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英语名词作定语、主语、表语、宾语的语法用法1.名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。
如：Computer game(电脑游戏)，pencil box(铅笔盒)，book mark(书签) 2.名词作定语时，个别情况也用复数形式。
如：Goods train(货车)，sports meeting(运动会)3.man和woman作定语时，其本身的单复数形式与被修饰词的单复数一致。
如：A woman teacher→women teachers:a man doctor→men doctors4.复合形容词作定语，其结构是“数字+连字符+名词单数”，也可以是“数字+复数名词所有格”。
如：a two-day holiday 也可以说成a two days’holiday。
如：The color red makes people hungry .Red also makes customers eat faster.红色会使人感到饥饿，红色也会使顾客吃得更快些。
I will have a birthday party tonight.今晚我要举办一个生日聚会。
You are my only dinosaur patient!你是我唯一的恐龙患者！5.名词作主语、表语、宾语。
如：Mary’s parents work in a restaurant.玛丽的父母在一家饭店工作。
Members aer allowed to use English-English dictionaries.会员们被允许使用英英词典。
I’d love to sail across the Pacific.我想乘船横渡太平洋。
Do you hace a cheaper pair?你们有一双便宜点的吗。
It’s London.这是伦敦。
高中英语必修第三册Unit1语法精讲：动词ing形式作表语和定语一、动词-ing形式作表语动词-ing形式作表语，通常位于系动词后面，用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。
作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。
作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。
常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等，这类分词有“令人……的”之意，常修饰物。
Your speechis very interesting and encouraging.你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。
注意：不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作。
动词-ed形式作表语表示外因使之具备的性质和特征，意为“感到……的”。
My wish is to find apart-time job this summer.我的愿望就是今年夏天能找到一份兼职工作。
I was disappointed atthis decision.我对这个决定感到失望。
2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean aspossible.＝Keeping the lecture hallas clean as possible is her job.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
[名师点津](1)作表语时，系动词除be外还有appear，sound，look，become，come，get，go，grow，keep，remain，seem等。
一.定语，状语，补语，表语系统的比对，理解This is an interesting book. 这是一本有趣的书（形容词做定语，特指有趣的，不是其他无趣的）This book is interesting. 这本书很有趣。
（形容词做表语，补充说明主语the book的特质）We found this book interesting.我们发现这本书有趣。
This is an interesting book for Children. 对于儿童来说这本书是有趣的。
（for Children 对象状语）This interesting book sold well in 2016. 这本书在2016年卖的很好。
（in 2016 做时间状语，interesting做定语修饰book）其实句子结构，主，谓，宾，定，状，补。
大家可以把这些成分，用一个舞台剧去构想，就像他们互相搭配，形成的一个场景。
一场戏基本构架就是主谓宾，类似于主人公，动作，人物的特质描述或事物。
定状补：可以理解为定语人物的塑造剧本里设定好的，状语相当于情节中的环境，地点等，补语相当于事情的扩充，补充说明，类似独白。
基本的框架搭建好了，就可以排练演出了例句1She is a kind and easy-going girl with a good temper主语谓语定语宾语补语so that a lot of classmates love her.结果状语从句（classmates 配角）例句2：Jack happened meet Rose crying and standing at the verge of boat at the evening a few days ago ,he persuaded her and tried every means to save her. But it is funny that he was mistaken for a bad man who wanted to hurt Rose.Jack, Rose, boat，人物，舞台都有了。
介词短语作定语与表语的区别与应用介词短语作为英语中的修饰语，可以作为定语或表语来进一步描述名词或主语的性质、状态、时间、地点等。
在使用过程中，我们需要理解介词短语作定语与表语的区别，并且灵活应用。
一、介词短语作定语介词短语作定语时，它修饰的名词或代词并不是主语，而是一个名词短语的一部分。
它可以提供关于名词的信息，如形容词、时间、地点、方式、原因等。
1. 形容词修饰：介词短语作定语时，常常用来修饰名词的性质或特征。
例如：- The girl in blue dress is my sister.（穿蓝色连衣裙的女孩是我的姐姐。
）- The book on the table belongs to me.（桌子上的书是我的。
）2. 时间修饰：介词短语可以描述时间，指明事件发生的具体时间。
例如：- The meeting in the afternoon was very productive.（下午的会议非常有成效。
）- I love walking in the park at night.（晚上我喜欢在公园里散步。
）3. 地点修饰：介词短语可以表示事件或物体的位置。
例如：- The house by the lake is very beautiful.（湖边的房子非常漂亮。
）- I saw him on the bus yesterday.（昨天我在公交车上看到他。
）4. 方式修饰：介词短语可以描述事件的进行方式。
例如：- The girl with a big smile greeted everyone.（带着灿烂笑容的女孩向大家打招呼。
）- He solved the math problem without any difficulty.（他轻松地解决了这个数学问题。
）二、介词短语作表语介词短语作表语时，它修饰的名词或代词与主语具有等价关系，用来补充主语的信息，通常与be动词或感官动词（如appear, look, seem 等）连用。
过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语作用与用法过分(表示和被动的动作) 是有形容词.副词的作用,在句中可以用作定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语足语和状语1.定语: 过分做定语,表示分词的动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系,单一的确过去分词做定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰的名词之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句The broken window (=The window which was broken) will be replaced soon. 破损的窗户很快就会被换掉. The books bought yesterday (=which were bought yesterday) are of high quality. 昨天买的书确实很不错昨天买的书确实很不错【点拨】过去分词和与其相关的名词、代词之间构成一种"动宾关系"，即"被动态"。
过去分词作定语，主要说明"业已完成的动作"或是"一个在以前某个未知时间发生的动作" 。
单个过去分词作定语，分词一般说来写在被修饰的名词、代词之前；分词短语作定语时，分词放在被修饰词之后在被修饰词之后(1)表示情绪的过去分词作定语：表示情绪的过去分词作定语：--She threw me a quick, frightened glance.他迅速而惊恐地看了我一眼他迅速而惊恐地看了我一眼--His face wore a puzzled expression.他脸上有一种困惑的表情他脸上有一种困惑的表情--He had a pleased look on his face.他脸上现出高兴的神情他脸上现出高兴的神情--We can hear his excited voice.我们可以听到他激动的声音我们可以听到他激动的声音----The inspired soldier soon calmed down. 那个受到鼓舞的士兵很快就平静下来了那个受到鼓舞的士兵很快就平静下来了--The frightened girl sat in the corner quietly. 那位吓得惊慌的姑娘一声不响地坐在角落里。
1 高承英语专题讲义（高承英语专题讲义（5656期高二）专题一分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语（一）分词做定语单个现在分词形式或过去分词形式作定语时，一般说来放在中心词（被修饰的名词或代词）之前；现在分词形式或过去分词形式短语作定语时，现在分词形式或过去分词形式短语作定语时，放在被修饰词之后，放在被修饰词之后，放在被修饰词之后，相当于一个相当于一个定语从句。
1) That is an interesting TV series. 那是一部非常有趣的电视剧。
那是一部非常有趣的电视剧。
2) The girl s itting sitting by my side is my cousin. 坐在我旁边的是我表妹。
坐在我旁边的是我表妹。
3) The excited children were opening their Christmas presents. 兴奋的孩子们正在打开他们的圣诞礼物。
4) They reduced the number of animals used in experiment s . 他们减少了用于试验的动物数量。
【used in experiments = which were used in experiments 】（二）分词做表语现在分词作表语表示主语的特征，常用于事物；过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，常用于人。
1) The news is really exciting . 那消息真让人兴奋。
2) She looked disappointed after she lost the game. 输掉那场比赛后，她看上去很失望。
（三）分词做宾语补足语现在分词形式和过去分词形式可作复合宾语中的补足语。
1. 在表示感觉和心理状态的动词see 、hear 、feel 、smell 、listen(to)、notice 、observe 、smell 、watch 这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟“宾语+现在分词”的复合结构，这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词（人名等），也可以是代词宾格（him 、us 等）。
定语和表语的区别定义：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
充当定语的有：主要由形容词担任。
此外，名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式（短语）、分词和定语从句等都可用作定语。
形容词作定语：The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语：His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
介词短语作定语：The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom./穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。
名词作定语：The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
分词作定语、表语（一）分词做定语单个现在分词形式或过去分词形式作定语时，一般说来放在中心词（被修饰的名词或代词）之前；现在分词形式或过去分词形式短语作定语时，放在被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。
1) That is an interesting TV series. 那是一部非常有趣的电视剧。
2) The girl sitting by my side is my cousin. 坐在我旁边的是我表妹。
3) The excited children were opening their Christmas presents.兴奋的孩子们正在打开他们的圣诞礼物。
4) They reduced the number of animals used in experiment s.他们减少了用于试验的动物数量。
【used in experiments = which were used in experiments】（二）分词做表语现在分词作表语表示主语的特征，常用于事物；过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，常用于人。
1) The news is really exciting. 那消息真让人兴奋。
2) She looked disappointed after she lost the game.输掉那场比赛后，她看上去很失望。
（练习一）1. I don't know the girl ______ in the snow storm.A. to catchB. caughtC. catchingD. to be catching2. The girl _______ down by a car was dying.A. knockB. knockingC. knockedD. to knock3. The foreign guests, ________ by an interpreter, came out of the hall.A. followingB. to followC. followedD. to be followed4. The problem _______ so quickly last evening will not be set again anywhere.A. having been settledB. settle B. be settled D. settled5. There was an _________ look on his face when the actress appeared.A. excitedB. exciteC. excitingD. excitement6. The children __________ at the hospital yesterday were seriously ill.A. to examineB. examinedC. examineD. examining7. He talked about his suggestions _________ by you yesterday.A. been turned downB. turned downC. to be turned downD. to turn down8. This is the package ________ at the post office last night.A. be weighedB. to be weighedC. to weighD. weighed9. An island is a small piece of land _______ by water.A. surroundedB. surroundingC. to be surroundedD. being surrounded10. The managers will again discuss the plan _______ last week.A. carried outB. carrying outC. carry outD. to carry out11. After the heavy rain, many cars got ________ in the mud.A. catchB. catchingC. caughtD. being caught12. What surprised me most was that the leader of that country got ________ .A. killB. killingC. killedD. to be killed13. When I went in, they were ________ in a heated discussion.A. absorbB. absorbedC. absorbingD. being absorbed14. A cook will be fired immediately if he is found _____ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked15. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself _____.A. hearB. to hearC. hearingD. heard（练习二）1. Prices of daily goods ______ through Internet can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying2. Tom sounds very _______ in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it.A. interestedB. interestingC. interestingly3. When _______, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. completedB. completingC. being completedD. to be completed4. This plant is so vulnerable(脆弱的) that once _______ by any disease, it can’t survive.A. attacksB. having attackC. attackingD. attacked5. Linda worked for the Minnesota(美国.明尼苏达州) Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ as 3M.A. knowingB. knownC. being knownD. to be known6. The pilot asked all the passengers on board remain ______ as the plane was making a landing.A. seatB. seatingC. seatedD. to be seating7. ——I’m very ______ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.—— Mm, It does have a ______ smell.A. pleasant; pleasedB. pleased; pleasedC. pleasant; pleasantD. pleased; pleasant8. Though ______ rather tired, he insisted on helping the old lady carry the box.A. feelingB. feelsC. feltD. was feeling9. ______ in a hurry, this novel was not as good as his previous one.A. WritingB. WrittenC. To be writeD. To be written10. From the _______ expression on his face, I know he lost the game.A. disappointedB. disappointingC. to be disappointD. to disappoint（练习一）1-5 BCCDA 6-10 BBDAA 11-15 CCB BD（练习二）1-5 BAADB 6-10 CDABA。
