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阅读理解之猜词题（解析版）猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
同时，考生应掌握一些猜词技巧，通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。
一、思维导图二、方法点拨1. 设问方式•The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means .•“…” as used in the pa ssage can best be defined as…•What do you think the expression “…” stands for?•What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph?•Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”?•The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by…•Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?•What does the author mean by “…” in paragraph 2?2. 七大技巧1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。
标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。
这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
例如：例子1Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.29．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?A．Complex.B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.[分析]根据画线词所在句子可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，画线词前后的解释暗示了这些语言逐渐占主导地位，故选C项powerful (强大的，有影响力的)。
英语阅读中的猜词技巧英语阅读中的猜词技巧在英语阅读中，我们自然会遇到许多生词。
下面是店铺分享的英语阅读中的猜词技巧，欢迎大家阅读！一、针对性解释针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。
这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。
1.根据定义猜测词义如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
例如：Anthropology is the scientific study of man.由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。
In slang the term “jam” constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.同样，从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。
定义句的谓语动词多为：be，mean，deal with，be considered，to be，refer to，be called，be known as，define，represent，signify，constitute等。
2.根据复述猜测词义虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。
复述部分可以是适当词、短语或是从句。
同位语，例如：Semantics，the study of the meaning of words，is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。
该短语与前面生词semantics是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semantics指“语义学”。
在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。
浅谈高中英语阅读理解猜词技巧作者：袁珺来源：《校园英语·中旬》2017年第05期【摘要】在高中英语阅读中难免会碰到一些生单词，生单词障碍会影响学生阅读速度和理解程度。
如何有效清除生单词障碍，准确把握文章主旨尤为重要，本文介绍了猜测生单词的技巧，意在提高学生英语阅读能力。
【关键词】高中英语阅读理解猜词技巧词义猜测一、引言就英语学科而言，“得阅读者得高考”。
因此，英语阅读理解一直以来都是高考英语的重中之重，是考生取得高分的关键。
然而，高考阅读理解所选文章体裁多样化，题材广泛化，而且具有时代性，即使你掌握了大量的英语词汇，也会在阅读中遇到生僻的单词，而且词义猜测题也是高考考查题型之一。
因此，在高中英语阅读教学中，我们必须教导学生正确推断词义的方法，以及着重培养他们把握词义的能力。
以下是所总结的应对高中英语阅读理解中的生词妙招，以期待对高中学生学习英语有一定的帮助。
二、英语阅读理解猜词技巧1.淡化法。
淡化法是指淡化对原文理解影响不大的生词。
在做阅读理解题目时，除了讲究做题效率，阅读速率也很重要，因为考试时间是有限的。
不能因为某个不重要的单词而耽误了做题的速度。
在阅读过程中，考生在遇到对句子、段落乃至文章大意影响不大的单词时，可以淡化，甚至忽略不计。
例题1：James began preparing for the upcoming NBA playoffs by using social media less in order to avoid outside distractions， reported The Associated Press.分析：playoffs是生词，但是这并不影响对整个句子句意的理解，大家都熟悉NBA （National Basketball Association）是全美篮球协会，那么可以推断出playoffs应该接近“比赛、竞赛”之意。
正如所猜测，playoffs是“季后赛”的意思。
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨:猜测单词或短语的含义学生在阅读过程中，应具备根据上下文猜测词义的能力。
每年高考英语试题中，猜测单词或短语的含义也是常有的题型，因此大家在平时的阅读理解练习中应尽量积累一些猜词技巧。
常见的猜词技巧主要有两大类：语境法和构词法。
下面我们结合高考真题对这两种解题技巧具体说明。
1. 语境法语境法指通过上下文语境来猜测词义，这是比较常用且有效的猜词方法。
常用的语境法有：①通过定义、解释或同位关系猜测词义。
用于下定义或解释的单词或短语有or, mean, in other words, be defined as, be described as, be seen as, refer to, that is to say 等。
有些定义或解释是通过破折号、冒号、括号、同位语（从句）或定语（从句）来表示的。
例1：（2020年高考英语全国III卷B篇，保留原题号，下同）...Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2, 000 productions this year. ...26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.【分析】本文是新闻报道。
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猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义的试题。
掌握正确方法快速而又准确地猜测出生词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。
1．构词法猜词阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。
掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。
如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able 是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
2．利用同义近义词猜词在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。
统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
3．利用反义词猜词对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。
在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。
利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
4．利用上下文语境猜词任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。
英语高考猜词策略猜测词义在英语高考中起到至关重要的作用，以下几种策略在英语学习中经常应用，才能潜移默化地让学生们掌握更多的词汇。
一.定义法1. It will be very hard but also very brittle------that is , it will break easily.2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.3. A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year.定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is，or，that is (to say), in other words，be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示二.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等1 With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence2. …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …A.商店里的小偷B.商店里的推销员C.商店里的老客户D.商店里的搬运工三.根据同义词，反义词关系1. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.2. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”.3. In many nations there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth．小结:and ,or ,such as, like，for example, for instance常连接同义词组。
1、定或解明1. be called ⋯ 3. means ⋯ 4. be defined as⋯toWe can feel acceleration , which is an increase in speed. But we notice itfor only a short time. For example we feel it during the takeoff runof an airplane.1.the underlined word acceleration means _______.A. any kind of movementB. the movement of aplane C. a steady speedD. to make something mover faster2、比关系1. but/however/yet/while ⋯2. otherwise/or/or else ⋯3. instead of though/as◎John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.◎ If you agree, write“ yes”; if you dissent, write“no”.◎Although a large number of people considered him to have stolenthe money, I was sure that he was innocent of the thing.(2008 江卷， A 篇) Wecan allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy(人 ). However, we can also take control of it and make it our ally.56.The underlined word “ally ” in Para. 3 most likely means somebody or something that is ______.A. your slave and serves youB.your supporter and helps youC. under your control and obeys youD.under your influence and follows you3、因果关系since/as/for/due to ⋯therefore/thus/consequently⋯⋯that/such⋯that◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it wastoo long.◎The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom evenwhen it is shallow(浅的).(2009 安徽卷， B 篇) Of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing. In fact, they are seen as“boats on land” for their ability to carryloads.60.The words “boats on land ” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to __ A．animals for taking goodsB. creatures for pulling plows（犁）C. treasures of the folk cultureD. tools in the farming economy4、例法1. such as/for example/ for instance2. Like including 5. consist of◎Cars must have certain safety and good brakes （刹） .◎On the farm they mainly raise geese, for their eggs and meat.devices such as seat belt,headlights, poultry, such as chickens, ducks and(09 福建卷， E 篇) In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions( 排放物 ) to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points,such as the melting(消融 )of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.73. The underlined words“tipping points ” most probably refer to “_______”.A. freezing pointsB. burning pointsC. melting pointsD. boiling points5、重述is ( to say )⋯ 2. in other words/or⋯put it anot her way ⋯◎In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers haveto irrigate, or water their fields.◎ All whales consist of two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to odontoceti, that is to say, they are toothed whales.6.前后猜1).常前dis-/in-/non-/ir-否认前re-再⋯mini -小over- 度 super-超 pre-前猜： recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal2). 常后-er/-or/-ian/-ist/-ese ⋯人special a. 特的specialist n.家-able/-ful/-ish/-ern形容后reach v. 抵达reachable adj.可得的-ment/-tion/-ture/-ness名后careless a. 马虎的carelessness n.马虎（ 2008 全国卷 I, B 篇） The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater.62.The underlined word “fixture ” in Paragraph 3 probably refers tosomething ______.people enjoy eatingB. that is always presentC. that is difficult to getD. that people use as a gift1.(2009 天津卷， A 篇） Frequently it happens that a place has two names:One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by itsunofficial name long after the meaning is lost.37.What does the underlin ed phrase “die hard ” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Change suddenly.B. Change significantly.C. Disappear mysteriously.D. Disappear very slowly.2. （2009 陕西卷， C 篇） Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth inthe old wives’ tales.50.The phrase “hold water ” in the last paragraph most probablymeans“_______”.A. to be believableB. to be valuableC. to be admirableD. to be suitableman’s position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage( 宗系 ), and his tribe. 1).The word “disgrace ” means ____ in this text. A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shame4. The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolutionhe was banished . A few membersof the Senate( 参议院 ) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.1). The underlined word“ banished” mean _______.A. killed by stoningB. sent awayC. imprisonedD. punished by whipping5. Doreen Sykora is now a junior at McGill University. She had a difficult time when she first began college. She said, “I was always well preparedfor my examinations. But when I go into class to take the exam, I wouldfall apart. I could just blank out because of nervousness and fear.”1). T he phrase “blank out ” in Paragraph 1 refers to“_______. ”A. lose interest in the examB. refuse to take the examC. get an extra paperD. be unable to think clearly1. Albert ’s success after much effort and practice proves the va lue of persistence.A. timeB. competitionC. perseverance2. All his attempts to unlock the door wasfutile , because he was using the wrong key.A.成功的B. 白费的C.有效的D. 急促的3.Though Mr. Smith has been manager for just 3 months, he hasalready made much greater achievements than his predecessors.A.上司B.前任C.同事D.下级4. She didn’t hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.A. 漫不经心的B. 紧张的C.聚精会神的D. 睡意浓的5.Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister wasquite sedate.6.He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something,he won’t give it up halfway.7.The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man toldhim that he worked as an engineer.A. workB. studyC. nameD. interest8.Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs whichwas so different from that inside the city.A. townB. capitalC. countryD. house9.You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English,Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning.A. dictionariesB. story-booksC. magazinesD. newspapers10. The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.A.became sweeterB. became redC. became dry11.Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitous countryroad instead of the more direct highway.12.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see allthe exhibits in one day.A. smallB. largeC. dullis usually prompt for all her classes ， but she arrived in the middle of her first class today.A ． late B．on time C．pleasedsaw an owl last night but it flew away when he got nearA．a bird B．an animal C．the sunchildren are looking at a large, hairy(毛的) ape at the zookind of monkey B．a kind of snake C．a kind of fruitlady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucer to put her coffee cupon．A．a glass B．a cake C．a small plate。
