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►第11讲主谓一致（讲义）目录一复习目标掌握目标及备考方向二考情分析2023年中考主谓一致考情分析三网络构建知识点头脑风暴四名词考向1.主谓一致的原则2.主谓一致的应用3.提升必考题型归纳五真题感悟主谓一致经典考题【复习目标】1.掌握主谓一致的原则2.掌握主谓一致的应用【考情分析】主谓一致题型命题规律【网络构建】主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》对主谓一致仅要求理解。
近3年，主谓一致在中考英语试题主要集中在用动词适当形式填空、句型转换、汉译英、单项选择、完形填空及其它类型的填空题中都出现主谓搭配的试题，解答任务型阅读以及书面表达题型时，学生就必须考虑主谓一致。
因此，考生必须掌握主谓一致。
在学习过程中，要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。
近几年，主谓一致与时态、语态综合考查成为命题的方向。
考向一主谓一致的原则1.语法一致原则主要指语法形式上一致，即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致，这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。
➢He is a famous singer.➢The boys who are playing the guitar are my cousins.➢Life is full of the unexpected.➢ A sad movie makes me cry.➢Their mother cooks breakfast for them every morning.2.意义一致原则以主语表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单、复数。
这一原则多适用于句中主语为集体名词、“the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing”、以-s结尾的名词、what-从句；由and或both...and连接的并列主语；主语为时间、度量、价值、数目等意义的词语、某些不定代词、what、which、who等。
第八章主谓一致一、定义主谓一致指的是句子的谓语受主语支配，谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式或人称的变化而变化。
二、主谓一致的三个原则英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
这三个原则发生冲突时，优先考虑逻辑意义一致原则。
1.语法一致主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致。
（1）以单数名词或代词、短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g.My dream school looks like a big garden. 我梦想中的学校看起来像一个大花园。
The picture on the wall was drawn by my daughter. 墙上那幅画是我女儿画的。
She likes the yellow dress. 她喜欢那件黄色的裙子。
To study well is not easy. 学习好不是一件容易的事。
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在太阳下读书对眼睛不好。
What he said is very important for us all. 他所说的对我们所有人都很重要。
（2）由连接词and或both ... and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。
若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
e.g.Lucy and Lily are twins. 露西和莉莉是双胞胎。
The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. 这个男孩和女孩对于他们听见的消息很震惊。
Both bread and butter were sold out in that grocery. 那家食品杂货店的面包和黄油都卖光了。
The poet and singer has come. 那位诗人兼歌唱家来了。
2023年初中英语语法之主谓一致考点难点分析讲义英语备考：主谓一致问题1、主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致，即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention.（计算机是个了不起的发明）The water in the glass is very cold.（玻璃杯里的水很冷）2、集体名词（如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等）做句子主语时，①如果表示整体概念，则谓语用单数形式，如：Class Three is a very good class.（三班是好班）②如果表示其中的所有成员时，则谓语用复数形式，如：Class Three have a map of China.（三班有张中国地图）3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数，表示许多时，谓语用复数。
如：There is a sheep in the yard.（院子里有只绵羊）There are some sheep in the yard.（院子里有一些绵羊）4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾，但不是复数，因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. （这个消息令人兴奋）5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式，故谓语用复数。
如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.（裤子很便宜，我想买）6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式，跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。
如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.（现在有许多学生在打垒球）A lot of time was wasted on that work.（大量的时间花在了那个工作上）（被动句）7、and 连接两个名词做主语时，谓语原则上用复数，但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时，谓语则用单数。
主谓一致主谓一致：指句子的谓语受主语支配，随着主语单复数形式的变化而变化。
一、三个原则1. 意义一致：根据句子主语的含义（单复数意义）来确定谓语动词的变化。
The professor and writer is is invited to many universities to give lectures.The police are trying to search for the thief on the hill.2. 语法一致：语法形式上保持一致，即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。
My bike is under the tree. These books are old.3.就近原则：主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词的单复数形式应与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致Either my father or brother is coming. Not only you but also they are good students.二、并列结构作主语1、由and或both... and连接两个名词、代词作主语，表示不同的人或事物时，句子的谓语用复数。
在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。
John and Mike are good friends.The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing.2、every....and every , each...and each..., no....and no.... 做主语时谓语用单数。
Each boy and each girl has been invited to the party.3、not....but, not only...but also..., or, either....or, neither...nor, there be、Here be 句型谓语就近原则Neither you nor I am fit for the work.There is a pen，a pencil，a knife and three books on the desk.Here are some flowers and a card.三、单一主语：由一个中心词或短语充当的主语不定代词作主语：1.当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
考点名称：主谓一致•主谓一致的概念：谓语的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。
•主谓一致的基本原则：1)语法一致原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。
例如，主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。
例如：The students are very young.This picture looks beautiful.2)意义一致原则，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。
例如，主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也采取复数形式；而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数，谓语动词也采取单数形式。
例如：The people in that country are fighting for independence.The crowd deeply respect their leader.Three years in a strange land seems a long time.3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
例如：Neither hen or I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy.•几对容易混淆词组的一致用法：1、由“this／thatkind／typeof+名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；而由"these／thosekind／typeof+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：This kind of apples is highly priced.Those kind(s) of tests are good.2、由“a number of，a totalo f，an average of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；由“the number of，the total of，the average of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：A number of students are waiting for the bus.The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.3、one of，the(only) one of的一致用法例如：This is one of the books that have been recommended.This is the(only) one of the books that has been recommended.•主谓一致用法点拨：1、并列结构作主语谓语用复数：如：Reading and writing are very important.注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
如：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.典型例题：The League secretary and monitor___asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案：B.注：先从时态上考虑。
这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A、C本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。
后面的职务用and相连。
这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。
2、主谓一致中的靠近原则：1）当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
例如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2）当either…or…与neither…nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
例如：Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.3、谓语动词与前面的主语一致：当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
例如：The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.He as well as I wants to go boating.4、谓语需用单数：1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数。
例如：Each of us has a tape-recorder.2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。
例如：The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。
(用复数也可，意思不变。
)例如：Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.Ten yuan is enough.5、指代意义决定谓语的单复数：1）在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
例如：All is right. (一切顺利。
)All are present. (所有人都到齐了。
)2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。
例如：family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。
例如：His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。
His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
例如：Are there any police around?3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。
A number of+名词复数+复数动词。
The number of+名词复数+单数动词。
例如：A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.6、与后接名词或代词保持一致：1）用half of, part of, most of, a portion of等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。
例如：Most of his money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.2）在一些短语，如many a或more than one所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。
但由more than…of作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
例如：Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。
More than 60percent of the students are from the city. 百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市•主谓一致知识体系：•主谓一致用法拓展：1）当everyone，everybody，noone，nobody，anyone，anybody，someone，somebody，everything，anything，something，nothing等用作主语时，其相应的代词一般用单数形式。
例如：If anybody calls, tell him that I'm out.Something strange happened, didn't it?2）人称代词与名词的呼应：人称代词I(me)，he(him)，she(her)，it(it) 都是代替前面的单数名词，而they(them)，we(us)则是代替复数名词的，you既可以代表单数，也可以代表复数。
但表示泛指的时候，用he或one来表示。
例如：If a young person enters a classical music field only for money, he is in the wrong profession.3）物主代词与名词的呼应：my，our，his，her，its，their要与代替的名词在数上一致。
例如：The welfare department，as well as the other social services，will have its budget cut.4）反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应。
例如：Many primitive people believed that by eating ananimal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.5）指示代词与所代名词间的呼应：this和that指代单数名词或不可数名词，these和those指代复数名词(those还可以用作先行词，引导定语从句，表示“那些人”)。
例如：She invited all those who had been her former colleagues.6）much和muchof后接不可数名词，而many和manyof后接可数名词的复数。
例如：There is not much coal left.A great many of the houses were knocked down by the earthquake.7）表示量的词后面有的接可数名词，有的接不可数名词。
