一轮复习-名词学案

初三英语第一轮复习学案--名词名词的分类：名词按其意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。

普通名词按其可数性可分为名词和名词。

一、专有名词a. 表示人名、地名、节日名、一周七天、十二个月等专有名词，须以大写的字母开头。

如：Lucy, Nanjing, Washington D.C., Christmas, May Day, Saturday, T uesday, March, October …b. 海洋、河流、山脉等专有名词前加the。

如：the Pacific (Ocean), the Seine River, the Alps …c. 由普通名词变成的专有名词前常加the。

如：the Great Wall, the United States …d. 表示一家人的两种方式： 1. the + 姓氏的复数 2. the + 姓氏+family如：The Greens (be) a big family.The Brown family (be) having supper now.让我们操练一下：1) Now many people use cell phones instead of (随身听) to listen to music.2) There are two (美国人) drinking coffee in the bar.3) Many people in (西方国家) like Coke.4) They usually have a holiday in (香港).5) I’d like to learn to swim every (周六).6) Many young people like to have a great time at (圣诞节).7) I really hope to join (学生会).8) (妇女节) is on (三月八日).二、可数名词及其单复数(观察所举例子，试着自己总结。

)可数名词的复数形式有：1. 规则变化：1）__________________如：map---maps field---fields2）__________________ 但stomach的复数为：如：virus---viruses，box---boxes盒子dish---dishes盘子，match---matches比赛3）_______________________如：leaf---leaves叶thief---thieves贼knife-knives小刀4）_____________+y 结尾，变y为i，再加-es _如：party---parties党factory---factories工厂family-families 家庭但是：以元音字母＋y结尾的，直接加-s.如:toys, days5）_____________________________________大部分以O结尾的单词：radios 收音机photo--photos照片videos录像zeros零zoos动物园kilos公斤…特殊单词变化：potato---potatoes 马铃薯hero---heroes 英雄tomato—tomatoes西红柿mango—mangoes芒果2. 不规则变化1）变内部元音字母。

a)______________ 但要注意特殊的几个单词变化：如：man --men women---women Englishman---Englishmenb)______________ 但要注意特殊的几个单词变化：如：foot---feet tooth---teeth goose—geese2）_______________________如：fish----fish goldfish---goldfish sheep---sheep spacecraft – spacecraftJapanese—Japanese Chinese---Chinese3）其他特殊变化如mouse---mice；child---children小孩4）复合名词的复数形式。

复合名词变复数时，一般只要把最后一个构成部分变为复数形式即可。

如：girl student → five girl students但第一个名词是man或woman时,则必须将_______________________，如：man doctor → men doctors男医生woman teacher → women teachers女教师注意：几家鞋店一双运动鞋一家服装店5) 字母、数字、引语或缩略词的复数形式是在其后加-’s 或-s.如：There are two f ’s in the word ―office‖.Many VIPs are coming to the party.让我们操练一下：1. ---Mum, today is your day, the Women’s Day. Here are some (flower) for you.---It’s very thoughtful of you. Thanks, Kitty. (2010南京)2. Many (butterfly) have round marks on their wings that looks like eyes. (2010无锡)注意：在后一定得加可数名词的复数形式。

3. The baby’s first front (牙齿) are just coming through. (2010苏州)4. Could you pass the (knife) to me? We need them to make pumpkin lanterns. (2010常州)5. Most of the tourists on the coach are (German),only two of them are (Japanese).表示国民时，变复数有口诀：。

6. Our modern times need more and more (hero) for us to learn from.(2012江苏泰州)7. (节日) like Christmas and Halloween are also popular in China now. (2012连云港)8. ---What are they doing there?---All the teachers and students are having a meeting. (2012湖北黄冈)A.women; girlsB. women; girlC. woman; girlD. woman; girls三、不可数名词量的表达一条新闻两件家具一条面包两盒牛奶一袋食糖三公斤肉一瞬间的恐惧两小时的作业一包苹果两包桃子一篮子土豆两篮子西红柿1. He gave me less (建议) than you did.2. There are little (rabbit) on the hill.注意：在后一定得加不可数名词。

3. There is a lot of (车辆) on the street.4. He has plenty of k about history, so his students admire(钦佩) him.5. He has some good (想法) to help us solve problems.注意：在后可以加不可数名词，亦可以加可数名词复数。

让我们操练一下：1. For breakfast, I usually have and two pieces of bread. (2011杭州)A. a cup of milk halfB. half a cup of milkC. a half milk cupD. half a milk cup2. ----Would you like _______ tea? ---No, thanks. I have drunk two____.A. any, bottles of orangeB. some, bottles of orangeC. many, bottles of orangesD. few, bottle of oranges3. He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat. （2010徐州）A. two breadsB. two piece of breadC. two pieces of breadD. two pieces of breads4. Please give me __ paper.A. oneB. a pieceC. aD. a piece of5. John bought __________ for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoeC. two pair of shoesD. two pairs shoes注意这几类特殊的名词。

注意1：注意有些名词既有可数也有不可数的现象。

它们是：；注意2：注意有些名词常以复数形式出现。

它们是：；注意3：注意有些名词以s结尾，但却不是复数。

它们是：。

注意4：注意复合词中的名词。

如：他是一个18岁的男孩。

(2种)。

注意5：有些不可数名词和a，an连用的特殊情况。

如: 玩得开心,一场大雨, 一次巨大的成功让我们操练一下：1. Y ou should take more . Don’t always be at the desk busy doing your .(2010昆山)A. exercise; exerciseB. exercises; exercisesC. exercises; exerciseD. exercise; exercises2. My teacher has given me lots of .They’re very useful. (2010上海长宁)rmationB. adviceC. suggestionsD. news3. ---It’s said that a foreign English teacher will teach us English next term.--- Wow! ! We can practice our oral English better. (2012扬州)A. What an exciting newsB. How excited the news isC. What exciting newsD. How exciting news4. The doctor told me to eat more because it’s good for my health.(2011江西)A.orangeB. vegetablesC. ice cream5. I’m going to the supermarket to buy some this afternoon. (2012陕西)A.paper and pencilB. apples and bananaC. milk and eggsD. bowl and spoons四、名词所有格名词所有格的构成方式可以概括为以下三类:1) ’s 形式的所有格今天的报纸教师节儿童节someone’s book somebody else’s pencilMary and her sister’s bedroom (两者共有)T om’s and Mary’s bags (两者分别拥有)10分钟的步行路程(2种) ①②在牙医诊所2) of 或to 短语构成的所有格一张中国地图树的叶子这扇门的钥匙这家电影院的入口这个问题的答案3) 双重所有格我爸的朋友之一(2种) ①②我的一张照片一本玛丽的书让我们操练一下：1. The theme park is about ride from the museum. Y ou should start out right now. (2011无锡)A.two hourB. two hour’sC. two hours’D. two-hours2. I’ve got a toothache, so I need to go to the (dentist).3. It’s very good that the girls’ survey has been handed in. How about the (boy)? (2012年镇江)4. The guide has collected all the (visit) ID cards. (2010常州)五、相关的词性转换1) 加后缀ness如：sickness; happiness; business2) 加后缀ment如：advertisement; development; achievement3) 加后缀ion如：pollution; education; operation; communication ;discussion; expression; decide4) 加后缀ance如：appearance; performance ; enter5) 加后缀ing如：building ; skiing ; shopping; jogging; beginning6) 变末尾t为ce如：confidence; importance; difference7) 以y结尾如：beauty ; difficulty8) 结尾加th 如：warmth ; growth ; length ; strength ; true9) 加后缀er或or如：singer; writer; foreigner; teenager; ruler; printer…注意双写：swimmer; winner; runner; shopper；注意以or结尾的这几个名词：inventor; visitor; actor; director1. Zhang Ziyi is one of the most famous (演员) in the world.注意①：有性别区别的名词actor / actress; waiter/ waitress; salesman / saleswoman2. Some of his (invent) are very useful.注意②：有些名词的形式不止一种！要根据句意选择适当的名词形式！如：performer / performance ; science / scientist ; thief / theft ;director / direction; business / businessman; cook / cooker ;friend / friendship ; murder / murderer ; end / ending …3. At the of the day, we watched a film. It has a happy . (结尾)10) 特殊的变化如：动词变名词：lose affect flychoose bleed breathedie marry arriveserve complain think如：形容词变名词：proudwise safe medicalweigh high pleased4. We won’t win the match without your (support).11) 注意：有的名词有多种词性wonder, trouble, cause, sleep ,work , calm , smile, laugh, iron, hope, help, wish, support, book, order , copy…让我们操练一下：1. Y oung couples like to search the Internet for some (suggest)on how to name their babies. (2012镇江)2. The boy is more than 2 meters in (high)and he is good at playing basketball. (2012盐城)3. The (develop) of science has changed our world a lot. (2012盐城)4. Sometimes it requires courage to tell the (true).(2012无锡)5. At the exhibition, the little boy’s (invent) attracted many IT engineers. (2012淮安)6. These days many people are talking about the (safe)of food. (2012南通)六、注意名词的词义辨析1. family, home, house2. voice, noise , sound3. problem, question4. man, people, person5. journey, travel, trip, tour6. cause, reason, excuse7. 你还有什么疑问吗？写下来，和同学老师们一起讨论讨论！让我们操练一下：1.The music made me think of the of a running stream. (2008安徽)A.shoutB. noiseC. voiceD. sound2.---Wish you a pleasant journey. (2012扬州)---Thanks! I’ll give you a as soon as I arrive in Paris.A.ringB. handC. rideD. present3. ---Mr. Li was sent to teach Chinese in an American high school last year. (2012镇江)---Y es, I know. He told me he would never forget his pleasant while working there. A.experiments B. expressions C. experiences D. explorations4. —What do you like to play best? —V olleyball.（2011盐城）A. foodB. subjectC. sportD. music5.一Mrs. Black，could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter?一With pleasure．Remember that the letter should be written in the formal _____．（2011南京）A. valueB. styleC. effectD. mood6. The two cities have reached an to develop science and technology. （2011盐城）A．education B．excitement C．agreement D．invention注意：平时要记住单词的词义，做题时再通过理解句意，判断选择答案！注意：这些容易拼错的名词，你会拼写它们吗？1) stationery (文具) ; dictionary (字典) ; laboratory (实验室)2) experience (经验；经历) ; experiment (实验)3) sugar (糖) ; dollar (美元) ; guitar (吉他)4) difference (不同点) ; difficulty (困难)5) March (三月) ; match (比赛；火柴；相配)6) sweet (糖果); sweat (汗)7) model (模型;模特); medal (奖牌); metal(金属)8) chicken (鸡肉;小鸡); kitchen (厨房)9) parent (父母); present (礼物)10) monkey (猴子); money (钱)11) award (奖励; 奖品); reward (酬金; 赏金)12) progress (进步); problem (问题); program (节目; 程序)13) prize (奖品); price(价格)14) pocket(口袋); packet(小包)15) letter (信); litter 垃圾)16) effect (影响,效果); effort (努力)17) diary (日记)18) vacation (假期)19) soldier (士兵)近3年相关中考题精选1. As we know, (星期一) is the second day of a week. （2011宿迁）2．Zhang Jike，a 23-year-old player，won the gold medal in the _________ (man)singles of the World Table Tennis Championships last month．(2011 南京)3. It seemed that the victim had many___________ (enemy). （2011徐州）4.The Great Wall of China is one of the _______ (奇迹) of the world.（2011苏州）A. two hour’s driveB. two hour driveC. two hours driveD. two hours’ drive7.He went to ___ shop to buy a shirt. （2010常州）A. a tailorB. the tailorC. a tailorsD. the tailors'8. There are twenty-eight days in .(2010扬州)A. weekB. monthC. yearD. February9. Y esterday afternoon I saw a in the restaurant.（2010南通）A. GermanyB. AmericanC. EnglishD. German10. These _________ were sent to the villages to help the farmers. （2011无锡）A. women doctorB. women doctorsC. woman doctorsD. woman doctor11. Always read the on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.(2012苏州相城)A. conditionsB. instructionsC. protectionsD. inventions12. Parents shouldn’t do all the things for their children because too much prevents children’s development. (2011苏州张家港)A.protectionB. pollutionC. explorationD. application13. ---Why are you still waiting in line? ---I’ve missed my . (2010武汉)A. placeB. orderC. turnD. time14. ---What’s wrong with your mother?---She’s feeling under the . I have to send her to see a doctor. (2010武汉)A. weatherB. troubleC. problemD. pain15. If by any chance Peter comes to us, please ask him to leave a . (2012武汉)A. letterB. sentenceC. messageD. notice。