基础口译Economy

中级口译常用经济类词汇APEC, ASEAN, EU, EC (EEC), G8EURO, RMB, YEN, POUND, DOLLARUN, WHO, IMF, PLO, FBI, VOA, CIA , NSA, CCCP, DMZ, PLA, QFII, PBOC,CEPA NATO, NASA, UNESCO, OPEC, NAFTA, SAFEassociate company (subsidiary / affiliate) 联营公司（子公司、附属公司）aggregate demand 总需求aggregate supply总供给advanced technology 先进技术active balance (passive balance/ unfavorable balance) 顺差(逆差)acquire 购置、获取，购买，取得所有权acquisition of assets 购置资产absolute advantage 绝对优势（一国或一国的一部分由于拥有原材料、动力、劳动力等自然资源，因而能较廉价地生产某一产品，因此拥有胜过其他国家或地区的优势。

）authorization bill授权书asset资产Boao Forum for Asia 博鳌亚洲论坛bottom line 账本底线, 底线banking 银行业black market 黑市budget 预算budget deficit预算赤字budget surplus预算盈余bureaucracy 官僚作风, 官僚机构business cycle 商业周期business mechanism 创业机制business prototype商业原型、商业模型brand loyalty对某个牌子的忠诚度business fraud (accounting fraud) 商业欺诈(做假帐)bull/bear market 牛市/ 熊市cutting edge (have an edge on) 优势（比…有优势）cash bonuses 现金奖励commercial 商业广告commodity商品convertible currency可兑换的货币corporate / entrepreneurial culture 企业文化capital资本, 资金, 资产checks and balances政府机关彼此之间、公司内部各部门的相互制约和平衡civil rights/civil liberties公民权利、自由commerce clause商业条款common law习惯法comparative advantage 相对优势competition竞争confederation联邦contract 合同cost 成本dealer/ jobber/ broker 经销商/经纪人depreciation / appreciation 贬值/增值deflation / inflation通货紧缩/ 通货膨胀designer clothing/jeans / sneakers 名牌服装/牛仔裤/运动鞋demand 需求strong demand需求强劲weak demand需求疲软insufficient demand需求不足effective demand 有效需求demand curve需求曲线democracy民主depression 萧条，经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业discount rate 贴现率discount market贴现市场double / triple / quadruple…两倍/三倍/四倍（翻两翻）economic growth经济增长economics经济学economical节约的, 经济的efficiency 效率，功效elasticity 弹性、可塑性、灵活度elite 精英entrepreneur, entrepreneurship 企业家，企业equities [英][pl. ](无固定利息的)股票, 证券electronic dealing 电子交易employment 就业employment rate就业率employment insurance (EI, 旧称UI--unemployment insurance) 失业保险interest rate(s)利率infrastructure基础设施inflation通货膨胀fiscal year 财政年度foreign-invested venture 外资企业foreign-capital enterprise外资企业fund / capital / venture capital 资金, 资本/ 风险资金federal reserve system (美国)联邦备银行制度federation 联邦fiscal policy财政政策, 财务方针free trade 自由贸易future market 期货市场go public 上市go under 倒闭gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值hedge (against) 保护或防御手段, 尤指防止经济损失a hedge against inflation. 防止通货膨胀的措施hands-off management 疏松管理high return 高收益，高回报human capital人力资本，技能资本hyperinflation恶性通货膨胀investment fever 投资热investment policy投资政策investment destination投资地点infrastructure基础设施immediate yield直接回报ideology意识形态incentive 动力interest group 利益集团(指因共同利益而结合在一起的一批人) joint venture 合资企业labor 劳动力law of demand 需求定律law of supply供给定律legitimacy合理性、合法性limited liability corporation 有限公司listed companies 上市公司liquidity 变现能力market intelligence 市场情报、市场调查market share市场占有率market economy 市场经济managerial expertise管理知识mass production批量生产mechanism 机制merger合并monopoly垄断macroeconomics宏观经济学merit 价值microeconomics微观经济学monetary policy 货币政策mortgage 按揭make ends meet 收支平衡national debt 国债oligarchy寡头政治, 寡头政治的执政团opportunity cost 机会成本optimize (maximize / minimize) 优化/ 最大化/ 最小化paragon 模范patent 专利political economy 政治经济pork-barrel legislation猪肉桶立法，又称“分肥立法、分肥拨款pork-barrel appropriations”指立法机关为讨好选民而促使政府向议员所属地方选区拨发的经费。

o中级口译资o中级口译资料精选一、经济类市场经济market economy二、计划经济 planned economy商品经济commodity[kəˈmɔditi]（商品） economy经济转轨economic transformation（转变）经济实力economic strength管理不善poor management经营机制operative mechanism第一产业primary industry第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry生产力productive force生产资料means of production生活资料means of livelihood生产关系relation of production提高效率to raise/increase/promote/improve efficiency提高生产率to raise / increase productivity提高经济效益to improve economic results提高产品质量to raise the quality of products国民生产总值gross national product(GNP)收入和支出revenues and expenditures增进效益to increase economic returns加快改革accelerate / speed up the reform全面深化改革deepen reform all round注入改革活力inject v****r into reform宏观经济调控macro-economic control and adjust促进社会主义经济的全面高涨to bring about an all-round up surge of the socialist economy全面责任制over all responsibility system董事会board of directors搞活企业invigorate enterprises乡镇企业township enterprises国有企业state – owned enterprises合资企业joint ventures外资企业enterprise with foreign capital / foreign – funded enterprise合作企业cooperative enterprise独资企业wholly foreign owned / funded enterprise私人企业private/individual funded ventures个体经济private / individual economy私营经济private-sector economy试点企业pilot enterprise自主经营autonomy in operation集中管理centralized management享有管理自主权enjoy autonomy in management清理企业之间的三角债straighten out debt among enterprises / clear the debt defaults Of enterprises通过多种渠道集资the pooling of funds through multi- channels废除现行管理机制abolish the existing administrative mechanism解放生产力emancipate / liberate productivity振兴国家经济in vigorate our state economy加快现代化步伐quicken the modernization drive跨国公司transnational corporation/multinational corporation企业自主权the decision –making power of enterprises中外合资经营企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作经营企业Sino –foreign cooperative enterprise欧洲经济合作委员会Committee for European Economic Cooperation有限责任公司limited liability company改革产业结构reform the structure of industries发展骨干产业develop the pillar / key industries实行股份制introduce the shareholding system优化结构to optimize the structure of production优化组合optimization经济制裁economic sanctions扭亏为盈to reduce losses and increase profits企业亏损loss incurred in an enterprise亏损企业loss-making enterprises搞活企业enliven enterprises弥补亏损make up a deficit/make up for a loss incurred in an enterprise降低成本to lower costs积累资金to accumulate capital funds国有资产state assets国有资产流失to give state assets away ( to ...)无形资产intangible assets固定资产fixed assets固定资产投资fixed-assets investment资产评估to make an apprai sal one‘s assets注册资本registered capital外汇平衡balance of foreign exchange利润分配distribution of profits产权转让property- rights transfer公平竞争fair competition激烈竞争keen competition引进竞争机制introduce a competitive mechanism风险资金risk funds房地产real estate土地租赁land lease基础设施in frastructure facilities劣质工程(豆腐渣工程) shoddy construction利用外资utilization of foreign investment三、投资热点investment hot spot投资方式form of investment投资总额total amount of investment投资比例proportion of investment投资研讨会an investment seminar招商引资canvass business and induce investment专有技术know -how技术引进acquisition of technology技术出口export of technology技术转让technology transfer技术服务technical service专利许可patent license商标许可trademark license保税区bonded zone/area经济特区special economic zone经济技术开发区economic and technological development zone for new and high-levelTechnology industries建立技术密集型企业set up technologically-intensive enterprises经济起飞economic take / kick off外向型经济exports oriented economy沿海开放城市open coastal cities以下称甲方hereinafter called Party A货币供应money supply建设基金construction fund基础设施infrastructure/basic facilities基本建设capital construction生产计划production plan生产劳动productive labour流动资金circulation capital工业园区Industry Park工业战线the industrial front工业总产值gross industrial output国民生产总值翻一番double GNP(Gross National Product)预算赤字budget deficit期货future commodities汇率并轨a uniform exchange rate贷款利率loan interest rate救济项目relief projects扶贫项目anti-poverty project救济贷款relief loan存款利率savings interesting rate下海经商plunge into the private business国有商业银行commercial state bank中国工商银行Industrial and Commercial Bank of China四、中国农业银行Agricultural Bank of China国家批准to be approved by the state协调发展to coordinate the development按劳分配原则the principle of distribution according to the work performed 改革劳动分配制度reform the labour and distribution system打破(不搞)平均主义break ( abandon ) equalitarian实行多劳多得原则carry out the principle of more income for those who work more发展经济,保障供给to develop the economy and ensure supplies金融改革banking reform社会保险social insurance人寿保险life insurance退休金pension养老金old-age pension公积金public accumulation fund公益金public welfare fund红包(红利,奖金)bonus红包(非正常途径所获,如不法医生向病人索取红包等) under the table payments 发红包制度a closed wages system滥发奖金issue bonus recklessly住房改革housing reform感到住房紧张feel the pinch of housing shortages现代住房政策the current housing policy市民商品住房commercial housing for city -dwellers被列为危房be listed as dangerous houses搬入新居move to a new house乔迁之喜Best wishes for your new home城市房地产市场the city‘s real estate market中国城市规划设计院China‘s Urban Planning and Design Academy社会保障体系social security system工资外收入off-the-book income实行自负盈亏assume sole responsibility for their own losses and profits 高级经济师senior business engineer高级会计师senior accountant高级统计师senior statistician税收taxation / tax revenue关税tariff免税be exempted from business tax所得税income tax营业税(商业税) business tax工商税industrial and commercial tax资产税tax on capital国家税state taxes地方税local taxes进出口税import/export duties出口退税制the export tax refund system物价改革pricing reform优惠的税收和价格政策preferential policies on taxation and pricing股票市场(股市)the stock market上市股票listed shares / stocks控股公司(持股公司)holding company股份有限公司joint stock corporation股票行情指数index of stock price数字化时代a digital times对方付费电话collect call信息高速公路the information super highway电脑网络文化cyberculture虚拟办公室virtual office虚拟社区virtual communities邮电通讯post and telecommunications程控电话program –controlled telephone直拨业务direct dialing service架空索道suspension cable交通繁忙heavy traffic无照驾驶drive without a license酒后驾车drive when intoxicated/drive under the influence of alcohol 刹车不灵in effective brakes闯红灯受罚be fined for ignoring a red light不冻港the ice free port吞吐量cargo handling开辟上海航线open route to Shanghai登机卡the boarding cards机组人员air craft crew饮食业food catering劳务市场a labour market劳务市场服务中心Job Market Service Centre职业介绍所job / employment introduction agencies上海劳动服务公司Shanghai Labour Service Companies城市―菜篮子‖工程the city‘s― Basket Project ‖亚洲四小龙(韩国、台湾、新加坡、香港)the four―AsianTigers‖(Korea,Taiwan, Singapore , HongKong )亚洲开发银行Asian Development Bank(ADB)欧洲共同体European Community ( EC )欧洲经济共同体European Economic Community(EEC)欧共体部长理事会Council of Ministers of European Economic Community欧洲货币体系European Monetary System(EMS)欧洲货币联盟European Monetary Union ( EPU )联合国United Nations(UN)联合国货币金融会议United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference五、国际商会International Chamber of Commerce(ICC)国际广告协会International Advertising Association ( IAA )国际专利公约International Convention on Patents国际货币基金组织International Monetary Fund ( IMF )国际商业组织International Organization for Commerce联合国工业发展组织United Nations Industrial Development Organization工业改革industrial reform理顺工业结构rationalize industrial structure上海粮油进出口公司China General, Oil and Foodstuff Import and Export Company上海市外国投资工作委员会Shanghai Foreign Investment Commission涉外会计事务所an accounting firm authorized to handle foreign –related accountingBusiness促销promote the sale推销产品promote the sale of products代理商agent经销商distributor批发商wholesaler中间商middleman零售商retailer制造商manufacturer拍卖商auctioneer买卖兴隆do a brisk business/The buying and selling for the means of production was brisk .销路好have a good sale/find a good market销路不好find no sale / market开发拳头产品develop―breakthrough‖products/develop competitive products 被评为部优产品be regarded as the high quality products of the ministry 折扣discount抢购shopping rush购买力purchasing power欢迎定购order welcome独家代理sole agent服务周到one‘s excellent service优质服务good quality service质量第一,顾客至上quality first , client first市场萧条slack market侵权infringement提成费royalties净销售额net sale price购销政策the purchase-market policy质地优良to be excellent in quality驰名中外to be popular both at home and abroad 名牌产品famous brand products优质名牌产品famous brand quality products中华老字号China‘s time-honored brand出售冒牌产品sell fake brand –named products破坏名牌声誉damage the reputation of brand names搞非法经营活动deal in illegal business activities谋取暴力reap colossal profits成为暴发户become a upstart大笔吃回扣get huge commissions有奖销售prized –attached sales缺斤短两short weight/weight under耍小聪明play petty tricks坑害人cheat sb.品质优良good in quality品种齐全in complete range of articles款式繁多with va****s patterns选料考究choice material原料消耗consumption of raw materials消费水平consumption level技术操作规程regulations for technical operations做工精细fine workmanship色泽鲜明bright –colored优惠价格favorable price调价措施price –regulating measures价格公道reasonable in price零售价格retail price批发价格wholesale price粮油补贴价subsidizing prices of grain and cooking oil市场调节价price decided by market adjustment货到付款payment against arrival物价指数price-rise index零售物价指数index of retail prices理顺物价关系to balance price relationship真丝pure silk刺绣embroidery耳环ear - rings木雕woodcarving毛织品woolen fabric棉织长毛绒cotton plush国家消费者权益日International Consumer Rights Day中国质量万里行China‘s Long March to Quality Campaign中国消费者协会the Chinese Consumers‘Association中国商品检验局Commodity Inspection Bureau of the P . R . C中国质量管理协会China Quality Control Association中国出口商品交易会Chinese Export Commodities Fair中国东方进出口公司China National Oriental Import&Export Corporation国家技术监督局the State Bureau of Technical Supervision六、上海市工商局Shanghai Industry and Commerce Bureau假冒伪劣商品fake and poor quality commodities劣质产品inferior products伪劣产品fake or poor products / shoddy and fake goods / low quality and counterfeit goods仿制品bogus copies假商标fake trade marks投诉lodge complaint / complain to sb .( of low quality goods )提出索赔lodge a claim监督电话supervision telephone number优质名牌产品high quality brand-name products上海牌电视机Shanghai TV―飞鸽‖牌自行车―Flying Pigeon‖Bicycles―小天鹅‖洗衣机―Little Swan ‖Washer―活力‖奶Vitality Milk―三鹅牌‖图钉―Three Geese ‖Drawing Pins―钻石‖牌手表―Diamond‖Brand Wrist Watches上海新江机械厂Shanghai Xinjiang Machinery Plant二、贸易类国际贸易international trade补偿贸易compensation trade转口贸易transit trade/entrepot trade贸易伙伴trading partner贸易争端trade disputes贸易顺差favorable trade balance贸易逆差unfavorable trade balance(trade deficit)过境贸易transit trade贸易自由化trade liberalization自由贸易市场free markets and fair乡村贸易市场village fair and rural market外贸盈余foreign trade surplus海关总署General Customs Administration互惠合同reciprocal contract签订合同to sign a contract撕毁合同to tear up a contract跳蚤市场flea market拍卖市场auction market劳务市场labour market繁荣市场flourish the market调节市场regulate the market逛夜市visit night markets乱收费random charges优惠价preferential prices交易额( one‘s) volume of business提供销售奖券offer lottery tickets with purchasing薄利多销cut down the profit margin in order to sell / more large sale at a small profit 市场疲软a sluggish market单边贸易制裁unilateral trade sanctions双边贸易额bilateral trade volume实行优惠政策launch a preferential policy建立经常贸易关系to establish regular trade relation国内贸易部Ministry of Internal Trade中国国际贸易促进委员会China Council for the Promotion of International Trade中国远洋运输总公司China General Ocean Shipping Company欧洲自由贸易区European Free Trade Area(EFTA)国际贸易中心International Trade Center国际贸易组织International Trade Organization(ITO)北大西洋公约组织North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO )贸易合作委员会Committee on Technical Cooperation加入世贸组织accession to the WTO / entry into the WTO关贸总协定The General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade最惠国待遇Most -Favored - Nation ( MFN ) treatment在互惠的基础上on a reciprocal basis严格产品质量检查制度to strictly observe the rules for checking quality of products三、农业类联合国粮农组织United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization(FAO)小康水平a relatively comfortable standard of living扶贫help alleviate poverty/relieving poverty/help poor areas扶贫运动anti- poverty programs脱贫致富to shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity星火计划Spark Program国务院扶贫办公室the State Council‘s Poverty Relief Office退耕还林revert fields to forests植树造林(绿化) afforest ation / virescence农村集市rural fair发展生产,繁荣经济develop production and bring about a prosperous economy多种产业经济a multi-industrial economy共同繁荣(共同富裕) common prosperity使农民走上富裕之路put farmers onto the road of wealth达到小康水平attain the well –off standard / achieve modest wealth解决温饱问题solve the basic living problems/solve the problems of food and clothing 贫困地区the poor areas/areas of poverty中西部地区the western and middle regions为吃穿发愁worry about daily necessities灾区disaster areas农业制度改革agricultural system reforms农业结构改革a restructuring reform of agriculture农村经济改革rural economic reforms深化农业改革deepen the rural reforms吃大锅饭feed/eat/take from the(same)communal pot打破大锅饭break up a communal pot发展乡镇企业develop rural township(owned)enterprises发展集体经济develop the collective economy兴修水利to build water conservancy projects多种经营a diversified economy in agriculture养猪大王king of raising pigs减轻农民负担lighten farmers‘ load / lighten peasants‘ load四、政治类(副)总统(vice-)president(副)主席( vice -) chairman总书记general secretary(副)委员长( vice ) chairman(副)总理(vice)premier(副)部长( vice -) minister(副)主任(deputy)director(副)局长( vice ) bureau -director(副)省长(vice)provincial governor(副)市长(vice)mayor(副)县长( vice ) head of a county(副)处长(deputy)division chief(副)科长( deputy ) section chief政治思想教育political and ideological education思想政治工作political and ideological work共产主义道德品质communist ethics中共中央the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China西部开发the development of China‘s west国务院开发研究中心the Development Research Centre of the State Council 发展是硬道理Development is an invariable truth.―三个代表‖思想the―Three Represents ‖theory党的基本路线the Party‘s basic line坚持四项基本原则uphold the four cardinal principles自觉与党中央保持一致to conscientiously be in one line with the Party center跨世纪领导干部cross century leadership领导干部要讲政治Leading cadres should be politically minded(aware).领导干部要讲学习Leading cadres should be knowledgeably aware / have learning awareness.领导干部要讲正气Leading cadres should be justifiably aware .官僚主义工作作风working styles of bureaucracy互相包庇shield each other开放政策the open-door policy/policy of opening to the outside world中国的改革开放China‘s reform and opening to the outside world改革的步子更大些take bolder steps in reform政治体制改革political system reform政治民主化democratization of politics居民委员会neighborhood committee民政部门civil affairs department实事求是seek truth from facts解放思想emancipate the mind/emancipation of our minds转变观念transition of people‘s conception在官方监督下under official surveillance地方保护主义regional protectionism拜金主义money worship/mammonism形式主义formalism行贿practise bribery(从……)索贿demand bribes ( from ...)收礼receive gifts反对贪污受贿the fight against corruption and bribery走过场make it a mere formality居功自傲pride oneself on one‘s merits and become conceited唯利是图profit seeking洗雪耻辱wipe out the disgrace德才兼备with both professional ability and political integrity道德准则ethical code抓住时机seize the right opportunities蔚然成风to become common practice合法权益lawful right and interest廉洁自律to perform one‘s duty honestly反腐倡廉against corruption and for a clean government廉政建设build a clean government贪污腐败corruption惩治腐败to combat corruption政治腐败corrosion of politics腐化堕落morally degenerate生活腐化lead a dissolute life贪赃枉法take bribes and bend the law/pervert justice for a bribe推卸责任shift responsibility onto others豪华住宅a luxu****s residence扫黄运动anti- pornography campaign以权谋私abusing power to make profits权钱交易trading power for money违法乱纪violate the law and disciplines侵吞公款embezzlement of public funds公款吃喝to enjoy banquet on public funds公款出国旅游sightseeing trips abroad on public expense不得人心go against the will of the people/do not enjoy popular support引起公愤arouse public indignation / cause popular anger以平民愤in order to appease public indignation和稀泥blur the line between right and wrong扯皮dispute over trifles拉山头form a faction穿小鞋give sb.a pair of light shoes to wear/make things hard for sb. by abusing one ‘s power挨整be the target of attack请客送礼invite guests ( the important persons ) to dinner and give them gifts 拉关系try to establish a relationship with sb走后门get in by the back door/enter by the back door托人情ask an influential person to help arrange sth .找后台seek back stage boss嫉贤妒能be jealous and envious of capable men拖拖拉拉的工作作风dilatory style of work提高……意识to heighten one‘s awareness暂行条例interim regulations开除公职discharge sb . from public employment / be dismissed from the post 开除党籍be expelled from the party留党察看be place on probation within the party免除党内职务removal from posts in the party严重警告se****s warning对外开放to open up externally长治久安to maintain long –term stability有紧迫感have a sense of urgency维持现状to maintain the status quo跟上时代的步伐keep pace with the times两大主题two principal themes和平演变peaceful evolution主权sovereignty举动/举措move基本法Basic Law香港总督governor of HongKong行政长官chief executive台湾问题the Taiwan issue各界人士public figures of all circles各界代表representative personages of va****s circles一贯立场consistent stand和平统一peaceful reunification和平建设peaceful construction基本出发点basic point of departure―一国两制‖的原则the principle of―one country , two systems ‖领土完整territorial integrity台湾当局the Taiwan authorities购买军火to peddle munitions扩军备战arms race军事挑衅military provocation历史遗留问题question left over from ( past ) history保证顺利回归to ensure the smooth return完成祖国统一大业accomplishment of the great cause of reunification坚持一个中国的立场to stick to one –China position反对―两个中国‖opposition to―two Chinas‖我们神圣的领土台湾回归祖国的怀抱the return of our sacred territory Taiwan to (the embrac e of)our motherland联合国粮农组织Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ( FAO )第八次国际会议the eighth international conference与国际接轨to synchronize with the world / to accord with international norms欧洲议会European Parliament欧洲联盟(欧盟) European Union ( EU )欧洲政治联盟European Political Union(EPU)政府机构government institutions机构臃肿overstaffed government organization人浮于事have more hands than needed任人惟贤appoint people on their merits国家机关state agency常务委员会standing committee劳动局labour bureau劳动部the ministry of labour人事处personnel division少数民族ethnic group民主改革democratic reform中国专家Chinese expert中国问题专家China expert加强行政管理strengthen administrative management办理审批手续go through all the procedures of approval简化审批手续simplify the procedures of approval全国大会National Convention全体会议a plenary session人民大会堂the Great Hall of the People全国人民代表大会National People‘s Congress中国人民政治协商会议Chinese People ‗s Political Consultative Conference ( CPPCC )国务院主管部门the competent department of the State Council中华全国总工会All –China Federation of Trade Unions世界知识产权组织World Intellectual Property Organization中华全国青年联合会All –China Federation of Youth国家海洋局the State Oceanographic Administration国家海洋公园national marine park交通部the Ministry of Transportation上海交通局Shanghai Traffic Control Bureau上海展览中心Shanghai International Exhibition Center浦东新区Pudong New Area香港特区The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region中华全国妇女联合会(全国妇联)All-China Women‘s Federation(ACWF)中国妇女权益保护法Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Women 计划生育纲要The program for Family Planning计划生育委员会Family Planning Commission鼓励妇女参政议政to courage women to participate in government and political affairs领导班子年轻化、知识化、专业化 a younger , better –educated and more professional leadership自尊、自信、自立、自强self -respect ,self- confidence , self- reliance and self-strengthening伤风败俗offending public decency / corrupting public morals五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德)the Five Stresses focusing on decorum , manners , hygie, discipline , andmorals四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美)the Four Points of Beauty(beautification of the mind , beautification of language , beautification of behavior ,beautification of the environment)三热爱(热爱祖国,热爱社会主义,热爱中国共产党) the―Three Loves ‖( love for the mother land, love for socialism, love for the Chinese Communist Party)社会主义物质文明socialist material wellbeing社会主义精神文明socialist culture and ideology建设具有中国特色的社会主义build socialism with Chinese characteristics外交关系diplomatic relations外交途径diplomatic channel霸权主义hegemonism强权政治power politics世界舆论world opinion友好往来friendly exchanges政治颠覆political subversion五、法律类法律监督作用the role of legal supervision法律制裁legal penalties隐私权right of privacy继承权right of inheritance财产权right of property****Falun Gong犯罪团伙criminal gangs贩毒团伙drug trading gangs走私毒品smuggle drug制造假钞make the false notes挪用公款embezzle public funds吸毒者a drug addict通缉犯a wanted criminal抢劫犯robber嫌疑犯suspect教唆犯abettor / abetter在逃犯a criminal who is at large在押犯jailbirds卖淫prostitution/prostitute oneself嫖娼go whoring / visit prostitutes姘头(姘居)live illicitly as husband and wife美人计a sex trap出售淫秽录像sell obscene video tapes保护人们的合法权益protect one‘s legitimate rights承担(法律、道义等)义务to be obligated to do中华人民共和国环境保护法Law of Environmental Protection of the People‘s Republic of China中华人民共和国水污染防治法Law on the Prevention and Treatment of Water Pollution of the People‘s Republic of China禁止拐卖、绑架妇女。

口译记录的常用符号a.图标符号:↑ : 上升, 发展, 扩大, 加强等(grow, develop, expand, strengthen, etc.)↓ :下降, 减少, 恶化, 裁减(drop to, reduce, deteriorate, cut down )→ ：导致，输出，派遣, 进入, 结论(result in, export to, send to, enter, drawa conclusion）：来自，源于，追溯至, 进口，收到(come from, originate from, date back,import from, receive from）：国家(country, state, nation）：国内(domestic, internal, home）：国外(external, overseas, abroad）⊙：开会,会议,研讨会,讨论,谈判(meeting, conference, seminar, discussion, negotiation）（图像表示“圆桌”）∪：协议,协定,条约,合同(agreement, accord, treaty, contract) （图像表示“酒杯”，含有庆祝的意思）如: 双边条约(bilateral treaty)可写成: ;三边协定(trilateral agreement )可写成: ;°：人, 人们(person, people) （图像表示“人头”）如: 美国人可写成: “US°” ; 中国人可写成: “中°” ;♂：男性,男人(male, man）♀：女性,女人(female, woman）Δ：代表(on behalf of）：对立,冲突(confrontation, conflict）~ ：交流,交换, 相互(exchange, replace, each other）?：疑问,问题,提问(doubt , problem, question, ask）: ：说,告诉,认为,声明,例如(say, speak, tell, think, declare, such as, like）( )：包括,在…之中/内,封闭(including, within, among, inside, seclusion）∈：属于,归于,归属(belong to ,be part of, fall into, pertain to)// ：停顿,停止,终止(stop, halt）& ：和,与…一起(and, together with）…：等等(and so on, and so forth, and the like, etc.)√：正确,好,肯定的,积极的,同意(correct, good, affirmative, certain, positive, agree）×：不/非,错误的,坏的,不好的, 否定的(not, no, wrong, incorrect, bad, notorious, negative)☆：杰出的,优秀的,最佳的,重要的,榜样(outstanding, excellent, best, important, model）（星光璀璨，表示“优秀,突出”）：高兴,开心,愉快,兴奋(happy, pleased, delightful, joyful, excited）（这是个脸谱图像符号，嘴巴向上翘，表示“开心”）：不满,生气,不开心,郁闷(unsatisfied, angry, unhappy, gloomy)（嘴巴向下撇，表示“不高兴”）：惊讶,惊奇,吃惊,震惊(surprised , astonished , amazed, shocked )（嘴巴张大，表示“吃惊”）：害怕,恐惧,恐慌(scared , frightened, panic ) （两只眼睛张大，表示“恐惧”）：听说,据说,众所周知(it is said that, maybe you’ve heard of, as we allknow , as is known to all ) （脑袋上画个耳朵，表示“听说过，有所闻”）b .数学符号:= ：等于,相当于,是…的对手(equal to, the same as, a match/rival/competitor for sb.)≠：不等于,不同,不是…的对手(not equal to, different, no match for)≈：大约,左右(approximately, around, or so )＞：大于,多于,超过,优于(greater, larger or more than, better than, surpass, superior to)＜：小于,少于,不够,劣于,次于(smaller/fewer/less than, worse than, inferior to)+ ：加上,另外,除此之外(plus, add, moreover, besides, in addition to, furthermore)－：减去,扣除,缺乏(minus, deduct, lack )∑：总共,合计(total, in all, add up )% ：百分比,百分之…(percent)‰：千分比,千分之…(per thousand)∵：因为, 由于(as, because, owing to, due to, thanks to）∴：所以, 因此, 因而(consequently, so, therefore, as a result）c .常用缩写词:UN ( United Nations ) :联合国UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization):联合国教科文组织UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund):联合国儿童基金会UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees):联合国难民公署EU (European Union ) : 欧洲联盟(简称“欧盟”)EEC (European Economic Community): 欧洲经济共同体NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization): 北大西洋公约组织APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation): 亚太经济合作组织WTO (World Trade Organization): 世界贸易组织WB (World Bank): 世界银行IMF(International Monetary Fund):国际货币基金组织L.G( ladies and gentlemen):女士们、先生们TKS( thanks):谢谢Org(organization):组织Co.(Company):公司MKT(market):市场L/C(letter of credit):信用证Ltd.(Limited): 有限Memo (memorandum): 备忘录 B.C.(before Christ): 公元前e. g. (for example): 例如i.e. (that is ): 即；那就是etc. (and so on ):等等esp.(especially):特别;尤其usu.(usually):通常;惯常max.(maximum): 最高min.(minimum): 最低;最小Wt.(weight):重量Kg.(kilogramme):公斤;千克b. (billion ): 十亿m.(million, meter, mile):百万;米;英里t.( thousand ,temperature , ton):千; 温度; 吨h. (hundred, hour, height): 百;小时;高度km. (kilometer)千米:公里sq. km (square kilometer):平方公里E(East):东S( South):南W( West ):西N( North ):北Q.( question ) :问题; A.(answer, acre ): 回答;英亩C (centigrade): 摄氏温度F( Fahrenheit): 华氏温度att. (attention):注意cf.(compare):比较c/o(care of): 转交ref.(reference):参考add.(Address):住址st.(street): 街std.(standard): 标准econ. (economy):经济ad.(advertisement):广告w (world):世界p (peace):和平r (repetition):重复y (year):年m (month):月w (week):星期 d (day):日a.m.(before noon):上午p.m.(afternoon):下午CN(China):中国(或简写为“中”) US(United States ):美国F(France):法国J(Japan):日本(或简写为“日”) UK(United Kingdom):英国HK(Hong Kong):香港MO(Macao):澳门TW(Taiwan):台湾AL(Australia ):澳大利亚SD(Sweden):瑞典SZ(Switzerland):瑞士CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States):独联体IQ(Iraq):伊拉克IR(Iran):伊朗ID(India):印度IN(Indonesia):印度尼西亚PL(Palestine ):巴勒斯坦PK(Pakistan):巴基斯坦d .综合性符号:. d ( yesterday): 昨天.. d (the day before yesterday): 前天. y( last year): 去年.. y (the year before last ): 前年d . (tomorrow): 明天 d .. (the day after tomorrow): 后天y . (next year): 明年y .. (the year after last): 后天[注:在年、月、日缩写词前后加“.” , 表示时间的推前或后移。

英语翻译CATTI备考：2021政府报告常用词-基础的译法”基础“的几个译法1.固定搭配：基础设施 infrastructure2.短语：在...基础上on the basis of , based on， with the principle of如：based on what we had done to在相互尊重基础上: on the basis of equality and mutual respect, with the principle of mutual respect3.basic, base基础养老金：basic pension基础研究：basic research产业基础: industrial base5.underlying基础制度：the underlying system5.foundation基础地位: the foundational role of发展是基础: Development is the foundation经济恢复基础: The foundation for achieving our country’s economic recovery提取的与“基础”有关的双语句子面对历史罕见的冲击，我们在“六稳”工作基础上，明确提出“六保”任务，特别是保就业保民生保市场主体，Facing shocks of a severity rarely seen before, based on what we had done to ensure stability on six key fronts, we carried out the task of maintaining security in six key areas —particularly job security, basic living needs, and the operations of market entities.完善资本市场基础制度。

口译中国特色基础词汇1. 素质教育：Quality Education2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient，另一种情感商数Emotional quotient3. 保险业：the insurance industry4. 保证重点指出：ensure funding for priority areas5. 补发拖欠的养老金：clear up pension payments in arrears6. 层层转包和违法分包：mutlti-level contract ing and illegal subcontracting7. 城乡信用社：credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas8. 城镇居民最低生活保障：a minimum standard of living for city residents9. .城镇职工医疗保障制度the system of medical insurance for urban workers10. 出口信贷：export credit11. 贷款质量：loan quality12. 贷款质量五级分类办法：the five-category assets classification for bank loans13. 防范和化解金融风险：take precautions against and reduce financial risks14. 防洪工程：flood-prevention project15. 非法外汇交易：illegal foreign exchange transaction16. 非贸易收汇：foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels17. 非银行金融机构：non-bank financial institutions18. 费改税：transform administrative fees into taxes19. 跟踪审计：foolow-up auditing20. .工程监理制度：the monitoring system for projects21. 国有资产安全：the safety of state-owned assets22. 过度开垦：excess reclamation23. 合同管理制度：the contract system for governing projects24. 积极的财政政策：pro-active fiscal policy25. 基本生活费：basic allowance26. 解除劳动关系：sever labor relation27. .金融监管责任制：the responsibility system for financial supervision28. 经济安全：economic security29. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设：to increase the deficit to spend more on development30. 扩大国内需求：the expansion of domestic demand31. 拉动经济增长：fuel economic growth32. 粮食仓库：grain depot33. 粮食收购企业：grain collection and storage enterprise34. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行：closed operation of grain purchase funds35. 粮食销售市场：grain sales market36. 劣质工程：shoddy engineering37. 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款：arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines38. 骗汇、逃汇、套汇：obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage39. 融资渠道：financing channels40. 商业信贷原则：the principles for commercial credit41. 社会保险机构：social security institution42. 失业保险金：unemployment insurance benefits43. 偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税：tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes44. 外汇收支：foreign exchange revenue and spending45. 安居工程：housing project for low-income urban residents46. 信息化：information-based; informationization47. 智力密集型：concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive48. 外资企业：overseas-funded enterprises49. 无偿献血：blood donation without repayment50. 分流：reposition of redundant personnel51. 素质教育：education for all-round development52. 假文凭：fake diplomas53. 社会治安情况：law-and-order situation54. 民族国家：nation state55. "台独"："independence of Taiwan"56. 台湾当局：Taiwan authorities57. 台湾同胞：Taiwan compatriot s58. 台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分：Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.59. 西部大开发：Development of the West Regions60. 可持续性发展：sustainable development61. 风险投资：risk investment62. 通货紧缩：deflation63. 扩大内需：to expand domestic demand64. 假日经济：holiday economy65. 网络空间：cyberspace66. 计算机辅助教学：computer-assisted instruction ( CAI )67. 虚拟现实：virtual reality68. 网民：netizen ( net citizen )69. 电脑犯罪：computer crime70. 电子商务：the e-business71. 网上购物：shopping online72. 应试教育：exam-oriented education73. 学生减负：to reduce study load74. "厄尔尼诺"：（EL Nino）75. "拉尼娜"：（La Nina）76. "第三产业"：（third/tertiary industry,service sector,third sequence of enterprises）77. ．"第四产业"：（quaternary/information industry）78. "军嫂"：（military spouse）79. "峰会"（香港译"极峰会议"）"：summit(conference)80. "冰毒"：ice81. "摇头丸"：dancing outreach82. "传销"：multi level marketing83. "（计算机）年问题"：YK problem(y for year, k for kilo or thousand)84. "白皮书"：white paper(不是white cover book)85. "傻瓜相机"：Instamatic(商标名，焦距、镜头均固定，被称为foolproof相机)；86. "白条"：IOU note（IOU：债款、债务，由I owe you 的读音缩略转义而来）87. "巡回招聘"：milk round（一种招聘毕业生的方式，大公司走访各大学及学院，向求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈）。

中高级口译口试必备词汇a hedge against inflation n. 防止通货膨胀的措施hedge:助记方法:h加edge。

此词表示的是“防止可能造成损失的手段”。

注意此英语和中文语序的不同，“措施”在前，“通货膨胀”在后，介词是against。

a prudent monetary policy n. 稳健的货币政策prudent:助记方法:president中间的esi换为u,发/u/的音。

此词表“慎重的，稳健的”。

monetary:助记方法:mone加tary。

意思为“钱的; 货币的”此短语各词对应一致。

absolute advantage n. 绝对优势注意，“绝对”是absolute。

accounting n. 会计学;帐目清算;财会[glossary] [扩展]accountant n.会计(师)accounting fraud [ ] n. 做假帐accounting scandal [ ] n. 财务丑闻bookkeeping n. 记帐financial statement n. 财务报表keep the public informed of the financial affairs 财务公开fraud 诈骗，欺骗注意，此处将汉语中动词“做”翻译为英语中的名词，特别是汉语中整个短语表名词时，这一技巧较常使用。

又如“记账”翻译为:bookkeeping。

“财务公开”先翻“公开”，再翻“财务”acquisition of assets n. 购置资产此处acquisition是acquire的演生(去re加sition)Assets 资产，财产(逆差) active balance (passive balance/ unfavorable balance) n. 顺差这里的“差”用balance表示，“顺”和“逆”分别用active和passive来表示。

advanced technology n. 先进技术此词照直翻译。

2015年秋季基础口译题型班必备中译英50句1.中国是世界上人口最多的发展中国家，13亿人口中蕴含着极其丰富的人力资源。

China is a developing country with the largest population in the world. Its 1.3 billion people are rich human resources.[Notes]①发展中国家：developing country②蕴含着：are/contain③极其丰富的人力资源：rich/abundant/ample/affluent human resources2. 高中阶段教育普及率大幅提升，职业教育得到重点加强，高等教育进入大众化阶段。

More and more students enter senior middle schools; vocational education has been especially enhanced; and higher education is becoming more popular.[Notes]①高中阶段教育：senior middle school/senior school/high school education②大幅提升：increase/improve greatly/drastically/substantially/significantly③职业教育：vocational education④加强：enhance/strengthen/reinforce/intensify⑤高等教育：higher education3.中国政府始终把促进就业作为经济、社会发展的优先目标，促进城乡劳动者提高整体素质，逐步实现更加充分的社会就业。

The Chinese government always makes employment promotion the first aim for economic and social development, helps the urban and rural workers improve their overall qualities to gradually increase employment.[Notes]①促进就业：employment promotion②把…作为…：make/regard/treat/consider/think of…as…③优先目标：first aim/goal/objectivepriority target/top priority④城乡劳动者：urban and rural workers⑤整体素质：overall/comprehensive qualities4. 2008年国际金融危机爆发后，为应对国际金融危机的冲击，中国政府实施更加积极的就业政策。

基础口译教程词汇短语表UNIT 15 ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT经济与发展Warming-up Practice1. This catalog is a real eye-catcher.catalog/ catalogue/ˈkætəlɒɡ/ n. a complete list of items, for example of things that people can look at or buy目录；目录簿eye-catcher n. 美人；引人注目的东西；美丽的东西first-ˈrate adj. of the highest quality第一流的；质量最优的；优等的ˌjoint ˈventure n. ( business 商) a business project or activity that is begun by two or more companies, etc., which remain separate organizations 合营企业；合资企业agency n. /ˈeɪdʒənsi/ a business or an organization that provides a particular service especially on behalf of other businesses or organizations 服务机构；（尤指）代理机构，经销机构regular adj. doing the same thing or going to the same place often 经常做某事的；常去某地的ˈtrade fair n. ( also ˈtrade show ) an event at which many different companies show and sell their products 商品展销会；商品交易会2. Career womenadop·tion n. /əˈdɒpʃn/ [ U ] the decision to start using sth such as an idea, a plan or a name （想法、计划、名字等的）采用reform and opening-up policy改革开放政策go in for参加，从事；追求；赞成sth. be of special interest to sb.某人尤其对……感兴趣for ˈinstance= for example 例如；比如3. Challenges and opportunitiesface the challenge from the outside面临外部的挑战be willing to do sth.乐意做某事com·peti·tor /kəmˈpetɪtə(r)/ n. a person or an organization that competes against others, especially in business （尤指商业方面的）竞争者，对手Passage InterpretationPart A English-Chinese InterpretationPassage 1Paragraph 1euro n. /ˈjʊərəʊ/ ( pl. euros or euro ) ( symbol €) the unit of money of some countries of the European Union 欧元（欧盟中某些国家的货币单位）on ˈoffer：that can be bought, used, etc. 提供的；可买到；可使用•The following is a list of courses currently on offer. 以下是目前所开设课程的清单。

经济贸易国民经济常用语中央计划经济centrally planned economy指令性经济mandatory plan网络经济Internet-based economy实证经济学positive economy外向型经济export-oriented economy实体经济the real economy规模经济economies of scale规模不经济diseconomy of scale经济规律laws of economics看不见的手the invisible hand发挥市场调节作用give play to the regulatory role of the market经济和法律的杠杆economic and legal leverages经济计划和市场调节相结合combine economic planning with market regulation 优化资源配置optimize allocations of scale规模经营优势advantage of economies of scale比较优势comparative advantage新凯恩思主义new Keynesian货币主义者monetarist供给学派supply-side economist企业集团business conglomerate全民所有制ownership by the whole people集体所有制collective ownership国有企业state-ownership enterprises(SOEs)集体企业partnership enterprises私营企业private businesses民营企业privately-run businesses中小企业small and medium enterprises(SMEs) 三资企业three forms of foreign-invested enterprises连锁企业franchise/chain businesses下游企业down-stream enterprises高附加值high added value主要经济指标major economic indicator人均国内生产总值GDP per capita工农业总产值gross output value of industry and agriculture 工业增加值industrial added value实际增长率growth rate in real terms年均增长率average growth rate per ammum可持续增长sustainable growth出口导向型增长export-led growth投资驱动增长investment-driven growth增额；增加值increment经济效益economic returns/business performance社会商品零售总额total retail sales百分点percentage point按原口径计算calculate at the base line按不变价格计算calculate at constant price按可比价格计算calculate at comparable price投资回报率rate of return on investment外贸进出口总额total foreign trade value外贸顺差foreign trade surplus逆差deficit实际利用外资foreign investment in place资金到位fully funded财政收入tax revenue国民收入national income总需求曲线aggregate demand curve总供给曲线aggregate supply curve总支出曲线aggregate expenditures curve消费价格指数consumer price index(CIP)零售价格指数retail price index(CPI)生活费用价格总指数total price index of living cost生活费用income available for living expenses扣除物价因素in real terms居民储存存款domestic savings恩格尔系数（食品开支比例）Engel coefficient基尼系数（地区差别）Gini coefficient科斯定理Coase’s theorem购买力平价法purchasing power parity(PPP)片面追求发展速度excessive pursuit of growth经济增长减速slowdown of economic growth泡沫经济bubble economy经济过热overheating of economy炒房地产热frenzied and speculative trading in the property market 三角债chain debts/interenterprise arrears结构失调structural imbalance结构性矛盾突出acute structural imbalance优化结构structural optimization供大于求oversupply供不应求short supply需求拉动的通货膨胀demand-pull inflation恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation滞胀stagflation菲律普曲线（失业与货胀）Phillips cure经济紧缩crunch不景气slump/sluggish衰退recession大萧条great depression负增长negative depression高息集资raise funds by offering high interest超前消费deficit spending收益递减diminishing returns边际效用递减diminishing marginal utility财政赤字（盈余）budget deficit(surplus)瓶颈制约bottleneck constrains双头垄断duopoly提高经济效益enhance economic performance/increase economic returns社会效益beneficial social effect充分就业full employment实现持续，稳定，协调的发展bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development培育新的经济增长点foster new sectors economic growth拉动经济增长fuel economic growth扭亏为盈turn a loss-making business into a profitable one放权让利decentralization and interest concessions深化改革intensify reform/deepen one’s commitment to reforms配套改革supporting (concomitant) reforms配套资金counterpart funds/local funding of改革试点pilot for reform放松管制deregulation权利下放decentralization杠杆率leverage ratio杠杆收购leveraged buyout利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery费改税transform administrative fees into taxes债转股debt-to-equity swap充分发挥货币政策的作用give full play to the role of monetary policy事实积极的财政政策follow a pro-active fiscal policy向银行增发国债，扩大投资The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment再注资recapitalization放松银根to ease monetary policy收紧银根tighten up monetary policy通货紧缩deflation适度从紧的财政政策moderately tight fiscal policy信用紧缩credit crunch启动民间投资attract investment from the private sector加速国民经济信息化develop information-based economy/accelerate IT application in economy实现经济增长方式的转变effect change in the main source of economic growth (from investment expansion to performance gains)优化经济结构optimize economic structure输入活力bring vigor into扩大内需expand domestic demand改善居民心理预期inspire the general public’s confidence in the future needs鼓励增加即期消费encourage more immediate consumption整顿经济秩序rectify economic order市场潜力转化为现实的购买Market potential turns into tangible purchasing power 基本适度broadly appropriate平衡发展balanced development平稳回升steady recovery普遍回升broad-based recovery软着陆soft landing复式预算制capital and current budgetary account工业成本利润率profit-to-cost ratio规范行为regularize behavior国计民生national interest and people’s livelihood基础设施投资investment in infrastructure基本经济要素economic fundamentals（银行资金）头寸宽裕（头寸紧缺）in an easy position(tight position)招标投标制the system of public bidding for project适销对路的产品the right products/readily marketable products经济特区special economic zones(SEZs)“十五”计划The 10th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development劳动密集型labor intensive技术，智力，资本密集型technology knowledge or capital intensive高附加值的深加工down-stream processing with high added-value技术入股technology appraised as capital stock风险投资venture investment生产资料capital goods固定资产投资investment in fixed assets折旧费depreciation cost关系国计民生的产品products vital to national economy and people’s livelihood朝阳产业sunrise(emerging) industry承包经营contract for business management承包责任制system for contracted responsibility计件工资制度piece-rate system最高限价price ceiling鼓励give incentive to非公有成分non-public sectors主要成分dominant sector引进；输入importation搞活企业invigorate enterprises经济繁荣economy boom中国现代化三步走战略the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番GNP91990) doubles that of 19802000年人均国内生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平GDP of 2000 guadruples that of 1980;people live a fairy comfortable life.到21世纪中期，达到中等发达国家水平21st century, the lever of development is expected to be a par with the mid-ranking developed countries.新兴工业化国家newly industrialized countries(NICs)商务谈判用语贸易谈判这是我们的价目表This is our price list.您觉得这个报价如何？What did you think about that offer?这些价格是你们的国内价吗？Are these prices for your domestic customers as well. 这些价格也同样使用于海外We apply these prices to overseas customers as well.我们可以还价We may make a counteroffer.市场条件依国家不同而异Market conditions vary from country to country.您应该知道，本地市场竞争很激烈As you may know, the market here is very competitive.换句话说，我们需要较低的价格In other words, we need lower prices.您可以报一个更合适的价格吗？Could you make a more favorable offer?价格因数量而有所不同Prices depend on volume.您对市场怎么预测？What is your estimate of the market?你们的价格高的太离谱了Your prices are much too high.我可以降到70美元，这是最低价了I am prepared to go to 70 US dollars, but no further.那我们暂定在70美元Then, let us shake on 70 US dollars.假如今天下定单，什么时候可以收货？When could I expect to get the supply if I gave you an order today?您可以确定发货日期吗？Could you confirm the dispatch date?产品怎样包装，运输？How are the products packaged and shipped?您打算怎样付款？How would you propose to pay?我们通常在发货后40天内用支票付款We always pay by check 40 days after dispatch..我们必须有信用证才能出货We always ask for a letter of credit before dispatch.贵公司可以做我们的经销商，但不是代理商，同意吗？Your company can become our distributor, but not agent. Do you agree?经销商指的是贵公司可以自行出货，并以合理的差价卖出By distributor, I mean that your company may buy the products on your own account, and resell them with a reasonable markup.代理商指的是贵公司以抽佣金方式卖我们公司的产品By agent, I mean that your company may sell the products on behalf of my company and receives commission. 合资经营谈判下一步，假如该产品畅销，我们可以考虑在本地直接生产Thinking ahead, assuming that the product sells well, we may consider the possibility of producing it here.我们公司必须对这样的合资企业拥有控股权Our company must have a controlling interest in such joint venture.股权比例可以商量，不排除各占50 的合资We are flexible about the ownership ratio and do not rule out a 50/50 JV.我认为，50对50的投资比例行不通I do not believe a 50/50 venture is workable. 我建议可以考虑采取合伙制形式I suggest we consider the form of partnership.如何确定股权价值How would the value of equity be determined?该合资企业有什么负责人？What kind of officers does the JV have?由谁来提名这些负责人？Who would nominate the officers?总裁任期时间多久？What is the duration of the term of CEO?我方已有几个总裁人选We have a few CEO candidates in mind.由于总部开会都用汉语，总裁如果是中国人，沟通就比较方便Since meetings are held at our head office and carried out in the Chinese language, it would facilitate communication if the CEO is a Chinese.某些重要的管理事项必须有董事或股东一致同意Some important items regarding the management shall be effected only by unanimous consent of all the board members or shareholders.如果事情经过讨论还无法解决，则由合资公司母公司会议决定If it is still unresolved after discussion, the case shall be referred to a meeting of the presidents of the parent company for a final decision.我方认为，成功的关键之一在于确保不断地更新换代We believe that one of the keys to success is to ensure an on-going updating and upgrading.协议书谈判现在该讨论协议书了吧Perhaps it is time to discuss the agreement.如果一切都令人满意，我们可以起草一份合同If everything is satisfactory, we can draw up a formal contract.我想概括一下双方商定的要点If I may, I would like to summarize the points we agreed upon.如果您同意，我提议由我方草拟草案I propose we prepare the draft if you agree. 我们有一些参考资料We have some documents as model.我们回根据这个标准合同准备一份草案We prepare a draft according to this standard contract.是否请双方律师出席下次会议？Should both of us have our lawyers present in our next meeting?实际上我方已经请了一家知名的律师事物所着手起草了In fact we have asked a reputable law firm to start drafting.我想请您说明几个问题Could I ask you to clarify a few points?请问合同中的“吨”是怎么界定的？How is the term “ton” defined in the proposed contract?哪一方有权终止合同？Which party has the ultimate right to terminate the contract? 这一条跟您的说明并不一致I think this clause and your explanation are at odds with each other.我方找不到“不可抗力”条款We cannot find a force majeure clause.我们疏忽遗漏了，非常抱歉We must have slipped. I apologize for the oversight.但我们确实不是故意的But I assure you it was not intentional.我想更具体的商议一下担保条件I would like to discuss the terms of warranty in more detail.我方认为，合同书里不应该写上这么模糊的条款We do not think we should leave such an ambiguous clause in the contract.这一条并没有表达我的观点I am afraid this clause does not address the points I raised.坦率地说，第8段对我方并不公平Frankly speaking, I do not think Paragraph 8 is fair to us.贵方的改动同双方商定的条件有很大的出入The revision you present is far from the terms we agreed upon.除非恰当地加上…，否则我们无法再谈下去We cannot proceed any further unless you properly incorporate.我们得想方设法就这个遗留问题达成共识We need to make a renewed effort to come to some accord on this remaining issue.如果贵方接受我方的第二款的意见，我方愿意对第三款作让步We are wiling to bend on clause 3 if you can accept our position on clause 2.我们认为，我方已对贵方的条件采取了折中的办法We believe we have met your terms halfway.对这个条件，我们已经没有回旋的余地了We have no room for maneuver on this term.按我们公司政策规定，这一条只能如此Our company’s policy dictates that this clause has to be as it is.只剩下一个问题没解决，我得向我们公司领导层汇报，请他们研究There is only one pending issue. I must report to our management for their deliberation.今晚加把劲，完成协议书文本，我们明天就可以签约If we work a little harder tonight to finish the text of the agreement, we can be ready for signing tomorrow.对外经济合作经济交流economic exchange对外经济交流economic cooperation(business partnership) concerning foreign interests“引进来”strategy of “Attracting Foreign Investment”“走出去”strategy of “Going Global”国家标准化组织International Organization for Standardization(ISO)闭关政策“closed-door” (exclusion) policy闭关自守cut oneself off from the outside world实行全方位开放All regions and sectors are open up.大经贸战略strategy of broadly-based foreign trade and economic cooperation营造良好的投资环境forest a favorable investment climate软环境intangible infrastructure扩大对外投资的开放领域expand the scope for FDI取消或进一步放宽外商投资限制eliminate or future relax restrictions on foreign investment鼓励外资的税收政策tax incentives for attracting foreign investment出口退税制度system of refunding taxes on exported goods保证金台账制度deposit account system for processing trade免二减三exemption for income tax for the first 2 years of making profit and 50% tax reduction for the following 3 years积极引进外来资金，技术，人才和管理经验actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise from outside国际竞争性招标international competitive bidding跨国公司multinational corporation实行国民待遇grant national treatment to可行性研究feasibility study投资协议金额contracted foreign direct investment实际利用外资foreign investment in actual use利用外资utilization of foreign capital吸收外资foreign capital intake合作方式approach to cooperation外商独资经营wholly foreign-owned operation外商控股controlling foreign equity合资经营equity joint合作经营contractual joint venture合营期限contract term of a joint venture三来一补three-forms of OEM and compensation trades 来料加工processing with materials来件装配processing with given samples来样加工assembling supplied components专有技术know-how统包工程turn-key project租赁leasing优惠条件concessional/favorable terms减免税收tax reduction and exemption投资重点investment priority现汇spot exchange实物investment in kind工业产权industrial property外资企业本地化naturalization of foreign enterprise外资企业国有化nationalization of foreign enterprise零部件国产化比率rate of local contents of components 外债external debt国际通行做法universal practice公开招标open bidding招标call for bid/tender invitation招标文件tender documents协议招标negotiated bidding投标保证金tender bond投标bid for/submission of tender document标价bid price/quotation投标策略tender’s tactics评标tender assessment开标tender opening定标award of contract废标rejection of all bids中标win a tender/a bidding接受外方股东担保accept guarantee provided by foreign shareholders外汇质押foreign exchange collateral securities中国外汇指定银行designates Chinese bank dealing in foreign exchange business 涉外经济法律foreign-related economic law世界贸易组织前身关税及经贸总协定General Agreement of Tariff and Trade(GATT)缔约方contracting parties正式而言，关贸总协定是法律文书Officially GATT was a legal text.关贸总协定管的只是货物贸易GATT dealt only with trade in goods.乌拉圭回合The Uruguay Round, the largest trade negotiation under GATT throughout the world.性质及对比关贸总协定世界贸易组织是世界上独一无二的处理国家之间贸易规则的世界性组织，其核心是世贸协议The World Trade Organization(WTO) is the only international body dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements. 世界贸易组织及世贸协议是永久性的The WTO and its agreements are permanent.成员的立法机构批准了世贸协议Members have ratified the WTO agreements.协议本身描述了世贸的运作The agreements themselves describe hoe the WTO is to function.世贸还管服务贸易和知识产权The WTO covers services and intellectual property as well.世贸争端解决体系更迅速，更主动The WTO dispute settlement system is faster, more automatic.其裁决不受阻挠Its rulings cannot be blocked.国民待遇-给予外国人和本国人一样的待遇national treatment-giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals宗旨使贸易尽可能自由流动help trade flow as freely as possible作为一个贸易谈判的论坛serve as a forum for trade negotiations争端解决settle disputes原则非歧视without discrimination更利于欠发达国家more beneficial for less developed countries组织结构总理事会General Council货物贸易理事会Council for Trade in goods与贸易有关的知识产权理事会Council for Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights服务贸易理事会Council for Trade in service仲裁小组Dispute Settlement Panel上诉法庭Appellate Body最不发达国家高级别会议High-lever Meeting for LDCs有关术语诸边协议（几个世贸成员之间）Plurilaterals(signed by only a few WTO membersthan all)最惠国待遇most-favored-nation treatment免费搭车者free-rider多边贸易体系multilateral trade system行业谈判sectoral negotiations最初谈判权initialing rights(INRs)《识产权协议》Agreement on Intellectual Property Rights自然人流动presence of natural person加入议定书Protocol on the Accession国营贸易产品products subjects to state trading指定经营产品products subjects to designating trading（农业）黄箱政策yellow box policy（农业）综合支持总量total aggregate measurement of support(Total AMS) （农业）微量支持水平deminimis level市场准入market access非关税措施取消时间表non-tariff measures subject to phased elimination需逐步取消的补贴subsidies to be phased out关税配额tariff quotas优惠关税preferential tariff非关税减让non-tariff concessions进口配额import quota非配额产品quota-free products进口渗透import penetration基础税率base tariff level进口环节税import linkage tax反补贴税countervailing规避circumvention倾销dumping sales反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against交叉报复cross retaliate透明度transparency更明确的产品安全标准规定clearer criteria for regulations dealing with the safety standards of products比较优势产业industries with comparative advantage《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes妥善解决争端resolve disputes peacefully and constructively上诉机构appeal body《北美自由贸易协定》North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Area东部和南部非洲共同市场Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa(COMESA)对外贸易外贸量quantum of foreign trade转口贸易entrepot trade有行贸易visible trade无形贸易invisible trade无纸贸易electronic data interchange记账贸易trade with payment open account零沽交易odd lots trading出口替代政策export substitute policy《国际贸易标准分类》Standard International Trade Classification(SITC)知识产权贸易trade of intellectual-property非货物贸易non-merchandise trade建筑工程服务construction engineering service贸易差额balance of trade贸易顺差trade surplus贸易逆差trade deficit入超excess of foreign imports出超excess of foreign exports外销上升strong export sales减缓增幅sluggish increase互通有无mutual exchange of needed products国际分工international division of labor布雷顿林体系Bretton Woods System关税的初高点initial height of the tariff关税减让tariff concession关税升级tariff escalation关税优惠tariff preference关税自主tariff autonomy关税最高限额tariff ceiling对外贸易仲裁委员会Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission贸易自由化trade liberalization多边贸易体系multilateral trading system进口许可证制度import license system外贸管制foreign trade control进出口经营权power to engage in import and export trade掠夺性倾销predatory dumping外贸国家垄断制foreign trade under state monopoly法治rule of law入世accede to WTO与世界经济的联系更密切be more closely linked to the world economy适应市场经济需要的法律体系还不够健全The regulatory and legal system is not well established to the demand of market economy.经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应THE economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.一些行业和企业可能会受到一些冲击Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.苛刻的条件harsh terms立足中国国情，发挥自身优势processed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play扬长避短，趋利弊害，迎接经济全球化的挑战foster strengths, circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization深化国有企业改革intensify reform on state-owned enterprises增强技术创新能力increase capability of technological innovation增强市场竞争能力enhance competitiveness on the market增强抗风险能力improve risk management统一政策，放开经营，平等竞争unified policy, liberalized operation, equal completion自负盈亏，工贸结合，推行代理制responsibility for one’s own profits and losses, integration of industry and foreign trade, and promotion of agent system守约，保质，薄利，重信observe agreement, guarantee quality, make small profits and value good faith外汇存留retention of foreign exchange保税仓库bonded warehouse互惠合同reciprocal contract国际结算international settlements国际收支条款BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions出口收汇核销单paper for verification of export earnings出口许可证制export license system出口波动补偿资助compensatory financing出口信贷国家担保制export credit guarantee system出口市场多样化diversification of overseas market出口退税foreign export rebate(drawback)出口提单export bill of landing《国际贸易术语解释通则》International of Trade Terms/Incoterms国际商会International Chamber of Commerce习惯做法course of dealing工厂交货EX works (EXW)船边交货free alongside ship(FCA)船上交货free on board(FOB)成本加运费cost and freight(CFR)许可证，其他许可和手续license, authorization and formalities 到岸价格cost, insurance and freight(CIF)运费，保险费付至carriage and insurance paid to(CIP)边境交货delivered at frontier(DAF)目的港船上交货delivered ex ship (DES)目的港码头交货delivered ex quay(DEQ)未完税交货delivered duty unpaid(DDU)清关customs clearance对外承包工程contracted projects in other countries对外经济援助economic-aid to other countries经济援助项目economic-aid to projects援款协议financial-aid受援国recipient countries专家组specialist groups实物援助assistance in kind电子商务身份认证authentication认证机构certification authority(CA)支付前通知advance notification of payment装运前通知advance shipment notice(ASN)自动交换中心automated clearing houses(ACH)自动取款机automated teller machine(ATM)条形码bar coding伪签名blind signature网关gateway资金集中与支付cash concentration and disbursement(CCD) 审查芯片clipper chip消费者电子数据交换consumer EDI永续更新continuous replenishment(CR)公司交易支付corporate trade payments(CTP)电子数据交换成本costs of EDI数据编码加密标准data encryption standard(DES)计账卡debit card支付服务disbursement services非居间化disintermediation重复付款double spending电子数据交换银行联合网络EDIBANX电子数据交换网关EDI gateways电子数据交换集线路EDI hubs电子数据交换翻译软件EDI translation software消费者有效应答efficient consumer response(ECR)电子商品目录e-catalog电子商务标准设定electronic commerce standard-setting 财政预算财政预算fiscal budget临时预算extraordinary budget预算收入budgetary revenue预算支出budgetary expenditure预算赤字budgetary deficit预算盈余budgetary surplus外汇收入earnings from foreign exchange行政管理费administrative costs自筹投资项目self-financed projects税收税收政策tax policy税收征收管理法Law on Tax Collection and Administration 分税制revenue-sharing税收管理权限划分division of tax administration power流转税turnover tax增值税value-added tax(V AT)汇总所得税consolidated income tax土地增值税land appreciation tax房地产交易税real estate transaction tax城镇土地使用税urban land use tax公路通行税road toll人头税poll tax不动产税real estate tax印花税stamp duty亏损依前扣除loss carry back亏损依后扣除loss carry forward销项税额output V AT进项税额input V AT应纳税额tax payable扣税凭证tax credit document完税凭证tax payment certificate组成计税价格composite value起征点taxable threshold法定税率legal tax rate名义税率nominal tax rate实际税率effective tax rate边际税率marginal tax rate累进税率progressive tax rate扣除额deductibles加成征税mark-up重复征税cascading taxation共享收入按入库级次分管Shared revenue will be administered at different levels according to where they are remitted to the treasury按次纳税pay tax on a transaction basis固定资产投资方向调节税tax on investment in fixed assets to rationalize such investment国有土地有偿使用收入income from the use of the state-owned land估税员tax assessor税收裁定adjudication of tax企业所得税corporate income tax个人所得税personal income tax税率tax rate偷税defraud revenue滞纳金late payment penalties货币流通货币circulating medium流通额circulation发行货币issue currency货币回笼withdrawal of currency from circulation电子货币electronic currency信用货币credit currency假钞票counterfeit (bogus) money自由兑换货币convertible currencies货币贬值currency devaluation货币升值currency appreciation融资金融机构financial institution储蓄银行savings bank银行支行sub-branch bank信用社credit cooperative银行保险基金Bank Insurance Fund银行抵押业务mortgage banking储蓄存款savings deposit定期存期time deposit活期存期demand deposit本金principal利息interest个人理财personal financing家庭银行home banking汇款remittance国际金融市场international financial market借贷市场loan market风险资本risk capital/venture capital存款保证金guaranty money for deposits不动产real estate商业贷款commercial loan住房抵押贷款residential mortgage loan学生贷款student loan无息贷款interest-free loan金融监管与国际市场接轨integrate with the world market整顿金融秩序reorganize financial order规范金融、保险业to regulate finance and insurance industries 金融诈骗financial fraud亚洲金融危机Asian financial crisis (1997---1998)管理机制不健全unsound internal governance mechanism风险管理risk management坚持严格的贷款标准maintain strong underwriting standards银行挤兑run on bank保险保险费premium保单分红方法method of policy dividend allocation理赔claim settlement索赔claim for compensation保险责任终止termination of coverdepositor forgery bond 存款票据伪造保证保险mortgage insurance 抵押保险endowment with term insurance 定期保障养老保险workmen’s compensation insurance 工人工伤（血养) 保险cargo marine insurance 海上货物运输保险navigation risk insurance 航行风险保险aviation accident insurance 航空意外事故保险Homeowner’s A Policy 家主A种保险inland marine insurance 陆海运输保险ticket stub insurance 旅客意外伤害保险endowment (life) insurance 人寿定期保险life insurance with dividend 人寿分红保险exchange risk insurance 外汇风险保险out-servant insurance 外勤人员保险universal life insurance 万能寿险casualty accident insurance 意外伤害保险life annuity insurance 终生年金保险证券股票default-free securities 安全证券non-negotiable securities 非流通证券debenture (UK) 债券treasury bill (T-bills) 短期国库券treasury bond 长期国库券mortgage bond 抵押债券redeemable bond 可回赎债券share options 股票期权nominal partner 挂名股东speculate in the stock market 炒股preferred stock (US) 优先股convertible stock 可转换股票letter stock 非公开上市股票private placement 配售high-tech share 高科技股price-earnings ratio (PE) 市盈率bonus stock 红利股票gilt-edged securities 金边证券seasoned securities 稳妥的股票blue chip 蓝筹股margin stock 差额股票cat and dogs 底价值股票barometer stock 晴雨表股票scrip 准股票NASDAQ 纳斯达克高技术企业板go public 公开上市go on a road show 巡回推荐公司quoted company 上市公司prospectus 招股书gross margin 毛利balance sheet 资产负债表portfolio 资产组合paid-up capital 实收资本return on equity (ROE) 股本收益率interest coverage ratio 盈息率provisions 准备金underwrite securities 承销nominal value 面值stock code 股票代码stock clearing corp 股票交割公司over-subscription 超额认购Nikkei Index 日经指数Reuter’s Index 路透商品行情指数stockbroker 证券经纪人quotating 证券行情board lot 上牌指数current rate knock down price 成交价odd-lot trading 碎股交易bull market 牛市jump 暴涨limit up 涨停板ballooning 上涨corner the market 大量买进股票afternoon buyer 趁跌吸进的人liquidating market 大量抛出long stock 看涨时买下的股票close-out 收盘pyramiding 金字塔式控股futures trading 期货交易futures-physical ratio 期货-现货比率manipulation of securities market 操纵证券市场China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) 中国证监会manipulation on stock exchange 证券交易投机活动principle of good faith 诚信原则non-executive director (NED)非执行董事sponsor 保荐人hedge fund 对冲基金Global Depository Receipts (NED) 全球存拖凭证disclosure 信息披露insider dealing 内幕交易商品labor-intensive product 劳动密集型商品up-stream product 上游商品technology-intensive product技术密集型商品certified goods 正品choice goods 精品brandnames 品牌货knock-out product 拳头产品the right product 适销对路产品run-of-the-mill goods 大路货dull goods 冷门货smuggled goods 水货articles of daily use 日用百货non-staple food 副食品marine product 海货fair-price goods 平价商品export goods withdrawn for sale on home market 出口转内销商品semi-finished articles 半成品end product 成品inventory 库存parity rate 比价merchandiser 贸易商价格wholesale price 批发价administered price 内定价net price 实价concluded price 成交价fluctuations 大涨大落special offer 酬宾价closing price 收盘价state-listed price 国营牌价monopolized sector 垄断行业price monitoring 物价监控price ceiling 价格上限procurement price 采购价nominal price 虚价clearance price 清仓价spiral 盘旋上升spurt 突然高涨price has tobogganed 突然下降销售market conditions 行情market potential 市场潜在需求量institutional purchasing power 集团购买力market access 市场准入market segmentation 市场分割market feeling 市场人心find inroad into the market 打入市场outlets 销售点sales on a commission basis 代销dealer 经销商be on the sale行销gross margin on sales 市场毛利net profit 净利lackluster sales 销售平淡sluggish market 萧条市场brisk trading 交投活跃shotgun approach 突击销售法sell on domestic market 内销tied sale 搭售be reluctant to sell out 惜售turnover 周转hire purchase 分期付款total contract 成交总额profiteer 倒爷scalp 倒买倒卖企业管理zero-defect control 零缺陷管理theory of throng relationship 人群关系论duality theory 对偶理论business econometrics 计量经济学operational research 运筹学contingency theory 权变理论cybernetics 控制论。