下载文档原格式
English Composition:In the modern era, software plays an integral role in our daily lives. It is the backbone of the digital world, powering everything from the simplest calculator applications to the most complex artificial intelligence systems. The development of software has revolutionized industries, improved communication, and enhanced our ability to solve problems.The process of creating software is known as software development. It involves several stages, including requirement analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Each stage is crucial to ensure that the final product meets the users needs and is free from bugs and errors. Software developers must possess a deep understanding of programming languages and algorithms to write efficient and effective code.One of the most significant benefits of software is its flexibility. It can be easily updated and customized to meet changing requirements. This adaptability has allowed businesses to stay agile and responsive to market demands. Furthermore, software has democratized access to information and services, making it possible for individuals to perform tasks that were once reserved for specialized professionals.However, the proliferation of software also brings challenges. Cybersecurity is a growing concern as malicious software can compromise sensitive data and systems. Developers must prioritize security in their designs to protect users and their information. Additionally, the rapid pace of technological advancement means that software must be continuously updated to remain relevant and secure.In conclusion, software is an essential component of our digital infrastructure. It has the power to transform industries and improve our lives in countless ways. As we continue to rely on software, it is imperative that we invest in its development, security, and ongoing maintenance.Translation to Chinese:在现代时代，软件在我们的日常生活中扮演着不可或缺的角色。
CISA考试练习(习题卷15)说明：答案和解析在试卷最后第1部分：单项选择题，共100题，每题只有一个正确答案,多选或少选均不得分。
1.[单选题]下面哪一项持续计划测试使用真实资源模拟系统崩溃以证明计划的有效性，同时符合成本效益原则？A)桌面测试B)效果测验C)仿真测试D)穿行测试2.[单选题]一个公司的IS审计章程应该指明：A)IS审计约定书的短期和长期计划B)IS审计约定书的培训目标和范围C)IS审计师的具体培训计划D)IS审计功能的角色3.[单选题]一家组织通过安全的网站在线销售书籍和音乐产品。
每隔一小时都会转移到会计和交付系统进行处理。
以下哪种控制最能保证在安全网站上处理的销售业务能够传输到交付和会计系统？A)在销售系统中每日记录交易的全部信息。
每天都对销售系统的全部信息进行收集和汇总。
B)自动对交易进行数字排序。
对序列进行检查并对连续性中断予以说明。
C)处理系统检查重复的交易号。
如果交易号出现重复（该编号已经存在），将拒绝交易。
D)使用中心时间服务器每隔一小时对系统时间进行一次同步。
给交易加上日期/时间戳。
4.[单选题]如果恢复时间目标(RTO)增加，则会:A)增加容灾能力。
B)增加恢复成本。
C)无法使用冷备援中心。
D)增加数据备份频率。
5.[单选题]授予应用程序数据访问权限的职责属于：A)数据管理员。
B)数据库管理员（DBA)。
C)数据所有者。
D)安全管理员。
6.[单选题]审计涵盖关键业务领域的灾难恢复计划时，IS审计师发现该计划没有包括全部系统。
那么，IS审计师最为恰当的处理方式是：A)推迟审计，直到把全部系统纳入DRPB)知会领导，并评估不包含所有系统所带来的影响C)中止审计D)按照现有的计划所涵盖的系统和范围继续审计，直到全部完成7.[单选题]当因诈骗行为需要辞退某员工时，以下哪一项是信息安全人员应该执行的最重要的行动？A)审查该员工批准的交易。
B)护送该员工离开工作场地。
C)禁用该员工的系统访问权限。
软件资格考试软件评测师(基础知识、应用技术)合卷(中级)复习试题(答案在后面)一、基础知识（客观选择题，75题，每题1分，共75分）1、软件评测师考试中，以下哪项不是软件质量属性？A、功能性B、可靠性C、可维护性D、市场占有率2、在软件测试过程中，以下哪种测试方法最注重测试用例的设计？A、等价类划分法B、边界值分析法C、因果图法D、错误猜测法3、在软件生命周期中，以下哪个阶段不属于软件需求分析阶段？A. 需求获取B. 需求分析C. 需求规格说明D. 需求验证4、软件质量保证（Software Quality Assurance，简称SQA）的目的是什么？A. 确保软件开发过程中遵循既定的标准和方法B. 提高软件产品的可靠性、可维护性和可用性C. 减少软件开发过程中的风险D. 以上都是5、在软件工程中，以下哪个不是软件开发生命周期模型？A. 瀑布模型B. 螺旋模型C. 原型模型D. 精益软件开发模型6、以下关于软件测试的说法，哪一个是错误的？A. 软件测试的目的是发现软件中的错误B. 软件测试应该尽早开始，并贯穿整个软件开发生命周期C. 软件测试通常分为单元测试、集成测试、系统测试和验收测试D. 软件测试应该由独立的测试团队进行，以确保测试的客观性7、在软件生命周期中，以下哪个阶段主要负责软件的需求分析和系统设计？A. 开发阶段B. 需求分析阶段C. 系统设计阶段D. 测试阶段8、软件的可维护性通常包括哪些方面？A. 适应性、可理解性、可测试性、可修改性B. 可用性、可靠性、可移植性、可重用性C. 有效性、安全性、可扩展性、可管理性D. 可靠性、易用性、高性能、高可用性9、在软件生命周期中，需求分析阶段的主要任务是什么？10、下列关于软件测试的说法中，错误的是哪一个？A. 软件测试是软件开发生命周期中的一个独立阶段B. 软件测试的目的是发现软件中的错误C. 软件测试应该由软件设计者和开发者之外的其他人完成D. 软件测试应该贯穿于整个软件开发生命周期11、在软件工程中，以下哪个阶段属于需求分析阶段？A. 系统设计B. 系统规划C. 系统分析D. 系统测试12、以下哪个原则是软件设计中遵循的“最小化”原则？A. 开放封闭原则B. 单一职责原则C. 迪米特法则D. SOLID原则13、在软件工程中，以下哪个不是软件开发生命周期模型的一种？A. 瀑布模型B. 螺旋模型C. 原型模型D. 水晶模型14、软件测试的目的是什么？A. 确保软件满足用户需求B. 识别软件中的错误和缺陷C. 验证软件的质量D. 以上都是15、以下哪项不属于软件评测师应具备的基本素质？（）A. 良好的逻辑思维能力B. 出色的项目管理能力C. 深厚的专业知识储备D. 较强的沟通协调能力16、软件评测过程分为以下几个阶段：需求分析、评测方案设计、评测执行、评测结果分析、评测报告编写。
传智杯软件测试大赛题库英文回答：1. What is the purpose of software testing?Software testing is a process of evaluating the functionality of a software to ensure it meets thespecified requirements and performs as expected.2. What are the different types of software testing?There are several types of software testing, including:Unit testing: Tests individual units of code, such as functions or classes.Integration testing: Tests the interactions between different modules or components of a software system.System testing: Tests the entire software system as awhole.Acceptance testing: Tests the software to ensure it meets the user's requirements.Regression testing: Tests the software after changes have been made to ensure that it continues to work as expected.Performance testing: Tests the software's performance under different conditions, such as load and stress.3. What are the benefits of software testing?Software testing provides several benefits, including:Improved software quality: Testing helps to identify and fix defects, which results in better software quality.Reduced development time and costs: By identifying and fixing defects early in the development process, testing can reduce the time and costs of development.Increased customer satisfaction: Testing helps to ensure that the software meets the user's requirements, which leads to increased customer satisfaction.4. What are the challenges of software testing?Software testing can be challenging due to several factors, including:Time constraints: Testing can be a time-consuming process, especially for large and complex software systems.Cost: Testing can be expensive, especially when it requires specialized tools or resources.Lack of expertise: Software testing requires specialized skills and knowledge, which can be difficult to find and retain.Evolving requirements: Software requirements can change frequently, which can make testing challenging.Test automation: Automating software tests can be complex and challenging, especially for complex software systems.中文回答：1. 软件测试的目的是什么？软件测试是一个评估软件功能的过程，以确保软件满足指定的软件需求，并且能够按预期执行。
一、选择题（每题只有一个选项，将你认为合理的选项填在题前括号内,每小题2分,共16分) （D)1、较实用的软件测试停止标准是（ )。
A、测试超产过了预定时间，则停止测试。
B、根据单位时间内查出故障的数量决定是否停止测试。
C、执行了所有的测试用例,但并没有发现故障，则停止测试。
D、用图表示出某个测试阶段中单位时间检查出的故障数量，通过对图中曲线的分析，确定应继续测试还是停止测试。
( C )2、软件测试的目的是：A、表明软件是正确的B、评价软件质量C、尽可能发现软件中的错误D、判定软件是否合格（A )3、 ( ）不是常见的覆盖率标准.A、函数覆盖B、数据流覆盖C、逻辑覆盖D、功能覆盖( B）4、将基于功能的和基于实现的测试方法结合在一起的动态测试类型，我们称这种测试为( ）。
A、白盒测试B、灰盒测试C、黑盒测试D、基于故障的测试( B ）5、下列不隶属于白盒测试方法的是( ):A、控制流测试B、健壮性测试C、数据流测试D、变异测试（ A )6、项目管理三要素不包括（ )。
A、ProgrammingB、ProcessC、ProblemD、Process（ D）7、下列选项中，不是Mercury公司测试工具的是（）。
A、LoadRunnerB、WinRunnerC、TestDirectorD、Rebot （A ）8、下面（）方法能够有效地检测输入条件的各种组合可能引起的错误。
A、因果图B、等价类划分C、边界值分析D、错误推测( D）1、通常，（ )是在编码阶段进行的测试，它是整个测试工作的基础。
A、系统测试B、确认测试C、集成测试D、单元测试（A )2、据权威部门统计，软件错误产生的原因分布图表中，如下( ）选项是导致软件错误的主要原因：A、软件需求规格说明错误B、设计错误C、编码错误D、测试错误( C）3、软件测试充分性理论是由（ )最先提出的。
A、Deutsch和WillisB、McCall et al.C、Goodenough和GerhartD、Evansh和Marciniak( C）4、软件测试风险管理包含（)和风险控制两方面内容。
AgendaMeeting Agenda1. In any business organization, there are various conferences, such as the annual general meeting, meetings of board of directors and a variety of committee meeting. The secretary of any organization must arrange the time and place for the meeting to be held, and in doing so, should usually ensure at least the majority of those entitled to attend could so. There preliminary arrangements are usually made by means of circulation a draft of agenda, which is the list of matters to be considered.（Definition: A business meeting agenda is a plan for a business meeting. It includes elements such as the time, place, and title of the meeting, people who attend the meeting, and the order of the events to occur in the meeting.）2. Creating an effective agenda is one of the most important elements for a productive meeting. Here are some reasons why the meeting agenda is so important.The Agenda communicates important information such as:(1)topics for discussion(2)presenter or discussion leader for each topic(3)time allotment(时间分配) for each topic(4)provides an outline（纲要）for the meeting (how long to spend on which topics)(5)can be used as a checklist（清单）to ensure that all information is covered(6)lets participants know what will be discussed if it's distributed（分散式的）before the meeting.This gives them an opportunity to come to the meetingprepared for the upcoming discussions or decisions.(7)provides a focus for the meeting (the objective of the meeting must be clearly stated in theagenda).3. The structure of a meeting agendaHead(1) Organization name(2) Name of the sponsor(3) Time of the meeting(4) Title of the meeting(5) Place of the meetingBody(6) People who will attend the meeting(7) Events in time sequence:Event 1.Event 2.……….Event N.(When possible, use actionable words such as approve, discuss, adopt, announce to let participants know what is expected of them.)Common sense:The typical large conference agenda include the following: Call to order 宣布会议开始Roll Call 点名Announcement of Quorum 宣布会议法定人数Reading of Minutes from the Previous Meeting 宣读上次会议记录Approval of Minutes from the previous Meeting 通过上次会议记录Chai rperson’s Report 会议主席发言Subcommittee Report 与会者发言Unfinished Business 讨论未完成事物New Business 讨论新的事物Announcement of the Date for next Meeting 宣布下次会议的日期Adjournment 宣布会议结束SENTENCE：(1)Confirmation of the minutes of the [third] Meeting held on [date] of [month][year] at [venue](2) Matters arising from last meeting (if any)（前议事项）（如有）(3) To discuss the possibility of____________________ （指态度开放的讨论）(4) To consider the quotation received from ____________________ （指审议可能成事的项目）(5)To review the current subscription of____________________ （指对已发生事項的检讨）(6)To decide on a future campaign for ____________________ （决定）(7) To report on the progress of ____________________（通常指大会主席向与会者报告）(8) To rectify an action taken by____________________ （追认）(9) To resolve on / select a launch date for____________________（决议）(10) Any other business.(11) To decide a date for the next meeting4.We should pay attention to something when we make the agenda:(1) Always put the title, date, time, and venue (place).(2)Lager meetings and committee meeting may also includethe following:a) Apologies for absence;b) Matters arising from last meeting;c) Correspondence;d) Date of next meeting.(3) A.O.B (means any other business). This is for other relevant issues that are not included in the agenda.Sample1AgendaUSFA Board of DirectorsSeptember 29, 2001Colorado Springs, COThe board of Directors meeting is divided into three major phases:Information: Minutes of the previous meeting; officer, director and committee; and general announcements.Budget: Approval or disapproval of the budget, requests for major changes in it including staff or executive actions that may involve budget changes.Decision: Motions before the Board (excluding those directly related to the budget) are divided into three categories.URGENT: Motions that have not had a First Herring but must be acted upon by theBoard for time or other considerations.SECOND HEARING: Motions that have had First Hearing at the previous Boardmeeting. Second hearing motions must be voted upon as presented, with only minorchanges permitted (if a motion requires major changes or fails completely, it must berepresented as a First Hearing Motion at a subsequent Board meeting).FIRST HEARING: Motions that are new to the Board, but for which decisions arenot Urgent category; instead, it is automatically placed in the Second HearingCategory at the next meeting unless the sponsor withdraws it.Every motion must have an individual sponsor identified in the agenda and in attendance at the meeting. The sponsor presents the motion, answers question, takes notes on suggested changes, and shepherds the motion if it is referred to committee. Committees that are presenting motions must assign a member to fulfill this duty.Sampe2LegCo Panel on Information Technology and Broadcasting Meeting onTuesday 10, October, at 12:30 p.m.In the Chamber of the Legislative Council BuildingAgendaⅠ.Election of chairman and Deputy ChairmanⅡ.Schedule of meeting for the 2000-2001 sessionⅢ.Discussion items for next meetingList of issues to be consideredList of follow-up actionsⅣ.Any other business (A.O.B)Legislative Council Secretariat7 October 2000。
会议管理制度英文翻译1. IntroductionThe purpose of this Conference Management System is to provide a comprehensive and organized framework for planning, organizing, and executing conferences within our organization. This system aims to streamline the conference management process, improve efficiency, and ensure that all conference activities are carried out in a systematic and professional manner.2. ScopeThis system applies to all conferences organized and hosted by our organization. It covers the entire conference management process, including planning, budgeting, venue selection, participant registration, program development, logistics coordination, and post-conference evaluation.3. Key Components3.1 PlanningThe first step in conference management is the planning phase. This involves defining the conference objectives, identifying the target audience, establishing a budget, and creating a timeline for the conference. Key tasks during the planning phase include selecting a conference theme, determining the conference format (e.g., in-person, virtual, or hybrid), and establishing a planning committee.3.2 BudgetingEffective budgeting is critical for the success of any conference. The budgeting component of the Conference Management System involves creating a detailed budget that outlines all expected expenses and potential revenue sources. This includes costs for venue rental, catering, technical equipment, marketing and promotion, speaker fees, and participant registration fees.3.3 Venue SelectionSelecting an appropriate venue is crucial for the success of a conference. The venue should be suitable for the size and format of the conference, provide the necessary facilities and amenities, and be conveniently located for participants. The venue selection process should consider factors such as cost, accessibility, capacity, and technical capabilities.3.4 Participant RegistrationParticipant registration is a key aspect of conference management. This component involves creating an online registration system, managing participant registrations, processing payments, and providing information and support to registered participants. Theregistration process should be user-friendly and secure, and it should allow for efficient communication with participants.3.5 Program DevelopmentThe development of a comprehensive and engaging conference program is essential for attracting and retaining participants. This component involves designing the conference agenda, selecting and inviting speakers and presenters, organizing panel discussions and workshops, and creating networking opportunities. The program should be well-balanced and offer value to participants.3.6 Logistics CoordinationLogistics coordination is crucial for ensuring that all conference activities run smoothly. This component involves coordinating travel and accommodation arrangements for speakers and participants, arranging for technical equipment and support, managing on-site logistics such as registration, catering, and signage, and providing support for any special requirements or accommodations.3.7 Post-Conference EvaluationAfter the conference has concluded, it is important to conduct a thorough evaluation to assess its success and identify areas for improvement. This component involves gathering feedback from participants and stakeholders, analyzing key performance indicators, and documenting lessons learned. The evaluation findings should be used to inform future conference planning and decision-making.4. Roles and ResponsibilitiesEffective conference management requires clear roles and responsibilities. The following key roles are involved in the Conference Management System:- Conference Chair: The individual responsible for overall conference oversight and leadership.- Planning Committee: A team of individuals responsible for planning and coordinating the conference activities.- Finance Manager: The individual responsible for budgeting, financial management, and sponsorships.- Venue Coordinator: The individual responsible for identifying and securing a suitable conference venue.- Registration Manager: The individual responsible for managing participant registrations and communications.- Program Committee: A team of individuals responsible for developing the conference program and content.- Logistics Coordinator: The individual responsible for managing all logistical aspects of the conference.- Evaluation Team: A team of individuals responsible for conducting post-conference evaluation and analysis.5. Policies and ProceduresThe successful implementation of the Conference Management System relies on clear policies and procedures that guide conference planning and execution. Key policies and procedures include:- Conference Planning Policy: This policy outlines the process for initiating and planning conferences within the organization, including the approval process, budgeting requirements, and timeline considerations.- Venue Selection Procedure: This procedure defines the steps for identifying, evaluating, and selecting conference venues, as well as the criteria for venue suitability and contract negotiations.- Participant Registration Policy: This policy outlines the requirements and guidelines for participant registration, including registration fees, refund policies, and data privacy considerations.- Speaker and Presenter Guidelines: This document provides guidelines for selecting, inviting, and managing speakers and presenters, as well as expectations for content and presentation quality.- Post-Conference Evaluation Procedure: This procedure outlines the process for conducting post-conference evaluation, including data collection methods, analysis tools, and reporting requirements.6. Technology and ToolsTechnology plays a critical role in modern conference management. The Conference Management System leverages various technology tools and platforms to support conference activities, including:- Conference Management Software: A comprehensive software solution for managing conference planning, registration, program development, and logistics coordination.- Online Registration System: A user-friendly and secure platform for managing participant registrations, payments, and communications.- Event Management Tools: Tools for managing venue logistics, catering, audio-visual equipment, and other conference requirements.- Communication Platforms: Email, social media, and other communication channels for reaching out to potential participants, speakers, sponsors, and stakeholders.- Evaluation and Analysis Software: Tools for collecting and analyzing post-conference evaluation data and generating reports.7. Training and SupportEffective implementation of the Conference Management System requires training and support for key stakeholders. This includes:- Orientation and Training: Training sessions for conference chairs, planning committee members, and other key roles to familiarize them with the Conference Management System and its components.- User Guides and Documentation: Comprehensive user guides, manuals, and documentation to support conference planning, budgeting, registration, program development, and logistics coordination.- Technical Support: Access to technical support resources to assist with the use of conference management software, online registration systems, and other technology tools.8. Continuous ImprovementContinuous improvement is a fundamental aspect of the Conference Management System. Regular evaluation and feedback are used to identify opportunities for improvement, refine processes, and enhance the overall conference management experience.- Feedback Mechanisms: Surveys, feedback forms, and other mechanisms for collecting input from participants, speakers, sponsors, and other stakeholders.- Lessons Learned: Documenting and sharing lessons learned from each conference to inform future planning and decision-making.- Process Review: Regular review of conference management processes and procedures to identify areas for streamlining and optimization.Conclusively, the Conference Management System is an essential framework for organizing successful conferences within our organization. By implementing this system, we aim to enhance the quality, efficiency, and professionalism of our conference activities, ultimately delivering value to all conference stakeholders.。
Software engineering is a field that combines the principles of computer science and engineering to design,develop,and maintain software systems.Here are some key aspects of software engineering that can be discussed in an essay:1.Introduction to Software Engineering:Begin by defining software engineering and explaining its importance in the modern world.Discuss how it has evolved over the years and its role in various industries.2.Software Development Life Cycle SDLC:Describe the various stages of the SDLC, including requirements gathering,design,implementation,testing,deployment,and maintenance.Explain the significance of each stage in ensuring the quality and functionality of the software.3.Agile Methodologies:Discuss the Agile approach to software development,which emphasizes flexibility,collaboration,and customer satisfaction.Explain how Agile methodologies differ from traditional waterfall approaches and the benefits they offer.4.Requirements Engineering:Elaborate on the process of gathering and documenting the requirements for a software project.Discuss the importance of understanding user needs and how requirements can change throughout the development process.5.Software Design:Describe the different types of software design,such as architectural design,detailed design,and user interface design.Explain the role of design in shaping the functionality and usability of the software.6.Programming Languages and Tools:Discuss the various programming languages used in software development,such as Java,Python,and C.Also,mention the tools and frameworks that aid in the development process,such as IDEs,version control systems, and testing tools.7.Testing and Quality Assurance:Explain the importance of testing in the software development process.Discuss different types of testing,such as unit testing,integration testing,and system testing,and their roles in ensuring software quality.8.Software Maintenance:Describe the ongoing process of software maintenance,which includes fixing bugs,updating software to meet new requirements,and improving performance.Discuss the challenges and strategies associated with maintaining software over time.9.Ethical Considerations in Software Engineering:Discuss the ethical responsibilities ofsoftware engineers,such as ensuring privacy,security,and fairness in software design and development.10.Future of Software Engineering:Conclude by speculating on the future trends in software engineering,such as artificial intelligence,machine learning,and the Internet of Things,and how they might shape the field in the coming years.Remember to use clear and concise language,provide examples where appropriate,and ensure that your essay flows logically from one point to the next.。
