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75％肟菌酯戊唑醇水分散粒剂防治黄瓜炭疽病药效试验郭世保;陈俊华;史洪中;胡孔峰;熊建伟【摘要】为明确75％肟菌酯·戊唑醇水分散粒剂对黄瓜植株的安全性,采用浸种及茎叶喷雾处理的方法测定其对不同生长时期黄瓜植株的影响,并在田间进行防治炭疽病的药效试验,综合评价肟菌酯·戊唑醇对黄瓜炭疽病的防治效果.结果表明,肟菌酯·戊唑醇浸种对炭疽病的发生具有较好的预防效果,对黄瓜株高和根长的抑制率、茎周增长率与已唑醇相比均较低;肟菌酯·戊唑醇60 mg/L处理在幼苗期和开花期施药对黄瓜株高的抑制率分别为16.24％和4.66％,显著低于已唑醇;肟菌酯·戊唑醇对黄瓜炭疽病的田间防治效果为72.93％～84.97％,与己唑醇防效相当,明显高于阿米西达.说明肟菌酯·戊唑醇对黄瓜生长安全且对炭疽病有较好的防治效果,是防治炭疽病的较好轮换药剂.【期刊名称】《广东农业科学》【年(卷),期】2013(040)015【总页数】3页(P96-98)【关键词】肟菌酯·戊唑醇;安全性;黄瓜炭疽病;防治效果【作者】郭世保;陈俊华;史洪中;胡孔峰;熊建伟【作者单位】信阳农林学院农业科学系,河南信阳 464000;信阳市无公害植物保护工程技术研究中心,河南信阳 464000;信阳农林学院农业科学系,河南信阳 464000;信阳农林学院农业科学系,河南信阳 464000;信阳农林学院农业科学系,河南信阳464000;信阳农林学院农业科学系,河南信阳 464000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S482.2黄瓜炭疽病是由刺盘孢菌（Colletotrichum lagenarium）侵染引起的一种广泛发生的黄瓜生产中的重要病害之一[1-2]。
该病在全国各地均有发生，严重棚室病株率达100%，产量损失40%以上[3-4]。
目前该病仍以化学防治为主，国内登记用于瓜类炭疽病防治的药剂主要有三唑类和甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂。
2024年06版小学三年级上册英语上册试卷(含答案)考试时间：90分钟（总分:100）A卷一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. 听力题：I can ___ to music. (listen)2. 填空题：The jellyfish floats gracefully in the ______ (海洋).3. 选择题：What is the term for a baby kangaroo?A. JoeyB. CubC. KidD. Lamb答案: A4. 选择题：What is the largest ocean?A. AtlanticB. IndianC. ArcticD. Pacific5. 选择题：Which gas do we breathe out?A. OxygenB. Carbon dioxideC. NitrogenD. Hydrogen答案:B6. 填空题：The wolf howls at the ________________ (月亮).What do we call a sweet drink made from fermented grapes?A. WineB. CiderC. MeadD. Ale8. 听力题：A __________ is a chemical change that produces light and heat.9. 听力题：The chemical formula for ricinoleic acid is ______.10. 听力题：The process of evaporation can lead to __________ of solutions.11. 选择题：What do you call a person who cuts hair?A. BarberB. StylistC. HairdresserD. Cosmetologist答案: A12. 听力题：The cupcakes are very ___. (sweet)13. 填空题：The _____ (小鸭) follows its mother everywhere it goes.14. ower brought the first Pilgrims to ________ (美洲). 填空题：The Medi15. 选择题：What is the capital of Greece?A. AthensB. ThessalonikiC. PatrasD. Heraklion答案: A16. 听力题：A group of wolves is called a ______.17. 听力题：The __________ is a hot, dry area with sand and little rain.What is the opposite of 'hot'?A. ColdB. WarmC. CoolD. Scorching19. 听力题：The chemical symbol for promethium is _____.20. 听力题：A solution with a pH of is considered _______.21. 填空题：The __________ (植物的适应) is amazing to observe.22. 听力题：The milk is in the ___. (fridge)23. 填空题：The _______ (狐狸) has sharp eyes.24. 听力题：We are ______ (going) to the beach.25. 听力题：A circuit can be powered by batteries or a ______ source.26. 选择题：What do you call the study of weather?A. GeographyB. MeteorologyC. ClimatologyD. Astronomy答案:B27. 选择题：What is the main source of light during the day?A. MoonB. SunC. StarsD. Clouds28. 听力题：The chemical formula for sodium bicarbonate is _____.The first Olympic Games were held in ________ (古希腊).30. 选择题：Which animal is known for building dams?A. BeaverB. RabbitC. SquirrelD. Mouse31. 听力题：A solution that is uniform throughout is called a _______ mixture.32. 填空题：The ________ was a significant conflict in the history of Asia.33. 听力题：The chemical formula for ammonium sulfate is _______.34. 填空题：_____ (aloe) is great for soothing skin.35. 听力题：The __________ is a large area of land that is not covered by water.36. 填空题：The __________ (历史的流动) marks progress.37. 填空题：I have a toy _______ that can dig in the sand at the beach.38. 填空题：A chameleon can change its ______ (颜色).39. 填空题：My favorite game is ______ (国际象棋). I enjoy thinking carefully about my ______ (策略).40. 填空题：The ancient Greeks made significant contributions to ________ (数学).41. 填空题：The __________ (历史的交流) fosters understanding.The __________ helps some birds to swim in water.43. 选择题：What do you call the outer layer of the Earth?a. Coreb. Mantlec. Crustd. Surface答案:c44. 选择题：What do we call the process of water turning into vapor?A. MeltingB. EvaporationC. FreezingD. Condensation答案: B45. 填空题：I have a _____ (书包) that carries all my school supplies. 我有一个书包，装着我所有的学习用品。
2017年12月16日托福阅读考试预测题目Title：The Cambrian ExplosionThe earliest fossil evidence for eukaryotes complex organisms whose cells contain a distinct nucleus dates to only about 1.2 billionyears ago. The fossil record suggests that animal evolution progressedslowly, with relatively little change seen between fossils from 1.2 billion years ago and those from a half-billion years later. But thensomething quite dramatic happened as can be judged by the manydifferent animal groups that suddenly appear in the fossil record.Biologists classify animals according to their basic body plans. For example, the basic body plan shared by mammals and reptiles is fundamentally different from that of insects.Animals are grouped by body plan into what biologists call phyla. Mammals and reptiles both belong to the single phylum Chordata, which includes animals with internal skeletons. Insects, crabs, and spiders belong to the phylum Arthropoda, which contains animals with body features such as jointed legs, an external skeleton, and segmented bodies. Classifying animals into phyla is an ongoing project for biologists, but modern animals appear to comprise about 30 different phyla, each representing a different body plan.Remarkably, nearly all of these different body plans, plus a few others that have gone extinct, make their first known appearance in the geological record during a period spanning only about 40 million years less than about 1 percent of Earth's history. This remarkable flowering of animal diversity appears to have begun about 545 million years ago, which corresponds to the start of the Cambrian period. Hence it is called the Cambrian explosion.The fact that the Cambrian explosion marks the only major diversification of body plans in the geological record presents us with two important and related questions: Why, so long after the origin of eukaryotes, did the pace of evolution suddenly accelerate dramatically at the beginning of the Cambrian, and why hasn't there been another period of similarly explosive diversification since then We can identify at least four factors that might have contributed to the Cambrian explosion. First, the oxygen level in our atmosphere may have remained well below its present level until about the time of the Cambrian explosion. Thus, the rapid diversification in animal life may have occurred at least in part because oxygen reached a critical level for the survival of larger and more energy-intensive life forms.A second factor that may have been important was the evolution of genetic complexity.As eukaryotes evolved, they developedmore and more genetic variation in their DNA. Some scientists believe that the Cambrian explosion marks the point at which organismsdeveloped certain kinds of genes (homeobox genes) that control body form and that could be combined in different ways, allowing the evolution of a great diversity of forms over time。
小学上册英语第1单元期中试卷(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The chemical symbol for nickel is _____.2.I make _____ (晚餐) for my family.3.We are going to the ___. (beach) this summer.4.The rabbit hops over the ______.5.What do you call a collection of poetry published together?A. AnthologyB. CollectionC. VolumeD. Book答案: A6. A _______ (小鲸鱼) can sing songs underwater.7. A _____ (植物研究计划) can address global challenges.8.I enjoy making ________ (生日蛋糕) for friends.9.My mom is a great __________ (家长) who supports us.10.The __________ (悬崖) is dangerous but beautiful.11. A __________ is a type of chemical bond formed by sharing electrons.12. A saturated fat is ______ at room temperature.13.My grandpa enjoys gardening ____.14.My teacher is _______ (友好的).15.Solids have tightly packed ______.16.The classroom is _____ (clean/dirty).17.What do you call the process of plants making their own food?A. PhotosynthesisB. RespirationC. FermentationD. Transpiration答案:A18.We have a ______ (丰富的) calendar of events.19. A jellyfish has a gelatinous ______ (身体).20._____ (温带) plants can survive in seasonal changes.21.My dad is a strong __________ (支持者) of my education.22. A cat's purring can soothe ______ (焦虑) feelings.23.The antelope gracefully moves through the grasslands, a testament to speed and ____.24.My aunt is very _______ (形容词). 她总是 _______ (动词).25.Many flowers are ______ (一年生) and die after one season.26.The capital of the Cayman Islands is __________.27.I enjoy playing in the ______ (秋天) leaves when they turn bright ______ (颜色).28.They are ___ a movie. (watching)29.I enjoy ______ (探索) the world around me.30.The element with the chemical symbol Fe is _______.31.I find _____ (乐趣) in reading.32.The chemical formula for silver acetate is _______.33. (Renaissance) artists were supported by wealthy patrons. The ____34.I have _____ (three/four) pets.35.What is the coldest season of the year?A. SpringB. SummerC. FallD. Winter答案:D.Winter36.What is the name of the sweet food made from chocolate and cream?A. GanacheB. FrostingC. MousseD. Pudding答案: C37. A ____(community development) focuses on improving living conditions.38.The process of combining elements to form compounds is called ______.39. A hamster can run for hours on its ______ (轮子).40. A __________ is a common example of a base.41.The museum is very _______ (有教育意义的).42.What is the main ingredient in sushi?A. NoodlesB. RiceC. BreadD. Potatoes答案: B43.I can ______ (dance) with my friends.44.What is the name of the famous landmark in the USA?A. Statue of LibertyB. Washington MonumentC. Golden Gate BridgeD. All of the above答案: D. All of the above45.She is a friendly ________.46.I want a pet _______ (fish).47.I like to _______ (paint) with watercolors.48. A __________ is a narrow valley.49.The __________ helps some animals to glide through the air.50.The chemical formula for boric acid is ______.51.The playground is ________ (适合孩子们).52.She is a _____ (历史学家) who studies ancient civilizations.53.I go to school by ______.54.What is the name of the famous painting by Van Gogh?A. The Starry NightB. The ScreamC. Girl with a Pearl EarringD. The Mona Lisa答案:A.The Starry Night55.The chemical name for HO is _______.56.What do we call the famous American holiday celebrated on July 4th?A. ThanksgivingB. Independence DayC. Memorial DayD. Labor Day 答案:B58.The ancient Egyptians kept _______ as pets. (猫)59.The ancient Romans had a system of laws known as ________.60.The ancient Romans built _____ to celebrate their victories.61.I love to explore ________ (村庄) during vacations.62.I think animals are very _______ (形容词). They bring joy and _______ (快乐) to our lives.63. A __________ is a small body of water, usually smaller than a lake.64. (Magna Carta) was signed in 1215 to limit the power of the king. The ____65.The ancient Greeks believed in the importance of ________ (艺术).66.What is 60 ÷ 3?A. 15B. 20C. 25D. 30答案:b67.What do you call the person who helps you in a gym?A. TrainerB. ChefC. DoctorD. Teacher答案: A68.The apples are _______ (ripe) and ready to eat.69. A ______ has a unique pattern on its fur.70. (18) is the imaginary line that divides the Earth into northern and southern halves. The ____71.The chemical formula for magnesium oxide is _____.72.Which animal lives in a den?A. WolfB. EagleC. FishD. Frog答案:A73.The penguin waddles across the ______ (冰).74.My mom enjoys __________ (与朋友聚会).75.In _____ (日本), sushi is a popular dish.76.My brother is my best _______ who plays games with me.78.In the garden, I planted _____ (多种) vegetables like carrots and tomatoes.79.The ______ teaches us about climate change.80.Carbon dioxide is produced when we __________ (呼吸).81.The crow is known for its ________________ (智慧).82. A squirrel's diet consists mainly of ______ (坚果) and grains.83.The chemical formula for glucose is ______.84.The chemical symbol for promethium is _____.85.How many colors are in a standard rainbow?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 8答案:C86.n Wall fell in _____. The Berl87.The reaction between an acid and a base produces ______.88.The forecast says it might ______ (下雨) this evening.89.My teacher teaches us . (我的老师教我们。
快速检测水果中的多效唑残留研究【课题分析部分】1多效唑是２０世纪８０年代末开发出的一种三唑类植物生长调节剂在果树上使用可以控制过量的营养生长促进成花提高产量应用广泛但多效唑在土壤中易被吸附且降解慢易累积加之果农大量施用或使用方法不当有可能导致果实中的残留量过高对人身安全产生危害瑞典等欧洲国家现已在果树上禁用多效唑日本新西兰韩国和澳大利亚等国家也制定了多效唑在多种水果中的最大残留限量。
目前我国仅规定了苹果中多效唑的最大残留限量值０．５ｍｇｋｇ２多效唑（Paclobutrazol）是三唑类植物生长延缓剂，广泛应用于蔬菜生产中，具有延缓植物生长抑制茎枝伸长促进分蘖促进成花和座果增强抗旱及抗寒性提高耐盐性和延缓植物衰老等多种效应。
现在国内已有水果粮谷等多效唑的检测方法，而蔬菜中残留的检测方法仍少见，用气相色谱-质谱测定蔬菜中多效唑残留量的方法却未见报道该文采用乙腈作为提取液，通过对弗罗里硅土净化柱洗脱行为的优化，建立了用气相色谱-质谱选择离子方式测定蔬菜中多效唑的方法，该方法简便快捷准确。
目前多效唑残留的提取方法已多有报道，如采用乙腈或丙酮浸泡提取样品中的多效唑，采用丙酮或水或８０％甲醇提取样品中的多效唑，二氯甲烷反提，过层析柱或弗罗里硅土柱净化。
国家标准ＧＢＴ１９６４８－２００６１２采用乙腈提取样品再用活性碳柱和氨基柱净化但这些前处理方法步骤繁琐耗时称样量大，有机溶剂消耗量也大。
近年来农药残留分析的样品前处理方法正向简单化节约化和微型化方向发展。
农药残留快速检测是２００３年由Anastassiades与Lehota y首次提出并予以报道其技术核心是在样品提取液中加入除水剂和净化剂以除去多余的水分和杂质净化液经离心后直接进行分析。
多效唑残留检测的方法主要有气相色谱法，液相色谱法，气相色谱－质谱法和液相色谱－串联质谱法。
2所属学科为理工科食品检测，关键词：快速检测，水果，多效唑，农药残留Keywords:quick test，fruit，paclobutrazol，pesticide residue维普中文期刊数据库，中国硕士学位论文全文数据库，中国期刊全文数据库，ISI Web of Knowledge，Engineering Village，Elsevier SDOL等几种数据库进行研究。
四环素的英语单词The English word for "四环素" is "Tetracycline".Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that belongs to the tetracycline class of antibiotics. It is commonly used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and sexually transmitted diseases. Tetracycline works by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria by interfering with their protein synthesis.The name "tetracycline" comes from the fact that the molecular structure of the drug contains four fused six-membered rings, which are characteristic of thetetracycline class of antibiotics. Tetracycline was first discovered in the 1940s and has been widely used in the treatment of various bacterial infections since then.Tetracycline is typically administered orally, either in the form of capsules or tablets. It is also available in topical formulations, such as ointments and creams, for the treatment of skin infections. The dosage and duration of treatment with tetracycline can vary depending on thespecific infection being treated and the severity of the condition.In addition to its antimicrobial properties,tetracycline has also been studied for its potential use in other medical applications, such as the treatment of acne, rosacea, and certain types of cancer. However, the use of tetracycline in these non-antimicrobial applications is generally more limited and requires careful considerationof the potential risks and benefits.Overall, tetracycline is an important and widely used antibiotic that plays a crucial role in the treatment of bacterial infections. Its broad-spectrum activity,relatively low cost, and long history of use have made it a valuable tool in the field of infectious disease management.四环素是一种广谱抗生素,属于四环素类抗生素。
欧盟现行柑桔属水果农药残留限量标准欧盟现行柑桔属水果农药残留限量标准◆周华伟柑桔是我国种植面积最大,产量仅次于苹果的大宗水果,同时我国也是全球最大的柑桔生产国.随着我国柑桔产业的迅速发展,柑桔出口量也逐年增加,对促进我国柑桔产业的发展起到了积极的推动作用.由于进口国对柑桔的安全卫生越来越重视.且出于贸易保护的需要,国际上许多柑桔进口国尤其是欧美发达国家都设置了严苛的农药残留限量标准.我国出口企业如不重视进口国农药残留限量标准将可能遭遇退货,通报等一系列严重后果.因此,及时关注国外的农药残留限量标准显得尤为重要.以欧盟国家为主体的欧洲地区是我国柑桔重要的出口市场之一.据商务部外贸司统计数据显示.2010年.我国对欧洲出口柑桔属水果数量为18.41万t,出口金额为1.3亿美元,分别占我国柑桔属水果出口总量的20%和出口总额的21%同时.欧盟对进VI农产品的检验检疫要求非常严格.我国出口欧盟的农产品常因农药残留超标等问题被欧盟官方通报.鉴于表1欧盟柑桔属水果农药残留限量标准无公害生产此,笔者从欧盟官方网站下载,翻译了欧盟现行柑桔属水果农药残留限量标准,共403项(见表1),供各方参考.因欧盟经常通过修改相关指令对相关农药残留项目和限量进行修改.对于具体的柑桔品种如柠檬,葡萄柚等也有额外的农药残留限量标准.同时,因笔者水平所限,翻译等难免有谬误之处,因此有关方面采用相关数据作为参考时.应从欧盟官方网站下载相应的柑桔品种最新数据.英文名称中文名称限量/mg?kg英文名称中文名称限量/rag?kg- 1,l-diehlo2,'2..二(40_()1(4forchlorfenuron杀螨脒0.05*-ethylpheny1)ethane(F)苯)乙烷…1,,2-dibmm..hne,1,2一二溴乙烷0.O1formetanate安果0.05*f ethyleneibromide)(F1一………',一di.Oh,二氯乙烷0.01formothion三乙膦酸铝0.02*fethylenedichloride)(F1一…1,3一dichloropropenel,3一二氯丙烯0.05*fosetyl—al噻唑硫磷75 l—naphthvIacetamidel一萘乙酰胺0.05*fosthiazate玫穗宁0.02*1一naphthylacetieacid】一萘乙酸0.05*fuberidazole呋线威0.05*1-methylcyclopropene1一甲基环丙烯0.o1furathiocarb糠醛0.05*2,4DB2,4DB0.05*furfural赤霉酸12.,4,5～T(,F)2.,4,5一三氯苯氧乙酸0.05*gibberellicacid酰胺磺隆52.,4-D2,,4～D1guazatine双胍辛胺52-phenylphenol2-苯基苯酚5halosulfuronmethyl氯吡嘧磺隆0.01"abamectin(F)阿维菌素0.01$haloxyfop(F)高效盖草能0.05*acephate乙酰甲胺磷0.02*heptaehlo(Ft七氯0.01acetaniprid啶虫脒1hexachlorobenzene(F1六氯苯0.01"acetochlor乙草胺0.02hexachlorociclohexane(hch【1六六六0.O1{ acibenzolar—S—methyl阿拉酸式苯一S一甲基0.02*hexaconazole己唑醇0.02* aclonifen苯草醚0.05*hexythiazox噻螨酮12011年第28卷第9期呷围熏罐续表1称.中文名称I~:/mg?kg英文名称中文名称限:~/mg?kg-'0.05*50.05*0.05*0.01木acrinathrin(alachloraldrinanddieldrin ametoctradin amidosulfuron. aminopyralid amisfilhromamitrazamitrole''一●an.ilazinearamite(F)asulamatrazine(F) azimsulfuron azinphos-ethyl(F)? azinphos-methyl(F) azoeyclotinandcyhexatin azoxystrobin'barban(F) beflubutamid bhnalaxyl benfluralinff) benfuracarb. bentazone1●-bentlliavalicarhb'ifenazatebifenox(F)bifenthfin(F) binapaeryl(F) bitertanol(n bixafen【boscalid(F) bromideion bromophos—ethyl bromoxynil(F) bromueonazole(F) bupirimate buprofezin(F) butralinbutylate camphechlor(F} captafol(F) captan.carbaryl(F) carbetamide carbofuFan carbosulfan氟丙菊酯甲草胺艾氏剂和狄氏剂辛唑嘧菌胺酰嘧磺隆氯氨基吡啶酸吲唑磺菌胺双甲脒.敌菌灵杀螨特.磺草灵莠去津四唑嘧磺隆益棉磷谷速松三唑锡和三环锡总量嘧菌酯燕麦灵'氟丁酰草胺本达乐.氟草胺.免扶克'灭草松苯噻菌胺联苯肼酯比芬诺.联苯菊酯乐杀螨双苯三唑醇吡啶基乙基苯甲酰胺类杀菌剂啶酰菌胺溴乙基溴硫磷溴苯腈乙嘧酚磺酸酯噻嗪酮丁乐灵丁草特毒杀芬敌菌丹克菌丹甲萘威卡草胺克百威丁硫克百威0.20.05*0.010.0l0.01"0.010.0l术-0.05*0010.050.010.50.05●0.O2l木●0.02*0.050.2●150.05*,0.05●●0.05 0,05 0.05*●010.O1●0.01{ 0.10.1'0.05* 0.05* 0.01 0.05300.05 0.05 0.05 0.05110.02 0.050.020.020.050.050.30.05*}lymexazolimazalil1111dEVil10X imazaquin imazosulfur0n imidacloprid indoxacarb(F) iodosulfuron-methyl 'ioxynilipconazole iprovalicarb~soproturonis'oxaben isoxaflutole kresoxim—methyl(F) laetofen lambda—cyhalothrjn( lenacilgamma-BHC(F) linuronlufenuron∞mcpaandmcpb(F)malathion maleichydrazide mandipropamid-.mecarbam mecoprop mepanipyfim meplquatmepronil meptyldinocap mercurycompounds mesosulfuron—methyl mesotrione metaflumizone metalaxyl metaldehyde metamitron metazachlor metconazole(F) methacrifos(F) methamidophOS metholachIor methomvlandthiodicarb methoprene methoxychlor(F) methoxyfenoziderF1恶霉灵:土菌消烯菌灵;抑霉唑甲氧眯草烟灭草喹依速隆吡虫啉茚虫威甲基碘磺隆碘苯腈种菌唑异丙菌胺异丙隆异嗯草胺异嗯唑草酮醚菌酯'克阔乐高三氟氯氰菊酯环草定林丹利谷隆-氯芬新氯丁酸.马拉硫磷抑芽丹双炔酰菌胺灭蚜磷高二甲四氯丙酸嘧菌胺助壮素灭锈胺汞化合物甲基二磺隆硝草酮氰氟虫腙精甲霜灵四聚乙醛苯嗪草酮吡唑草胺灭特座虫螨畏甲胺磷丙甲草胺10.02*0.02*0.05*0.0l水0.05*0.05*0.02*0.05*O.05*0.01半0.20.1冰0.01木0.05*10.05*O.2木0.Ol木0.05*0.05*0.O1木0.05*0.05*0.05*0.01术0.0l水0.05*0.05*灭多威和硫双灭多威烯虫酯甲氧滴滴涕甲氧虫酰肼0.50.05*0.1木O.1木0.02*0.05*0.Ol丰0.05*0.O20.05*0.Ol木1)V o1.28No.092011无公害生产/龋续表1英文名称中文名称限量/mg?kg一英文名称中文名称限量/mg?kg—carboxin萎锈灵0.05metosulam磺草唑胺0.Ol carfentmzone—ethyl内/表氟唑草酮0.01metrafenone苯菌酮0.05* chlorantraniliprole氯虫酰胺0.01metribuzin嗪草酮0.1 chlorbenside(Fl氯杀螨0.01metsulfuron—methyl甲黄隆0.05 chlorbufam氯炔灵0.05mevinphos速灭磷0.01chlordanelF)'氯丹0.叭milbemeetin密灭汀0,05chlordecone(F1十氯酮(开蓬)0.02molinate禾草特0.05* chlorfenapyr溴虫腈;除尽0.05*monolinuron绿谷隆0.05* chlorfenson(F1杀螨酯0.01monuron灭草隆0.05*chloridazon杀草敏0.1$myclobutanyl腈菌唑3chlormequat矮壮素0.05napropamide敌草胺0.05chlorobenzilate(F1乙酯杀螨醇0.02*nicosulfuron烟嘧磺隆0.05* chloropicrin氯化苦0.01nitrofen(F)除草醚0.01chlomthalonil百菌清O.O1novaluron(F~双苯氟脲杀虫剂0.01$ chlorotolumn绿麦隆0.05*orthosulfamuron磺酰脲0.O1 ehloroxuron(F~'枯草隆0.05*oryzalin氨磺乐灵0.O1chlorpropham(F)氯苯胺灵0.05oxadiargyl炔恶草酮0.O1 chlorsutfuron氯磺隆0.05*oxadiazon恶草酮0.05 chlorthal—dimethyl敌草索0.01oxadixyl恶霜灵0.01chlorthiamid草克乐0.2oxasulfuron环氧嘧磺隆0.05*chlozolinate乙菌利0.05*oxycarboxin氧化萎锈灵0.05 chromafenozide环虫酰肼O.O1oxydemeton—methyl乙酰甲胺磷0.O1 cinidon—ethyl吲哚酮草酯0.05*oxytluorfen乙氧氟草醚0.05* clethodim烯草酮0.1paelobutrazol多效唑0.5clodinafop(F-)炔草酸0.02*paraquat百草枯0.02*clofentezine四螨嗪0.5parathion(F)对硫磷0.05*c'lomazone异嗯草酮O.01parathion—methyl甲基对硫磷0.02*clopyralitl二氯吡啶甲酸0.5penconazole(F1戊菌唑0.05c[othian{din噻虫胺0.1p~ncyeuron(F1戊菌隆05$coppercompounds(cdpper)波尔多等铜制剂20pendimethalin(F)二甲戊乐灵0.05* cyafiamide氰胺0.05*penoxstllam五氟磺草胺0.01cyazofamid氰霜唑0.0lp~rmethrin氯菊酯0.05*cyclanilide(.F)环丙酸酰胺0.05*pethoxamid烯草胺0.O1cy'cloxydim噻草酮0.05*phenmedipham甜菜宁0.05*cyflufenamid环氟菌胺0.02*phenothrin苯醚菊酯0.05*cyfluthrin(F)氟氯氰菊酯0.02*phorate甲拌磷0.05*cyhalofop—butyl氰氟草酯0.02*phosalone伏杀硫磷0.05*cymoxanil霜脲氰0.05*phosmet亚胺硫磷0.2cypermethrin(F)氯氰菊酯2phosphamidon磷胺0.Olcyproconazole(F1环唑醇0.05*phosphinesandphosphides膦和磷化物0.05 cyprodinil(F)嘧菌环胺0.05*phoxim(F)辛硫磷0.01cyromazine灭蝇胺0.05*picloram毒莠定0.olddt滴滴涕0.05*picolinafen氟吡酰草胺0.05*dnoc4,6一二硝基邻甲酚0.05*picoxystrobin(F)啶氧菌酯0.05*dalapon茅草枯0.05*pinoxaden唑啉草酯0.02*daminozide比久0.02*pirimicarb抗蚜威3dazomet棉隆0.02*prochloraz咪鲜胺10deltamethrin(F)溴氰菊酯0.05*procymidone腐霉利0.02*2011年第28卷第9期中围寡箱27续表l英文名称中文名称限量/nag?kg英文名称中文名称限量/nag?kg-' desmediphamdiallatediazinon(F)dicambadichlorprop dichlorvos dielofopdicofol(F) diethofencarb difenoconazole diflubenzuron(F) diflufenican dimethaehlor dimethenamid～p dimethipin dimethoate dimethomorph dimoxystrobin diniconazole dinocap(F) dinosebdinoterb dioxathion diphenylamine diquatdisulfoton(F) dithiocarbamates diurondodine emamectinbenzoate …endrin epoxiconazole(F)ethephon etlIirimol ethofu【mesate ethoprophos ethoxyquin(F) ethoxysulfuron ethyleneoxide(F) etofenprox(F) etoxazo|e etridiazole famoxadone fenamidone fenamiphos fenarimol甜安宁燕麦敌二嗪磷麦草畏;百草敌敌草腈2,4一滴丙酸敌敌畏禾草灵三氯杀螨醇乙霉威恶醚唑除虫脲吡氟酰草胺二甲草胺甲酚噻草胺噻节因乐果烯酰吗啉醚菌胺烯唑醇敌螨普地乐酚特乐酚二恶磷二苯胺敌草快乙拌磷腈硫醌二硫代氨基甲酸盐多果定因灭汀氟环唑丙草丹乙丁烯氟灵乙烯利乙嘧酚乙氧呋草黄灭线磷乙氧基喹啉亚速隆环氧乙烷醚菊酯环氧乙烷恶唑菌酮咪唑菌酮苯线磷氯苯嘧啶醇0.05*0.05*0.O1木0.O5车O.10.O5水0.O1术0.05*'0.05*0.110.05*0.02*0.01木0.1木0.02*0.05半0.01木0.O5半0.05*0.05*0.05*0.05*0.05*0.02*50.10.2术0.01半0.01丰0.05*0.02*0.05*0:050.05*0.02*0.05*0.05*0.1丰10.10.05*0.02*0.02*0.02*0.02* profenofos(F) profoxydim prohexadione propachlor propanil propaquizafop propargite(F)propiconazole propineb propisoehlor propoxyearbazone propyzamide(F) proquinazid prosulfoearb prosulfuron prothioconazole pymetrozine pyraclostrobin(F) pyraflufen-ethyl pyrasulfutole pyrazophos(F) pyrethrins pyridaben(F) pyridalyl pyridate pyrimethanil pyriproxyfen(F) pyroxsulam quinalphos quinclorac quinmerac quinoxyfen(F) quintozene(F) quizalofop resmethrin1 rimsulfumnsilthiofam spinetoram spinosad(F) spiromesifen spirotetramat spiroxamine suleotrione SUlfosulfuron sulfurylfluoride 丙溴磷环苯草酮调环酸毒草胺敌稗普拔草炔螨特苯胺灵丙环唑丙森锌异丙草胺丙苯磺隆戊炔草胺丙氧喹啉苄草丹氟磺隆丙硫菌唑吡蚜酮唑菌胺酯磺酰草吡脱吡嘧磷除虫菊素哒螨酮啶虫丙醚哒草特嘧霉胺吡丙醚甲氧磺草胺喹硫磷二氯喹啉酸喹草酸快诺芬五氯硝基苯喹禾灵苄呋菊酯玉嘧磺隆鱼藤酮硅噻菌胺多菌虫素多杀菌素螺甲螨酯螺虫乙酯葚孢菌素磺草酮磺酰磺隆硫酰氟硫0.05*0.05* 0.O5宰0.1丰0.O5木3O.O5丰0.05* 0.05* 0.0l丰0.02* 0.02* 0.02* 0.05* 0.02* O.O2卑0.3l0.02* 0.Ol丰0.05* 1O.5 0.01 0.05* l00.60.0l丰0.05* 0.05*0.02*0.02*0.05*0.1半0.05*O.01木0.O5木0.20-30.02*0.05*0.05*0.05*0.O1书28lV o1.28No.092011无公害生产/确续表1英文名称中文名称限量/mg?kg英文名称中文名称限量/mg?kg fenazaquin喹螨醚0.5TEPP焦磷酸四乙酯0.01 fenbutatinoxide(F)苯丁锡5fluvalinate(F)氟胺氰菊酯0.1 fenchlorphos皮蝇磷0.01tebufenozide(F)抑虫肼2 fenhexamid环酰菌胺0.05tebufenpyrad(F1吡螨胺0.5 fenitrothion杀螟硫磷0.01tenazene(F)四氯硝基苯0.05* fenoxaprop—P精恶唑禾草灵0.1teflubenzuron伏虫脲0.05* fenoxycarb双氧威2tembotrione暂无中文名0.02* fenpropathrin甲氰菊酯2tepraloxydim得杀草0.1$ fenpropidin苯锈啶0.05terbufos丁硫磷0.01fenpropimorph丁苯吗啉0.05terbuthylazine草净津0.1fentinacetate(n三苯醋锡0.05tetraconazole(F)氟醚唑0.02*fentinhydroxide(F1三苯基氢氧化锡0.05*thiabendazole噻菌灵5nvma.nctesfenvalerale璺菊酯(RR与SS异0.02*thiacloprid(F)噻虫啉0.02*(sumofRR&SSisomers)(F)构体1fenvaleratea—ndesnvalerate氰戊菊酯(RsSR异0.4thiamethoxam噻虫嗪0-2(&俐-,~一lff"1—02StlFaofRSSRisomers)(F)fipronil(F)氟虫腊0.005thifensulfuron—methvl噻吩磺隆0.05*flazasulfuron啶嘧磺隆0.O2thiobencarb禾草丹0.1flonicamid氟啶虫酰胺0.】thiram福美双0.1florasulam双氟磺草胺0.O1tolclofos—methyl甲基立枯磷0.05*fluazinam(F1氟啶胺0.05tolylfluanid甲苯氟磺胺0.05*f1ubendiamidefF)氧氟沙星0.叭lopramezone暂无中文名O.01flucvcloxuron氟螨脲0.05tralkoxydim苯草酮0.02"flucythrinate(F】氟氰菊酯0.05tri—allate野麦畏0.1flufenacet氟噻草胺0.05*triadimefonandtriadimenol(F,]三唑酮和三唑醇0.1 flufenoxuron(F)氟虫脲0-3anur.dljn醚苯黄隆O.05*nufenzin杀螨净0.05*triazophos(F)三唑磷0.01flumioxazine氟嗪酮O.05*tribenumn—methyl苯磺隆O.0lfluometuron伏草隆0.叭trichlorfon敌百虫0.5fluopieolide氟吡菌胺0.0Itriclopyr三氯吡氧乙0.1fuorideion氟离子2tricyclazole三环唑0.05*fluoroglycofene乙羧氟草醚O.O1{tridemorphW1十三吗啉0.05*fluoxastrobin氟嘧菌酯O.05*trifloxystrobin(F)肟菌酯03 flupyrsulfuron—methyl氟啶嘧磺隆0.02*triflumizole(F1氟菌唑0.1nuquinc0naz0lefF)氟喹唑0.05*lrifluralin杀铃脲O.】flurochloridone氟咯草酮0.1$triflusulfllron氟乐灵0.02fluroxypyr氟草烟0.05*trinexapac抗倒酯0.05*flurprimidole呋嘧醇0.O1tritieonazole灭菌唑0.01flurtamone呋草酮0.02*tritosulfuron三氟甲磺隆0.01$.flusilazole(F1氟硅唑O.1valifenalate暂无中文名0.01{flutolanil氟酰胺0.05*vinclozolin乙烯菌核利0.05*flutriafo1粉唑醇0.2ziram福美锌0.1folpet灭菌丹0.02*zoxamide草酰胺0.02*foramsulfuton酰胺磺隆0.01}注:表中数据于2011年5月4Et下载自http://ec.europa.eu.英文名称后括注"F"的为脂溶性农药;限量值后标注"'的限量标准亦为其检测限.作者单位:浙江省义鸟出入境检验检疫局(322000)作者简介:周华伟(1981一),男,副主任科员,主要从事进出境植物及植物产品检验检疫.收稿日期:2011一()5～12责任编辑:张放2011年第28卷第9期中自幂届2c。
目录tpo48Passage2:Determining Dinosaur Diet (1)译文：探究恐龙饮食 (2)练习题目 (3)答案 (9)文章小结题解析 (9)背景知识 (9)tpo48Passage2:Determining Dinosaur Diet①Determining what extinct dinosaurs ate is difficult,but we can infer some aspects of their dietary preferences.Traditionally,this information has been derived from direct evidence,such as stomach contents,and indirect evidence,such as establishing a correlation between particular body characteristics and diets of living animals and then inferring habits for dinosaurs.②Animals such as house cats and dogs have large,stabbing canine teeth at the front of the mouth and smaller,equally sharp teeth farther back in their jaws.Many of these animals are also armed with sharp claws.The advantage of teeth and claws as predatory tools is obvious.Now consider animals like cows,horses,rabbits,and mice. These animals have flat teeth at the back of the jaw that are analogous to and have the same function as grindstones.Unlike the meat-slicing and stabbing teeth of carnivores,the teeth of these animals grind and shred plant material before digestion.③More clues exist in other parts of the skull.The jaw joint of carnivores such as dogs and cats has the mechanical advantage of being at the same level as the tooth row, allowing the jaws to close with tremendous speed and forcing the upper teeth to occlude against the lower teeth with great precision.In herbivorous animals,rapid jaw closure is less important.Because the flat teeth of herbivores work like grindstones,however,the jaws mush move both side to side and front to back.The jaw joints of many advanced herbivores,such as cows,lie at a different level than the tooth row,allowing transverse tearing,shredding,and compression of plant material. If we extend such observations to extinct dinosaurs,we can infer dietary preferences (such as carnivory and herbivory),even though we cannot determine the exact diet. The duck-billed dinosaurs known as hadrosaurs are a good example of a group whose jaw joint is below the level of the tooth row,which probably helped them grind up tough,fibrous vegetation.④Paleontologists would like to be much more specific about a dinosaur’s diet than simply differentiating carnivore from herbivore.This finer level of resolution requires direct fossil evidence of dinosaur meals.Stomach contents are only rarely preserved, but when present,allow us to determine exactly what these animals were eating.⑤In the stomach contents of specimens of Coelophysis(a small,long-necked dinosaur)are bones from juvenile animals of the same species.At one time,thesewere thought to represent embryonic animals,suggesting that this small dinosaur gave birth to live young rather than laying eggs.Further research indicated that the small dinosaurs were too large and too well developed to be prehatchling young.In addition,the juveniles inside the body cavity were of different sizes.All the evidence points to the conclusion that these are the remains of prey items and that,as an adult,Coelophysis was at least in part a cannibal.⑥Fossilized stomach contents are not restricted to carnivorous dinosaurs.In a few rare cases,most of them“mummies”(unusually well preserved specimens), fossilized plant remains have been found inside the body cavity of hadrosaurs.Some paleontologists have argued that these represent stream accumulations rather than final meals.The best known of these cases is the second Edmontosaurus mummy collected by the Sternbergs.In the chest cavity of this specimen,which is housed in the Senckenberg Museum in Germany,are the fossil remains of conifer needles, twigs,seeds,and fruits.Similar finds in Corythosaurus specimens from Alberta, Canada,have also been reported,indicating that at least two kinds of Late Cretaceous hadrosaurs fed on the sorts of tress that are common in today’s boreal woodlands.⑦A second form of direct evidence comes from coprolites(fossilized bodily waste). Several dinosaur fossil localities preserve coprolites.Coprolites yield unequivocal evidence about the dietary habits of dinosaurs.Many parts of plants and animals are extremely resistant to the digestive systems of animals and pass completely through the body with little or no alteration.Study of coprolites has indicated that the diets of some herbivorous dinosaurs were relatively diverse,while other dinosaurs appear to have been specialists,feeding on particular types of plants.The problem with inferring diets from coprolites is the difficulty in accurately associating a particular coprolite with a specific dinosaur.译文：探究恐龙饮食①确定灭绝的恐龙吃什么是困难的，但我们可以推断出他们的饮食偏好的某些方面。
几种药剂混配对黄瓜靶斑病的防治试验邢光耀【摘要】为更加有效防治黄瓜靶斑病，开展几种药剂混配防治黄瓜靶斑病的田间药效试验。
试验结果表明，供试药剂对黄瓜安全，对黄瓜生长发育无不良影响；从对黄瓜靶斑病的最终防治效果来看，4%四氟醚唑水乳剂+25%咪鲜胺水乳剂防效最好，为94.02%；其次为40%稻瘟灵可湿性粉剂+25%咪鲜胺水乳剂和10%苯醚甲环唑微乳剂+25%咪鲜胺水乳剂，二者防效都在90%以上。
所以在生产实践中，建议用以上3种配方防治黄瓜靶斑病，以上全为制剂用量。
% For more effective prevention and control of cucumber target leaf spot (Corynespora cassiicola), we studied the control efficacy of several mixed insecticides against the disease. The results showed that the mixed fungicides were safe to cucumber, and had no bad effect on cucumber growth. The treatment 4% tetraconazole emulsion in water(EW)+25%prochloraz EW possessed the highest control efficiency of 94.02%, the following were 40% isoprothiolane wettablepowder+25%prochloraz EW and 10%difenoconazolemicroemulsion+25%prochloraz EW, and both of their efficiency was above 90%, so the three mixed fungicides could be used to control cucumber target leaf spot.【期刊名称】《长江蔬菜》【年(卷),期】2013(000)008【总页数】2页(P50-51)【关键词】黄瓜;靶斑病;四氟醚唑;咪鲜胺;稻瘟灵;苯醚甲环唑【作者】邢光耀【作者单位】聊城大学农学院，山东，252000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S436.421.1+9黄瓜靶斑病是由半知菌亚门的棒孢菌引起的真菌性病害，该病菌喜高温高湿的环境[1～6]。
