历年高考实用类人物传记真题集(后附参考答案)

2020年高考语文专题：人物传记【实战演练一2018全国】阅读下面的文字，完成4～6题。

赵一曼女士阿成伪满时期的哈尔滨市立医院，如今仍是医院。

后来得知赵一曼女士曾在这里住过院，我便翻阅了她的一些资料。

赵一曼女士，是一个略显瘦秀且成熟的女性。

在她身上弥漫着拔俗的文人气质和职业军人的冷峻。

在任何地方，你都能看出她有别于他人的风度。

赵一曼女士率领的抗联活动在小兴安岭的崇山峻岭中，那儿能够听到来自坡镇的钟声。

冬夜里，钟声会传得很远很远。

钟声里，抗联的兵士在森林里烤火，烤野味儿，或者唱着“火烤胸前暖，风吹背后寒……战士们哟”……这些都给躺在病床上的赵一曼女士留下清晰回忆。

赵一曼女士单独一间病房，由警察昼夜看守。

白色的小柜上有一个玻璃花瓶，里面插着丁香花。

赵一曼女士喜欢丁香花。

这束丁香花，是女护士韩勇义折来摆放在那里的。

听说，丁香花现在已经成为这座城市的“市花”了。

她是在山区中了日军的子弹后被捕的。

滨江省警务厅的大野泰治对赵一曼女士进行了严刑拷问，始终没有得到有价值的回答，他觉得很没面子。

大野泰治在向上司呈送的审讯报告上写道:赵一曼是中国共产党珠河县委委员，在该党工作上有与赵尚志同等的权力。

她是北满共产党的重要干部，通过对此人的严厉审讯，有可能澄清中共与苏联的关系。

1936年初，赵一曼女士以假名“王氏”被送到医院监禁治疗。

《滨江省警务厅关于赵一曼的情况》扼要地介绍了赵一曼女士从市立医院逃走和被害的情况。

赵一曼女士是在6月28日逃走的。

夜里，看守董宪勋在他叔叔的协助下，将赵一曼抬出医院的后门。

一辆雇好的出租车已等在那里。

几个人上了车，车立刻就开走了。

出租车开到文庙屠宰场的后面，韩勇义早就等候在那里，扶着赵一曼女士上了雇好的轿子，大家立刻向宾县方向逃去。

赵一曼女士住院期间，发现警士董宪勋似乎可以争取。

经过一段时间的观察、分析，她觉得有把握去试一试。

她躺在病床上，和蔼地问董警士:“董先生，您一个月的薪俸是多少?”董警士显得有些忸怩，“十多块钱吧……”赵一曼女士遗憾地笑了，说:“真没有想到，薪俸会这样少。

2014全国高考汇编阅读之人物传记类一（2014广东卷）ASamuel Osmond is a 19-year-old law student from Cornwall, England. He never studied the piano. However, he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them. He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts. Then he thinks about the notes in his head. Two years ago, he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata（奏鸣曲）by Beethoven. He surprised everyone around him.Amazed that he remembered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly, his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable .They say his ability is very rare, but Samuel doesn’t even realize that what he can do is special. Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents, but music teachers told him he should study music instead. Now, he studies law and music.Samuel can’t understand why everyone is so surprised. “I grew up with music. My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar. About two years ago, I suddenly decided to start playing the piano, without being able to read music and without having any lessons. It comes easily to me ---I hear the notes and can bear them in mind---each and every note,” says Samuel.Recently, Samuel performed a piece during a special event at his college. The piece had more than a thousand notes. The audience was impressed by his amazing performance. He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can’t play it. Samuel says confidently,” It’s all about super memory---I guess I have that gift.”However, Samuel’s ability to remember things doesn’t stop with music. His family says that even when he was a young boy, Samuel heard someone read a story, and then he could retell the story word for word.Samuel is still only a teenager. He doesn’t know what he wants to do in the future. For now, he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies.26.What is special about Samuel Osmond?A. He has a gift for writing music.B. He can write down the note he hears.C. He is a top student at the law school.D. He can play the musical piece he hears.27.What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A. Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents.B. Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.C. Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.D. Samuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers.28.Everyone around Samuel was surprised because he _________.A.received a good early education in musicB.played the guitar and the piano perfectlyC.could play the piano without reading musicD.could play the guitar better than his father29.What can we infer about Samuel in Paragraph 4?A.He became famous during a special event at his college.B.He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately.C.He plays the piano better than many professional pianists.D.He impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces.30.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A.The Qualities of a MusicianB.The Story of a Musical TalentC.The Importance of Early EducationD.The Relationship between Memory and Music.【考点】考察人物传记类阅读【文章大意】本文主要讲述了一位音乐天才的事情，在不懂乐谱，也从来没有上过钢琴课的情况下就能够演奏很难的乐曲。

高考语文实用类文本阅读----人物传记练习一二、吉林省五校高考高端命题研究协作体2016届第一次摸底考试语文试题阅读下面的文字，完成（1）～（4）题。

（25分）纳什：无常命运中的美丽心灵对于很多人来说，数学家可能是遥不可及的存在。

他们醉心于那个由各种抽象符号组成的世界，而似乎离现实很远很远。

《美丽心灵》以诺贝尔经济学奖获奖者约翰·纳什的经历为素材，讲述了一位患上精神分裂症的数学天才，在爱与理智的帮助下，逐渐痊愈的感人故事。

但电影毕竟是艺术抽象，它偏重于纳什博士与精神分裂症抗争的过程。

那么，他属于数学家的一面，又是如何呢？“这人是个天才。

”这就是纳什的硕士导师给他写的推荐信，只有一句话的推荐信。

约翰·纳什的确是个天才。

中学时代，他就开始在附近的大学旁听高等数学的课程了。

尔后，他得到了卡耐基技术学院的奖学金，攻读数学。

仅仅用了三年时间，他就完成了硕士学位。

哈佛大学与普林斯顿大学都向他伸出了橄榄枝。

普林斯顿提供的奖学金比较多，纳什认为这表明普林斯顿更看重他的才能。

“士为知己者死“，纳什选择了普林斯顿。

刚进入普林斯顿的纳什，不像电影描述的那个腼腆的天才。

相反，他属于骄傲好胜的类型。

他不爱上课不爱看书，相对于跟随前人的步伐，他更喜欢自己在数学的世界探索。

吹着巴赫曲子的口哨，他可以独自做上一整夜数学，不知疲倦。

但普林斯顿并不是只有他一位数学天才。

这些天才凑在一起，总爱分个高下，而像国际象棋和围棋之类的智力对抗游戏恐怕最对他们的胃口了，不像电影中描述的那样，纳什其实算得上下棋高手。

实际上，纳什当时研究的博弈论，正是一门以各种博弈为研究对象的应用数学分支。

当纳什在1950年发表对非合作博弈的研究时，博弈学界眼前为之一亮。

以此为题材，纳什完成了他的博士论文。

可是，此时纳什的研究兴趣早已转向更纯粹的数学领域。

甚至在他完成博士论文之前，他已经开始对代数几何——一个高度抽象的数学领域——产生了兴趣，并作出了一些开拓性的研究。

传记答案一、2014年新课标Ⅱ卷(1) A、D【解析】B项错误在于，不是“建议”他“当即回国”。

C项错误在于不是如该项所说“填补了世界真菌研究领域的空白”。

E项错误在于还没如该项所说的成为现实。

考点定位：此题考点为分析语言特色，把握文章结构，概括中心意思。

能力层级为分析综合C。

(2) 答:现实因素：他早年的学生沈其益受东北解放区领导委托，特地到上海邀请他。

思想基础：他心中有要为民族富强而奋斗终生的志愿；他从小受到母亲关于爱国和做人的教育；他内心深处，对共产党抱有希望和向往，愿与民族同甘苦，共命运。

【解析】解答此题，要抓住题干中“现实原因”和“思想基础”二词，然后分别作答。

考点定位：此题考点为分析语言特色，把握文章结构，概括中心意思。

能力层级为分析综合C。

(3).答:①当他得知国内岭南大学急需一位植物病理学教授时，他为了报效祖国，放弃即将得到博士学位，当即回国。

②他带领研究小组顶烈日、冒风雨勘察森林资源情况。

③拒绝就任农林部副部长，举家迁往甘肃，进行黄河上游水土保持的研究。

④新中国成立后，他把抗日战争前在南京购建的花园洋房捐献给国家，还三次主动提出减薪，抗美援期时，他将自己的积蓄捐作军用。

此外，他还谢绝了巨额酬金。

【解析】解答此题，要紧扣题干中“如何主动牺牲个人利益、为国分忧”一语，在文本和“相关链接”中筛选有关信息，然后分条作答。

考点定位：此题考点为从不同的角度和层面发掘文本所反映的人生价值和时代精神。

能力层级为探究F。

(4). 答①为了报效祖国，在祖国需要自己的时候牺牲个人利益果断回国。

②为了搜集第一手资料进行科学研究，他不惧艰险，深入实地考察，辛勤工作。

③为国家付出自己的一切：捐献家产和巨额酬金，主动提出减薪等。

④不为官位和金钱所诱。

【解析】回答此题，要抓住题目“作为一位爱国科学家”的限制，在文本和“相关链接”中认真筛选相关信息，然后分条作答。

考点定位：此题考点为从不同的角度和层面发掘文本所反映的人生价值和时代精神。

人物传记试题及答案精选人物传记试题及答案人物传记具有很高的历史价值和人格引导意义，我们现在看当今社会的很多问题，答案却往往能从前人的经历里面去寻找。

因此为后人留下我们对当今社会和时代的思考，是一件很必要的事情。

以下是小编精心整理的人物传记试题及答案，欢迎阅读与收藏。

一、《贝多芬之吻》1985年9月，我在西德萨尔布吕肯给一些年轻的钢琴家上主修课时感到，如果我在某个学生的背上轻轻拍一下的话，他会弹得更好些。

由于他的卓越的演奏，我在全班同学面前表扬了他。

这种即刻的超常发挥使自己和全班同学都大为惊奇。

仅仅几句赞扬的话对他产生了奇效。

这件事使我想起了自己得到第一次表扬的是多么高兴和自豪。

我当时7岁，爸爸让我在花园帮忙干活，我使出了全身的劲儿干完活后得到了最好的奖赏：父亲吻了一下说：谢谢你，孩子，你干得好。

60多年后父亲话仍在我耳边回响。

16岁时因和音乐老师发生了分歧使我陷入了困境。

那时，李斯特最后一个在世的学生，著名钢琴家埃米尔冯索尔先生来到布达佩斯，要求我为他演奏一曲。

他认真听了我演奏的巴赫C大调《托卡塔曲》后，让我再弹几曲。

我尽全力演奏了贝多芬的钢琴奏鸣曲《悲怆》和舒曼的《蝴蝶》。

最后，当我结束演奏时，冯索尔先生站起身并在我的前额上吻了一下说：我的孩子，当我在你这么大时成了李斯特先生的学生。

在我的第一课后，李斯特先生吻了我的前额说：好好记住这个吻，它是贝多芬先生听完我的演奏后给我的吻，我已等了许多年，现在我认为你应得到它。

在我的一生中没有比冯索尔先生对我的赞扬更有意义的事了。

贝多芬之吻奇迹般地使我从困境中解脱出来，并帮助我成为的钢琴家。

不久，我将把它传给最有资格获得的人。

赞美是一种巨大的力量，是黑暗屋子里的一支蜡烛。

我为它永远发挥着自己神奇的作用而惊叹不已！试题：1、第一段中作者举了几个事例说明赞美是一种巨大的力量，是黑暗屋子里的一支蜡烛？2、为什么60年后父亲的话仍在我耳边回响？3、从课文中可以看出贝多芬把贝多芬之吻给了，把贝多芬之吻给了，又把贝多芬之吻给了我。

专题十二实用类文本阅读——传记第1讲筛选并整合文中信息(标*的为本考点题)[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]阅读下面的文字,完成题目。

寻找属于自己的句子1942年夏,陈忠实出生在陕西农村。

上中学时,陈忠实读赵树理的《三里湾》和柳青的《创业史》,得到滋养,萌发了文学梦。

也许是好事多磨,1962年高中毕业后,他未能如愿上大学读中文系。

这个20岁的青年,常常一个人坐在家乡的灞河边,想着文学,想着寻找属于自己的句子。

三年之后,陈忠实的散文《夜过流沙沟》在1965年3月8日的《西安晚报》文艺副刊上发表,他的文学生涯由此正式开始。

但直到1979年小说《信任》获得全国优秀短篇小说奖,他才确立了文学上的自信。

他感觉自己不再是一个文学爱好者和业余作者了。

是年9月25日,他加入中国作家协会。

又一个三年之后,陈忠实40岁,他的第一个短篇小说集《乡村》出版,赢得“小柳青”的名声,工作单位也换成陕西省作家协会。

他终于是一名专业作家了。

随着年岁的增长和时代的变化,陈忠实越来越觉得要从赵树理、柳青的文学中剥离出来。

他将这个愿望写进了小说《蓝袍先生》中。

小说写于1985年,一个认知作者的标志性年份。

这年的最后10天,他随中国作家代表团出访泰国。

第一次走出国门的陈忠实特意置办了一套质地不错的西装。

当他第一次穿上西装打上领带站在穿衣镜前的时候,脑海里浮现出刚完成的小说的主人公蓝袍先生。

蓝袍先生多年以来一直穿着蓝色长袍,受到同学讥笑以后才脱下蓝袍,换上“列宁装”。

陈忠实认为那是摆脱封建残余桎梏、获得精神解放的象征。

脱下穿了几十年的中山装、换上西装的那一刻,他切实意识到自己就是蓝袍先生。

1985年的泰国之行让陈忠实深受刺激,他联想起家乡人自嘲的称呼。

相比那些见多识广的城市人,他们把自己称作“乡棒”。

游逛在曼谷的超市大楼,看着五颜六色、各式各样的服装,作家觉得眼花缭乱。

那一刻,他觉得不仅自己是“乡棒”,教他观察服装的北京作家郑万隆也是“乡棒”。

高考实用类人物传记精选真题集训精选篇目1：科学巨人玻尔（ 2014年新课标Ⅰ卷）玻尔|科学家1927年，第五届索尔维物理学会议在布鲁塞尔召开，激烈的辩论很快就变成了一场爱因斯坦与玻尔之间的“决斗”。

这场辩论在三年后的第六届索尔维会议上战火再续，玻尔获得胜利，他所代表的哥本哈根学派因此获得了大多数物理学家的认同，他们对量子力学的解释也被奉为正统解释。

这次辩论就是著名的“爱因斯坦－玻尔论战”，有人称之为物理学史上的“巅峰对决”。

爱因斯坦和玻尔这两位科学巨人的背后，是现代物理学的两大基础理论——相对论和量子力学。

他们的争论旷日持久，几乎所有理论物理学家都被吸引并参与进来，乐此不疲。

尽管两人的科学理论和思想观点始终没能调和，但他们却结下了长达数十年的友谊。

玻尔高度评价他与爱因斯坦的学术之争，认为它是自己“许多新思想产生的源泉”。

爱因斯坦也称赞说：“很少有谁像玻尔那样，对隐秘的事物具有如此敏锐的直觉，同时又兼有如此强有力的批判能力。

他是我们时代科学领域伟大的发现者之一。

”与爱因斯坦更个性化的独自研究不同，玻尔周围聚集着许多杰出的理论物理学家。

他不但有革新的勇气，更是一位伟大的伯乐。

他为量子物理学培养和组织了一支创新发展的队伍，人们称之为“哥本哈根学派”。

后来的诺贝尔物理学奖获得者玻恩、海森伯、泡利以与狄拉克等都曾是其主要成员。

哥本哈根学派活动的大本营就是哥本哈根理论物理研究所。

该所是玻尔在1917年申请，并于1921年正式成立的。

他以著名科学家的身份为研究所做担保，筹集了大量资金。

在任所长的40年间，他以特有的人格魅力，吸引了世界各地的青年才俊，使研究所成为当时全世界最重要、最活跃的量子力学研究中心。

这里先后培养了600多名物理学家。

玻尔使这个科学家群体中的每个个体的力量发挥到极致，形成了以集体讨论和自由探索为特征的研究风格。

他还经常在此举办非公开的小型年会，邀请各国著名的物理学家出席，相互学习，启发交流。

高考阅读理解-人物传记类练习及答案Passage 1（2016 全国I A）You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams （1860-1935）Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community （社区）by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson （1907-1964）If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O'Connor （1930-present）When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator （参议员）and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks （1913-2005）On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tiredI was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.1. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A. Her social work.B. Her lack of proper training in law.C. Her efforts to win a prize.D. Her community background.2. What is the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm?A. Her lack of proper training in law.B. Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial conditions.3. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A. Jane Addams.B. Rachel Carson.C. Sandra Day O'Connor.D. Rosa Parks.4. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They are highly educated.B. They are truly creative.C. They are pioneers.D. They are peace-lovers.（2015 安徽B）When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity （团结）. To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn’t have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny’s mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elizabeth explains, “Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business.”Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans’ corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.1. Helene tied several chopsticks together to show ______.A. the strength of family unityB. the difficulty of growing upC. the advantage of chopsticksD. the best way of giving a lesson2. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family ______.A. started a business in 1975B. left Vietnam without much moneyC. bought a restaurant in San FranciscoD. opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles3. What can we infer about the An daughters?A. They did not finish their college education.B. They could not bear to work in the family business.C. They were influenced by what Helene taught them.D. They were troubled by disagreement among family members.4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. How to Run a CorporationB. Strength Comes from PeaceC. How to Achieve a Big DreamD. Family Unity Builds Success（2009 浙江E）Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at Photo 51. It wasn't much—a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel prize for figuring out what the photo really showed—the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Willkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.Her name was Rosalind Franklin. “She should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden. “If her photo hadn't been there, the others couldn't have come up with the structure. ” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors.At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Crick tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA's parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at King's College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule （分子）. The rays produced patterns reflecting the shape.But Wilkins and Franklin's relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick. Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant. But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.What she did was to produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return. “Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to go or be put in her place. ”As Franklin's competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin. Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklin was only two steps away from the solution. ”No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.1. What is the text mainly about?A. The disagreements among DNA researchers.B. The unfair treatment of Franklin.C. The process of discovering DNA.D. The race between two teams of scientists.2. Watson was angry with Franklin because she ______.A. took the lead in the competitionB. kept her results from himC. proved some of his findings wrongD. shared her data with other scientists3. Why is Franklin described as “Dark Lady of DNA”?A. She developed pictures in dark labs.B. She discovered the black X—the shape of DNA.C. Her name was forgotten after her death.D. Her contribution was unknown to the public.4. What is the writer's attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?A. Disapproving.B. Respectful.C. Admiring.D. Doubtful.Passage 4（2009 陕西B）When people hear a president speak, they seldom think about others helping to shape the presentation（报告）. Today, however, presidents depend on writers such as J. Terry Edmonds to help them communicate（交流）effectively. Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time speechwriter for a U. S. president; he is also the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for the White House. His is an all-American story of success.Edmonds grew up in Baltimore, Maryland; his father drove a truck, and his mother worked as a waitress. A great reader, Edmonds showed a gift for writing at his high school, Baltimore City College. After graduating in 1967, Edmonds went on to Morgan State University.Edmonds began his career in business, with jobs in public relations and communications. He joined the world of politics as news secretary for his congressman （国会议员）from Baltimore. During Bill Clinton's presidency, he wrote speeches for Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala and worked in a number of jobs in the White House and in governmental departments. President Clinton then appointed （任命）him to the office of director of speechwriting. Following the 2000 elections, Edmonds returned to Morgan State University as the school's special assistant to the president for 2001-2002.1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A. Edmonds proved himself to be good at writing at high school.B. Edmonds graduated from Morgan State University in 1967.C. Edmonds was the first full-time speechwriter.D. Edmonds served the White House after 2000.2. Edmonds entered the world of politics first as ______.A. news secretary for a congressmanB. a speechwriter for President ClintonC. news secretary in the White HouseD. a speechwriter for Secretary Donna Shalala3. The text is most likely to be found in a book about ______.A. popular scienceB. historical eventsC. successful peopleD. political systemsPassage 5（2010 湖南B）When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951, her mother told her, “Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesn't work out, you'll have something to rely on.” Mary responded in typical teenage fashion. From that moment on, “the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course,” she recalls.The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards. Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her mom, “I don't know how to use a computer,” she admits.Unlike her 1995 autobiography, After All, her second book is less about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes（糖尿病）. All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation（JDRF）, an organization she serves as international chairman. “I felt there was a need for a book like this,” she says. “I didn't want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we're self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease.”But she hasn't always practiced what she teaches. In her book, she describes that awful day, almost 40 years ago, when she received two pieces of life-changing news. First, she had lost the baby she was carrying, and second, tests showed that she had diabetes. In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts（甜甜圈）. Years would pass before she realized she had to grow up—again—and take control of her diabetes, not let it control her. Only then did she kick her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit, overcome her addiction to alcohol, and begin to follow a balanced diet.Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor, she refuses to fall into self-pity. “Everybody on earth can ask, ‘why me?’ about something or other,” she insists. “It doesn't do any good. No one is immune （免疫的）to heartache, pain, and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. I've come to realize the importance of that as I've grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.”1. Why did Mary feel regretful?A. She didn't achieve her ambition.B. She didn't take care of her mother.C. She didn't complete her high school.D. She didn't follow her mother's advice.2. We can know that before 1995 Mary ______.A. had two books publishedB. received many career awardsC. knew how to use a computerD. supported the JDRF by writing3. Mary's second book Growing Up Again is mainly about her ______.A. living with diabetesB. successful show businessC. service for an organizationD. remembrance of her mother4. When Mary received the life-changing news, she ______.A. lost control of herselfB. began a balanced dietC. tried to get a treatmentD. behaved in an adult way5. What can we know from the last paragraph?A. Mary feels pity for herself.B. Mary has recovered from her disease.C. Mary wants to help others as much as possible.D. Mary determines to go back to the dance floor.Passage 6（2011 辽宁C）Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile（汽车）. But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until 1896. That was eleven years after two Germans developed the world's first automobile. Many people believe Henry Ford invented the production line that moved a car's parts to the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. That is not true, either. Many factory owners used methods of this kind before Ford. What Henry Ford did was to use other people's ideas and make them better. And he made the whole factory a moving production line.In the early days of the automobile, almost every car maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car. Ford's most famous race was his first one. It was also the last race in which he drove the car himself.The race was in 1901, at a field near Detroit. All of the most famous cars had entered, but only two were left: the Winton and Ford's. The Winton was famous for its speed. Most people thought the race was over before it began.The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated the Winton. His name appeared in newspapers and he became well-known all over the United States. Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company. In 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company. That sale was the beginning of Henry Ford's dream. Ford said: “I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the simplest plans that modern engineering can produce. It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one.”The Model T was a car of that kind. It only cost $850. It was a simple machine that drivers could depend on. Doctors bought the Model T. So did farmers. Even criminals, they considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation. Americans loved the Model T. They wrote stories and songs about it. Thousands of Model T's were built in the first few years.1. What do we know about Henry Ford from Paragraph 1?A. He made good use of ideas from others.B. He produced the first car in the world.C. He knew how to improve auto parts.D. He invented the production line.2. Why did Henry Ford take part in the 1901 car race?A. To show off his driving skills.B. To draw public attention.C. To learn about new technology.D. To raise money for his new company.3. “That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.A. the selling of Ford cars at reduced pricesB. the sale of Model T to the mass of peopleC. the selling of a car to a Detroit doctorD. the sales target for the Ford Company4. What was Henry Ford's dream according to the text?A. Producing cars for average customers.B. Building racing cars of simple design.C. Designing more car models.D. Starting more companies.Passage 7（2010 福建A）F. Scott Fitzgerald（1896-1940）F. Scott Fitzgerald, born on September 24, 1896, an American novelist, was once a student of St. Paul Academy, the Newman School and attended Princeton University for a short while. In 1917 he joined the army and was posted in Alabama, where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre. Then he had to make some money to impress her.His life with her was full of great happiness, as he wrote in his diary: “My own happiness in the past often approached such joy that I could share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet streets and take down parts of it in my diary.”This Side of Paradise, his first novel, was published in 1920. Encouraged by its success, Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing. Then he continued with the novel The Beautiful and Damned （1922）, a collection of short stories Tales of the Jazz Age （1922）, and a play The Vegetable （1923）. But his greatest success was The Great Gatsby, published in 1925, which quick brought him praise from the literary world. Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security. Then, in 1926, he published another collection of short stories All the Sad Young Men.However, Fitzgerald's problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing. During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life, but failed. By 1930, his wife had her first breakdown and went to a Swissclinic. During this period he completed novels Tender Is the Night in 1934 and The Love of the Last Tycoon in 1940. While his wife was in hospital in the United States, he got totally addicted to alcohol. Sheila Graham, his dear friend, helped him fight his alcoholism.1. How many novels written by Fitzgerald are mentioned in the passage?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 82. Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald's life according to the passage?a. He became addicted to drinking.b. He studied at St. Paul Academy.c. He published his first novel This Side of Paradise.d. The Great Gatsby won high praise.e. He failed to reorder his life.f. He joined the army and met Zelda.A. f-c-e-a-b-dB. b-e-a-f-c-dC. f-d-e-c-b-aD. b-f-c-d-e-a3. We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald ______.A. had made some money when he met Zelda in AlabamaB. was well educated and well off before he served in the armyC. would have completed more works if his wife hadn't broken downD. helped his friend get rid of drinking while his wife was in hospital4. The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about ______.A. Zelda's personal lifeB. Zelda's illness and treatmentC. Fitzgerald's friendship with GrahamD. Fitzgerald's contributions to the literary worldPassage 8（2011 陕西B）Most people know that Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice. However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner.Born in September, 1897, Irene Curie was the first of the Curies' two daughters. Along with nine other children whose parents were also famous scholars, Irene studied in their own school, and her mother was one of the teachers. She finished her high school education at the College of Sévigné in Paris.Irene entered the University of Paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. When World War I began, Irene went to help her mother, who was using X-ray facilities（设备）to help save the lives of wounded soldiers. Irene continued the work by developing X-ray facilitiesin military hospitals in France and Belgium. Her services were recognised in the form of a Military's Medal by the French government.In 1918, Irene became her mother's assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924, Frederic Joliot joined the Institute, and Irene taught him the techniques required for his work. They soon fell in love and were married in 1926. Their daughter Helene was born in 1927 and their son Pierre five years later.Like her mother, Irene combined family and career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, in 1935. Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity（辐射能）. Irene Joliot-Curie died from leukemia on March 17, 1956.1. Why was Irene Curie awarded a Military Medal?A. Because she received a degree in mathematics.B. Because she contributed to saving the wounded.C. Because she won the Nobel Prize with Frederic.D. Because she worked as a helper to her mother.2. Where did Irene Curie meet her husband Frederic Joliot?A. At the Curie Institute.B. At the University of Paris.C. At a military hospital.D. At the College of Sévigné.3. When was the second child of Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot born?A. In 1932.B. In 1927.C. In 1897.D. In 1926.4. In which of the following aspects was Irene Curie different from her mother?A. Irene worked with radioactivity.B. Irene combined family and career.C. Irene won the Nobel Prize once.D. Irene died from leukemia.Passage 9（2012 安徽C）When Frida Kahlo's paintings were on show in London, a poet described her paintings as “a ribbon （丝带）around a bomb”. Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time. Sadly, she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City, Kahlo suffered from polio （小儿麻痹症）at the age of seven. Her spine （脊柱）became bent as she grew older. Then, in 1925, her back was broken in several places in a school-bus accident. Throughout the rest of her life, the artist had many operations, but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back. However, the accident had an unexpected side effect. While lying in her bed recovering, Kahlo taught herself to paint.In 1929, she got married to Diego Rivera, another famous Mexican artist. Rivera's strong influence on Kahlo's style can be seen in her early works, but her later works from the 1940s, known today as her best works, show less influence from her husband.Unfortunately, her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and 1940s, even in her home country. Her first one-woman show in Mexico was not held until 1953. For more than a decade after her death in 1954, Kahlo's works remained largely unnoticed by the world, but in the 1970s her works began to gain international fame at last.1. What does the phrase “a much bigger name” in Paragraph 1 most nearly mean?A. a far better artistB. a far more gifted artistC. a much stronger personD. a much more famous person2. The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by ______.A. polioB. her bent spineC. back injuriesD. the operations she had3. Kahlo's style had become increasingly independent since the ______.A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1970s4. What is the author's attitude toward Kahlo?A. Devotion.B. Sympathy.C. Worry.D. Encouragement.Passage 10（2014 山东C）Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves. At the age of six months she was acquired, along with her sister, by John Ashley, a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholder. She became known as “Mumbet” or “Mum Bett.”For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family. One day, Ashley's wife tried to strike Mumbet's sister with a spade. Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious, she left the house and refused to come back. When the Ashleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick. With his help, Mumbet sued （起诉）for her freedom.While serving the Ashleys, Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution. If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. Eventually, Mumbet won her freedom—the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.Strangely enough, after the trial, the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee. She declined and instead went to work for Segdewick. Mumbet died in 1829, but her legacy lived on in her many descendants （后裔）. One of her great-grandchildren was W.E. B. Du Bois, one of the founders of the NAACP, and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights.Mumbet's tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried. It reads, in part: “She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years. She could neither read nor write, yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.”1. What do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1?A. She was born a slave.B. She was a slaveholder.C. She had a famous sister.D. She was born into a rich family.2. Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys?A. She found an employer.B. She wanted to be a lawyer.C. She was hit and got angry.D. She had to take care of her sister.3. What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new consititution?A. She should always obey her owners' orders.B. She should be as free and equal as whites.C. How to be a good servant.D. How to apply for a job.4. What did Mumbet do after the trial?A. She chose to work for a lawyer.B. She founded the NAACP.C. She continued to serve the Ashleys.D. She went to live with her grandchildren.5. What is the text mainly about?A. A story of a famous writer and spokesperson.B. The friendship between a lawyer and a slave.C. The life of a brave African American woman.D. A trial that shocked the whole world.答案及解析Passage 11. A 细节理解题。

智才艺州攀枝花市创界学校人物传记2021年2021年2021年课标全国Ⅰ卷12〔1〕—〔4〕，陈忠实，25分课标全国Ⅱ卷12〔1〕—〔4〕，吴文俊，25分课标全国Ⅲ卷12〔1〕—〔4〕，顾炎武，25分阅读下面的文字，完成文后各题。

回忆傅斯年先生二三事何兆武①五四运动时，傅斯年先生还是大学的学生，就表现了深沉的学养和卓越的指导、组织才能。

当时他所主编的新潮杂志，是五四时期最有影响的刊物之一，它正式揭开了我国在思想和文化上由传统大踏步而又不可逆转地进入近代化的序幕，其历史意义相当于西方的文艺复兴运动。

“傅斯年〞也理所当然地成为五四运动中一个极为响亮的名字。

②“五四〞以后，傅斯年先生去德国留学，受到当时德国历史学派的影响，以史料翔实、考订精赅为其学术研究特色。

回国后，傅斯年先生在北大任教，提出了“史学即史料学〞的口号。

这条道路曾受到不少人的非难。

不过，傅先生的本意似乎并不是历史学止步于史料，而是主张历史学研究应该由史料出发，也就是说，没有史料就谈不上历史研究。

这和他的教师、挚友胡适先生的“有一分证据说一分话〞是一脉相通的。

他一系列的主要作品，如性命古训辨证夷夏东西说等，奠定了他在史学界的声誉和地位。

HY研究院成立后，即由傅先生出任历史语言研究所所长，历史学与语言学合在一起，亦足见傅先生的学术道路受到德国历史学派的深入影响。

③傅先生是我国史学家中第一个认真地把心理分析引入史学研究的。

历史归根结底是人的活动，而人的活动归根结底是受到心理这一环节的影响而产生的。

一般的历史学家看问题往往只停留在社会分析的层次上，而绝少论及作为历史主体的人的心灵深处，所以往往未达一间而功亏一篑。

资治通鉴中写到反叛的时候，往往会提到反叛者最后是由于“内不自安〞而谋反。

反叛有野心的一面，但也有反叛者内心受迫而扭曲的一面。

这就触及了当事者的内心或者灵魂深处，而比单纯地阐述背景与客观形势要更深一层。

④HY战争后期，国内矛盾日益突出，国民参政会遂组织了一个HY访问团，团员似是六位参政员，傅斯年和黄炎培也在内。

高中语文文言文练习——人物传记类1、阅读《柳宗元传》元和十年，例移①为柳州刺史。

时郎州司马刘禹锡得播州②刺史，制书下，宗元谓所亲曰：“禹锡有母年高，今为郡蛮方，西南绝域，往复万里，如何与母偕行。

如母子异方，便为永诀。

吾与禹锡执友，何忍见其若是？”即草奏章，请以柳州授禹锡，自往播。

裴度亦奏其事，禹锡终易连州。

柳州土俗，以男女质③钱，过期则没④入钱主，宗元革其乡法。

其以⑤没者，乃出私钱赎之，归其父母。

江岭间为进士者，不远千里随宗元师法；凡经其门，必为名士。

元和十四年十月五日卒，时年四十七。

观察使裴行立为营护⑥其丧及妻子还于京师，时人义之。

【注释】①例移：古代官员按惯例调任。

②怂播州：今责州遵义，当时为偏远荒凉的地方。

③质:抵押。

④没:没收。

⑤以：同“已”，已经。

⑥营护：料理，护送。

【小题1】解释下面加点的字。

（1）营护其丧及妻子还于京师（2）禹锡终易连州（3）即草奏章，请以柳州授禹锡（4）时人义之【小题2】下列加点字与“请以柳州授禹锡”中的“以”意义相同的是（）A．虎见之，庞然大物也，以为神。

（《黔之驴》）B．人走池底，仰视莲花反在天上,以空奇。

（《于园》）C．我以日始出时去人近。

（《两小儿辩日》）D．明日，普又以其人奏。

（《赵普》）【小题3】翻译文中画线的句子。

吾与禹锡执友，何忍见其若是？译文：【小题4】选文体现了柳宗元为友、为官、为师三个方面什么样的特点？试用自己的话概括。

（1）为友：（2）为官：（3）为师：2、道旁苦李王戎七岁，尝与诸小儿游。

看道边李树多子折枝（折枝：压弯了树枝）,诸儿竞走取之，惟戎不动。

人问之，答曰：“树在道边而多子，此必苦李。

”取之，信然。

【小题1】解释加点的字。

（1）尝与诸小儿游（）（2）诸儿竞走取之（）（3）惟戎不动（）【小题2】翻译加横线的句子。

树在道边而多子，此必苦李。

【小题3】这则故事对我们有什么启示？3、《唐雎不辱使命》秦王使人谓安陵君曰：“寡人欲以五百里之地易安陵，安陵君其许寡人！”安陵君曰：“大王加惠，以大易小，甚善；虽然，受地于先王，愿终守之，弗敢易！”秦王不悦。

高考实用类人物传记精选真题集训精选篇目1：科学巨人玻尔（ 2014年新课标Ⅰ卷）玻尔|科学家1927年，第五届索尔维物理学会议在布鲁塞尔召开，激烈的辩论很快就变成了一场爱因斯坦与玻尔之间的“决斗”。

这场辩论在三年后的第六届索尔维会议上战火再续，玻尔获得胜利，他所代表的哥本哈根学派因此获得了大多数物理学家的认同，他们对量子力学的解释也被奉为正统解释。

这次辩论就是著名的“爱因斯坦－玻尔论战”，有人称之为物理学史上的“巅峰对决”。

爱因斯坦和玻尔这两位科学巨人的背后，是现代物理学的两大基础理论——相对论和量子力学。

他们的争论旷日持久，几乎所有理论物理学家都被吸引并参与进来，乐此不疲。

尽管两人的科学理论和思想观点始终没能调和，但他们却结下了长达数十年的友谊。

玻尔高度评价他与爱因斯坦的学术之争，认为它是自己“许多新思想产生的源泉”。

爱因斯坦也称赞说：“很少有谁像玻尔那样，对隐秘的事物具有如此敏锐的直觉，同时又兼有如此强有力的批判能力。

他是我们时代科学领域伟大的发现者之一。

”与爱因斯坦更个性化的独自研究不同，玻尔周围聚集着许多杰出的理论物理学家。

他不但有革新的勇气，更是一位伟大的伯乐。

他为量子物理学培养和组织了一支创新发展的队伍，人们称之为“哥本哈根学派”。

后来的诺贝尔物理学奖获得者玻恩、海森伯、泡利以及狄拉克等都曾是其主要成员。

哥本哈根学派活动的大本营就是哥本哈根理论物理研究所。

该所是玻尔在1917年申请，并于1921年正式成立的。

他以著名科学家的身份为研究所做担保，筹集了大量资金。

在任所长的40年间，他以特有的人格魅力，吸引了世界各地的青年才俊，使研究所成为当时全世界最重要、最活跃的量子力学研究中心。

这里先后培养了600多名物理学家。

玻尔使这个科学家群体中的每个个体的力量发挥到极致，形成了以集体讨论和自由探索为特征的研究风格。

他还经常在此举办非公开的小型年会，邀请各国著名的物理学家出席，相互学习，启发交流。

四实用类文本阅读25分12．阅读下面的文字完成 1 一 4 题 25分失败英雄梁从诫汪永晨梁从诫先生领导创建了国内首个民间环保组织自然之友自1993年成立以来自然之友开展了许许多多环保方面的重大行动我曾亲耳听过梁先生的这句自嘲我们一家三代都是失败的英雄可以说是屡战屡败但也都是屡败屡战当时梁先生说如果说我从祖父和父母[注]身上继承了点什么的话那就是信念一个人要有社会责任感我曾拉梁先生和我一起去过我的环保启蒙地江苏省睢宁县大余小学这是从上世纪80年代起就在学校开展爱鸟活动的一所农村小学那所学校的学生和老师用绘画唱歌跳舞等形式在田间河边开展课外活动表达人类对小鸟的热爱那次年近70岁的梁先生在小学参加农村孩子的爱鸟活动那活泼劲儿和孩子们不分高低至今我脑子里还有着返璞归真的梁先生如同孩子般在农村小学的操场上和孩子们一起跑跑跳跳的情形作为国家环保局的环境使者我和梁先生曾一起去过三峡我们站在黄柏河边这是当地人认为治理得不错的河所以请我们这些环保使者来看对那治理过的河水还有质疑的作家徐刚蹲在江边捞起一把水草再站起来时眉头皱起来鼻子和嘴也都挤在了一起梁先生也不客气地对陪着我们的环保局干部表达了他的态度人的认识当然是要有一个过程的20年前在黄柏河还能见底的那个年代要人们认识到水库将对邻近水域带来多么严重的负面影响也许不够现实然而到了上世纪80年代末在黄柏河已经开始由绿变黑的时候在论证中还把对水污染的影响列为影响较小采取有效措施后可减小危害的一类甚至时至今日还在说三峡水库污染问题不大就很难说是实事求是的了那次三峡归来在国家环保总局召开的环保使者的年会上梁先生送给我一本杂志上面有他写的文章表述自己对长江污染应如何面对的见解那篇文章中梁先生这样写道江水轻拍船舷船在微微晃动舟上有人难眠遥想当年李白遇赦从奉节东下一路神采飞扬留下两岸猿声啼不住轻舟已过万重山的不朽诗句寥寥数字向我们透露了一千多年前三峡森林茂密野生动物出没的自然环境和生态消息令人面对两岸濯濯童山峡中滔滔黄水李白诗中景色已无法想象森林与猴子什么年代起从这里消失也不可考若诗仙再世与我辈同行又会写下怎样的诗句留给后人历史的冷眼将始终注视着三峡注视着长江注视着我们我和粱先生曾一起参加一个美国高层代表团到华访问的工作午餐梁先生向美国官员讲起他和克林顿的见面讲起他当时将一张滇金丝猴母子的照片作为礼物送给克林顿克林顿饶有兴致地问这种金丝猴的数量还有多少不足1200只而且据我们所知这是灵长类中除了人类之外唯一的红唇动物哦那是我的表亲当时在座的人都笑了今天想起梁先生当时的介绍想起他说的不足1200只好像刚明白梁先生当时的用心我们都是濒危动物金丝猴和保护金丝猴的人我刚刚出版的新书《追寻野人的足迹中国环保领跑人》中第一位野人就是梁先生在我写梁先生的文章里有这样一段这些年来梁先生的演讲直接间接的听众不知有没有人统计过坐在台下课堂上听梁先生讲课最多一次有多少人我也不知道可最少的一次有多少梁先生亲口告诉过我5个那是在某国家机关我问梁先生那你讲了吗他告诉我当然不能放弃我还像是下面坐着成千上万的听众那样给那5个人讲了中国民间组织的环保历程梁先生告诉他们环境保护不仅仅是政府的事情也不仅仅是专家的事情如果我们作为普通的公民不参与不支持不关注环境保护仅靠政府和专家任何国家都是不可能把环境治理好的梁先生曾作过这样一个比喻他说或许当今的人类就像坐在泰坦尼克号上你有一等舱的乐趣我有二等舱的活法突然有一天撞上冰山停也停不下来拐也拐不了弯大家只能同归于尽梁先生没有看到这本书的出版在这本书写梁先生的章节中最后一句话是我没有问过梁先生但我想我的这个假设为表亲奔走是这辈子要一直奔下去了是不是就是出于从父辈那里得到的信念一个人要有社会责任感梁先生您不会反对吧有删节[注]梁从诫的祖父是近代著名政治活动家和思想家梁启超父亲是著名建筑学家梁思成母亲是著名作家建筑学家林徽因1下列对这篇传记有关内容的分析和概括不正确的两项是5分A 梁先生遥想李白当年沿江而下的景象是为了将长江两岸曾经草木丰茂野生动物出没的生态环境与现在的童山黄水作对比表达了对三峡环境破坏严重的忧虑B．站在黄柏河边梁先生毫不客气地表达了他对于三峡工程的否定他认为说三峡水库污染问题不大并不是一种实事求是的态度C．梁从诫曾将一张滇金丝猴母子的照片作为礼物送给克林顿是因为它是灵长类中除人类之外唯一的红唇动物今天想起梁先生当时的介绍好像刚明白梁先生当时的用心我们都是濒危动物金丝猴和保护金丝猴的人D．从作家徐刚捞起水草时的神情来看黄柏河并没有治理好但当地环保官员却认为治理得不错梁先生在某国家机关做讲座却只有五位听众这都说明政府部门对环保工作不重视E．本文通过对失败英雄梁从诫相关事迹的描述表现了一位有社会责任感的环保斗士为保护环境奔走呼吁不计得失鞠躬尽瘁的高尚情怀和伟大精神2这篇传记的题目失败英雄梁从诫有什么含义请简要分析6分3梁从诫说或许当今的人类就像坐在泰坦尼克号上你有一等舱的乐趣我有二等舱的活法突然有一天撞上冰山停也停不下来拐也拐不了弯大家只能同归于尽这个比喻有什么深意请简要分析6分4梁先生说如果说我从祖父和父母身上继承了点什么的话那就是信念一个人要有社会责任感请你从继承信念责任感三个方面中任选一个结合全文谈谈你的看法8分121B DB项梁先生并没有否定三峡工程而是批评人们对环保的认识D项以偏概全对文章的理解有误2①这是梁先生的一句自嘲我们一家三代都是失败的英雄可以说是屡战屡败但也都是屡败屡战②梁先生毕生为保护环境而努力虽然得到了很多人的理解和支持但很多时候因为种种原因也会遭遇很多挫折③虽然常常失败但他从不气馁而是继续为环保事业而奋斗他是一个英雄④一个为保护环境而不懈努力的英雄却屡屡失败这也是整个社会的悲剧这样的题目能引起人们对社会大环境存在问题的深层思考和关注6分答出一点给2分答出任意三点意思对即可3①人类只有一个地球我们有着共同的生存环境利害相关②当今世界每个国家民族或个人都会有自己不同于他人的生活方式意识形态等自由③我们不应忘记共同的利益要保护好共同的生存家园否则人类将面临灾难性后果自我毁灭6分答出一点给2分意思对即可4观点一我们从前辈身上或文化传统中继承的最宝贵的是精神和信念梁先生从祖父和父母那里继承了对社会负责的信念促使自己成为对社会有用的人我们要从前辈身上或文化传统中汲取优秀的精神财富促使自己成为对社会有用的人作为前辈也要身体力行给后代以积极的影响给后代留下最无价的精神财富观点二每个人都要有积极的人生信念并为这一信念奋斗终身信念好像人生的明灯指引着人朝着正确的方向有意义地生活而不是浑浑噩噩随波逐流明确方向有了信念人才能积极主动不怕困难坚强无畏信念作用梁先生就是一个具有坚定信念的人所以他才能在环保道路上屡败屡战从不气馁结合事例观点三每个人都要有社会责任感要争取为社会做出些贡献梁家三代人都具有强烈的社会责任感为社会作出了巨大贡献正是这样的社会责任感让梁先生不计名利得失为保护环境奔走呼吁献出了自己的全部精力我们也要有社会责任感要争取为社会献出自己的一份力量8分只谈一个方面即可要言之有据层次清晰语言通顺其中观点正确2分论述6分分号前后所分三点答出一点3分答出任意两点意思对即可如只泛泛论述不结合文本论述部分最多得3分4作者为杰克·伦敦作传为什么开篇写了同时代的美国作家马克·吐温两位作家截然相反的结局给你怎样的启示 8分_______________________________________________________ ____________________苦难怜悯苦孩子常放硬币12．15分B DB从一开始就是暗示始终都是D但作者也认为没有根据选对一个得2分选对两个得5分26分每条2分①杰克·伦敦少年和青年时热爱读书求知欲强自信坚毅历经磨难顽强拼搏虽屡屡碰壁而不自暴自弃以求走出贫穷的处境②后来以写作谋生创作了不少向资本主义社会挑战的作品因此成名跻身上流社会③成名后陷入拜金主义泥淖为挣钱而写作粗制滥造青年时期的叛逆性格日渐消褪变得唯利是图和玩世不恭极端个人主义和超人哲学使其精神世界充满矛盾最后自杀36分评传结合或夹叙夹议2分传文第②③④段在对杰克伦敦童年少年青年时期的苦难艰辛的流浪生活的叙述之前都有简短的评论点明他人生坎坷突出他的坚韧顽强不自暴自弃的性格又如第⑦段在叙述了杰克·伦敦的丰富的生活经历和杰出的创作成就之后又用评论点明其性格蜕变的原因4分48分传记开始将杰克·伦敦与马克·吐温并提采用的是对比对照手法1分以马克·吐温的七十五岁高龄病死在写作岗位上与杰克·伦敦的四十岁壮年吸毒自杀于豪华大牧场形成鲜明反差既照应了标题中的悲剧1分也设置了悬念激发读者的阅读兴趣1分这两个同时代美国作家结局的鲜明对比带给人们的思考是深广的。

实用类文学文本高考真题到达离祖国最近的一条公路，突遇日伏，他立即命令分散突。

激中，戴安胸腹中。

甸雨季，大雨滂沱，部既要突破日堵，需忍挨，穿越荒山密林，1942 年 5 将采薇月 26 日，他行至北茅邦村，戴安化，以身殉国，年38 。

弥留之，参戴安任第 73 旅旅后，回多年日作的教，定要取得利必依靠部属努他下一步的行路，他已不能，手指地，示意部从莫洛瑞江向北回国，又力，而部属的旺盛士气来自他的国情．他犄意抄民族英雄岳的《江》和文天祥的人扶着他面向祖国注久，安然而逝。

《零丁洋》，印各官兵背吟唱，激大家精忠国的国忱。

戴安牲后，体由官兵抬回国内，渡瑞江后，乃将体火化，骨灰装入小木箱，以了抗大，戴安摒弃党派成，国人士。

《自由》者宗祺仁前来采，与。

一情景感了沿途民众，一位老痛心地：“寿材么小，怎能配得上将的英他夜局。

探国共合作抗日的未来，两人很快成莫逆之交。

有人提醒戴安，名与地位？”随即捐出自的楠木寿材。

冲率全父老20 万人沿街跪迎将灵。

宗是共党，多加提防。

他坦然答道：“ 在是国共合作抗．何防之有？宗是否共党我不随后，国民政府追授戴安中将，美国斯福追授戴安懋章，国民政府在广西知道，我只知道他是新者，写多真感人的道，有卓越的解。

我正缺少的全州安葬式，中国袖毛派人送来挽：“外辱需人御，将采薇。

称机械化，国志士。

”几天后，他把自己的事著作交宗供仁修改并。

勇虎威。

浴血瓜守，倭棠吉。

沙竟命，壮志也无。

”周恩来、朱德等也敬献挽太平洋争爆后，中国决定派征赴句日作。

当命令到达，已升任第200 、挽。

新中国成立后，中央人民政府追戴安革命烈士，并以毛主席的名向属的戴安高唱《江》，并向官兵宣葛亮征的事迹，以“鞠躬尽弈．死而后已”的“革命牲人家属光荣念”。

精神激励官兵．赴途中，他激情，《征》二首以明志。

其一云：“万里旌旗耀眼开，（摘自茅海建主《国民党抗殉国将》等）王出境夷摧．鞭遥指花如，葛前身今又来。

”其二云：“策奔走八荒，征功相关接秦皇。

专题17 实用类文本阅读传记一一、阅读下面的文字，完成各题。

叶嘉莹：一生与诗词相恋近日，92岁高龄的叶嘉莹在“世界因你而美丽——影响世界华人盛典”颁奖礼中获颁2015-2016年度“终身成就奖”。

此前数十年间，她身挟满腹诗书，走遍中国台湾以及美国、加拿大……为中国古典文化的传播，立下了汗马功劳。

1924年7月，叶嘉莹出生于北京的一个书香世家。

三四岁时，父母便教她背诵诗词。

而她的伯父叶廷又，是一位有很深古典文化修养的中医。

在伯父的引导下，深居大院的叶嘉莹常常把院子里的草木作为对象，吟诗作词。

1941年，叶嘉莹高中毕业，进入辅仁大学专攻古典文学专业。

在辅仁大学，叶嘉莹遇见了她铭记一生的恩师顾随。

顾随古典文化功底极为深厚，他对诗歌的讲授令叶嘉莹如痴如醉。

师生二人常常诗词唱和，被师友传为佳话。

顾随曾在给她的信中写道：“假使苦水（顾随别号）有法可传，则截至今日，凡所有法，足下已尽得之。

”但他希望叶嘉莹不仅要继承自己的衣钵，更要“别有开发，能自建树，成为‘南岳下之马祖’①”。

如果顾随泉下有知，最高兴的肯定是叶嘉莹果然如他所期望那般做到了“别有开发”和“能自建树”。

师徒二人在诗词世界里研读的轨迹，也有相似之处。

顾随是受蔡元培之命学习西洋文学，得益匪浅；而叶嘉莹则在机缘巧合下，前往北美访问交流，在此期间接触到了西方文学理论。

叶嘉莹发现，西方文学理论与中国的传统词学理论有不少暗合之处，便逐渐尝试用西方文学理论中的诠释学、符号学、接受美学等来诠释中国的古典诗词。

这种将中西理论融合的研究策略很快为叶嘉莹的诗词研究开辟了一片新的天地。

以西方文学理论解析古典小词，成为叶嘉莹治学的重要特点。

南开大学原副校长、文学院院长陈洪评价叶嘉莹说：“融合中西以推进词学研究，卓有成效者，海内外自是不做第二人想。

”在海外教书时，叶嘉莹常常感慨，中国古典诗词的韵味，在翻译成英文后就要逊色不少。

而用英文授课，也让她常常有不能阐尽其意之感。

1979年，凭借一封寄给国家教育部的言真意切的信，叶嘉莹终于可以回国教书。

2024年高考语文创新命题热点训练18 纪传体专练(人物传记类)[训练要语]纪传体是通过记叙人物活动反映历史事件的体裁。

以为人物立传记(皇帝的传记称“纪”，一般人的称“传”，特殊情形的人物称“载记”，记载制度、风俗、经济等称“志”，以表格排列历史大事称“表”)的方式记叙史实。

司马迁的《史记》是中国第一部纪传体史书(以前的史书多以编年体记述)，中国的官方正史“二十四史”及其它史书，都依照《史记》体例，以纪传体编纂而成。

纪传体通过记叙人物活动，反映历史事件。

纪传体史书的突出特点是以大量人物传记为中心内容，是记言、记事的进一步结合，能够更好地表现人物的性格。

从体裁形式上看，纪传体是本纪、世家、列传、书志、史表、载记和史论等的综合。

史论，包括卷首序和卷后论，大量的是关于历史人物和历史事件的评论，或交代所叙内容的由来与宗旨。

[模拟训练]一、阅读下面的文言文，完成1～5题。

(20分)材料一：凡事有违经而合道者，亦有反道而适权者。

今山东蝗虫所在流满，仍极繁息，实所稀闻。

河北、河南，无多贮积，傥不收获，岂免流离？事系安危，不可胶柱，纵使除之不尽，犹胜养以成灾。

陛下好生恶杀，此事请不烦出敕，乞容臣出牒处分。

若除不得，臣在身官爵，并请削除。

(节选自姚崇《答捕蝗奏》)材料二：开元四年，山东大蝗，民祭且拜，坐视食苗不敢捕。

(姚)崇奏：“《诗》云：‘秉彼蟊贼①，付畀炎火。

’汉光武诏曰：‘勉顺时政，劝督农桑。

去彼螟蜮②，以及蟊贼。

’此除蝗谊也。

且蝗畏人易驱又田皆有主使自救其地必不惮劝。

请夜设火，坎其旁，且焚且瘗，蝗乃可尽。

古有讨除不胜者，特人不用命耳。

”乃出御史为捕蝗使，分道杀蝗，汴州刺史倪若水上言：“除天灾者当以德，昔刘聪③除蝗不克而害愈甚。

”拒御史不应命。

崇移书诮之曰：“聪伪主，德不胜袄④，今袄不胜德。

古者良守，蝗避其境，谓修德可免，彼将无德致然乎？今坐视食苗，忍而不救，因以无年，刺史其谓何？”若水惧，乃纵捕，得蝗十四万石。

2007-2014年新课标人物传记汇编【2007年】四、实用类文本阅读（25分）叶圣陶在四川1940年初夏，叶圣陶来到成都，在四川省教育厅教育科学馆工作。

他白天去办公，晚上教儿女们写写文章。

常常在晚饭之后，把油灯移到桌子中央，至善、至美、至诚就凑着光亮，认真地听父亲讲解。

有时候，儿女们也和父亲热烈讨论。

他们每人每星期交一篇文章。

叶圣陶一向主张作文要说自己的话，要写自己的真情实感，对儿女们的作文，他也从来不出题目，随他们写去。

这也是他们一天中最感兴味的时刻。

叶圣陶一边看他们的文章，一边问：‚这儿多了些什么？这儿少了些什么？能不能换一个比较恰当的词儿？把词儿调动一下，把句式改变一下，是不是好些?‛遇到看不明白的地方，他就问孩子们：‚原来是怎么想的？到底想清楚了没有？为什么表达不出来？怎样才能把要说的意思说明白？‛他问得十分仔细，简直就是严格的考试，同时也是生动活泼的考试。

孩子们都乐意参加这样的考试。

但是，对于叶圣陶，到了成都以后，使他格外高兴的事，却要算和朱自清的朝夕相见了。

几十年来，这两位作家亲似手足。

朱自清曾写过《我所见的叶圣陶》《叶圣陶的短篇小说》等文章。

1931年8月，朱自清由北平动身访问欧洲，就是在叶圣陶鼓动下，才写出了《欧游杂记》的。

朱自清在这本书的‚自序‛里，曾提到叶圣陶帮助‚设计‛、‚题字‛、‚校对‛等。

叶圣陶曾写过《与佩弦》的散文，讲述他们之间的友情：促膝谈心，随兴趣之所至，时而上天，时而入地；时而论书，时而评画；时而纵谈时局，品鉴人伦；时而剖析玄理，密诉衷曲……可谓随意之极致了。

这当儿，名誉之心是没有的，利益的心是没有的，顾忌欺诳等心也都没有，只为着看出内心而说话，说其不得不说。

其味甘而永，无所不领会，真可说彼此‚如见其肺肝然‛的。

现在，很难得他们同处一地，又在一起工作，还先后合编了《精读指导举偶》和《略读指导举偶》，作为中学生学习国文的课外读物，列入‚四川省教育科学馆丛书‛出版。

2020年高考语文总复习考点【实用类文本阅读·人物传记类题】精选精练卷1、阅读下列材料,完成问题。

史学家吕思勉先生陈吉龙六岁,他就开始读经书、学八股;八岁起开始接触史学,启蒙者是他的母亲。

后来在父亲指导下,他从头至尾点读完了《纲鉴易知录》,后来又花了半年时间,点读了编年体通史《通鉴辑览》,对中国历史有了一个概略的了解。

与此同时,他还跟母亲学习了《说文解字》。

他就是著名史学家吕思勉先生。

1894年,甲午战争爆发,先生十一岁,已开始读报,关心时事。

1898年戊戌变法,风云人物康有为、梁启超成了他心目中的楷模。

他读梁启超、康有为等人的文章、著作,思想上受了很大影响。

他十五岁开始阅读正史,或抄录或点读,极其认真,且阅读速度惊人,能日读十四卷,每读书必从头至尾看完。

十六七岁间,其父按苏常一带读书人家教子弟读书的常用方法,要他将《四库全书总目提要》通读一遍,以便在做学问之初,可知整个学问的概况及分类,知道天下学问有哪几种,每种源流派别如何,对学术史作一鸟瞰。

他读得很认真,花了两年多时间,将经、史、子三部全部读完,只是集部读了一半。

在父亲的指导下,他又阅读了《日知录》《廿二史札记》等书,着重学习怎样阅读史书及写作札记的方法。

后来在经学名家丁桂征先生的指引下,他又花了三四年功夫,将有关小学的书及《十三经注疏》精读一遍,使经学、文字学成为治史的得力工具。

1904年,他在邑人创设的“读书阅报社”听了元史专家屠寄先生的一次讲座,深受影响,开始研读辽金元史,从此爱好民族问题的研究。

那年他二十三岁,首次读遍了“二十四史”。

先生每读书必用朱笔圈识,或眉批,或将材料抄录,加题识或按语,分类保存,在此基础上写成读书笔记。

待有心得,意见成熟,即写成札记、论文或专著。

如此五十年如一日,形成了先生扎实的治学功力及精切严谨的学风和文风。

1925年“五卅”惨案之后,上海圣约翰大学爱国师生为悼念被杀害工人举行罢课,并在校内下半旗志哀,以示对帝国主义的抗议。

2017年上海春季高考语文试卷（四）阅读下文，完成第16—21题。

（18分）①何武，字君公，蜀郡郫县人也。

武兄弟五人，皆为郡吏，郡县敬惮之。

武弟显家有市籍，租常不入，县数负其课。

市啬夫求商①捕辱显家，显怒，欲以吏事中．商。

武曰：“以吾家租赋繇役不为众先，奉公吏不亦宜乎！”武卒白太守，召商为卒吏，州里闻之皆服焉。

②久之，拜为谏大夫，迁扬州刺史。

九江太守戴圣，《礼经》号小戴者也，行治多不法，前刺史以其大儒，优容之。

及武为刺史，行部录囚徒，有所举以属郡。

圣曰：“后进生何知，乃欲乱人治！”皆无所决。

武使从事廉②得其罪，圣惧，自免．。

后为博士，毁武于朝廷。

武闻之，终不扬其恶。

而圣子宾客为群盗，得，系．庐江。

圣自以子必死。

武平心决之，卒得不死。

自是后，圣惭服。

③武为人仁厚，好进士，奖称人之善。

为楚内史厚两龚，在沛郡厚两唐。

及为公卿，荐之朝廷。

此人显于世者，何侯③力也，世以此多．焉。

然疾朋党问文吏必于儒者问儒者必于文吏以相参检。

欲除吏，先为科例以防请托。

其所居亦无赫赫名，去后常见思。

〔注〕①啬夫求商：啬夫，官吏名，职掌收取赋税；求商，人名。

②廉：考察，查访。

③何侯：指何武。

16．写出下列加点词在句中的意思。

(2分)（1）显怒，欲以吏事中．商（2）世以此多．焉17．为下列句中加点词语选择释义正确的一项。

（2分）（1）圣惧，自免．A．赦免 B．逃脱 C．解职 D.谢罪(2)系．庐江A．扰乱 B．拘禁 C．归属 D.牵连18．第③段画线部分断句正确的一项是（）。

（2分）A．然疾朋党问／文吏必于儒者问／儒者必于文吏以相参检。

B．然疾朋党／问文吏／必于儒者问儒者／必于文吏以相参检。

C．然疾朋党问文吏／必于儒者问儒者／必于文吏以相参检。

D．然疾朋党／问文吏必于儒者／问儒者必于文吏／以相参检。

19．把下面的句子译成现代汉语。

（6分）欲除吏，先为科例以防请托。

其所居亦无赫赫名，去后常见思。

20．根据第①段，州人敬服何武的直接原因是（）。

实用类文本阅读（传记）[真题回顾]例1.(2016·全国新课标卷Ⅰ)阅读下面的文字，完成（1）-（4)题。

寻找属于自己的句子1942年夏，陈忠实出生在陕西农村，上中学时，陈忠实读赵树理的《三里湾》和柳青到的《创业史》，得到滋养，萌发了文学梦。

也许是好事多磨，1962年高中毕业后，他未能如愿上大学读中文系，这个20岁的青年，常常一个人坐在家乡的灞河边，想着文学，想着寻找属于自己的句子。

三年之后，陈忠实的散文《夜过流沙沟》在1965年3月8日的《西安晚报》文艺副刊上发表，他的文学生涯由此正式开始，但直到1979年小说《信任》获得全国优秀短篇小说奖，他才确立了文学上的自信。

他感觉自己不再是一个文学爱好者和业余作者了。

是年9月25日，他加入中国作家协会。

又一个三年之后，陈忠实40岁，他的第一个短篇小说集《乡村》出版，赢得“小柳青”的名声，工作单位也换成陕西省作家协会，他终于是一名专业作家了。

随着年岁的增长和时代的变化，陈忠实越来越觉得要从赵树理、柳青的文学中剥离出来。

他将这个愿望写进了小说《蓝袍先生》中。

小说写于1985年，一个认知作者的标志性年份。

这年的最后10天，他随中国作家代表团出访泰国。

第一次走出国门的陈忠实特意置办了一套质地不错的西装。

当他第一次穿上西装打上领带站在穿衣镜前的时候，脑海里浮现出刚完成的小说的主人公蓝袍先生。

蓝袍先生多年以来一直穿着蓝色长袍，受到同学讥笑以后才脱下蓝袍，换上“列宁装”。

陈忠实认为那是摆脱封建残余桎梏、获得精神解放的象征。

脱下了几十年的中山装、换上西装的那一刻，他切实意识到自己就是蓝袍先生。

1985年的泰国之行让陈忠实深受刺激，他联想起家乡人自嘲的称呼。

相比那些见多识广的城市人，他们把自己称作“乡棒”。

游逛在曼谷的超市大楼，看着五颜六色、各式各样的服装，作家觉得眼花缭乱。

那一刻，他觉得不仅自己是“乡棒”。

教他观察服装的北京作家郑万隆也是“乡棒”。

面对世界，1985年的中国人大都是“乡棒”。

实用类文学文本高考真题将军赋采薇戴安澜任第73旅旅长后，回顾多年对日作战的经验教训，认定要取得胜利必须依靠部属努力，而部属的旺盛士气来自他们的爱国热情．他犄意抄录民族英雄岳飞的《满江红》和文天祥的《过零丁洋》，印发给各级官兵背诵吟唱，激发大家精忠报国的爱国热忱。

为了抗战大业，戴安澜摒弃党派成见，团结爱国人士。

《自由报》记者宗祺仁前来采访，与他彻夜讨论时局。

探讨国共合作抗日的未来，两人很快成为莫逆之交。

这时有人提醒戴安澜，说宗是共产党，须多加提防。

他坦然答道：“现在是国共合作抗战．何防之有？宗是否共产党我不知道，我只知道他是新闻记者，写过许多真实感人的报道，有卓越的见解。

我们正缺少这样的爱国志士。

”几天后，他还把自己的军事著作交给宗供仁修改并题词。

太平洋战争爆发后，中国决定派远征军赴缅句对日作战。

当命令到达时，已升任第200师师长的戴安澜高唱《满江红》，并向官兵宣讲进诸葛亮远征的事迹，以“鞠躬尽弈．死而后已”的精神激励官兵．赴缅途中，他激情满怀，赋《远征》二首以明志。

其一云：“万里旌旗耀眼开，王师出境岛夷摧．扬鞭遥指花如许，诸葛前身今又来。

”其二云：“策马奔车走八荒，远征功业迈秦皇。

澄清宇宙安黎庶，先挽长弓射夕阳。

”入缅不久，日军主力迫近东瓜，军长杜聿明决定集中主力击溃日军．戴安澜立下誓言：“此次远征，系唐明以来扬国成之盛举，虽战至一兵一卒，也必死守东瓜。

”这时，英军突然撤走，我方援军未至，形势危急，戴安澜决心以身报国。

他宣布：“本师长立遣嘱在先：如果师长战死，以副师长代之；副师长战死，参谋长代之……以此类推，各级皆然。

”他给夫人王荷馨写了绝命家书：“余此次奉命固守东瓜，因上面大计未定，与后方联络过远，敌人行动又快，现在孤军奋斗，决以全部牺牲报国家养育。

为国家战死，事极光荣。

所念者，你们母子今后生活，当更痛苦。

望你珍重．并爱护诸儿，侍奉老母。

老父在皖，可不必呈闻。

”面对日军发动步兵、炮兵和空军联合进攻，狂轰滥炸，施放毒气，戴安澜率部同仇敌忾，顽强战斗，抗击四倍于己的日军长达十余日．中印缅战区美军司令兼中国战区统帅部参谋长史迪威表示：“近代立功异域，扬中华声威者，以戴将军为第一人。