生理学名词中英文对照
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生理学名词中英文对照第一章绪论1.机体的内环境(internal environment)2.稳态(homeostasis)3.反射(reflex)4.反射弧(reflex arc)5.旁分泌调节(paracrine regulation)6.自身调节(autoregulation)7.负反馈(negative feedback)8.正反馈(positive feedback)9.前馈(feed-forward)第二章细胞的基本功能10. 被动转运(passive transport)11. 单纯扩散(simple diffusion)12. 经载体易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via carrier)13. 经通道易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via ion channel)14. 电压门控通道(voltage gated ion channel)15. 离子通道(ion channel)16. 化学门控通道(chemically gated ion channel)17. 机械门控通道(mechanically gated ion channel)18. 原发性主动转运(primary active transport)19. 继发性主动转运(secondary active transport)20. 同向转运(symport)21. 反向转运(antiport)22. 出胞(exocytosis)23. 入胞(endocytosis)24. 跨膜信号转导(transmembrane signal transduction)25. 刺激(stimulation) 26. 兴奋(excitation)27. 兴奋性(excitability) 28. 阈值(threshold)29. 极化(polarization)30. 去极化(depolarization)31. 超极化(hyperpolarization)32. 复极化(repolarization)33. 内向电流(inward current)34. 外向电流(outward current)35. 电化学驱动力(electrochemical driving force)36. 静息电位(resting potential) 37. K+平衡电位(K+ equilibrium potential)38. 动作电位(action potential) 39. 超射(overshoot)40. “全或无”现象(“all or none”phenomenon)41. 阈电位(threshold potential)42. 局部电位(local potential)43. 时间性总和(temporal summation)44. 空间性总和(spatial summation)45. 量子释放(quantal release)46. 兴奋-收缩耦联(excitation-contraction coupling)47. 等长收缩(isometric contraction)48. 等张收缩(isotonic contraction)49. 前负荷(preload)50. 后负荷(afterload)51.肌肉收缩能力(contractility) 52.不完全强直收缩(incomplete tetauns)53.完全强直收缩(complete tetanus)54.运动单位(motor unit)第三章血液55. 血细胞比容(hematocrit)56. 血浆渗透压(plasma osmotic pressure)57. 血浆晶体渗透压(plasma crystal osmotic pressure)58. 血浆胶体渗透压(plasma colloid osmotic pressure)59. 悬浮稳定性(suspension stability)60.红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate)61.红细胞渗透脆性(osmotic fragility)62.血小板黏附(platelet adhesion)63.血小板聚集(platelet aggregation)64.生理性止血(hemostasis)65.出血时间(bleeding time)66.凝血时间(clotting time)67.血液凝固(blood coagulation)68.血清(serum)69.凝血因子(clotting factor)70.内源性凝血途径(intrinsic pathway)71.外源性凝血途径(extrinsic pathway)72.纤维蛋白溶解(fibrinolysis)73.血型(blood group)74.红细胞凝集(agglutination)75.凝集原(agglutinogen)76.凝集素(agglutinin)77.交叉配血试验(corss-match test)第四章血液循环78. 心动周期(cardiac cycle)79. 等容收缩期(period of isovolumic contraction)80. 等容舒张期(period of isovolumic relaxation)81. 每搏输出量(stroke volume)82. 射血分数(ejection fraction)83. 心输出量(cardiac output)84 心指数(cardiac index)85. 异长调节(heterometric regulation)86.心室功能曲线(ventricular function curve)87.心肌收缩能力(myocardial contractility)88.等长调节(homometric regulation)89.快反应细胞(fast response cell)90.慢反应细胞(slow response cell)91.期前收缩(premature systole)92.代偿间歇(compensatory pause)93.自动节律性(autorhythmicity) 94.正常起搏点(normal pacemaker)95.潜在起搏点(latent pacemaker)96.异位起搏点(ectopic pacemaker)97.房室延搁(atrioventricular delay)98.膜反应曲线(membrane responsiveness curve)99.钙触发钙释放(calcium-induced Ca2+ release)100.外周阻力(peripheral resistance)101.动脉血压(arterial blood pressure)102.收缩压(systolic pressure)103.舒张压(diastolic pressure)104.平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure)105.中心静脉压(central venous pressure)106.微循环(microcirculation)107.压力感受性反射(baroreceptor reflex)第五章呼吸108.肺通气(pulmonary ventilation)109.肺换气(gas exchange in lungs)110.呼吸运动(respiratory movement)111.弹性阻力(elastic resistance)112.顺应性(compliance) 113.肺的静态顺应性(static compliance)114.比顺应性(specific compliance) 115.肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant)116.气道阻力(airway resistance) 117.潮气量(tidal volume)118.余气量(residual volume)119.功能余气量(functional residual capacity)120.肺活量(vital capacity) 121.用力肺活量(forced vital capacity)122.用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume)123.肺通气量(pulmonary ventilation)124.解剖无效腔(anatomical dead space) 125.肺泡无效腔(alveolar dead space) 126.肺泡通气量(alveolar ventilation)127.通气/血流比值(ventilation/perfusion ratio)128.血氧容量(oxygen capacity) 129.血氧含量(oxygen content)130.血氧饱和度(oxygen saturation) 131.氧解离曲线(oxygen dissociation curve) 132.肺牵张反射(pulmonary stretch reflex)第六章消化与吸收133.消化(digestion)134.机械性消化(mechanical digestion)135.化学性消化(chemical digestion)136.吸收(absorption)137.慢波(slow wave)138.胃肠激素(gastrointestinal hormone)139.脑-肠肽(braingut peptide)140.黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障(mucus bicarbonate barrier)141.胃黏膜屏障(gastric mucosal barrier)142.容受性舒张(receptive relaxation)143.紧张性收缩(tonic contraction)144.胃的排空(gastric emptying)145.肠-胃反射(entero-gastric reflex)146.分节运动(segmentation contraction)147.胆盐的肠-肝循环(enterohepatic circulation of bile salt)第七章能量代谢与体温148. 能量代谢(energy metabolism)149. 食物的热价(thermal equivalent of food)150. 氧热价(thermal equivalent of oxygen)151. 呼吸商(respiratory quotient) 152. 基础代谢率(basal metabolic rate) 153. 体温(body temperature)154.温热性发汗(thermal sweating)155.精神性发汗(mental sweating 156.热敏神经元(warm-sensitive neuron) 157.冷敏神经元(cold-sensitive neuron)第八章尿的生成和排出158. 管-球反馈(tubuloglomerular feedback)159. 肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate)160. 滤过分数(filtration fraction)161. 有效滤过压(effective filtration pressure)162. 肾糖阈(renal threshold for glucose)163. 葡萄糖吸收极限量(transfer maximum of glucose)164. 渗透性利尿(osmotic diuresis)165. 球-管平衡(glomerulotubular balance) 166. 水利尿(water diuresis)167.清除率(clearance)第九章感觉器官的功能168. 感受器(receptor)169. 感觉器官(sense organ)170. 适宜刺激(adequate stimulus)171. 换能作用(transducer function)172. 瞳孔对光反射(pupillary light reflex)173.互感性对光反射(consensual light reflex)174. 瞳孔近反射(near reflex of the pupil)175.视敏度(visual acuity)176.暗适应(dark adaptation)177.明适应(light adaptation)178.视野(visual field)179.听阈(hearing threshold)180.耳蜗内电位(endocochlear potential)181.耳蜗微音器电位(cochlear microphonic potential)182.眼球震颤(nystagmus)第十章神经系统的功能183.突触(synapse)184.经典的突触(classical synapse)185.兴奋性突触后电位(excitatory postsynaptic potential)186.抑制性突触后电位(inhibitory postsynaptic potential)187.非定向突触(non-directed synapse)188.电突触(electric synapse)189.神经递质(neurotransmitter)190.神经调质(neuromodulator)191.受体(receptor)192.激动剂(agonist)193.拮抗剂(antagonist)194.上调(up regulation)195.下调(down regulation)196.胆碱能纤维(cholinergic fiber)197.肾上腺素能纤维(adrenergic fiber)198.突触后抑制(postsynaptic inhibition)199.传入侧支性抑制(afferent collateral inhibition)200.回返性抑制(recurrent inhibition) 201.突触前抑制(presynaptic inhibition)202.特异投射系统(specific projection system)203.非特异投射系统(nonspecific projection system)204.牵涉痛(referred pain)205.脊休克(spinal shock)206.牵张反射(stretch reflex)207.腱反射(tendon reflex)208.肌紧张(muscle tonus) 209.去大脑僵直(decerebrate rigidity)210.α僵直(α-rigidity)211.γ僵直(γ-rigidity)212.自发脑电活动(spontaneous electric activity of the brain)213.脑电图(electroencephalogram)214.脑干网状结构上行激动系统(ascending reticular activating system)215.慢波睡眠(slow wave sleep)216.异相睡眠(paradoxical sleep)第十一章内分泌217. 激素(hormone) 218. 允许作用(permissive action) 219. 长反馈(long-loop feedback)220. 短反馈(short-loop feedback)221. 超短反馈(ultra-short-loop feedback)222. 下丘脑调节肽(hypothalamic regulatory peptides)223. 应激反应(stress reaction)224.应急反应(emergency reaction)第十二章生殖225. 月经(menstruation)226. 月经周期(menstrual cycle)227. 增生期(proliferative phase)228. 黄体期(luteal phase)。
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常用生理学中英文名词对照按照中文第一个字母顺序查找:A-G H-N O-T U-ZAAPUD细胞amine precursor uptakedecarboxylation cell氨基甲酰血红蛋白carbaminohemoglobin暗视觉scotopic vision暗适应dark adaptationα僵直αrigidityB靶细胞target cell被动转运passive transport本体感受性反射proprioceptive reflex比奥呼吸Biot breathing比顺应性specific compliance编码(作用)coding变传导作用dromotropic action变力作用inotropic action变时作用chronotropic action波尔效应Bohr effect补呼气量expiratory reserve volume补吸气量inspiratory reserve volume不感蒸发insensible perspiration不完全强直收缩incomplete tetanusC残气量residual volume层流laminar flow长反馈long-loop feedback长时程记忆long-term memory长时程压抑long-term depression长时程增强long-term potentiation肠-胃反射enterogastric reflex肠-胰岛轴entero-insular axis超常期supranormal peiod超短反馈ultra-short-loop feedback超极化hyperpolarization超射overshoot超速驱动压抑overdrive suppression如有帮助,欢迎支持。
潮气量tidal volume陈-施呼吸Cheyne-Stokes breathing重调定resetting重吸收reabsorption出胞exocytosis出血时间bleeding time初长度initial length传导conduction传导散热thermal conduction传导性conductivity传入侧支抑制afferent collateral inhibition垂体门脉系统hypophysial portal system刺激stimulation粗肌丝thick filament促垂体区hypophysiotropic area促红细胞生成素erythropoietin促甲状腺激素thyroid stimulatinghormone促甲状腺激素释放激素thyrotropin-releasinghormone促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropichormone促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素corticotropin-releasing hormone促胃动素motilin促胃液素gastrin促胰液素secretinD呆小症cretinism代偿性间歇compensatory pause戴尔原则Dale principle单纯扩散simple diffusion单收缩twitch单通道电流single channel current单突触反射monosynaptic reflex胆碱能受体cholinergic receptor胆碱能纤维cholinergic fiber胆盐bile salt胆盐的肠肝循环enterohepatic circulationof bile salt等长调节homometric regulation等长收缩isometric contraction等容收缩期isovolumic systole如有帮助,欢迎支持。
生理学名词中英文对照第一章绪论1. internal environment机体的内环境() 细胞生活的液体环境即细胞外液2. homeostasis稳态()内环境的化学成分及理化性质保持相对稳定的状态称为内环境稳态。
现也指机体所有保持相对稳定的生理过程3. reflex反射()中枢神经系统参与下,机体对内外环境变化做出的适应性反应4. reflex arc反射弧() 完成反射所必需的结构。
包括感受器、传入神经、神经中枢、传出神经、效应器等五个环节5. paracrine regulation旁分泌调节()激素等化学物质通过组织液扩散,影响邻近细胞活动的调节方式,又称为局部性体液调节6. autoregulation自身调节()内、外环境变化时,细胞、组织不依赖于神经、体液调节而产生的适应性反应7. negative feedback负反馈()在自动控制系统中,反馈调节使受控部分的活动向和它原先活动相反的方向改变。
8. positive feedback正反馈()在自动控制系统中,反馈调节使受控部分的活动向和它原先活动相同的方向改变。
9. feed-forward前馈() 指干扰信号对控制部分的直接作用,它能使输出变量在出现偏差而引起反馈调节之前就能得到纠正。
第二章细胞的基本功能10. passive transport被动转运()物质依靠电化学驱动力或渗透梯度进行不需要消耗生物能的跨膜转运过程。
11. simple diffusion单纯扩散()没有生物学转运机制参与的简单的物理扩散。
12. facilitated diffusion via carrier经载体易化扩散()水溶性小分子物质依靠膜上载体蛋白的介导,顺浓度梯度或电位梯度的跨膜转运成为经载体易化扩散13. facilitated diffusion via ion channel经通道易化扩散()离子或水依靠膜上通道蛋白的介导,顺电化学驱动力或依靠渗透压差的跨膜转运成为经通道易化扩散15. (ion channel)离子通道:一类贯穿脂质双分子层的、中央带有亲水性孔道的并能选择性地允许离子通过的膜蛋白14. (voltage gated ion channel)电压门控通道:膜电位控制开闭的通道16. chemically gated ion channel化学门控通道():化学物质(激素、递质等)控制开闭的通道。
生理学词汇中英对照生理学是生物科学的一个分支,是以生物机体的生命活动现象和机体各个组成部分的功能为研究对象的一门学科。
接下来为大家整理了生理学词汇中英对照,希望对你有帮助哦!fibrinolysis 纤溶blood 血,血液blood cell 血细胞blood clot 血凝块blood coagulation 血液凝固blood flow 血流量blood group 血型blood pressure 血压blood transfusion 输血body surface area 体表面积body temperature 体温Bohr effect 玻尔效应bradykinin 缓激肽physiology 生理学absolute refractory period 绝对不应期absorption 吸收,吸收作用action potential 动作电位activation 激活,活化active reabsorption 主动重吸收active transport 主动运输,主动转运acute experiment 急性实验adaptation 适应adequate stimulus 适宜刺激adrenergic 肾上腺能的adrenergic receptor 肾上腺素受体afterload 后负荷afterpotential 后电位agglutination of erythrocyte 红细胞凝集agglutinin 凝集素agglutinogen 凝集原airway resistance 气道阻力albumin 白蛋白,清蛋白aldosterone 醛固酮alveolar capillary membrane 肺泡-毛细血管膜alveolar dead space 肺泡死腔,肺泡无效腔alveolar fluid 肺泡液体anabolism 同化作用,合成代谢anatomical dead space 解剖无效腔或死腔androgen 雄激素angiotensin 血管紧张素anticoagulation 抗凝antidiuresis 抗利尿aortic body 主动脉体apneustic breathing 长吸式呼吸arch of aorta 主动脉弓arterial pressure 动脉血压arterial pulse 动脉脉?arteriole 微动脉arteriovenous shunt 动静脉短路artificial respiration 人工呼吸atrial systole 心房收缩atrioventricular bundle 房室束audition 听力auditory threshold 听阈automatic respiratory rhythm 自主呼吸节律automaticity 自律性autonomic nervous system 植物性神经系统,自主神经系autonomic thermoregulation 自主性体温调节autoregulation 自身调节axoplasm 轴浆,轴质baroreceptor reflex 压力感受性反射basal metabolism 基础代谢behavioral thermoregulation 行为性体温调节bidirectional propagation 双向传导bioelectricity 生物电biphasic action potential 双相动作电位bleeding time 出血时间erythropoietin 红细胞生成素,促红素intrapleural pressure 胸膜腔内压,胸内压intraspindle muscle 梭内肌intrinsic pathway 内源性途径iodine pump 碘泵ionic channel 离子通道mass peristalsis 集团蠕动maximal acid output 最大胃酸排出量maximum diastolic potential 最大舒张电位maximum repolarizing potential 最大复极电位mean arterial pressure 平均动脉压mean circulatory filling pressure 循环系统平均充盈压membrane potential 跨膜电位,膜电位metarteriole 后微动脉minute respiratory volume 每分钟通气量motor unit 运动单位myocardial contractility 心肌收缩性negative chronotropic action 负性变时效应negative dromotropic action 负性变传导效应negative inotropic action 负变力效应oxygen capacity 血氧容量oxygen content 血氧含量oxygen dissociation curve 氧离曲线oxygenation 氧合oxyhemoglobin saturation 血氧饱和度pacemaker 起搏器pacemaker current 起搏电流paracrine 旁分泌passive reabsorption 被动重吸收passive transport 被动运输,被动转运patch clamp 膜片钳pepsin 胃蛋白酶peripheral resistance 外周阻力peristalsis 蠕动permeability 磁导率,通透性permissive action 允许作用photosensory cell 感光细胞physiology 生理学pinocytosis 胞饮作用plasma clearance 血浆清除率plasmin 纤溶酶plasminogen 纤溶酶原,纤维蛋白溶酶原plastic deformation of erythrocyte 红细胞可塑性变形plateau 平台期platelet plug 血小板栓子polarization 极化positive chronotropic action 正性变时效应positive dromotropic action 正性变传导效应positive feedback 正反馈positive inotropic action 正性变力效应preload 前负荷premature systole 期前收缩presynaptic inhibition 突触前抑制primary hemostatic response 初级止血反应proprioceptors 本体感受器prothrombin 凝血酶原pulmonary diffusion capacity 肺扩散容量pulmonary exchange 肺换气pulmonary ventilation 肺通气pulse pressure 脉压pupillary reflex 瞳孔反射Purkinje fiber 蒲肯野纤维Purkinje system 蒲肯野系统rapid ejection phase 快速射血相rapid repolarization 快速复极reduced eye 简化眼reflex 反射reflex arc 反射弧refractoriness 不应性refractory period 不应期relative refractory period 相对不应期renal glucose threshold 肾糖阈renin 肾素repolarization 复极resistance 耐药性,阻力respiratory zone 呼吸带resting potential 静息电位resting state 备用状态rheobase 基强度rhesus monkey 恒河猴,猕猴saltatory conduction 跳跃式传导second message 第二信使secondary active transport 继发性主动转运secondary phase of hemostasis 继发性止血反应secretin 促胰液素secretion 分泌segmentation 分节运动sensation 感觉sense organ 感觉器官sensory coding 感觉编码sensory receptor 感觉器shell temperature 体表温度simple diffusion 简单扩散single twitch 单收缩slow ejection phase 减慢射血相slow wave 慢波somatostatin 生长抑素spasm 痉挛specific conduction system 特殊传导系统spike 刺突,锋电位spontaneous depolarization 自动除极stretch receptors 肺牵张感受器stretch reflex 牵张反射stroke work 搏出功subnormal period 低常期supernormal period 超常期surface activation 表面激活surfactant 表面活性物质synaptic delay 突触延搁synergetic effect 协同作用tension 张力first heart soundsecond heart sound 第二心音thermoregulation 体温调节thoracic respiration 胸式呼吸thoroughfare channel 直捷通路或直通血毛细血管threshold 阈threshold intensity 阈强度threshold potential 阈电位threshold stimulus 阈刺激tissue exchange 组织换气tonic activity 紧张性活动tonic contraction 紧张性收缩。
Internal environment:内环境refers to the liquid surrounding the cells in the body of multicellular animals, that is extracellular fluid.Homeostasis稳态: refers to a state of relatively constant of physical and chemical properties of internal environment, such as temperature, pH, osmotic pressure and all kinds of liquid ingredients in the body, and so on.positive feedback正反馈: A change in a condition leads to responses from the effectors which a mplifies that changenegative feedback负反馈: A change in a condition leads to responses from the effectors which counteracts that changefacilitated diffusion via carrier经载体易化扩散: Water soluble small molecules and ions under the carrier protein mediated, cross the plasma membrane follow concentration gradientfacilitated diffusion via ion channel经通道易化扩散: All kinds of charged ions under the channel proteins mediated, cross the plasma membrane follow concentration gradient and potential gradientPrimary active transport原发性主动转运:making direct use of energy derived from ATP to transport the ions across the cell membraneSecondary active transport次级主动转运:The ion gradients established by primary active transport permits the transport of other substances against their concentration gradientsresting potential静息电位: A potential difference across the membranes of inactive cells, with the inside of the cell negative relative to the outside of the cellaction potential动作电位: Some of the cells (excitable cells) are capable to rapidly reverse their resting membrane potential from negative resting values to slightly positive values. This transient and rapid change in membrane potential is called an action potential Excitation-contraction coupling兴奋收缩耦联: the mediation process of striated muscle cells generate action potentials and muscle filament contraction and relaxation. Hematocrit血细胞比容: The capacity percentage of the blood cells in the blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate红细胞沉降率: The distance that red blood cells settle in a tube of blood in one hourHemostasis止血: Small damaged blood vessels stop bleeding after a few minutes automaticallyBlood coagulation血凝固: blood change from sol to illiquid gel stateBlood group血型: The type of specific antigen on the surface of blood cellseffective refractory period:premature systole期前收缩: if ventricle is stimulated after ventricular muscle effective refractory period, before The next sinoatrial node excitement arrive, it will produce a contraction in advance.compensatory pause代偿间歇: A longer ventricular diastolic after premature systole. Atrioventricular delay房室延搁: Excitement slowly spread in atrioventricular junction and take longer time.Cardiac cycle心动周期: A cycle of heart contraction and relaxationStroke volume每搏输出量: One side of the ventricular injection volume of blood by a heart throbEjection fraction射血分数: The percentage stroke volume account for ventricularend-diastolic volumeCardiac output心输出量: The blood volume inject by one side of the ventricular per minuteCardiac index心指数: calculate cardiac output by unit surface areasystolic pressure收缩压: The highest blood pressure at mid ventricular systolic .diastolic pressure舒张压: The lowest blood pressure at ventricular end-diastolic.pulse pressure脉压: Systolic blood pressure minus diastolic blood pressurecentral venous pressure中心静脉压: The blood pressure in right atrium and chest cavity vena cavaMicrocirculation: Blood circulation between arteriole and micro veinEffective filtration pressure有效滤过压:the pressure difference between filtration and reabsorptionRespiration: The process of gas exchange between the body and its environmentvital capacity肺活量: After inhalation complete, the largest gas exhaled from the lungs forced vital capacity用力肺活量: After inhalation complete, exhale the largest gas from the lungs as fast as possibleforced expiratory volume用力呼气量: After inhalation complete, the gas exhaled from the lungs in a certain timeAlveolar Ventilation肺泡通气量: amount of inhaled the fresh air in the alveoli per minute. Pulmonary stretch reflex牵张反射: The reflection of inspiratory inhibit or inhale excited caused by pulmonary inflation and pulmonary deflation.Digestion消化: break down of food into small molecular components small enough to absorb.Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.Absorption吸收: the small molecules that formed by digestion across the digestion tract mucosa go into blood and lymph.Small wave小波: the spontaneous rhythmic, subthreshold depolarization of the cell membrane of the gastrointestinal tract that characterizes the underlying electrical activity of the bowel.胃液主要成分1.HCl,parietal cell ,acid sterilization. Activation of pepsinogen, promotion of secretin secretion. Assisted effect of Fe and Ca absorption.2.Pepsinogen胃蛋白酶, chief cell, active in stomach, initially by H ions and then by active pepsin, autocatalytic activation. Pepsin an endopeptidase, which attacks peptide bonds in the interior of large protein molecules.3.Mucus粘液, neck cell and goblet cell, lubrication of the mucosal surface. Protection of the tissue from mechanical damage by food particle.4.intrinsic factor内因子, parietal cell. The intrinsic factor binds to vit B12 and facilitated its absorption.Stimulate gastric secretion刺激胃液分泌ACH gastrin histamine/ somatostatin Digestion phase gastric secretion消化期胃液分泌Cephalic gastric intestinal phase Regulation inhibitory gastric juice secretion胃液分泌抑制性调节1.HCl:inhibite G cell release gastrin;stimulate D cell release somatostatin;in the gastric antrum,inhibition of G cells,release of SST;in the duodenum ,release of secretin,bulbogastrone.2,fat:initiating release of enterogastrone.3,hepertonic solution:entero-gastric reflex.Receptive relaxation 容受性舒张:stimulation of receptor reflex muscle relax in the f undus and stomach body when chew and swallow.Pancreatic juice composition effect胰液成分作用:pancreatic amylase,pancreatic lip ase, trypsin,chymotrypsin,HCO3 bicarbonate balance the HCl in duodenum. Protect i ntestinal mucosa TPS and chymolase, pancreatic lipase, pancreatic amylase.Enteroh epatic circulation of bile salt.Bile salts were emptied into the small intestine with hepatic bile, about 95% is absorbed into the blood in the terminal ileum, and then synthesizing bile again after the hepatic vein to the liver, then empty into intestine.Physiological functions of bile胆汁生理作用1.Emulsifying or detergent function of bile salts.2.Help in the absorption of: fatly acid, lmonoglycerides, cholesterol, other lipids Peristalsis蠕动: the rhythmic waves of muscular relaxation and contraction are called peristalsis.Receptive relaxation 容受性舒张: stimulation of food on pharynx and esophagus produce relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and stomach.Gastric emptying胃排空: the process that the gastric contents are delivered to the duodenum.Thermal equivalent of food热价: calories liberated by 1g food oxidized in body. (kJ/g) Thermal equivalent of oxygen氧热价: heat production by consuming one liter of oxygen to oxidize a specific type of blood. (kJ/L)Respiratory quotient(RQ)呼吸商: in the process of oxidizing food, the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 used。
生理学名词中英文对照第一章绪论1.机体的内环境(internal environment)2.稳态(homeostasis)3.反射(reflex)4.反射弧(reflex arc)5.旁分泌调节(paracrine regulation)6.自身调节(autoregulation)7.负反馈(negative feedback) 8.正反馈(positive feedback)9.前馈(feed-forward)第二章细胞的基本功能10. 被动转运(passive transport) 11. 单纯扩散(simple diffusion)12. 经载体易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via carrier)13. 经通道易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via ion channel)14. 电压门控通道(voltage gated ion channel)15. 离子通道(ion channel)16. 化学门控通道(chemically gated ion channel)17. 机械门控通道(mechanically gated ion channel)18. 原发性主动转运(primary active transport)19. 继发性主动转运(secondary active transport)20. 同向转运(symport) 21. 反向转运(antiport)22. 出胞(exocytosis) 23. 入胞(endocytosis)24. 跨膜信号转导(transmembrane signal transduction)25. 刺激(stimulation) 26. 兴奋(excitation)27. 兴奋性(excitability) 28. 阈值(threshold)29. 极化(polarization) 30. 去极化(depolarization)31. 超极化(hyperpolarization) 32. 复极化(repolarization)33. 内向电流(inward current) 34. 外向电流(outward current)35. 电化学驱动力(electrochemical driving force)36. 静息电位(resting potential) 37. K+平衡电位(K+ equilibrium potential)38. 动作电位(action potential) 39. 超射(overshoot)40. “全或无”现象(“all or none”phenomenon)41. 阈电位(threshold potential) 42. 局部电位(local potential)43. 时间性总和(temporal summation) 44. 空间性总和(spatial summation)45. 量子释放(quantal release)46. 兴奋-收缩耦联(excitation-contraction coupling)47. 等长收缩(isometric contraction) 48. 等张收缩(isotonic contraction)49. 前负荷(preload) 50. 后负荷(afterload)51.肌肉收缩能力(contractility) 52.不完全强直收缩(incomplete tetauns)53.完全强直收缩(complete tetanus) 54.运动单位(motor unit)第三章血液55. 血细胞比容(hematocrit) 56. 血浆渗透压(plasma osmotic pressure)57. 血浆晶体渗透压(plasma crystal osmotic pressure)58. 血浆胶体渗透压(plasma colloid osmotic pressure)59. 悬浮稳定性(suspension stability)60.红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate)61.红细胞渗透脆性(osmotic fragility) 62.血小板黏附(platelet adhesion)63.血小板聚集(platelet aggregation) 64.生理性止血(hemostasis)65.出血时间(bleeding time) 66.凝血时间(clotting time)67.血液凝固(blood coagulation) 68.血清(serum)69.凝血因子(clotting factor) 70.内源性凝血途径(intrinsic pathway)71.外源性凝血途径(extrinsic pathway) 72.纤维蛋白溶解(fibrinolysis)73.血型(blood group) 74.红细胞凝集(agglutination)75.凝集原(agglutinogen)76.凝集素(agglutinin)77.交叉配血试验(corss-match test)第四章血液循环78. 心动周期(cardiac cycle)79. 等容收缩期(period of isovolumic contraction)80. 等容舒张期(period of isovolumic relaxation)81. 每搏输出量(stroke volume)82. 射血分数(ejection fraction)83. 心输出量(cardiac output)84 心指数(cardiac index)85. 异长调节(heterometric regulation)86.心室功能曲线(ventricular function curve)87.心肌收缩能力(myocardial contractility)88.等长调节(homometric regulation)89.快反应细胞(fast response cell) 90.慢反应细胞(slow response cell)91.期前收缩(premature systole) 92.代偿间歇(compensatory pause)93.自动节律性(autorhythmicity) 94.正常起搏点(normal pacemaker)95.潜在起搏点(latent pacemaker) 96.异位起搏点(ectopic pacemaker)97.房室延搁(atrioventricular delay)98.膜反应曲线(membrane responsiveness curve)99.钙触发钙释放(calcium-induced Ca2+ release)100.外周阻力(peripheral resistance)101.动脉血压(arterial blood pressure)102.收缩压(systolic pressure)103.舒张压(diastolic pressure) 104.平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure)105.中心静脉压(central venous pressure)106.微循环(microcirculation) 107.压力感受性反射(baroreceptor reflex)第五章呼吸108.肺通气(pulmonary ventilation) 109.肺换气(gas exchange in lungs)110.呼吸运动(respiratory movement) 111.弹性阻力(elastic resistance)112.顺应性(compliance) 113.肺的静态顺应性(static compliance)114.比顺应性(specific compliance) 115.肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant)116.气道阻力(airway resistance) 117.潮气量(tidal volume)118.余气量(residual volume)119.功能余气量(functional residual capacity)120.肺活量(vital capacity) 121.用力肺活量(forced vital capacity) 122.用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume)123.肺通气量(pulmonary ventilation)124.解剖无效腔(anatomical dead space) 125.肺泡无效腔(alveolar dead space) 126.肺泡通气量(alveolar ventilation)127.通气/血流比值(ventilation/perfusion ratio)128.血氧容量(oxygen capacity) 129.血氧含量(oxygen content)130.血氧饱和度(oxygen saturation) 131.氧解离曲线(oxygen dissociation curve) 132.肺牵张反射(pulmonary stretch reflex)第六章消化与吸收133.消化(digestion) 134.机械性消化(mechanical digestion)135.化学性消化(chemical digestion) 136.吸收(absorption)137.慢波(slow wave) 138.胃肠激素(gastrointestinal hormone)139.脑-肠肽(braingut peptide)140.黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障(mucus bicarbonate barrier)141.胃黏膜屏障(gastric mucosal barrier)142.容受性舒张(receptive relaxation)143.紧张性收缩(tonic contraction) 144.胃的排空(gastric emptying)145.肠-胃反射(entero-gastric reflex) 146.分节运动(segmentation contraction)147.胆盐的肠-肝循环(enterohepatic circulation of bile salt)第七章能量代谢与体温148. 能量代谢(energy metabolism)149. 食物的热价(thermal equivalent of food)150. 氧热价(thermal equivalent of oxygen)151. 呼吸商(respiratory quotient) 152. 基础代谢率(basal metabolic rate) 153. 体温(body temperature) 154.温热性发汗(thermal sweating)155.精神性发汗(mental sweating 156.热敏神经元(warm-sensitive neuron) 157.冷敏神经元(cold-sensitive neuron)第八章尿的生成和排出158. 管-球反馈(tubuloglomerular feedback)159. 肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate)160. 滤过分数(filtration fraction)161. 有效滤过压(effective filtration pressure)162. 肾糖阈(renal threshold for glucose)163. 葡萄糖吸收极限量(transfer maximum of glucose)164. 渗透性利尿(osmotic diuresis)165. 球-管平衡(glomerulotubular balance) 166. 水利尿(water diuresis) 167.清除率(clearance)第九章感觉器官的功能168. 感受器(receptor) 169. 感觉器官(sense organ)170. 适宜刺激(adequate stimulus) 171. 换能作用(transducer function)172. 瞳孔对光反射(pupillary light reflex)173.互感性对光反射(consensual light reflex)174. 瞳孔近反射(near reflex of the pupil)175.视敏度(visual acuity)176.暗适应(dark adaptation) 177.明适应(light adaptation)178.视野(visual field) 179.听阈(hearing threshold)180.耳蜗内电位(endocochlear potential)181.耳蜗微音器电位(cochlear microphonic potential)182.眼球震颤(nystagmus)第十章神经系统的功能183.突触(synapse) 184.经典的突触(classical synapse)185.兴奋性突触后电位(excitatory postsynaptic potential)186.抑制性突触后电位(inhibitory postsynaptic potential)187.非定向突触(non-directed synapse) 188.电突触(electric synapse)189.神经递质(neurotransmitter) 190.神经调质(neuromodulator)191.受体(receptor) 192.激动剂(agonist)193.拮抗剂(antagonist) 194.上调(up regulation)195.下调(down regulation) 196.胆碱能纤维(cholinergic fiber)197.肾上腺素能纤维(adrenergic fiber) 198.突触后抑制(postsynaptic inhibition)199.传入侧支性抑制(afferent collateral inhibition)200.回返性抑制(recurrent inhibition) 201.突触前抑制(presynaptic inhibition)202.特异投射系统(specific projection system)203.非特异投射系统(nonspecific projection system)204.牵涉痛(referred pain) 205.脊休克(spinal shock)206.牵张反射(stretch reflex) 207.腱反射(tendon reflex)208.肌紧张(muscle tonus) 209.去大脑僵直(decerebrate rigidity)210.α僵直(α-rigidity) 211.γ僵直(γ-rigidity)212.自发脑电活动(spontaneous electric activity of the brain)213.脑电图(electroencephalogram)214.脑干网状结构上行激动系统(ascending reticular activating system) 215.慢波睡眠(slow wave sleep) 216.异相睡眠(paradoxical sleep)第十一章内分泌217. 激素(hormone) 218. 允许作用(permissive action) 219. 长反馈(long-loop feedback) 220. 短反馈(short-loop feedback)221. 超短反馈(ultra-short-loop feedback)222. 下丘脑调节肽(hypothalamic regulatory peptides)223. 应激反应(stress reaction) 224.应急反应(emergency reaction)第十二章生殖225. 月经(menstruation) 226. 月经周期(menstrual cycle)227. 增生期(proliferative phase) 228. 黄体期(luteal phase)。
医学常用生理学术语中英文对照与翻译在医学领域中,掌握生理学术语的中英文对照与翻译是非常重要的。
生理学术语的准确理解和正确使用,有助于医学专业人员之间的有效沟通,并提供了对医学文献和研究的正确理解。
本文将为您提供一份医学常用生理学术语的中英文对照与翻译,帮助您更好地掌握这些术语。
1. 细胞(cell)细胞是生物体的基本结构和功能单位。
它们是一系列化学反应的载体,并能根据生物体的需要执行各种生物学功能。
2. 组织(tissue)组织是由一组具有相似功能的细胞组成的。
常见的组织类型包括上皮组织、结缔组织、肌肉组织和神经组织等。
3. 器官(organ)器官是由多种组织结合而成,共同执行特定功能的结构。
常见的器官包括心脏、肺、肝脏等。
4. 系统(system)系统是由多个器官组成的复杂结构,共同执行特定功能。
常见的系统包括呼吸系统、循环系统、消化系统等。
5. 内分泌系统(endocrine system)内分泌系统由一组产生激素的腺体组成,用于调节全身的生理过程。
常见的内分泌腺体包括甲状腺、肾上腺等。
6. 神经系统(nervous system)神经系统由大脑、脊髓和神经组织组成,负责传递神经信号和控制身体各部分的活动。
7. 循环系统(circulatory system)循环系统由心脏、血管和血液组成。
它负责输送氧气、营养物质和代谢废物,维持全身细胞的正常功能。
8. 呼吸系统(respiratory system)呼吸系统由鼻腔、气管、支气管和肺组成。
它的功能是将氧气带入身体,并排出二氧化碳等废物。
9. 消化系统(digestive system)消化系统由口腔、食管、胃、小肠和大肠组成。
它负责消化食物,吸收营养物质,并排出未消化的废物。
10. 泌尿系统(urinary system)泌尿系统由肾脏、输尿管、膀胱和尿道组成。
它负责产生、储存和排泄尿液,排除体内代谢产生的废物。
11. 免疫系统(immune system)免疫系统是身体抵抗疾病和保护身体免受感染的防线。
生理学名词中英文对照第一章绪论1.稳态(homeostasis):内环境的化学成分和理化性质保持相对稳定的状态。
2.旁分泌调节(paracrine regulation):指激素等化学物质经组织液扩散,改变临近细胞活动的调节方式。
3.自身调节(autoregulation):指内外环境变化时,组织、细胞不依赖于神经或体液调节而产生的适应性反应。
4.负反馈(negative feedback):指在自动控制系统中,反馈调节使受控部分的活动向和它原先活动相反的方向改变。
5.正反馈(positive feedback):指在自动控制系统中,反馈调节使受控部分的活动向和它原先活动相同的方向改变。
6.前馈(feed-forward):指干扰信号对控制部分的直接作用,它能使输出变量在出现偏差而引起反馈性调节之前就能得到纠正。
第二章细胞的基本功能7. 经载体易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via carrier):水溶性小分子物质依靠膜上载体蛋白的介导,顺浓度梯度或(和)电位梯度的跨膜转运成为经载体易化扩散。
8. 经通道易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via ion channel):离子或水依靠膜上通道蛋白的介导,顺电化学驱动力或依靠渗透压差的跨膜转运称为经通道易化扩散。
9. 电压门控通道(voltage gated ion channel) :受膜电位调控离子通道的开闭。
10. 化学门控通道(chemically gated ion channel) :由化学物质(激素、递质等)控制离子通道的开闭,又称配体门控通道。
11. 机械门控通道(mechanically gated ion channel):由机械因素控制离子通道的开闭。
12. 原发性主动转运(primary active transport):离子泵利用分解ATP产生的能量,将离子逆浓度梯度或(和)电位梯度进行跨膜转运的过程称为原发性主动转运。
医学常用生理学名词英汉翻译医学常用生理学名词英汉翻译(Medical Physiology Terms: English to Chinese Translation)Introduction:医学常用生理学名词是医学领域中不可或缺的基础内容。
准确理解这些名词的英汉翻译对医学教育和研究至关重要。
本文旨在提供一份包含医学常用生理学名词的英汉翻译的综合参考,帮助读者更好地理解这些名词,并在医学领域中应用它们。
一、细胞生理学(Cell Physiology)1. 细胞(Cell)- 生物体的基本结构和功能单位。
2. 细胞膜(Cell Membrane)- 包裹和保护细胞的透过半透膜。
3. 溶质(Solute)- 溶解在溶剂中的物质。
4. 入外去内形式(Endo-Exocytosis)- 物质从细胞内进出的过程。
5. 离子(Ion)- 带电荷的原子或分子。
二、心血管生理学(Cardiovascular Physiology)1. 心脏(Heart)- 泵血器官,将氧和养分输送到全身。
2. 血管(Blood Vessels)- 导管系统,包括动脉、静脉和毛细血管。
3. 血压(Blood Pressure)- 衡量血液对血管壁的压力。
4. 心肌收缩(Myocardial Contraction)- 心肌收缩将血液推向体循环。
5. 心输出量(Cardiac Output)- 心脏每分钟泵出的血液量。
三、消化生理学(Digestive Physiology)1. 消化系统(Digestive System)- 约束口腔、食管、胃和肠道的器官组织。
2. 蛋白酶(Protease)- 分解蛋白质的酶。
3. 胆囊(Gallbladder)- 存储胆汁的器官。
4. 葡萄糖(Glucose)- 最常见的糖类,是能量的重要来源。
5. 肠道吸收(Intestinal Absorption)- 营养物质从肠道进入血液。
四、泌尿生理学(Renal Physiology)1. 肾脏(Kidneys)- 过滤血液,产生尿液,并维持体液平衡。
生 生理 理学 学中 中英 英文 文名 名词 词对 对照照 Aabdominal breathing 腹式呼吸 accessory sexual organ 附属性器官* absolute refractory period 绝对不应期 absorption 吸收 accommdotion 调节 acetylcholine,Ach 乙酰胆碱 muscarine -like action 毒覃碱样作用(M 样作用)* nicotine -like action 烟碱样作用(N 样作用)* tropic action 营养样作用* acromegaly 肢端肥大症 acrosin 顶体素* acrosom action 顶体样反应* actin 肌纤蛋白(肌动蛋白) action potential 动作电位 activation 激活 active force 主动张力* active transport 主动转运 active zone 激活区 addition 成瘾 adaptation 适应(感觉器) adenosine 腺苷* adenosine diphosphate, ADP 二磷酸腺苷 adenosine triphosphate, ATP 三磷酸腺苷 adenylate cyclase, AC 腺苷酸环化酶 adequate stimulus 适宜刺激 adrenal cortex 肾上腺皮质 Adrenal medulla 肾上腺髓质 adrenaline, Adr 肾上腺素 adrenergic fiber 肾上腺素能纤维 adrenocorticotropin, ACTH 促肾上腺皮质激素 afferent arteriole 入球小动脉 after discharge 后放 afterdepolarization 后去极化 afterload 后负荷 afterpotential 后电位 agglutinin 凝集素 agglutinogen 凝集原 agonist 激动剂 air condution 气传导 airway resistance 气道阻力 aldosterone 醛固酮aldosteronebinding globulin 醛固酮结合蛋白* aldosteroneinduced protein 醛固酮诱导蛋白*all or none phenomenon“全或无”现象alveolar dead space 肺泡无效腔alveolar pressure 肺泡压alveolar surfactant 肺泡表面活性物质alveolar ventilation 肺泡通气量 -aminobutyric acid -氨基丁酸 amnesia 记忆障碍anterograde ameesia 顺行性遗忘症* reterograde ameesia 逆行性遗忘症* anatomical dead space 解剖无效腔androgen 雄激素angiotensin 血管紧张素antagonist 拮抗剂anticoagulative system 抗凝系统antidiuretic hormone 抗利尿激素antiport 逆向转运anxiety 焦虑aphasia 失语症motor aphasia 运动失语症sensory aphasia 感觉失语症apical membrane 顶端膜*apnea 呼吸暂停apoptosis 凋亡appetite 欲望*arrestin 阻抑蛋白*arterial blood pressure 动脉血压arterial pulse 动脉脉搏ascending reticular activating system网状结构上行激动系统 ascenging inhibitory system上行抑制系统astigmatism 散光*atrial natriuretic peptide心房利尿钠肽atrial systole 心房收缩期atrioventricular delay 房室延搁atropine 阿托品autocrine 自分泌autoinhibitory funtion 自抑作用autologous transfusion 自体输血 autoregulation 自身调节autorhythmicity自动节律性(自律性)avoidance system 回避系统axial flow 轴流axon 轴突axon hillock 轴丘axon telodendria 轴突终端axon reflex轴突反射axoplaxmic flow 轴浆流动axoplasmic transport, 轴浆运输antrograde, 顺向轴浆运输fast, 快速轴浆运输retrograde, 逆向轴浆运输slow, 慢速轴浆运输BBabinski’s sign巴彬斯基征backleak回漏baroreceptor压力感受器baroreflex压力感受性反射basal body temperature,BBT基础体温basal metabolic rate,BMR基础代谢率basic electrical rhythm基本电节律basal membrane 基底侧膜basophils 嗜碱性粒细胞bile 胆汁bile salt 胆盐binocular vision 双眼视觉*biologic clock 生物钟biorhythm生物节律biot breathing 比奥呼吸*bleeding time 出血时间blind spot 盲点 -block 波阻断blood 血液blood-brain barrier 血脑屏障blood-cerebrospinal barrier 血脑脊液屏障blood clotting factor凝血因子blood coagulation 血液凝固blood group 血型blood flow 血流量blood pressure 血压blood transfusion 输血blood volume 血量body surface area 体表面积body temperature 体温bohr effect 波尔效应bone condution 骨传导bradykinin 缓激肽brain gut peptide 脑肠肽brain-derived neurotrophic factor,bdnf 脑源型神经生长因子* bulbogestrone 球抑胃素burst promoting activator 爆式促进活性物质*Ccalcitonin,CT降钙素calcitonin gene-related peptide 降钙素基因相关肽 calcium 钙calcium-induced calcium release 钙触发钙释放calcium pump 钙泵calcium-sodium channel 钙钠通道calcium transient 钙瞬变*calmodulin,CaM 钙调蛋白calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, 依赖钙调蛋白的蛋白激酶 calorigenic effect 生热效应*capacitance vessel容量血管capacitation 精子获能capillary 毛细血管carbaminohemoglobin 氨基甲酸血红蛋白*carbon dioxide dissociation curve 二氧化碳解离曲线carbon monoxide, CO 一氧化碳carbonic anhydrase 碳酸酐酶cardiac conduction system 心脏传导系统cardiac cycle 心动周期cardiac efficiency 心脏的效率cardiac index心指数cardiac output心输出量cardiac reserve 心力贮备cardiopulmonary receptor 心肺感受器 cardiopulmonary receptor reflex 心肺感受器反射 cardiovascular center心血管中枢cardiovascular reflex心血管反射carrier载体catecholamine, CA 儿茶酚胺cell 细胞cell membrane 细胞膜center 中枢feeding, 摄食中枢satiety 饱中枢central chemoreceptor中枢化学感受器central delay 中枢延搁central nervous system 中枢神经系统central temperature receptor 中枢温度感受器central venous pressure 中心静脉压cerebellum 小脑cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液channel通道characteristic frequency 特征频率chemoreceptor化学感受器chemically gated ion channel化学门控通道chemoreflex化学感受器性反射cheyne-stokes respiration 陈施活呼吸*chloride shift 氯转移cholecystokinin(CCK)胆囊收缩素cholesterol 胆固醇cholinergic fiber 胆碱能纤维chronotropic action 变时作用chylomicron 乳糜微粒circadian rhythm 日节律cold receptor 冷感受器coldsensitive neuron 冷敏神经元collecting duct 集合管colloid osmotic pression 胶体渗透压colony-forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位colony stimulating factor, CSF集落刺激因子color vision 颜色视觉committed progenitor定向祖细胞*compensatory pause 代偿性间歇competitive inhibition 竞争抑制complement 补体complete tetanus完全强直收缩compliance 顺应性conditioned reflex条件反射conduction传导conduction block传导阻滞conductivity传导性cone 视锥细胞contractility 收缩能力(肌)convection对流convergence 会聚convergence reflex辐辏反射core temperature 体核温度coronary circulation 冠脉循环cortical association area 皮层联络区corticotropinreleasing hormone,CRH 促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素 cortisol皮质醇cotransport 同向转运countercurrent multiplication 逆流倍增*creatine phosphate 磷酸肌酸creatinine 肌苷cross bridge 横桥cross bridge cycling 横桥周期crossmatch test交叉配血试验cross-talk 交互对话crystal osmotic pressure 晶体渗透压cyanosis 发绀cyclic AMP,cAMP环一磷腺苷Cyclic GMP,cGMP环一磷鸟苷Cytokine 细胞因子Cytoskeleton 细胞骨架DDale’s principle 戴尔原则dark adaptation暗适应deactivation 去激活decapacitation 精子去能defecation reaction 排便反射defense reaction 防御反应defense zone 防御反应区deglutition 吞咽dendrite 树突dendritic spine 树突棘dense area 致密区dense body 致密体deoxyhemoglobin 去氧血红蛋白 dendrodendrtic inhibition树突树突型抑制depolarzation 去极化(除极)depolariting afterpotential去极化后电位depressor reflex 降压反射(减压反射) desensitization 脱敏diacylglycerol,DG二酰甘油diapedesis 血细胞渗出*diastole 舒张(心舒)期diastolic pressure 舒张压dicrotic nothch 降中峡differential sensitivity 特异敏感性diffusion 扩散diffusion rate 扩散速率digestion消化1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol 1,25-双羟维生素 D3* direct calorimetry 直接测热法distribution vessel 分配血管*diuresis 利尿dominant cerebral hemisphere 优势半球* dopamine, DA 多巴胺down regulation 减量调节dromtropic action变传导作用dynamic compliance 动态顺应性dynamic lung volume 动态肺活量Eearly pregnancy factor 早孕因子ectopic pacemaker 异位起博点effective filtration pressure 有效滤过压effective refractory period 有效不应期ejection fraction 射血分数ejection period(phase)射血期(相)elastic resistance 弹性阻力electric synapse 电突触electrocardiogram心电图electrochemical potential电化学势 electroencephalogram,EEG脑电图electrotonic propagation 电紧张性扩布emergency reaction 应急反应emotion 情绪emotion reaction 情绪反应emmetropia 正视眼*encoding编码(作用)endocrine 内分泌endocytosis 入胞endothelin 内皮素endothelium-derived relaxing factor,EDRF内皮舒张因子 endplate potential终板电位energy metabolism rate 能量代谢率energy metabolism能量代谢enteric nervous system 肠神经系统 enterogastric reflex肠胃反射enterogastrone 肠抑胃素*enterokinase 肠致活酶*eosnophils 嗜酸性粒细胞epidermal growth factor 表皮生长因子 epinephrine,E 肾上腺素erection 勃起erythrocyte 红细胞erythrocyte sedimentation rate 红细胞沉降率erythrocyte suspension stability 红细胞悬浮稳定性 erythropoiesis 红细胞生成*erythropoietin,EPO 促红细胞生成素Estradiol,E2 雌二醇estriol雌三醇estrone 雌酮*eupn(o)ea (quiet breathing)平静呼吸evaporation 蒸发evoked potential诱发电位exchange vessel交换血管excitability 兴奋性excitable cell可兴奋细胞excitation 兴奋excitationcontraction coupling 兴奋收缩耦联excitatory postsynaptic potential兴奋性突触后电位 exocrine 腔分泌*exocytosis 出胞expiration 呼气expiratory reserve volume 补呼气量external respiration 外呼吸extinction 消退*extracellular fluid 细胞外液extracellular matrix, ECM 细胞外基质* extrafuxla fiber梭外肌纤维*extrapyramidal system锥体外系extrasystole 期外收缩*extrinsic route 外源性激活途径*Ffacilitated diffusion 易化扩散facilitated diffusion through ion channel经通道的易化扩散 facilitated diffusion via carrier经载体的易化扩散 facilitation易化postsynaptic, 突触后易化 presynaptic, 突触前易化facilitatory region 易化区fast pain快痛feedback反馈negative, 负反馈positive, 正反馈feedback control反馈控制feedforward 前馈ferritin 铁蛋白*fibrinogen 纤维蛋白原fibrinolytic system纤维蛋白溶解系统filling period(phase) 充盈期(相)filtration 滤过filtration coefficient 滤过系数filtration pressure equilibrium滤过压平衡firing level 燃点*fluid massaic model液态镶嵌模型folic acid 叶酸*folliclestimulating hormone,FSH 卵泡刺激素*food specific dynamic effect 食物特殊动力效应 force velocity relation curve 张力速度关系曲线forced expiratory volume 用力呼气量forced vital capacity 用力肺活量forced breathing 用力呼吸frequency range of hearing 听域*functional residual volume 功能余气量GG protein G蛋白G protein effector G蛋白效应器G protein-linked receptor G蛋白偶联受体gap junction 缝隙连接gas eschange 气体交换gastric empty 胃排空gastric inhibitory polypeptide(GIP) 抑胃肽*gastrin 胃泌素*gastrointestinal hormone 胃肠激素gated theory 闸门学说*generator potential 发生器电位*glomerular filtration 肾小球滤过glomerular filtration rate 肾小球滤过率 glomerulotubular balance 球管平衡*glucagon 胰高血糖素*glucocorticoids 糖皮质激素*glutamate 谷氨酸glycine 甘氨酸gonadotropinreleasing hormone,GnRH 促性腺激素释放激素 gonads 性腺*granulocyte 粒细胞growth hormone releaseinhibiting hormone 生长抑素 growth hormone releasing hormone,GHRH 生长素释放激素 growth hormone,GH 生长素guanine nucleotidebinding protein(Gprotein)鸟苷酸结合蛋白(G蛋白)*Hhabituation 习惯化*hearing threshold 听域*heart sound 心音hematocrit 血细胞比容*hematopoietic growth factor,HGF造血生长因子 hemoglobin,Hb血红蛋白hemopoiesis 造血hemopoiesis microenvironment 造血微环境*hemopoitric stem cells 造血干细胞*hemostasis 止血*heparin 肝素histamine 组胺homeostasis 稳态hormone 激素human chorionic gonadotropin,HCG人绒毛膜促性腺激素* human leukocyte antigen,HLA人白细胞抗原*Humoral regulation 体液调节hydrochloric acid 盐酸*5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT 5-羟色胺 hyperalgesia 痛觉过敏 hyperpolarization 超极化hypophyseal portal system 垂体门脉系统* hypothalamus regulatory peptide,HRP下丘脑调节肽Iimmediateearly gene 快速(即早)基因inactivation失活incomplete tetanus 不完全强直收缩inhibin抑制素inhibitory postsynaptic potential抑制性突触后电位initial length 初长度initial segment 始段inositol triphosphate 三磷酸肌醇inotropic action变力作用insensible evaporation 不感蒸发(不显汗)inspiration 吸气inspiratory capacity 深吸气量inspiratory offswitch mechanism吸气切断机制* inspiratory reserve volume 补吸气量insulin 胰岛素insulin like growth factor,IGFI 胰岛素样生长因子 I* internal environment 内环境interstitial fluid 组织液intrafusal fiber梭内肌纤维*intrapulmonary pressure 肺内压intrapulmonary pressure 胸膜腔内压intrinsic factor内因子intrinsic route 内源性激活途径inulin 菊粉*ion channel 离子通道ion pump 离子泵isometric contraction 等长收缩isotonic contraction等张收缩isotonic solution 等张溶液isovolumic diastole 等容舒张期isovolumic systole 等容收缩期Jjunctional cleft 接头间隙*juxtaglomerular apparatus 近球小体*KK+ equilibrium potential K+平衡电位 kallikreinkinin system激肽释放酶激肽系统kinocilium动毛*Llactation 授乳*laminar flow 层流*laterality cerebral dominance 一侧优势lengthtension curve 长度张力曲线learning 学习leukocyte 白细胞ligand 配体light adaptation明适应limbic system 边缘系统*lipase 胰脂肪酶*local circuit neuron 局部回路神经元*local excitation局部兴奋local neuronal circuit 局部神经元回路*long term depression,LTD 长时性抑制*longterm potentiation,LTP长时程增强lung compliance 肺顺应性lung volume 肺容积luteinizing hormone,LH 黄体生成素*lymph 淋巴液lymphocyte 淋巴细胞Mmacular densa 致密斑*mastication 咀嚼mass peristalsis 集团蠕动*maximal repolarization potential最大复极电位*mean circulatory filling pressure 循环系统平均充盈压 mechanoreceptor 机械感受器* megakaryocytes 巨核细胞*melanocyte-stimulating hormone,MSH 促黑细胞激素* melatonin 褪黑素*menstruation 月经mental sweating 精神性发汗*metabolism新陈代谢microcirculation 微循环microphonic potential微音器电位microvilli 微绒毛micturition 排尿micturition desire 排尿欲*migrating motility complex(MMC)移动性运动综合波milk-ejection reflex 射乳反射*minute ventilation volume 每分通气量minute volume(heart) 每分输出量minute work(heart) 每分功(心脏)modulator调质monocyte 单核细胞motilin 胃动素*motor column 运动柱mucus 粘液mucusbicarbonate barrier粘液碳酸氢盐屏障multiunit smooth muscle 多单位平滑肌*muscarinic receptor毒蕈碱受体muscle spindle 肌梭muscle tonus 肌紧张myocardial contractility 心肌收缩能力myofilament sliding theory 肌丝滑行理论myofibril肌原纤维*myosin 肌凝蛋白(肌球蛋白)Nnerve 神经nervous regulation 神经调节 neurocrine 神经分泌*neuroendocrine system 神经内分泌系统 neuroglia 神经胶质细胞 neurohormone 神经激素neuromodulator 神经调质*neuron 神经元afferent neuron 传入神经元efferent neuron 传出神经元 neurotransmitter神经递质neurotrophin,NT 神经营养因子* neutrophil中性粒细胞nitric oxide, NO 一氧化氮* nicotinic receptor菸碱型受体nonassociative learning 非联合型学习nonprotein respiratory quotient,NPRQ非蛋白呼吸商 nonrhythmic cell非自律细胞nonspecific projection system非特异投射系统nonsynaptic chemical transmission 非突触性化学传递 norepinephrine,NE 去甲肾上腺素Ooperate conditioned reflex操作条件反射*opsin 视蛋白*optimal length 最适初长度optimal preload 最适前负荷osmotic diuresis 渗透性利尿osmotic fragility 渗透脆性osmotic pressure of plasma 血浆渗透压overdrive suppression 超速驱动压抑ovulation 排卵oxygen capacity 氧容量oxygen content氧含量oxygen dissociation curve 氧离曲线oxygen saturation 氧饱和度oxytocin,OXT催产素Ppacemaker起搏点pain 痛觉paracrine 旁分泌paradoxical sleep 异相睡眠paralysis 麻痹paralysis agitans 震颤麻痹*parapyramidal system旁锥体系*parasympathetic nerve 副交感神经parathyroid hormone,PTH 甲状旁腺激素*passive transport 被动转运patch clamp 膜片钳pencreatic amylase 胰淀粉酶*pepsinogen 胃蛋白酶原*periodic breathing 周期性呼吸peripheral chemoreceptor外周化学感受器peripheral resistance 外周阻力peripheral venous pressure 外周静脉压peristalsis 蠕动permeability 通透性permissive action允许作用phonocardiogram心音图*phospholipid 磷脂photopic vision昼视觉physiological dead space 生理无效腔physiology 生理学pinocytosis 吞饮*plasma 血浆plasma cell浆细胞plasma membrane 质膜plasmin 纤维蛋白溶解酶原*plasticity 可塑性platelets,thrombocyte 血小板pleural cavity 胸膜腔pneumotaxic center呼吸调节中枢*pneumothorax气胸poiseuilli’s law 泊隶叶定律*polarization 极化postcapillary resistance 毛细血管后阻力postsynaptic inhibition突触后抑制postural refelex姿势反射potential 电位precapillary resistance 毛细血管前阻力precapillary sphincter毛细血管前括约肌* preferential channel通血毛细血管*preferential pathway优势传导通路preload 前负荷premature systole(extrasystole) 期前收缩(期外收缩) presynaptic inhibition突触前抑制presynaptic receptor突触前受体progesterone,P孕酮*prolactin,PRL催乳素*proopiomelanocrtin,POMC 促阿片黑素细胞皮质素原* prostaglandin,PG前列腺素*protein kinase C,PKC 蛋白激酶 Cprotooncogene 原癌基因pulmonary circulation 肺循环pulmonary diffusion capacity肺扩散容量*pulmonary stretch reflex肺牵张反射pulmonary surfactant 肺表面活性物质pulmonary ventilation 肺通气pulse pressure 脉搏压*purkinje cell 浦肯野细胞pyramidal system锥体系Qquantal release 量子式释放Rradiation 辐射rapid ejection period(phase)快速射血期(相)reabsorption 重吸收receptive relaxation 容受性舒张receptor 感受器,受体receptor-mediated endocytosis 受体介导的入胞receptor potential 感受器电位reflex arc 反射弧reflex 反射conditioned, 条件反射crossed extensor, 对侧屈肌反射*operant conditioning, 操作式条件反射*stretch, 牵张反射*tendon, 腱反射*unconditioned, 非条件反射reactivation复活reciprocal synapse 交互性突触recurrent inhibition回返性抑制reduced eye 简化眼referred pain牵涉痛relative refractory period 相对不应期renal blood flow 肾血流量renal clearence 肾清除率renal plasma flow 肾血浆流量reninangiotensinaldosterone system肾素血管紧张素醛固酮系统 reninangiotensin sysem肾素血管紧张素系统reninangiotensinaldosterone system肾小球滤过率Renshaw cell闰绍细胞*repolarization 复极化reproduction生殖*residual volume 余气量resistance vessel阻力血管respiration 呼吸respiratory movement 呼吸运动respiratory quotient呼吸商resting potential 静息电位resting cardiac index静息心指数resting tension静息张力retinal视黄醛*retrograde amnesia 逆行性遗忘症*rh blood group system rh 血型系统rhodopsin 视紫红质*rigidity 僵直decerebrate,去大脑僵直decorticate, 去皮层僵直rhythmic cell自律细胞righting reflex翻正反射*rod 视杆细胞*Ssaltatory conduction跳跃式传导sarcomere 肌小节*scotopic vision暗视觉second messenger第二信使secondary active transport 继发性主动转运secretin 促胰液素*secretion 分泌segmentation contraction 分节运动sensible perspiration 可感蒸发sensory area 感觉区sensory column 感觉柱sensory projection system感觉投射系统serum血清set point调定点sex hormonebinding globulin,SHBG性激素结合球蛋白* sham rage 假怒shamfeeding 假饲short term memory 短时性记忆*shivering 寒颤signal transduction信号转导simple diffusion 单纯扩散single twitch 单收缩singleunit smooth muscle 单位平滑肌单位*sinus rhythm 窦性节律skin temperature 皮肤温度slow pain 慢痛slow wave sleep 慢波睡眠sodium pump 钠泵somatomedin,SM生长介素*specific compliance 比顺应性specific dynamic action 食物的特殊动力作用specific projection system特异投射系统spike potential锋电位spinal shock脊休克spatial summation 空间性总和split brain 裂脑*spontaneous depolarization 自动去极化stereocilia 静毛*stimulus 刺激stress 应激stretch reflex牵张反射stroke volume 每搏输出量stroke work搏功subliminal(subthreshold)stimulus 阈下刺激subnormal period 低常期supplementary motor area 运动辅助区*suppressor region 抑制区*supranormal period 超常期swallowing 吞咽sweating(perspiration) 发汗sympathetic nerve 交感神经synaptic knob,synaptic bouton突触小体systole 收缩(心缩期)systolic pressure 收缩压Ttempoal summation 时间性总和testosterone,T睾酮*tetanus 强直收缩tetraethylammonium四乙基铵*tetrodotoxin 河豚毒*theory of traveling wave 行波理论thermal equivalent 热价thermal equivalent of oxygen 氧热价thoracic breathing胸式呼吸threshold 阈值threshold potential阈电位thrombin 凝血酶*thymosin 胸腺素*thyroglobulin,TG甲状腺球蛋白*thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH 促甲状腺激素thyrotropinreleaxing hormone,TRH 促甲状腺激素释放激素3,5,3’triiodothyronine,T3 三碘甲腺原氨酸thyroxin,3,5,3’,5’tetraiodlthyronine,T4 甲状腺素(四碘甲腺原氨酸)* thyroxinebinding globulin,TBG甲状腺素结合球蛋白*tidal volume 潮气量timed vital capacity时间肺活量total lung capacity肺总量transducin 传递蛋白*transmembrane resting potential跨膜静息电位 transmembrane signal transduction跨膜信号转换 transmembrane signaling 跨膜信号传递trophic action营养性作用tropnin 肌钙蛋白(原宁蛋白)*tropomyosin 原肌凝蛋白*trypsinogen 胰蛋白酶原*tubuloglomerular feedback管球反馈turbulence 湍流tyrosine kinase receptor酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体*Uup regulation 上调upper motorneuron paralysis 上行运动神经元麻痹* Vvagus nerve 迷走神经varicosity 曲张体vasoconstrictor fiber缩血管神经纤维vasodilator fiber舒血管纤维vasopressin,vp升压素velocity of blood flow 血流速度venous return 静脉回心血量venrticular diastole 心室舒张期ventilationperfusion ratio 通气/血流比值ventral respiratory group 腹侧呼吸组*ventricular function curve 心室功能曲线 ventricular systole 心室收缩期visceral pain内脏痛viscosity 粘滞度visual acuity 视敏度*visual field 视野vital capacity肺活量voltage clamp 电压钳voltagegated channel电压门控通道volume receptor容量感受器vomiting 呕吐vullus 绒毛Wwarmsensitive neuron 热敏神经元water diuresis 水利尿working(cardiac)cell工作(心肌)细胞αboockα波阻断αmotor neruon α运动神经元γmotor neuron γ运动神经元注:带*者为七年制本硕班应额外掌握的单词。
生理学名词中英文对照第一章绪论1. 稳态(homeostasis)2. 旁分泌(paracrine)3. 自身调节(autoregulation)4. 负反馈(negative feedback)5. 正反馈(positive feedback)6. 前馈(feed-forward)第二章细胞的基本功能7. 经载体易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via carrier)8. 经通道易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via channel)9. 电压门控通道(voltage-gated ion channel)10. 化学门控通道(chemical-gated ion channel)11. 机械门控通道(mechanically-gated ion channel)12. 原发性主动转运(primary active transport)13. 继发性主动转运(secondary active transport)14. 同向转运(symport)15. 反向转运(antiport)16. 兴奋性(excitability)17. 阈强度(threshold intensity)18. 极化(polarization)19. 去极化(depolarization)20. 超极化(hyperpolarization)21. 复极化(repolarization)22. 内向电流(inward current)23. 外向电流(outward current)24. 电化学驱动力(electrochemical driving force)25. 静息电位(resting potential)26. 平衡电位(equilibrium potential)27. 动作电位(action potential)28. “全或无”现象(“all or none” phenomenon)29. 阈电位(threshold potential)30. 局部电位(local potential)31. 兴奋-收缩耦联(excitation-contraction coupling)32. 等长收缩(isometric contraction)33. 等张收缩(isotonic contraction)34. 钙触发钙释放(calcium induced calcium release)35. 前负荷(preload)36. 后负荷(afterload)37.肌肉收缩能力(contractility)38. 运动单位(motor unit)第三章血液39. 血细胞比容(hematocrit)40. 血浆晶体渗透压(plasma crystal osmotic pressure)41. 血浆胶体渗透压(plasma colloid osmotic pressure)42. 悬浮稳定性(suspension stability)43. 红细胞渗透脆性(osmotic fragility)44. 血小板聚集(platelet aggregation)45. 生理性止血(hemostasis)46. 出血时间(bleeding time)47. 凝血时间(clotting time)48. 血液凝固(blood coagulation)49. 血清(serum)50. 凝血因子(clotting factor or coagulation factor)51. 内源性凝血途径(intrinsic pathway)52. 外源性凝血途径(extrinsic pathway)53. 纤维蛋白溶解(fibrinolysis)54. 血型(blood group)55. 红细胞凝集(agglutination)56. 交叉配血试验(cross-match test)第四章血液循环57. 心动周期(cardiac cycle)58. 等容收缩期(period of isovolumic contraction)59. 等容舒张期(period of isovolumic relaxation)60. 每搏输出量(stroke volume)61. 射血分数(ejection fraction)62. 心输出量(cardiac output)63. 心指数(cardiac index)64. 异长自身调节(heterometric autoregulation)65. 心室功能曲线(ventricular function curve)66. 心肌收缩能力(myocardial contractility)67. 等长调节(homometric regulation)68. 快反应细胞(fast response cell)69. 慢反应细胞(slow response cell)70. 期前收缩(premature systole)71. 代偿间歇(compensatory pause)72. 自动节律性(autorhythmicity)73. 正常起搏点(normal pacemaker)74. 潜在起搏点(latent pacemaker)75. 异位起搏点(ectopic pacemaker)76. 房室延搁(atrioventricular delay)77. 血流阻力(blood resistance)78. 动脉血压(arterial blood pressure)79. 收缩压(systolic pressure)80. 舒张压(diastolic pressure)81. 平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure)82. 中心静脉压(central venous pressure)83. 微循环(microcirculation)84. 有效滤过压(effective filtration pressure)85. 压力感受性反射(baroreceptor reflex)第五章呼吸86. 肺通气(pulmonary ventilation)87. 肺换气(gas exchange in lungs)88. 弹性阻力(elastic resistance)89. 顺应性(compliance)90. 比顺应性(specific compliance)91. 肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant)92. 气道阻力(airway resistance)93. 潮气量(tidal volume)94. 余气量(residual volume)95. 功能余气量(functional residual capacity)96. 肺活量(vital capacity)97. 用力肺活量(forced vital capacity)98. 用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume)99. 解剖无效腔(anatomic dead space)100.肺泡无效腔(alveolar dead space)101.肺泡通气量(alveolar ventilation)102.通气/血流比值(ventilation/perfusion ratio) 103.氧容量(oxygen capacity)104.氧含量(oxygen content)105.氧饱和度(oxygen saturation)106.氧解离曲线(oxygen dissociation curve)107.肺牵张反射(pulmonary stretch reflex)第六章消化与吸收108.机械性消化(mechanical digestion)109.慢波(slow wave)110.胃肠激素(gastrointestinal hormone)111.黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障(mucus-bicarbonate barrier)112.胃黏膜屏障(gastric mucosal barrier)113.容受性舒张(receptive relaxation)114.胃的排空(gastric emptying)115.肠-胃反射(entero-gastric reflex)116.分节运动(segmental motility)第七章能量代谢与体温117. 能量代谢(energy metabolism)118. 食物的热价(thermal equivalent of food)119. 氧热价(thermal equivalent of oxygen)120. 呼吸商(respiratory quotient)121. 基础代谢率(basal metabolism rate)122. 体温(body temperature)123. 温热性发汗(thermal sweating)第八章尿的生成和排出124.管-球反馈(tubuloglomerular feedback)125.肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate)126.滤过分数(filtration fraction)127.溶剂拖曳(solvent drag)128.肾糖阈(renal threshold for glucose)129.渗透性利尿(osmotic diuresis)130.球-管平衡(glomerulotubular balance)131.清除率(clearance rate)第九章神经系统的功能132.突触传递(synaptic transmission)133.电突触(electrical synapse)134.经典的突触(classical synapse)135.非定向突触(non-directed synapse)136.兴奋性突触后电位(excitatory postsynaptic potential) 137.抑制性突触后电位(inhibitory postsynaptic potential) 138.神经递质(neurotransmitter)139.神经调质(neuromodulator)140.激动剂(agonist)141.拮抗剂(antagonist)142.上调(up regulation)143.下调(down regulation)144.胆碱能纤维(cholinergic fiber)145.肾上腺素能纤维(adrenergic fiber)146.突触后抑制(postsynaptic inhibition)147.回返性抑制(recurrent inhibition)148.突触前抑制(presynaptic inhibition)149.适宜刺激(adequate stimulus)150.换能作用(transducer function)151.特异投射系统(specific projection system)152.非特异投射系统(nonspecific projection system)153.牵涉痛(referred pain)154.瞳孔对光反射(pupillary light reflex)155.瞳孔近反射(near reflex of the pupil)156.视敏度(visual acuity)157.暗适应(dark adaptation)158.视野(visual field)159.耳蜗内电位(endocochlear potential)160.耳蜗微音器电位(cochlear microphonic potential)161.眼震颤(nystagmus)162.脊髓休克(spinal shock)163.牵张反射(stretch reflex)164.腱反射(tendon reflex)165.肌紧张(muscle tonus)166.去大脑僵直(decerebrate rigidity)167.α僵直(α-rigidity)168.γ僵直(γ-rigidity)169.脑电图(electroencephalogram)170.网状结构上行激动系统(ascending reticular activating system)171.慢波睡眠(slow wave sleep)第十章内分泌172.激素(hormone)173.允许作用(permissive action)174.长反馈(long-loop feedback)175.短反馈(short-loop feedback)176.超短反馈(ultrashort-loop feedback)177.下丘脑调节肽(hypothalamic regulatory peptides)178.碘阻滞效应(Wolff-Chaikoff effect)179.应激(stress)180.应急反应(emergency reaction)(温州医科大学基础医学院生理学教研室)2013年9月2日。