘contourite facies 等深积岩相convergent margin 会聚边缘convolute bedding 包卷层理coppery carbonate rock 含铜碳酸盐岩coppery conglomerate 含铜砾岩coppery rock 铜质岩coppery rocks 铜质岩类coppery sandstone 含铜砂岩coppery shale 含铜页岩coquina 介壳灰岩coral 珊瑚coral reef 珊瑚礁concavo-convex contact 凹凸接触concretion 结核coral reef limestone 珊瑚礁灰岩coral reef facies 礁核相correlative analysis 相关分析coset 层系组Cosmorhaphe丽线迹country rock 围岩cover 盖层crack 裂隙crater lake 火口湖cratonic basin 克拉通盆地crawling trail 爬行迹CRER(Cretaceous Events and Rhythms) 白垩纪事件与韵律Cretaceous Period 白垩纪crevasse splay 决口扇crevasse-splay facies 决口扇相Crinoid 海百合类cristobalite 方英石cross bedding 交错层理cross bedding orientation 交错层理定向crude oil 原油Cruziana克鲁兹迹Cruziana assemblage 克鲁兹迹组合cryptograin texture 隐粒结构Cryptozoic Eon 隐生宙crystal cast 晶体印模crystal fragment 晶屑crystal grain texture 晶粒结构crystal optics 晶体光学crystal tuff 晶屑凝灰岩crystallized ooid 变晶鲕crystalline dolostone 结晶白云岩crystalline granular texture 晶粒结构crystallization differentiation 结晶分异作用crystallo petrology 结晶岩石学crystalloblastic texture 变晶结构cumulative frequency curve 频率累积曲线current ripple cross lamination 流水沙纹层理current rose 流水玫瑰花图curty bedding 卷曲层理curved ripple 扭曲波痕cuspate delta 鸟嘴状三角洲cut-off 裁弯取直cutoff basin 封闭盆地cycle sequence 旋回层序cyclostratigraphy 旋回地层学Cylindrichnus柱管迹Cylindricum柱形迹Ddammed lake 堰塞湖damp climate 潮湿气候debris flow 泥石流debris flow facies 泥石流相decomposition 分解作用dedolomitization 去白云化作用deep lake area 深湖区deep lake facies 深湖相deep water lagoon 深水泻湖deep-water basin 深水盆地deep-water environment 深水环境deep-water shelf 深水陆棚deep-water system 深水沉积体系deformation 变形deformation fabric 形变结构degradation 降解作用degypsification 去膏化作用dehydration 脱水作用delta 三角洲delta environment and facies 三角洲环境和相delta front 三角洲前缘delta lobate 三角洲叶状体cumulative probability curve 概率累积曲线current mark 流痕current ripple 流水流痕delta plain 三角洲平原delta plain facies 三角洲平原相delta system 三角洲体系deluvial facies 坡积相deluvial zone 坡积带density current 密度流denudation 剥蚀作用depocenter 沉积中心depositional bauxitic rock 沉积型铝土岩depositional cycle 沉积旋回depositional plain 沉积平原depositional system 沉积体系depositional system analysis 沉积体系分析desert 沙漠desert environment and facies 沙漠环境和相desert facies 沙漠相desert lake 沙漠湖泊desert lake facies 沙漠湖泊相desert system 沙漠体系desert varnish 沙漠漆destructive delta 破坏性三角洲determination of rocks and minerals 岩矿鉴定deviation ooid 偏心鲕development in sedimentology 沉积学进展Devonian Period 泥盆纪diagenesis 成岩作用diagenetic concretion 成岩结核diagenetic conglomerate 成岩砾岩diagenetic crack 成岩裂隙diagenetic dolostone 成岩白云岩diagenetic environment 成岩环境diagenetic mineral 成岩矿物diagenetic trap 成岩圈闭diagonal bar 斜列沙坝diagonal bedding 斜层理diamictite 混积岩diapiric structure 底辟构造diatom 硅藻diatom ooze 硅藻软泥diatomite 硅藻岩diatreme breccia 爆发角砾岩dickite 地开石Dictyodora网锥迹differential thermal analysis 差热分析differential weathering 差异风化Dikaka双叉迹dike 岩脉Dinosaur 恐龙dip 倾向Diplichnites双趾迹Diplocraterion双环迹direct runoff 地表径流dirty sandstone 脏砂岩discriminant analysis 判别分析dish structure 盘状构造disorganized 乱杂型disorganized bedding 紊乱层理dispersal system 分散系dissected basin 切割盆地dissolution 溶解dissolved load 溶解载荷dissolved material 溶解物质dissolving zone 溶解带distal bar 远砂坝distal bar facies 远砂坝相distal facies 远源相distal fan 外扇distal onlap 远端上超distal turbidite 远源浊积岩distorted ooid 变形鲕distributary 分流diara 沙洲diaspore 一水硬铝石diastem 沉积停顿diatactive varve 粒度递变纹泥distributary backswamp facies 分流河道河漫沼泽相distributary channel 分流河道distributary channel facies 分流河道相distributary levee facies 分流河道堤岸相distributary mouth bar 河口砂坝distributary mouth bar facies 河口砂坝相distribution of REE 稀土元素分配distribution of trace element 微量元素分配distrophic lake 缺养湖disturbed bedding 扰动层理dolarenite 砂屑白云岩doll concretion 钙结核dololaminite 纹层状白云岩dololutite 泥屑白云岩dolomicrite 微晶白云岩dolomite 白云石dolomitic limestone 云灰岩dolomitic phosphorite 白云质磷块岩dolomitization 白云石化作用dolomitized limestone 白云化灰岩dolorudite 砾屑白云岩dolosiltite 粉屑白云岩dolostone 白云岩dolostone evaporite suite 白云岩型蒸发岩建造dolostones 白云岩类domelike stromatolite 穹状叠层石dorag dolomitization 混合白云化作用double mud drapes 双粘土层downcutting 下切作用downlap 下超downslope ripple 下移波痕draa 臂状沙丘drainage basin 流域drainage system 水系drift dam 冰碛坝dune facies 沙丘相dwelling trail 居住迹Eearly diagenesis 早期成岩作用earth 地球ea rth’s core地核e arth’s crust地壳e arth’s mantle地幔Echinoderm 棘皮动物Echinoid 海胆类ecology 生态学economic geology 经济地质学edgewise structure 竹叶状构造effusive rock 喷出岩Eh value Eh值electronic probe analysis 电子探针分析elevated crust 抬生地壳eluvial breccia 残积角砾岩eluvial facies 残积相eluvial zone 残积带embayment 海湾enclosed sea 封闭海end moraine facies 终冰碛相end peneplain 终期准平原endobiont 内栖动物endogenetic sediments 内成沉积物endogenic deposit 内生矿床endorheic basin 内流盆地Eocene Epoch 始新世eolian basin 风蚀盆地eolian cross bedding 风成交错层理eolian dune 风成沙丘drift plain 冰碛平原drowned platform 沉没台地drowned valley 溺谷drusy texture 丛生结构dune 沙丘eolianite 风成岩eonothem 宇epeiric sea 陆表海epibionts 底表生物epidiagenesis 表生成岩作用epidiagenetic environment 表生成岩环境epigenesis 表生作用epigenetic concretion 表生结核epigenetic deposit 后生矿床epiglyph 顶面痕epimatrix 外杂基epoch of mineralization 成矿期epsilon cross bedding ε交错层理epsomite 泻利盐equant 等轴状erathem 界erosion 侵蚀作用erosional basis 侵蚀基准面erosional plain 侵蚀平原erosional terrace 侵蚀阶地erosional topography 侵蚀地形escape structure 逃逸构造esker 蛇形丘essential mineral 主要矿物estuarine facies 河口湾相estuary 河口湾ething mark 刻蚀痕eugeosyncline 优地槽euryhaline environment 广盐度环境euryhaline lagoon 广盐泻湖euryhaline organism 广盐性生物eurythermal organism 广温性生物eutrophic lake 兹养湖evaporation 蒸发作用evaporite 蒸发岩evaporite platform 蒸发盐台地evaporite-solution breccia 盐溶角砾岩experimental sedimentology 实验沉积学explanation for orientation 定向解释Ffabric 组构fabric of carbonate rock 碳酸盐岩组构fabric of claystone 粘土岩组构facies 相facies arrangement 相排列facies association 相组合facies belt 相带facies change 相变facies fossil 指相化石facies group 相组facies map 相图facies mineral 指相矿物facies model 相模式facies province 相区facies sequence 相序列fan-shaped delta 扇形三角洲faro 小环礁fault 断层fault basin 断陷盆地fauna 动物群fecal peloid 粪球粒feeding trail 进食迹feldspar 长石feldsparthic litharenite 长石岩屑砂岩feldsparthic quartzarenite 长石石英砂岩felty structure 毡状构造fenestral structure 窗孔构造ferroalumino suite 铝土铁质建造evaporites 蒸发岩类evaporitive pumping dolomitization 蒸发泵白云化作用excrement 排泄物exinite 壳质组exogenetic sediments 表成沉积物ferrodolomite 铁白云石ferromanganese concretion 铁锰结核ferruginous cement 铁质胶结物ferruginous quartzarenite 铁质石英砂岩ferruginous rocks 铁质岩类ferruginous rock 铁质岩ferruginous shale 铁质页岩fibrous texture 纤状构造filled valley 冲淤谷filled-lake plain 淤积湖平原film mat 薄膜状藻席film texture 薄膜结构fine conglomerate 细砾岩fine sand 细砂fine silt 细粉砂fine siltstone 细粉砂岩finger bar 指状砂坝firth 三角港fixed dune 固定沙丘flame structure 火焰构造flaser bedding 脉状层理flat bedding 平坦层理flat mat 平坦藻席flocculation 聚沉作用，絮凝作用flocculation by condensation 浓缩聚沉flocculation by electrolyte 电解质聚沉flood 洪水flooded lake 河漫湖flooded lake facies 河漫湖泊相floodplain 洪积平原floodplain facies 洪积平原相flora 植物群flow system 流动系fluid 流体fluid dynamics 流体动力学fluidized sediment flow 液化沉积物流flume experiment 水槽实验fluival-dominated delta 河控三角洲fluxoturbidite 滑塌浊积岩flysch 复理石flysch facies 复理石相flyschoid 类复理石flysch suite 复理石建造foliaton 叶理footprint 足印foraminifera reef limestone 有孔虫礁灰岩Foraminiferan 有孔虫类fore reef facies 礁前相forearc basin 弧前盆地foredeep basin 前渊盆地foreland basin 前陆盆地foreset 前积层foreshore facies 前滨相foreslope facies 前缘斜坡相forslope of platform 台地前缘斜坡formation 组fossil 化石fossil microtextures 生物显微结构fossil orientation 化石定向framework grain 骨粒francolite 碳氟磷灰石freeze thaw weathering 冻融风化frequency curve 频率曲线fresh water dolomitization 淡水白云石化作用fresh water dolostone 淡水白云岩fresh-water lake 淡水湖freshened lagoon 淡化泻湖freshening environment 淡化环境fluorescence analysis 荧光分析fluorite 萤石fluroapatite 氟磷灰石flute cast 槽模flute cast orientation 槽模定向fluival environment and facies 河流环境和相fluival system 冲积体系front moraine facies 前积相front sand sheet facies 前缘席状砂相frost weathering 寒冻风化frost 霜面Froude’s Number福劳德数fusulinid蜓类fungi 真菌Gganister 致密硅岩Gastropod 腹足类gelatinous mat 凝胶状藻席gelatinous phosphorite 胶状磷块岩geochemical methods 地球化学方法geochronologic scale 地质年代表geological record 地质记录geomorphologic unit 地貌单元geomorphology 地貌学geopetal structure 示底构造geophysical methods 地球物理方法geosuture 地缝合线geosyncline 地槽giant ripple 巨波痕gibbsite 三水铝石gibbsitic rock 三水铝土岩Gilbert type delta 吉尔伯特型三角洲glacial climate 冰川气候glacial environment and facies 冰川环境和相glacial erratics 冰川漂砾glacial morphology 冰川地貌glacial system 冰川体系glacial tongue 冰舌glacial valley 冰蚀谷glacier 冰川glaciodelta 冰成三角洲glaciodelta facies 冰成三角洲相glaciofluvial environment 冰川冲积环境global climate change 全球气候变迁global rhythm and event 全球韵律和事件global sea level fluctuation 全球海平面升降global sedimentary geology program 全球沉积地质计划global sedimentology 全球沉积学global volcanism 全球火山作用globigerina ooze 抱球虫软泥gneiss 片麻岩gobi 戈壁gobi facies 戈壁相Gondwana 冈瓦纳古陆Gondwana land bridge 冈瓦纳陆桥grade scale 粒级标准graded bedding 粒序层理grain dolostone 颗粒白云岩grain flow 颗粒流grain index 颗粒指数grain limestone 颗粒灰岩grain orientation 颗粒定向grain phosphorite 粒屑磷块岩grain size 粒度grain size analysis 粒度分析grain size distribution 粒度分布grain size parameter 粒度参数grain supported 颗粒支撑grainstone 颗粒岩granite 花岗岩granular texture 粒状结构granule 细砾glaciofluvial facies 冰水冲积相glaciofluvial terrace 冰水阶地glaciolacustrine environment 冰川湖泊环境glaciolacutrine facies 冰川湖泊相glaciomarine environment 冰海环境glaciomarine facies 冰海相glauconite 海绿石glauconitic quartzarenite 海绿石石英砂岩grapestone 葡萄石graptolite 笔石类gravel 砾gravel fabric 砾石组构gravity cementation 重力胶结gravity flow 重力流greywacke 灰瓦克岩，硬砂岩，杂砂岩grazing trail 觅食迹green algae(chorophyte) 绿藻grey biterrigenous suite 灰色复陆屑建造graywacke (greywacke) 硬砂岩greywacke suite 杂砂岩建造groove cast 沟模group 群growth fabric 生长组构guide fossil 标志化石guyot 海底平顶山Gymnosperm 裸子植物gypsolith 石膏岩gypsum 石膏gypsum evaporite suite 膏盐型蒸发岩建造Hhail print 雹痕halides 卤化物halite 石盐halloysite 埃洛石halmyrolysis 海解作用hardground structure 硬底构造heating stage 显微镜热台heavy mineral 重矿物heavy mineral analysis 重矿物分析Helminthoida蠕形迹Helminthopsis拟蠕形迹helocline 盐度跃层hematite 赤铁矿hematitic rock 赤铁岩high water level 高潮面high-angle cross bedding 高角度交错层理high-density current 高密度流high-energy ooid 高能鲕high-magnesian calcite 高镁方解石high-rank sandstone 高级杂砂岩high-sinuosity river 高弯度河highmoor peat 高沼泥炭highstand system tract 高水位体系域hill 丘陵histogram 直方图history of sedimentology 沉积学史Holocene Epoch 全新世homopycnal flow 等密度流honey comb structure 蜂窝状构造horizontal bedding 水平层理host rock 主岩hot sping 热泉hot water dolomitization 热水白云石化作用hot water sedimentary rock 热水沉积岩hot water sedimentation 热水沉积作用HREE 重稀土元素humic acid 腐殖酸humic substance 腐殖质humic-type kerogen 腐殖型干酪根huminite 腐殖组hummocky cross bedding 丘状交错层理hybrid sediments 混合沉积物hydrated zone 水合带hemipelagic carbonate facies 半远洋碳酸盐相hemipelagic environment 半远洋环境hemipelagic facies model 半远洋相模式hermatypic coral 造礁珊瑚herringbone cross bedding 羽状交错层理heulanditic rock 片沸石岩hiatus 沉积间断high moor 高位沼泽hydration 水合作用hydrocarbon 烃hydrogen isotope 氢同位素hydrolysis 水解作用hydrolysis zone 水解带hydrosphere 水圈hydrothermal deposit 热液矿床hydrothermally cemented rock 热泉胶结岩Hyolithid 软舌螺类hypabyssal rock 浅成岩hypergenic mineral 表生矿物Iice crystal cast 冰晶模ice sheet 冰盖ichnology 遗迹学ideal section 理想剖面igneous petrology 火成岩石学igneous rock 火成岩illite 伊利石imbricated structure 叠瓦构造illite claystone 伊利石粘土岩immersion method 油浸法immersion oil 浸油indentation 凹坑index fossil 标准化石index of meandering 曲流指数index of sinuosity 弯度指数indication of oil and gas 油气显示Indo-China movement 印支运动inertinite 惰性组infrared absorption spectrum analysis 红外光谱分析injective structure 注入构造inland basin 内陆盆地inland drainage 内陆水系inland sabkha 内陆萨勃哈interference colour 干涉色interference ripple 干涉波痕interference figure 干涉图interformational conglomerate 层间砾岩intergranular pore 粒间孔intergranular solution pore 粒间溶孔interlayered bedding 互层层理intermittent suspended load 间歇悬浮载荷intermontane basin 山间盆地internal tide 内潮汐internal-tide deposits 内潮汐沉积internal wave 内波internal-wave deposits 内波沉积International Association of Sedimentologists (IAS) 国际沉积学家协会International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) 国际地科联interstitial water 孔隙水interstitial material 填隙物interstitial zone 潮间带intra-arc basin 弧内盆地intrabasinal environment and facies 内源沉积环境和相intrabasinal lake 盆内湖intrabasinal rock 盆内岩intrabasinal sediment 内源沉积物intraclast 内碎屑intraclastic limestone 内碎屑灰岩inland sabkha facies 内陆萨勃哈相inner bar 内沙坝inner bar facies 内沙坝相inner shelf 内陆棚inner shelf facies 内陆棚相inter-reef facies 礁间相interarc basin 弧间盆地intercalated beds 隔层intercontinental rift 陆间裂谷interdistributary bay 分流间湾intraclastic phosphorite 内碎屑磷灰岩intracratonic basin 克拉通内盆地intraformational breccia 层内角砾岩intragranular pore 粒内孔intragranular solution pore 粒内溶孔intramicrite 内碎屑微晶灰岩intramontane basin 山间盆地intrasparite 内碎屑亮晶灰岩iinverse graded bedding 逆粒序层理ion absorption 离子吸附作用ion exchange 离子交换作用isolated platform 孤立台地isolated ripple 孤立波痕isolithic map 等岩性图isopach cementation 等厚环边胶结isopachous map 等厚线图Isopodichnus等趾迹isotope abundance 同位素丰度isotope composition 同位素组成isotope dating 同位素定年isotope fractionation 同位素分馏isotope fractionation factor 同位素分馏系数isotope ratio 同位素比值isotope standard 同位素标准isotopic age 同位素年龄isotopic geochemistry 同位素地球化学isotropic fabric 等向组构Jjasper rock 碧玉岩jasper suite 碧石建造Jurassic Period 侏罗纪Kkame 冰碛kaolinic claystone 高岭石粘土岩kaolinite 高岭石lacustrine system 湖泊体系lag facies 滞留相lagoon 泻湖lagoon facies 泻湖相lake delta 湖泊三角洲lake delta facies 湖泊三角洲相lamellar fibrous texture 层纤结构lamina 细层laminar flow 层流laminated texture 片状结构landslide 滑坡late diagenesis 晚期成岩作用lateral accretion 侧向加积lateral erosion 侧向侵蚀lateral facies change 侧向相变laterite 红土lateritic bauxitic rock 红土型铝土岩laterized stage 红土阶段lattice structure 晶格状构造lava fragment 浆屑layered moraine 层状冰积物leaching zone 淋滤带legend 图例lenticular bedding 透镜状层理lenticulite 扁豆状熔灰岩levee facies 堤岸相Liesegang banding 李泽冈环karst breccia 岩溶角砾岩karst lake 岩溶湖karst morphology 岩溶地貌kerogen 干酪根kidney-like hematitic rock 肾状赤铁岩kidney-shaped texture 肾状结构knob and tail mark 丘尾痕kurtosis 尖度Llacustrine 湖泊的，湖成的lime clast 灰屑lime dolostone 灰云岩lime mud 灰泥lime mudstone 灰泥岩lime-mud matrix 灰泥基质lime-mud mound 灰泥丘limestone 石灰岩limestones 灰岩类limnic basin 陆相含煤盆地limnogenic rock 淡水沉积岩limonite 褐铁矿limonite rock 褐铁岩linear contact 线接触linear sand bar 线形砂坝lineation 线理link single crystal texture 连生单晶结构litharenite 岩屑砂岩lithic arkose 岩屑长石砂岩lithic fragment 岩石碎屑lithic graywacke 岩屑杂砂岩lithic quartzarenite 岩屑石英砂岩lithic tuff 岩屑凝灰岩lithofacies 岩相lithofacies map 岩相图lithofication 石化作用lithoherm 岩礁lithologic column 岩性柱状图lithologic section 岩性剖面lithosphere 岩石圈lithostratigraphic unit 岩性地层单位lithostratigraphy 岩石地层学lithotype 煤岩类型littoral dune 沿岸沙丘littoral zone 滨海带load cast 重荷模lobate bedding 叶状层理loess 黄土low-angle cross bedding 低角度交错层理low-density current 低密度流low-density turbidity current 低密度浊流low-rank sandstone 低级杂砂岩low-sinuosity river 低弯度河lower flow regime 下部流态lowsand system tract 低水位体系域LREE 轻稀土元素lump 团块lump limestone 团块灰岩lump micrite limestone 团块微晶灰岩lump phosphorite 团块磷块岩lump sparite limestone 亮晶团块灰岩Mmacroclastic rock 粗碎屑岩macrofossil 大化石macroid 大包粒magma 岩浆magmatic deposit 岩浆矿床magmatic rock 岩浆岩magmatism 岩浆作用magnesite 菱镁矿magnetic element 地磁要素magnetic pole 地磁极magnetic pole wandering 地磁极游移loess concretion 黄土结核loess facies 黄土相loess field 黄土原logging 测井lognormal distribution 对数正态分布longitudinal bar 纵向砂坝longitudinal section 纵剖面longshore bar 沿岸砂坝longshore current 沿岸流Lophocteniun菊瓣迹low moor 低位沼泽low water level 低潮面magnetic stratigraphy 磁性地层学magnetite 磁铁矿magnetitic rock 磁铁岩main river 干流mammal 哺乳动物manganiferous carbonate rock 锰质碳酸盐岩manganiferous claystone 锰质粘土岩manganiferous concretion 锰结核manganiferous concretional rock 锰质结核岩manganiferous rock 锰质岩manganiferous rocks 锰质岩类manganiferous siliceous rock 锰质硅质岩manganiferous clastic rock 锰质碎屑岩manganite 水锰矿mantle convection 地幔对流marchasite 白铁矿marginal platform 边缘台地marginal sea 陆缘海marine bench 海蚀台marine cliff 海蚀崖marine diagenetic environment 海水成岩环境marine drift 漂流marine environment and facies 海洋环境和相marine facies 海相marine phreatic zone 海水潜流带marine salina 滨海盐沼marine vadose zone 海水渗流带Markov chain analysis 马尔可夫链分析marl 泥灰岩marsh 沼泽marsh environment and facies 沼泽环境和相massive bedding 块状层理massive flow 块体流matrix 杂基matrix supported 杂基支撑maturity analysis 成熟度分析maturity index 成熟度指数mechanical transportation and deposition 机械搬运和沉积medial moraine facies 中碛相median grain size 中值粒度Mediterranean sea 地中海medium conglomerate 中粒砾岩medium of transportation and sedimenation 搬运和沉积介质medium sand 中砂megaripple 大波痕meltout till 融出碛member 段meniscus cementation 新月形胶结Merostomichnites肢口迹Mesozoic Era 中生代metallic mineral 金属矿物metallic ore 金属矿产metallogenetic epoch 成矿时代metallogenic belt 成矿带metallogenic province 成矿区metamorphic age 变质年龄metamorphic belt 变质带metamorphic deposit 变质矿床metamorphic facies 变质相metamorphic grade 变质程度。

地质专业词汇中英文对照一、地层stratigraphy宇eonothem界erathem系system统series阶stage群group组formation段member显生宇Phaneozoic Eonothem 元古宇Proterozoic Eonothem 太古宇Archaean Eonothem新生界Cenozoic Erathem第四系Quaternary System全新统Holocene Series更新统Pleistocene Series 第三系Tertiary System晚第三系Neogene System上新统Pliocene Series中新统Miocene Series早第三系Paleogene System渐新统Oligocene Series始新统Eocene Series古新统Paleocene Series中生界Mesozoic Erathem白垩系Cretaceous System侏罗系Jurassic System三叠系triassic System古生界Paleozoic Erathem二叠系Permian System石炭系Carboniferous System泥盆系Devonian System志留系Silurian System奥陶系Ordovician System寒武系Cambrian System新元古界Neoproterozoic Erathem震旦系Sinian System中元古界Mesoproterozoic Erathem 古元古界Palaeoproterozoic Erathem 地层对比stratigraphic correlation 层位horizon标志层key bed哑层barren bed缺失lacuna尖灭feather edge透镜状结构lensoid连续continuity不连续discontinuity整合conformity不整合unconformity角度不整合angular unconformity平行不整合para-unconformity产状occurrence走向strike倾角dip真倾角true dip视倾角apparent dip倾伏角plunge侧倾角pitch层理bedding层面bedding planes交错层理cross bedding二、岩性lithology粘土clay粉质粘土silty clay砂sand砾石gravel沉积岩sedimentary rock火成岩igneous rock变质岩metamorphic rock粘土岩claystone, clay rock页岩shale泥岩mudstone粉砂岩siltstone泥质粉砂岩argillaceous siltstone, pelitic siltstone, muddy siltstone砂岩sandstone泥质砂岩argillaceous sandstone, pelitic sandstone, muddy sandstone砾岩conglomerate煤coal灰岩limestone泥灰岩marl, marlstone白云岩dolomite蒸发岩evaporite岩浆岩magmatic rock, magmatite 花岗岩granite玄武岩basalt凝灰岩tuff大理岩marble片麻岩gneiss夕卡岩skarn三、矿物mineral 石英quartz长石feldspar云母mica白云母muscovite 方解石calcspar角闪石hornblende 石膏gypsum硬石膏anhydrite 石盐rock salt钾石盐sylvine光卤石carnallite溢晶石tachydrite 水氯镁石bischofite 四、颜色colour灰色gray白色white黄色yellow蓝色blue绿色green黑色black红色red棕色brown黄褐色tan深色dark浅色light暗色dull五、构造tectonics 断层fault正断层normal fault逆断层reverse fault冲断层thrust走滑断层strike-slip fault 倾滑断层dip-slip fault 断层面fault surface断层线fault line地垒horst地堑graben节理joint上盘hanging wall下盘foot wall落差throw平错heave断层泥fault gouge断层角砾fault brecci海侵transgression海退regression褶曲fold背斜anticline向斜syncline褶轴fold axis轴隆区culmination轴陷区depression翼limb穹窿dome盆地basin六、水文地质hydrologic geology河流river水库reservoir泉spring地表水surface water地下水groundwater大气降水atmospheric precipitation潜水phreatic water承压水confined water层间水interstrated water地下水位groundwater level含水层aquifer, water bearing layer隔水层aquiclude, water-resisting layer 弱含水层aquitard透水层permeable bed孔隙含水层porous aquifer裂隙含水层fissured aquifer岩溶含水层karst aquifer无压含水层unconfined aquifer承压含水层confined aquifer含水岩组water-bearing formation 含水岩系water-bearing rock series 持水度water-holding capacity给水度specific yield透水性permeability富水性water yield property溶洞karst cave孔隙水pore water裂隙水fissure water岩溶水karst water补给区recharge area径流区runoff area排泄区discharge area地下径流underground runoff地下水排泄groundwater discharge降水补给precipitation recharge地表水补给surface water recharge越流补给leakage recharge水文地质单元hydrogeological unit地下水赋存条件 groundwater occurrence水文地质条件hydrogeological condition 水文地质类型hydrogeological type地下水储存量groundwater storage地下水监测groundwater monitoring抽水试验pumping test注水试验injection test入渗试验Infiltration test水文调查hydrologic investigation渗透系数osmotic coefficient矿床充水flooding of ore deposit矿床充水条件flooding condition of ore deposit矿床充水水源Water source of ore deposit flooding 矿床充水通道flooding passage in ore deposit充水岩层flooding layer老窿水goaf water矿坑涌水量water yield of mine正常涌水量normal water yield最大涌水量maximum water yield大井法Large diameter well method开采疏干simultaneous draining in mining地下疏干underground draining地表疏干surface draining疏干钻孔drain well疏干巷道draining tunnel矿井突水water bursting in mines突水点water bursting point防水矿柱ore pillar preventing water burst矿井堵水water blocking in mines探水钻孔water exploration borehole注浆孔grouting well最高洪水位maximum flood level七、工程地质egineering geology顶板roof顶板稳定性roof stability顶板冒落带caving zone of top wall顶板裂隙带fissure zone of top wall顶板管理roof control顶板支护roof support顶板崩落collapse of roof底板floor, footwall底鼓footwall heaving岩石物理性质physical properties of rock岩石力学性质mechanical properties of rock 抗压强度compressive strength抗拉强度tensile strength岩爆rock burst软弱结构面weak structural plane工程地质条件engineering geologic condition 八、环境地质environmental geology岩崩rock fall滑坡landslide泥石流mud-rock flow地震earthquake地面沉降subsidence地面开裂land crack地面塌陷ground surface collapse塌陷坑collapse pit地下水污染groundwater pollution地表水污染surface water pollution污染源pollution source地下水资源枯竭 groundwater resource depletion地下水质恶化deterioration of groundwater quality 九、资源/储量resource/reserve矿产资源mineral resources储量reserves基础储量reserve base资源量resources可采储量proved reserves预可采储量probable reserves探明的measured控制的indicated推断的inferred预测的prognostic远景储量prospective reserves经济的economic边际经济的marginally economic次经济的subeconomic内蕴经济的intrinsically economic矿石ore矿层ore bed矿床ore deposit矿块ore block矿柱ore pillar, ore column矿石品位ore grade富矿体ore shoot, ore course 贫矿poor ore。

第四纪沉积物（层）及代号第四纪沉积物(层)2010-08-07 09:071. ml--人工填土2. pd--植物层3. al--冲击层4. pl--洪积层5. dl--坡积层6. el--残积层7. eol--风积层8. l--湖积层9. h--沼泽沉积层10. m--海相沉积层11. mc--海陆交互相沉积层12. gl--冰积层13. fgl--冰水沉积层14. b--火山堆积层15. col--崩积层16. del--滑坡堆积层17. set--泥石流堆积层18. o--生物堆积19. ch--化学堆积物20. pr--成因不明沉积注：上述每类符号前加Q，并以上标符号的形式显示，表示完整的地层符号由原岩风化产物经各种外力地质作用而成的沉积物，至今其沉积历史不长，所以只能形成未经胶结硬化的沉积物，也就是通常所说的“第四纪沉积物”或“土”。

不同成因类型的第四纪沉积物，各具有一定的分布规律和工程地质特征，以下分别介绍其中主要的几种成因类型。

残积物、坡积物和洪积物残积物（Qel ）（Qel为第四纪地层的成因类型符号）残积物是由岩石风化后，未经搬运而残留于原地的土，而另一部分则被风和降水所带走。

它处于岩石风化壳的上部，是风化壳中的剧风化带，向下则逐渐变为半风化的岩石。

它的分布主要受地形的控制，在宽广的分水岭上，由雨水产生地表径流速度小，风化产物易于保留的地方，残积物就比较厚。

在平缓的山坡上也常有残积物覆盖。

在不同的气候条件下、不同的原岩，将产生不同矿物成份、不同物理力学性质的残积土。

由于风化剥蚀产物是未经搬运的，颗粒不可能被磨圆或分选，没有层理构造。

残积物与基岩之间没有明显的界限，通常经过一个基岩风化层(带)而直接过渡到新鲜岩石。

残积物有时与强风化层很难区分。

一般说来，残积物是由于雨雪水流将细颗粒带走后残留的较粗颗粒的堆积物。

风化层则虽受风化作用的影响，但它是未被剥蚀搬运的基岩风化产物。

残积物中残留碎屑的矿物成分很大程度上与下卧基岩相一致，这是鉴定残积物的主要根据。

沉积构造Section two Sedimentary Structures沉积构造是由沉积物的成分、结构、颜色的不匀一性而表现出的宏观特征。

根据形成时间可划分为原生沉积构造和次生沉积构造(如周口店八角寨燧石结核）。

原生沉积构造是在沉积物沉积时或沉积后不久、以及其固结以前形成，因而是沉积环境的重要判别标志。

§2.1 物理构造（Physical Structures）层面构造[表面痕迹（surface marks）, 底面印痕（bottom imprints）]和层理构造（bedding Structures）1、表面痕迹（Surface marks）——波痕（ripple marks）, 雨痕（raindrop mark）, 细流痕（rill marks）, 泥裂（cracks）(1) 雨痕（Raindrop marks）圆形或椭圆形，在少雨区发育较好。

指示水上环境或半干旱环境，说明沉积物曾经出露水上(暴露标志)。

(2) 泥裂（Cracks）平面上为多边形，剖面上为“V”字形，由泥岩脱水、收缩或干化而成。

指示干旱气候或水上环境(暴露标志) 。

(3) 细流痕（Rill marks）由于细小水流侵蚀沉积物表面所形成的树支状痕迹。

指示水面下降或水上环境。

(4) 其它表面痕迹（The other surface marks）工具痕迹、障碍痕迹、弹跳痕迹等2 底面印痕（Bottom Imprints）底面印痕发育于沉积物（砂层）底部，为表面痕迹的铸型。

(1)槽铸型（Flute imprints）: 平行水流方向的瘤状突起，上游端高而窄，下游端低而宽，可以指示水流方向。

(2)纵向脊和沟铸型（Longitudinal furrows and ridge imprints）：相间排列的沟和脊，平行水流方向，但不能指示上、下游方向。

(3)沟铸型（Furrow imprint）：窄而长的脊，平行水流方向。

Comprehensive terms外力地质作用：exogenic process沉积作用：sedimentation沉积岩：sedimentary rock水成岩：neptunic rock沉积岩石学：sedimentary petrology沉积学：sedimentology水成论：neptunianism均变论：uniformitarianism将故论今：present is the key to past灾变论：catastrophism洪积论：diluvianism火成论：plutonism现实论：actualism岩相相关律：law of correlation of facies横截关系律：law of crosscutting relationships 原始连续律：law of original continuity原始水平律：law of original horizontality叠覆律：law of superposition生物群层序律：law of faunal succession生物群组合律：law of faunal assemblages地球四面体：Earth tetrahedron地幔中间层：mesosphere软流圈：asthenosphere岩石圈：lithosphere大洋型地壳：oceanic crust大陆型地壳：continental crust硅镁层：sima硅铝层：sial花岗岩质层：granitic layer水圈：hydrosphere生物圈：biosphere生态圈：ecosphere大气圈：atmosphere对流层：troposphere平流层：stratosphere臭氧层：ozone layer电离层：ionosphere中间层：mesosphere热层：thermosphere极光：aurora气辉：airglow外层大气：outer atmosphere磁层：magnetosphere 地质作用地质作用：geologic process内营力：endogenic force内动力地质作用：endogenic process内生地质作用：endogenic geologic process 外营力：exogenic force外动力地质作用：exogenic process表生地质作用：exogenic geologic process地外营力：extraterrestrial process风化作用：weathering物理风化：physical weathering热力风化：thermal weathering冻融风化：freeze-thaw weathering寒冻风化：frost weathering寒冻作用：frost action化学风化：chemical weathering生物风化：biological weathering球状风化：spheroidal weathering差异风化：differential weathering风化作用阶段：weathering stage元素迁移系列：sequence of migration of elements风化壳：weathering crust古风化壳：paleocrust of weathering风化壳类型：types of crust of weathering机械风化壳：mechanical residuum碳酸盐风化壳：residuum of carbonate type 高岭土型风化壳：residuum of kaolin type砖红土型风化壳：residuum of laterite type 矿物稳定性：mineral stability剥蚀作用：denudation侵蚀作用：erosion陵夷作用：degradation加积作用：aggradation均夷作用：gradation夷平作用：planation常态侵蚀：normal erosion河流地质作用：fluvial process暂时性水流：temporary torrent片状侵蚀：sheet erosion线状侵蚀：linear erosion向(溯)源侵蚀：retrogressive erosion, headward erosion, headwater erosion下切侵蚀：downcutting侧蚀：lateral erosion地球自转偏向力：deflection force of Earth rotation科里奥利力：Coriolis’ forces搬运作用：transportation搬运介质：transportation medium推移：traction跃移：saltation悬移：suspension transport沉积作用：deposition海蚀作用：marine erosion重力地质作用：gravitational process快体运动：mass movement山崩：landslide塌岸：bank slump雪崩：snow avalanche土屑移动：soil creep崩塌作用：eboulement风蚀作用：wind abrasion吹蚀作用：deflation磨蚀作用：abrasion风积作用：wind deposition岩溶作用：karstification潜蚀作用：underground corrosion中和作用：neutralization脱水作用：dehydration溶解作用：dissolution沉淀作用：precipitation水化作用：hydration氧化作用：oxidation水解作用：hydrolysis还原作用：reduction吸附作用：absorption胶凝作用：flocculation胶结作用：cementation沉积分异作用：sedimentary differentiation 石化作用：lithification成岩作用：diagenesisGeneral terms主要矿物：essential mineral次要矿物：auxiliary mineral副矿物：accessory mineral 重矿物：heavy mineral碎屑矿物：clastic mineral陆源矿物：terrestrial mineral自生矿物：authigenic mineral成岩矿物：diagenetic mineral后生矿物：catagenetic mineral表生矿物：hypergenic mineral原生矿物：primary mineral次生矿物：secondary mineral金属矿物：metallic mineral非金属矿物：nonmetallic mineral 指相矿物：facies mineralSilicate minerals橄榄石：olivine辉石：pyroxene角闪石：amphibole (hornblende) 长石：feldspar斜长石：plagioclase碱性长石：alkali-feldspar正长石：orthoclase (K-feldspar) 微斜长石：microcline云母：mica黑云母：biotite白云母：muscovite绿泥石：chlorite鲕绿泥石：chamosite粘土矿物：clay mineral高岭石：kaolinite艾洛石：halloysite蒙托石：montmorillonite贝得石：beidellite皂石：saponite伊利石：illite沸石：zeolite锆石：zircon石榴石：garnet十字石：staurolite蓝晶石：kyanite绿柱石：beryl电气石：tourmaline黄玉：topazCarbonate minerals文石：aragonite方解石：calcite高镁方解石：high-magnese calcite 白云石：dolomite铁白云石：ferrodolomite菱镁矿：magnesite菱锌矿：smithsonite菱锰矿：rhodochrositeSulphate minerals石膏：gypsum硬石膏：anhydrite重晶石：barite芒硝：mirabilite杂卤石：polyhalite泻利盐：epsomite水绿矾：melanterite胆矾：chalcanthite明矾石：aluniteOxysalt minearals硼砂：borax方硼石：boracite磷灰石：apatite氟磷灰石：fluroapatite独居石：monazite黑钨矿：wolframite钠硝石：soda-nitre钾硝石：potassium nitrateOxide and hydroxide刚玉：corundum赤铁矿：hematite钛铁矿：ilmenite磁铁矿：magnetite铬铁矿：chromite褐铁矿：limonite针铁矿：goethite金红石：rutile锡石：cassiterite软锰矿：pyrolusite晶质铀矿：uranite沥青铀矿：pitchblende石英：quartz 鳞石英：tridymite方石英：cristobalite玉髓：chalcedony蛋白石：opal尖晶石：spinel水锰矿：manganiteSulphides辉铜矿：chalcocite闪锌矿：sphalerite方铅矿：galena辰砂：cinnabar雄黄：realgar雌黄：orpiment辉锑矿：antimonite辉钼矿：molybdenite黄铁矿：pyrite黄铜矿：chalcopyrite毒砂：arsenopyriteHalides萤石：fluorite石盐：halite钾盐：sylvite光卤石：carnalliteSediment textures and structures 碎屑结构：clastic texture碎屑：clast矿物碎屑：mineral fragment 岩石碎屑：rock fragment粒度：grain size粒度等级：grade scale砾状结构：psephitic texture 砾：gravel角砾：angular gravel漂砾：boulder粗砾：cobble卵砾：pebble细砾：granule砂质砾：sandy gravel含砾砂：pebbled sand砂：sand极粗砂：very coarse sand粗砂：coarse sand中砂：medium sand细砂：fine sand极细砂：very find sand泥质砂：muddy sand泥质结构：pelitic texture砂质泥：sandy mud粉砂泥质结构：aleuropelitic texture粉砂：silt粗粉砂：coarse silt细粉砂：fine silt粘土：clay泥：mud粒度分析：grain size analysis正态分布：normal distribution对数正态分布：lognormal distribution单峰分布：unimodal distribution双峰分布：bimodal distribution多峰分布：multimodal distribution直方图：histogram频率曲线：frequency curve频率累积曲线：cumulative frequency curve 概率累积曲线：cumulative probability curve 粒度参数：grain size parameter平均粒度：mean grain size中值粒度：median grain size均值：mean标准差：standard deviation偏度：skewness尖度：kurtosis离散图：scatter plotCM图： CM plot碎屑形态：shape of clast圆度：roundness棱角状：angular次棱角状：sub-angular次圆状：sub-rounded圆状：rounded球度：sphericity形状：shapes扁球状：oblate等轴状：equant叶片状：bladed长椭球状：prolate 表面结构：surface textures磨光面：polish surface沙漠漆：desert varnish霜面：frosted surface微起伏：micro-relief擦痕：striation钉头擦痕：nailhead striation击痕：percussion scar新月形击痕：crescent-shaped crack凹坑：indentation麻面：pitted surface填隙物：interstitial materials胶结物：cement钙质胶结物：calcareous cement硅质胶结物：siliceous cement铁质胶结物：ferruginous cement泥质胶结物：mudeous cement胶状结构：amorphous texture隐晶结构：aphanitic显晶较高：phaneritic texture嵌晶结构：mosaic texture次生加大：secondary overgrowth texture 火山碎屑：pyroclast岩屑：rock fragment火山弹：volcanic bomb浮岩屑：pumice火山渣：scoria碳酸盐颗粒：carbonate grain内碎屑：intraclast砾屑结构：calciruditic texture砂屑结构：calcarenitic texture粉屑结构：calcisiltic texture泥屑结构：calcilutic texture生物碎屑：bioclast骨粒：framework grain团粒：pellet球粒：peloid团块：lump包粒：coated grain豆粒：pisoid鲕粒：ooid交代结构：replacement texture溶洞：solution cavity肾状结构：kidney-shaped texture棒状结构：rod-like texture纤维状结构：fibrous texture针状结构：acicular texture鳞片状结构：scaly texture变晶结构：crystalloblastic texture砾石组构：gravel fabric砂组构：sand fabric等向组构：isotropic fabric异向组构：anisotropic fabric冰碛组构：till fabric颗粒定向：grain orientation孔隙度：porosity渗透率：permeability水平层理：horizontal bedding互层层理：interlayered bedding平行层理：parallel bedding交错层理：cross bedding板状交错层理：tabular cross bedding楔状交错层理：wedge-shaped cross bedding 波状层理：wavy bedding透镜状层理：lenticular bedding叶状层理：lobate bedding波痕：ripple mark结核：concretion同生结核：contemporaneous concretion后生结核：catagenetic concretion表生结核：epigenetic concretion钙质结核：calcareous concretion钙结核：doll concretion鳞片构造：scaly structure毡状构造：felty structure格子状构造：lattice structure斑杂构造：mottled structure泉华构造：sinter structure斑点构造：spotted structure皱纹构造：wrinkle structure多孔构造：porous structure蜂窝构造：honey comb structure竹叶构造：edgewise structure叠瓦构造：imbricate structure砾岩：conglomerate粗碎屑岩：macroclastic rock卵石砾岩：pebble conglomerate漂砾砾岩：boulder conglomerate 卵石砾岩：pebble conglomerate粗砾岩：coarse conglomerate中粒砾岩：medium conglomerate细砾岩：fine conglomerate石英质砾岩：quartzitic conglomerate碎屑砾岩：clastic conglomerate残积角砾岩：eluvial breccia岩溶角砾岩：karst breccia构造角砾岩：tectonic breccia底砾岩：basal conglomerate层间砾岩：interformational conglomerate 同生砾岩：contemporaneous conglomerate 后生砾岩：catagenetic conglomerate成岩砾岩：diagenetic conglomerate粗粉砂岩：coarse siltstone细粉砂岩：fine siltstone泥质粉砂岩：muddy siltstone风成岩：aeolian rock细碎屑岩：microclastic rock泥岩：mudstone砂质泥岩：sandy mudstone粉砂质泥岩：silty mudstone粘土岩：claystone高岭石粘土岩：kaolinic claystone伊利石粘土岩：illitic claystone蒙脱石粘土岩：montmorillonitic claystone 钙质页岩：calcareous shale铁质页岩：ferruginous shale页岩：shale硅质页岩：siliceous shale炭质页岩：carbonaceous shale黑色页岩：black shale沥青页岩：naphtholith油页岩：oil shale砂页岩：sandshale泥板岩：argillite火山碎屑沿：pyroclastic rock熔结集块岩：welded agglomerate集块岩：agglomerate凝灰质巨砾岩：tuffaceous boulder火山角砾岩：volcanic breccia凝灰质砾岩：tuffaceous conglomerate凝灰质砂岩：tuffaceous sandstone凝灰质粉砂岩：tuffaceous siltstone玻屑凝灰岩：vitric tuff晶屑凝灰岩：crystal tuff岩屑凝灰岩：lithic tuff蚀变凝灰岩：altered tuff硅化凝灰岩：silicified tuff石灰岩：limestone云灰岩：dolomitic limestone泥灰岩：marl颗粒岩：grainstone重结晶岩：recrystalline limestone微晶灰岩：micritic limestone碎屑灰岩：calcirudite砂屑灰岩：calcarenite粉屑灰岩：calcisiltite泥屑灰岩：calcilutlite生物碎屑灰岩：bioclast limestone介壳灰岩：coquina鲕粒灰岩：oolitic limestone团粒灰岩：lump limestone球粒灰岩：pelletal limestone钙华：tufa钙结岩：calliche白云岩：dolomitite/dolostone灰云岩：lime dolostone泥云岩：muddy dolostone微晶白云岩：dolomicrite结晶白云岩：crystalline dolomite砾屑白云岩：dolorudite砂屑白云岩：dolarenite粉屑白云岩：dolarenite泥屑白云岩：dololutlite交代白云岩：replacement dolostone 硅藻土：diatomite燧石岩：chert硅土：siliceous earth硅质结核：siliceous concretion碳酸盐质硅华：silica carbonate sinter 蒸发岩：evaporite石膏岩：gypsolith硬石膏岩：anhydrock石盐岩：saline rock红土型铝土岩：lateritic bauxitic rock 鲕粒铝土岩：oolitic bauxitic rock磁铁岩：magnetitic rock 赤铁岩：hematitic rock硅铁岩：siliceous iron rock褐铁岩：limonite rock菱铁岩：sederitic rock硫铁岩：pyritic rock复理石：flych磨拉石：molasse混杂岩：melenge滑来石：olistholith红层：red bed风成岩：eolianite热泉胶结物：hydrothermally cemental rock 混杂沉积物：chaotic sediment混积岩：diamictite风化作用：热力风化：thermal weathering冻融风化：freeze-thaw weathering寒冻风化：frost weathering机械风化：mechanical weathering崩解作用：dessintegration重力地质作用：gravitational process红土化作用：laterization破碎阶段：broken stage饱和硅铝阶段：saturated sialic stage酸性硅铝阶段：acid sialic stage硅铁土阶段：allitized stage红土阶段：laterized stage氧化带：oxidative zone水解带：hydrolysis zone淋滤带：leaching zone水合带：hydrated zone碎屑物质：clast不溶残积物：nonsoluble residue溶解物质：dissolved material风化分异：weathering differentiation风化壳：weathering crust / residue差异风化：differential weathering球状风化：spheroidal weathering内源侵蚀：backward erosion边坡侵蚀：side-slope erosion侧向侵蚀：lateral erosion垂向侵蚀：vertical erosion下切侵蚀：dowcutting erosoion裁湾取直：cut-off掘蚀/刨蚀作用：pluck剥蚀作用：denudation冰蚀作用：glacial erosion风蚀作用：aeolian erosion海蚀作作用：marine abrasion陵夷作用：degradation夷平作用：planation面状侵蚀：sheet erosion风海流：wind current密度流：density flow紊流：turbulent flow/ tortous层流：laminar flow急流：torrential current搬运能力：transport capacity搬运方式：mode of transportation牵引载荷：traction load推移载荷：solid load溶解载荷：dissolved load沙床载荷：bed load悬浮载荷：suspended load沉积间断：hiatus卸载：unloading沉积速率：rate of deposition溶解度：solubility成岩作用方式压溶作用：pressure solution压实作用：compaction水化作用：hydration水解作用：hydrolysis方解石化作用：calcitization固结作用：consolidation硅化作用：silicification还原作用：reduction氧化作用：oxidation降解作用：degradation胶结作用：cementation交代作用：metasomatism/replacement 离子交换作用：ion exchange离子吸附作用：ion absorption淋滤作用：illuviation重结晶作用：recrystallization白云石化：dolomitization 构造稳定区：tectonic quiet region 构造活动带：tectonic mobile belt 陆源沉积物：terrestrial sediment 盐度：salinity盐度跃层：helocline化跃层：chemocline陆相：terrestrial facies海相：marine facies相变：facies change沉积相：sedimentary facies岩相：lithofacies相序列：facies sequence相组合：facies association相模式：facies model相区：facies province过渡相：transitional facies残积带：eluvial zone坡积带：deluvial zone残积相：eluvial facies坡积相：deluvial facies戈壁：gobi砾漠：serir石漠：stony desert沙漠：desert沙丘：dune新月型沙丘：barchan抛物线沙丘：parabolic dune固定沙丘：fixed dune半固定沙丘：semi-fixed dune移动沙丘：wandering fune沙漠湖泊：desert lake干盐湖：playa戈壁相：gobi facies沙漠相：desert facies风棱石：ventifact侧积相：side moraine facies中碛相：medial moraine facies底积相：bottom moraine facies终积相：end moraine facies前积相：front moraine facies河床：stream bed河道：stream channel边滩：point bar心滩：river island河漫滩：flood plain决口扇：crevasse splay河漫沼泽：backswamp洪积平原：flood plain废弃河道：abandoned channel牛轭湖：ox-bow lake冲积扇：alluvial fan冲积裙：alluvial apron冲积相：alluvial facies河道充填相：channel-fill facies堤岸相：levee facies河漫沼泽相：backswamp facies湖泊相：lacustrine facies浅湖相：shallow lake facies深湖相：deep lake facies盐湖相：playa facies滨湖相：coastal lake facies安山岩：andesite埃洛石：halloysite白云母：muscovite白云石：dolomite白云石化作用：dolomitization白云岩：dolostone,dolomitite白垩：chalk斑岩：porphyry斑杂构造：mottled structure搬运介质：medium of transportation搬运作用：transportation搬运能力：transportation capacity搬运营力：transport agent板块：plate板块边缘：plate margin板块俯冲：plate subduction板块构造理论：theory of plate tectonics板块碰撞：plate collision板块边界：plate boundary板岩：slate板状交错层理：tabular cross bedding, planar cross bedding半岛：peninsula半干旱气候：semi-arid climate半固定沙丘：semifixed dune, semi-mobile dune半深海沉积物：bathyal sediment包裹体：inclusion, enclosure包卷层理：convolute bedding包粒：coated grain剥蚀作用：denudation薄层：flag薄层砂岩：flagstone饱和带：saturated zone饱和面：saturated surface饱和硅铝阶段：saturated sialic stage鲍马层序：Bouma sequence爆发角砾岩：explosion breccia爆发岩筒：explosive pipe背斜：anticline被袭夺河：abstracted river, captured river 被子植物：angiosperm崩解作用：disintegration崩塌角砾岩：collapse breccia笔石类：graptolite边坡侵蚀：side-slope erosion边滩：point bar deposit边滩沉积：point bar deposit边滩相：point bar facies边缘盆地：marginal basin边缘台地：marginal platform扁豆状凝灰岩：lenticulite扁球状：oblate变晶结构：crystalloblastic texture变晶鲕：crysialized ooid变盐度环境：euryhaline environment变质程度：metamorphic grade变质带：metamorphic belt变质年龄：metamorphic age变质相：metamorphic facies变质岩：metamorphic rock变质作用：metamorphism标本：specimen标志层：indicator horizon, index bed标准化石：index fossil标准剖面：standard section表观年龄：apparent age表成沉积物：exogenetic sediments表面蒸发作用：surface evaporation表皮构造：epigenetic structure表生成岩环境：epidiagenetic environment 表生成岩作用：epidiagenesis表生结核：epigenetic concretion表生矿物：hypergene mineral表生作用：epigenesis表土：regolith表碛：superglacial moraine滨海：littoral area滨海带：littoral zone滨海相：littoral facies滨海盐沼：marine salina滨后沉积：backshore deposit滨后沼泽沉积：backswamp deposit滨湖区：coastal lake area滨湖相：coastal lake facies。

汉英水文气象地质词汇板块plate (英汉常用地质学词汇)伴生矿物accompying mineral (北东北north northeast北北东north northeast北北西north northeast北偏东north by east北偏西north by west北西北north northeast北极Northh Pole北极光Northern Lights北极星North Star贝壳shell贝壳壮conchoidal (英汉常用地质学词汇)变形交错层理deformed cross-bedding (英汉常用地质学词汇)标准贯入试验孔standard penetration test hole表土topsoil (广东省勘察设计院)不均匀沉陷differential settlement (英汉常用地质学词汇)不透水层confining stratum (英汉常用地质学词汇)不液化土层理bedding场地类别场地土沉积层sedimentary strata(广东省勘察设计院)成因类型genetic type持力层冲积土alluvium (英汉常用地质学词汇)错位构造dislocation structure (英汉常用地质学词汇)大沽高程Dagu altitude等高线contour line (英汉常用地质学词汇)等高线图contour map (英汉常用地质学词汇)等温层homothermy等效剪切波速值地表浅层潜水surface shallow layer地层stratum (英汉土木工程辞海)地层年代地基土foundation soil地形图topographic map (英汉土木工程辞海)地势terrain; geographical features (英汉土木工程辞海)√地质年代geologic time （美国传统词典）(英汉常用地质学词汇)√地质地层geological stratigraphy (欧洲标准)第四纪沉积Quaternary deposit (英汉汉英土木工程词汇)第四纪沉积、洪积层quaternary alluvial-proluvial layer (南海石化项目招标书) 第四系quaternary; quaternary system (汉英地质大词典)第四系松散堆积层quaternary system第I相浅海相沉积层顶板apical plate；hanger；hanging layer；hat；stegidium；top layer；upper plate (汉英地质大词典)顶板标高顶板高度roof elevation?东北偏北northeast by north东北方向northeastward东东北ENE = east northeast东东南ESE = east southeast东南偏东southeast by east东南偏南east by north东偏北east by north东偏南east by south冻胀性土swelling soil断层fault堆积层分级荷重压缩模量粉砂silty sand (广东省勘察设计院)；silt (汉英常用地质词汇)√粉砂壤土silty soils (欧洲标准)粉砂粘土silty clay (广东省勘察设计院)粉土silt (汉英建筑大词典); silty soil (汉英建筑大词典)粉土层silt stratum (英汉汉英电力工程技术词典)√粉质粘土silty clay (汉英建筑工程词典) (英汉道路工程词汇)(南海石化项目招标书)粉油砂powdery kir风成的,风积的eolian风化wearing风蚀eolation盖层covering strata (英汉常用地质学词汇)高程系数elevation factor (英汉常用地质学词汇)工程地质层工程地质亚层engineering geology(汉英建筑工程词典)河漫滩alluvial flat (英汉汉英土木工程词汇)海漫滩相沉积层海相沉积marine deposit (广东省勘察设计院)海相沉积层marine deposit layer (广东省勘察设计院)寒带frigid zone鉴别孔discrimination hole汉白玉white marble厚度加权平均值灰质粘土adobe (英汉常用地质学词汇)滑动劈理crenulation cleavage (英汉常用地质学词汇)基槽开挖基本地基加速度基准点datum point (英汉土木工程辞海)基准面base level (英汉常用地质学词汇)击数挤压构造带compressed zone (英汉常用地质学词汇)交错层理cross stratification (英汉常用地质学词汇)角砾混合岩agmatite (英汉常用地质学词汇)角砾片麻岩agmatitegnesis ? (英汉常用地质学词汇)接地层年代接力变质（作用）constructive metamorphism (英汉常用地质学词汇)解理cleavage (英汉常用地质学词汇)阶地terrace (英汉常用地质学词汇)界限最大值进尺footage (汉英常用地质词汇)静力触探桩static sounding pile静力触探static sounding, cone penetration静力触探锥尖阻力resistance between static penetrating cores静压预制桩静止水位rest water level勘探点可塑偏软plastic to soft孔口hole top (汉英地质大词典)矿体圈定delineation of ore deposits(英汉常用地质学词汇)流沙drift sand (英汉常用地质学词汇)露头outcrop (英汉常用地质学词汇)煤层coal seam (英汉常用地质学词汇)煤库coal store煤系coal measures(英汉常用地质学词汇)摩阻比friction to resistance ratio南东南south southeast南西南south southwest南偏东south by east南偏西south by west泥炭层peat bed平峒adit (英汉常用地质学词汇)平巷drift (英汉常用地质学词汇)浅海相沉积层shallow marine deposit前寒武纪The Precambrian Era (美国传统词典)浅基础持力层bearing stratum of shallow foundation轻亚粘土light loam坡积物slop wash (广东省勘察设计院)区域地质资料全新统上组第I陆相层河流Holocene(Postglacial) series全新统下组第II陆相沼泽相沉积层全新统中组第I海相扰动地层disturbed strata (英汉常用地质学词汇)扰动土disturbed soil (英汉常用地质学词汇)扰动样disturbed sample上更新统epipleistocene (英汉地质大词典) upper Pleistocene series 上更新统三组第IV陆相河床河漫滩相沉积层上更新统四组第II海相滨海潮汐带相沉积层上更新统五组第III相河床河漫滩相沉积始新世Eoocene epoch试验孔test borehole水成岩hydrotogenous rock松散地层ravelly ground （汉英地质大词典）松散堆积层水平层理horizontal bedding素填土土层soil strata(广东省勘察设计院)土工试验soil test土石屑垫层土样soil sample (广东省勘察设计院)物理力学性质西北偏北northwest by north西北偏西northeast by west西偏北west by north西偏南west southwest西西北west northwest西西南west southwest系system (英汉常用地质学词汇)寒武系Cambrian system (英汉常用地质学词汇)下第三纪eogene (period)下降descending (英汉常用地质学词汇)祥查detailed survey (英汉常用地质学词汇)详细勘探detailed exploration (prospecting) (英汉常用地质学词汇)相互作用coaction (英汉常用地质学词汇)新生代Kainozoic era压缩模量compression modulus压缩性土compressible soil亚层subhorizon; sub-layer (广东省勘察设计院)亚粘土clayey soil亚相subfacies (英汉常用地质学词汇)岩土工程技术规范岩土工程勘察规范岩心core (英汉常用地质学词汇)岩心记录drill record (英汉常用地质学词汇)岩性lithology淤泥质粘土soft clay原位测试in-situ measurement原生水juvenile water; connate water (英汉常用地质学词汇) 圆锥贯入试验cone penetration test (CPT) (广东省勘察设计院)圆锥贯入仪cone penetrometer (英汉土木工程辞海)云母mica早第三纪eogene (period)蒸发量evaporation discharge中等风化岩moderately weathered rock (广东省勘察设计院)中等压缩性土中软场地土株罗纪Jurassic Period柱状构造columnar structure (英汉常用地质学词汇) 柱状节理columnar jointing (英汉常用地质学词汇) 桩端持力层桩基子样钻机drill rig (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻井记录drill log (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻孔borehole; drill hole (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻孔记录borehole records (广东省勘察设计院)钻孔位置borehole location钻孔取样dill hole sampling (英汉常用地质学词汇)钻孔柱状图drill column (英汉常用地质学词汇)drill hole columnar section (英汉常用地质学词汇) 钻探取样试验孔subsurface sample test hole坐标系coordinate system (英汉常用地质学词汇)褐黄土brownish yellow soil。