2019届高考英语一轮复习考点聚焦Unit3Inventorsandinventions知能演练轻松闯关新人教版选修8

Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsⅠ.阅读理解AEarly one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run around the needle without any problems.Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practical sewing machine.Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious (无意识的), but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to us”．篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions李仕才【短文语法填空】I want to do something special for my 15­year­old son, who has always been a perfect boy.He worked all summer to earn enough money to buy __1__ (he) a new racing­bicycle instead of asking for money from me.Then he spent hours and hours on it.I loved my son so much __2__ I bought him a pair of sunglasses and gloves.When my son rode the racing­bicycle with him, he looked very cool.He dreamed __3__ taking part in a race and winning.On November 10th, my birthday, when I went to the kitchen to start the milk and bread in the morning, I found __4__ beautiful guitar on the table, beside which was a card, __5__ (say), “Happy birthday to my wonderful mother.” I was surprised and then began to sob.I remembered once I __6__ (joke) to my family that I wanted to learn the guitar to make my life wonderful.I __7__ (forget) it, but my son remembered.He took it __8__ (serious), and bought me one as a birthday gift.When I wondered __9__ my son could buy this expensive gift, soon I realized that my son had sold his racing­bicycle __10__ (get) me the guitar.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。

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Unit 3 Inventors and inventions"Ⅰ.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)1．David Harris is professor of law and a distinguished（distinguish) scholar at the University of Pittsburgh。

2．Bearing(bear） a heavy burden， the single mother has to work hard to bring up her children.3．Mom drove cautiously(caution） through the snow and the children wondered what she was going to show them。

4．She argues that the sooner we set about collecting（collect) information, the more active we’ll be.5．I believe I’m competent in this job, and have wonderful performance beyond your expectation（expect)。

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions话题素材——发明创造[话题词汇]1.achieve vt. 达到；取得2.ambitious adj. 有雄心壮志的3.birthplace n. 出生地；故乡4.confident adj. 自信的5.creative adj. 富有创造力的6.be enthusiastic about 对……热心7.make efforts to_do sth. 努力做某事8.regard ... as ... 认为……是……9.make great contributions to 对……做出巨大贡献10.set a good example to 为……做出好榜样11.be honored as 被誉为……12.be fond of/keen on ... 喜欢……13.be skilled in sth. 在……方面熟练14.develop an interest in 在……方面发展兴趣15.cause wide public concern 引起公众的广泛关注[经典佳句]1.The first computer was brought into the world by Vannevar Bush in 1931.From_then_on,_it has enriched people's whole life.第一台电脑是在1931年被范内瓦·布什发明的，从那时起，它丰富了人们的整体生活。

2.Their inventions have_contributed_to the development of the whole society.他们的发明促进了整个社会的发展。

3.He is_considered_as a creative scientist and people show great respect_to him.他被公认为一位极具创造力的科学家，人们非常尊重他。

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 1 课文与语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When the writer 1 (call) up her mother in the country on the phone, she learned that snakes came near their house and that they seemed 2 (make) their home there. The writer felt proud and considered 3 a chance for her to distinguish herself by 4 (invent) something 5 would catch snakes but not harm them. She set about 6 (research) the habits of snakes. She decided to cool them so that they could be 7 (easy) caught. However, her first two plans were not successful. As a result, she had to attempt a 8 (three) time, which helped her fulfill her aim successfully. She was 9 delighted that she was determined to send her 10 (invent) to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.2 课文与短文改错根据课文内容,对下面材料进行修改。

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions【题目优选】学校校报征集英语稿件，要求以“My favourite invention”为标题，描述你最喜欢的一种发明。

在所有的现代发明中，你最喜欢笔记本电脑(laptop)，因为它重量轻，体积小，容易携带，随处可用，学习娱乐均可。

请根据以上内容写出征文。

【经典范文】My favourite inventionWith the development of science and technology, many new inventions make our daily life easier and more convenient.Among all the inventions, I like the laptop best. Ithink it is the most amazing invention in the 20th century. Laptops are light and small, making them easy to carry.With a laptop, we can work, study and entertain ourselvesanywhere we like. A laptop can access the Internet, which enables us to get the latest information whenever we want. Using a laptop, I can keep in touch with my friends and family through e－mails and QQ at any time and in any place.I think in the future, everybody will have his or her own laptop.【名师点拨】文章运用了多样化的短语及句式结构。

Unit 3Inventors and inventionsHere was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.(教材P20)这回我有机会来表现一下自己，我要发明某种仁慈东西，既可以把蛇抓到又不会伤害到它们。

(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ distinguish...from... 使……有别于……distinguish between...and 区分/辨别……和……distinguish oneself (in/by/as ) (在……方面/ 以……/作为……)表现突出；使自己名扬(2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧distinguished adj .卓越的；著名的；杰出的be distinguished for ＝be famous/(well )known for因……而出名(3)distinguishable adj .易分辨的；能区分的 ①Reading good books enriches our mind and teaches us to distinguish between right and wrong.阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。

②Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it's important to distinguish television's influences on children from those of the family.著名心理学家丹尼尔·安德森认为区分电视和家庭对儿童的影响是很重要的。

③Distinguished (distinguish) for its magnificent church towers, the city is an attraction to visitors from all over the world.以其宏伟的教堂建筑而闻名遐迩，这座城市吸引了来自世界各地的游客。

Unit 3Inventors and inventions完形填空之利用背景常识解题方法指导解答完形填空题时,有时文章中提供的信息不够,还需要读者把头脑中储存的一般知识信息结合起来考虑,最后给出符合常识的最佳答案。

因此解答完形填空题时,考生的英语语言知识以及相关的文化、科学、历史、地理、风俗、民情等方面的知识和生活常识,都发挥着重要的作用。

这就要求学生在平时的学习生活中留心积累丰富的文化背景知识和日常生活知识,如西方国家的一些历史概况、名人、重大的节日, 西方人的工作与生活习惯、社交礼仪和习俗等,此外还要留意当今社会和学生生活息息相关的话题,如环境保护、交通问题、就业问题、人际交往问题、心理问题等,还要掌握相关的基础的科学技术知识。

当对语言的把握不很准确时,可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识,巧妙地加以运用,先找出并理解文章主题和主线,并根据主题猜测细节,注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。

这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。

典例引领I consider myself something of an expert on apologies. A quick temper has 1 me with plenty of opportunities to make them. In one of my earlier 2 , my mother was telling me “Don’t watch the 3 when you say, ‘I’m sorry’. Hold your head up and look at the person in the 4 , so he’ll know you 5 it. ”My mother thus made the key point of a(n) 6 apology: It must be direct. You must never 7 to be doing something else. You do not 8 a pile of letters while apologizing to a person 9 in position after blaming him or her for a mistake that turned out to be your 10 . You do not apologize to a hostess, whose guest of honor you treat 11 , by sending flowers the next day without mentioning your bad 12 .One of the important things we should do for an 13 apology is a readiness to 14 the responsibility for our careless mistakes. We are used to making excuses, which leaves no 15 for the other person to 16 us. Since most people are open-hearted, the no-excuse apology leaves both parties feeling 17 about themselves. That, after all, is the 18 of every apology. It 19 little whether the apologizer is wholly or only partly at fault. Answering for one’s20 encourages others to take their share of the blame.1.A.provided pared D.treated2.A.dreams B.coursesC.memories D.ideas3.A.side B.groundC.wall D.bottom4.A.mind B.soulC.face D.eye5.A.imagine B.enjoyC.mean D.regreteful B.successfulC.equal D.basic7.A.pretend B.forgetC.refuse D.expect8.A.hold on B.put awayC.look through D.pick up9.A.poorer B.weakerC.worse D.lower10.A.fault B.reasonC.result D.duty11.A.cruelly B.freelyC.roughly D.foolishly12.A.manners B.excusesC.efforts D.roles13.A.active B.effectiveC.extra D.easy14.A.raise B.performC.admit D.bear15.A.situation B.needC.sign D.room16.A.advise B.forgiveC.warn D.blame17.A.wiser B.warmerC.better D.cleverer18.A.purpose B.methodC.end D.advantage19.A.cares B.mattersC.depends D.remains20.A.facts B.statesC.rights D.actions方法运用[语篇解读] 本文阐述了一个观点,道歉要真诚,要敢于承担责任,同时也批评了一些“假”道歉的行为。