2013年高考英语语法复习之状语从句
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高考英语语法复习:八种状语从句的用法状语从句状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、方式、结果、条件、让步等八种。
一、时间状语从句:引导词有after,before,as,once,since,till,until,when,whenever,while,as soon as,the moment/minute…(一…就),the time,the day,every time,next time,each time,by the time of,no sooner…than(一…就),hardly…when(一…就).例如:Each/Every time he comes here,he will drop in on me.每次他来这儿他都顺便看我.He was ill last time I saw him.上次我见到他时他病了.No sooner had she heard the news than she cried.她一听到这个消息就哭了.[辨析]when与whilewhen引导的从句动词可以是延续性的或短暂性的,while引导的从句中动词必须是延续性的;在“be…when…”句式中when表“at that time(就在这时)”意,这样用的when不能换为while;while有时并不表示时间,而表示对比,意“而”、“却”,when无这样的用法。
例如:When I got home I found the door locked./While(或When)we were working in the fields,it suddenly began to rain./He was wandering through the streets when a bike hit him./His pencil is red,while mine is yellow.[辨析]till与until一般情况下可以互换,但until可以位于句首,till则不能。
考点31 目的、结果状语从句高考频度:★★★★★一、目的状语从句1. in order that引导的目的状语从句in order that"为了;以便"。
多用于正式文体,通常可以与so that换用。
They stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake. 他们在杭州停了下来,以便游览西湖。
The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand. 专家讲得很慢,以便人人都能听得懂。
2. so (that)引导的目的状语从句so that"为了;以便"。
so that通常可以与in order that换用,它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后,在非正式文体中,常省略that。
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 你要讲得清楚,他们才可能听得懂。
She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight. 她想让茶点在七点钟以前就备好,这样她八点就可以出门了。
3. in case/for fear (that)/lest等引导的目的状语从句in case,for fear(that)和lest这三个从属连词都表示否定目的,意思是"以免","以防"。
in case多用于英国英语,它所引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是陈述语气形式,也可以是虚拟语气形式;for fear(that)引导的从句中的谓语带有may,might,should等情态动词;lest用于正式文体,它所引导的从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。
Take your umbrella with you, lest it should rain.=Take your umbrella in case it rains.带上你的伞,以防下雨。
高考英语状语从句的用法归纳一、概说状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。
按照其意义,状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。
状语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点,也是历年高考重点考查的内容之一。
学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别,以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。
二、时间状语从句1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多,常见的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。
2. 表示“当…时候”的 while, when, as 的用法区别是:while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时,只能用 when;当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时,只能用 as。
另外,用于此义的 as 所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词,不能是状态动词。
如下面一道高考题的答案是 B 而不能是A:“I’m going to the post office.” “_____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”A. AsB. WhileC. BecauseD. If3. until 在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词,表示相应动作结束的时间;在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词,表示相应动作开始的时间,意为“直到…才”。
如:He waited until she was about to leave. 他等着一直到她准备离开。
I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才开始工作。
4. 表示“一…就”除用 as soon as 外,还可用 the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner…than, hardly…when 等。
高考英语状语从句知识点知识点复习高考英语状语从句知识点复习状语从句是高考英语中的一个重要语法点,它在句子中起到修饰、补充说明的作用,使句子的表达更加丰富和准确。
接下来,让我们一起系统地复习一下高考英语中常见的状语从句类型及其用法。
一、时间状语从句时间状语从句表示时间关系,常见的引导词有:when(当时候)、while(在期间)、as(当时,一边一边)、before(在之前)、after (在之后)、since(自从)、until / till(直到)等。
1、 when 引导的时间状语从句表示“当时候”,从句中的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生,也可以先于主句的动作发生。
例如:When I was a child, I often played in the park (当我还是个孩子的时候,我经常在公园玩耍。
)when 还可以表示“突然”,常用于 be doing when 结构。
例如:I was walking along the street when it began to rain (我正在街上走着,突然下起雨来了。
)2、 while 引导的时间状语从句表示“在期间”,从句中的动作通常是持续性的,而主句的动作通常是短暂性的。
例如:While I was reading, my mother was cooking (我读书的时候,妈妈在做饭。
)3、 as 引导的时间状语从句表示“当时,一边一边”,强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。
例如:As she sang, she danced (她一边唱歌,一边跳舞。
)4、 before 和 after 引导的时间状语从句before 表示“在之前”,after 表示“在之后”。
例如:Please close the window before you leave the room (在你离开房间之前,请关上窗户。
)After he finished his homework, he went to bed (他做完作业后就去睡觉了。
状语从句考点一时间状语从句1.表示时间的状语从句可以由when,whenever,as,while,before,until,ever since ,as soon as等词引导。
Don't be afraid of asking your teachers for help when it is needed.如有需要,不要害怕向老师问问题。
Please write it down before you forget it.趁你现在还没忘把它记下来。
Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.(2010年高考大纲全国卷Ⅱ)汤姆正要关上窗户,就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。
【温馨提示】when可表原因,意为“既然”。
How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen?既然你什么也听不下去你怎么期望学东西呢?2.as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the instant,no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一……就……”。
从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音,我就知道父亲来了。
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我们刚到车站,火车就离站了。
The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。
My sister came directly she got my short message.我姐姐一收到我的短信就来了。
3.no sooner...than和hardly...when引导的从句表示“刚……就……”。
主句中的动词一般用过去完成时,从句用过去时。
若把no sooner, hardly提到句首,主句须倒装。
No sooner had he sat down than the phone rang.他刚坐下,电话铃就响了。
Hardly had the game begun when it started to rain.比赛刚刚开始,天就开始下起雨来。
考点二条件状语从句1.通常由if,unless如果不,除非,as(so)long as 只要,in case(that)“结果,万一”等连词引导。
In case anything important happens,please call me up.万一发生了什么重要事情,请打电话给我。
My parents don't mind what job I do as long as I am happy.我父母不在乎我从事什么样的工作,只要我高兴就好。
2.由on condition(that);provided(that);providing(that)(假若;倘使);supposing(that)等引导的条件状语从句。
You can go swimming on condition that you don't get too far from the river bank.只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。
Supposing it rains tomorrow,what shall we do?假设明天下雨我们做什么?考点三地点状语从句1.通常由连词where和wherever引导,从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。
The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她母亲。
Keep in touch with your family members wherever you are in the world.不管你在世界上的什么地方,都要跟家人保持联系。
2.地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。
Where there's a will,there's a way.有志者事竟成。
Where(ver)there's plenty of sun and rain,the fields are green.哪里阳光雨水充足,哪里的田野就绿油油。
考点四让步状语从句1.由although,though,as引导的状语从句although和though同义,用法基本相同。
前者较正式,多置于句首;后者较通俗、口语化。
Although the police thought he was the most likely one,since they had no exact proof about it ,they could not arrest him.尽管警察认为他是最有可能的一个,由于没有确凿的证据,他们就不能拘留他。
【温馨提示】as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语,语序要倒装。
Difficult as the task was,they managed to finish it in time.虽然这项任务很难,他们还是设法及时完成了。
Child as he is ,he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子,但是他知道得很多。
2.even if ,even though表示“即使,纵然”,有退一步设想的意味,多用于书面语中。
I'll do it,even if it takes me all the afternoon.我要做这件事,即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。
3.whether(...or)引导让步状语从句,提供两个或两个以上的假设。
Whether I go alone or he goes with me,the result will be the same.我自己走还是他跟我一起走结果都是相同的。
4.由疑问词+ever引导让步状语从句。
Whenever you call on me,you are always welcome.不管何时你来看我,我都欢迎。
考点五原因状语从句原因状语从句常用because,since,as, for引导,还可用seeing that (既然),now that (既然),considering that...(考虑到……),in that (因为),not that...but that(不是因为……而是因为)等引导。
Now that they've got to know each other a little better,they get along just fine.由于彼此之间有了进一步了解,他们相处的不错。
John did quite well in his exams considering how little he studied.考虑到约翰才学了那么一点点,他考得已经很不错了。
考点六结果状语从句结果状语从句由so that ,so...that,such that,such...that等词引导。
I haven't seen Ann for such long that I've forgotten what she looks like.我有很长时间没见着安了,我已忘记她长什么样了。
She worked hard so that everything would be ready in time.她努力工作,为的是一切能够及时就序。
语法训练1 .(2011年高考辽宁卷)He had no sooner finished his speech________the students started cheering.A.since B.asC.when D.than解析:本题考查固定句式。
句意:他刚做完演讲,学生们就开始欢呼起来。
no sooner往往与than连用,意为:一……就……。
故答案为D项。
答案:D2.(2011年高考四川卷)As is reported,it is 100 years________Qinghua University was founded.A.when B.beforeC.after D.since解析:考查状语从句。
句意:据报道,自从清华大学成立已经有100年了。
这里用句式“It be+一段时间+since引导的状语从句”表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。
答案:D3.(2011年高考山东卷)He had his camera ready________he saw something that would make a good picture.A.even if B.if onlyC.in case D.so that解析:句意:他准备好了照相机,以便他看到好的画面就随时能够拍下来。
本题考查状语从句。
A项意为“尽管,即使”;B项意为“只要”;C项意为“以防,万一”;D项意为“为了”。
答案:C4.(2011年高考浙江卷)One Friday,we were packing to leave for a weekend away________my daughter heard cries for help.A.after B.whileC.since D.when解析:句意:一个周五,我们正在打包要出去度周末,这时我女儿听到有人求救的声音。
本句考查“be doing...when...(正在做……这时……)”这一结构,在本结构中,when是并列连词,表示“这时”的意思,相当于and at that time。
答案:D5.(2011年高考辽宁卷)No matter how________,it is not necessarily lifeless.A.a desert may be dryB.dry a desert may beC.may a desert be dryD.dry may a desert be解析:本题考查让步状语从句。
句意:无论沙漠可能会多么干燥,那里也未必没有生命。