【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】705药学综合(1)20122012

【青岛⼤学2012年考研专业课真题】基础英语（1）2012青岛⼤学2012年硕⼠研究⽣⼊学试题科⽬代码：642 科⽬名称：基础英语（1）(共13页)请写明题号，将答案全部写在答题纸上，答在试卷上⽆效PART I VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE （40 points）Choose one of the four answers that best completes the sentence.1. It is difficult to _______of a plan to end poverty.A. speculateB. conceiveC. ponderD. reckon2. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the ____ majority are inactive.A. tremendousB. demandingC. intensiveD. overwhelming3. Each workday, the workers followed the same schedules andrarely______ from this routine.A. deviatedB. disconnectedC. detachedD. distorted4. Being cynical, he was reluctant to ______ the unselfishness of any kind of act until he had ruled out all possible secret, uncharitable motives.A.questionB. endureC. creditD. witness5. By putting the entire Woolf archive on a microfilm, the project directors hope to make the contents of manuscripts more_____ to scholars.A.accessibleB. objectiveC. appealingD. implicit6. Despite all its ______, a term of enlistment in the Peace Corps can be both stirring and satisfying to a college graduate still undecided on a career.B. renownC. romanceD. frustrations7. Fitness experts claim that jogging is ; once you begin to jog regularly, you may be unable to stop, because you are sure to love it more and more all the time.A. exhaustingB. illusiveC. addictiveD. overrated8. He open quoted "reason over passion" as maxim in the longstanding division among Canada's English-speaking majority and the French descended minority concentrated in his home province of Quebec.A. adjustingB. reconcilingC. conqueringD. consolidating9. Although most dreams apparently happen _______, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.A. spontaneouslyB. simultaneouslyC. homogeneouslyD. instantaneously10. The morning news says a school bus ______ with a train at the junction and a group of policemen were sent there immediately.A. bumpedB. collidedC. crashedD. struck11. The jobs of wildlife technicians and biologists seemed ______ to him, but one day he discovered their difference.A. identicalB. parallelC. verticalD. specific12. Despite her compassionate nature, the new nominee to the Supreme Court was singleminded and uncompromising in her strict ______ the letter of the law.A.dismissal ofB. deviation fromC. adherence to13. The law on drinking and driving is ______ stated.A. extravagantlyB. exceptionallyC. empiricallyD. explicitly14. Despite almost universal______ of the vital importance of women's literacy, education remains a dream for far too many women in far too many countries of the world.A. identificationB. confessionC. complimentD. acknowledgement15. As visiting scholars, they _____willingly to the customs of the country they live in.A. submitB. commitC. conformD. subject16. Despite the ______ of the materials with which he worked, many of Tiffany’s Glass masterpieces have survived for more than seventy years.A.beautyB. abundanceC. majestyD. fragility17. Shares on the stock market have _____ as a result of worldwideeconomic downturn.A. turnedB. changedC. floatedD.18. He plays tennis to the ______A. eradicationB. exclusionC. extensionD. inclusion19. Gaddis is a formidably talented writer whose work has been,unhappily, more likely to intimidate or his readers than to lure them into his fictional world.A. fascinateB. strengthenC. transformD. repel20. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will ______.A. pull backB. pull upC. pull throughD. pull out21. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the ________ of a brilliant career.A. thresholdB. edgeC. porchD. course22. As a _____ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.A. flexibleB. versatileC. sophisticatedD. productive23. First published in 1927, the charts remain an _______ source for researchersA. intelligentB. indispensableC. inevitableD. identical24. Contemporary critics often _____the poet Longfellow as a simple sentimentalist who relied too much on poetic meters only suitable for light verse.B. endorseC. dismissD. acclaim25. Despite careful restoration and cleaning of the murals in the 1960s, the colors slowly but steadily _______.A.persistedB. saturatedC. deterioratedD. stabilized26. Governments today play an increasingly larger role in theof welfare, economics, and education.A. scopesB. rangesC. ranksD. domains27. Harold claimed that he was a serious and well-known artist, but inf act he was a(n)________.A. alienB. clientC. counterpartD. fraud28. Their claims to damages have not been _______ convincingly.A. refutedB. overwhelmedC. depressedD. intimidated29. It was__________ that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.A. addictedB. allegedC. assaultedD. ascribed.30. If those large publishers that respond solely to popular literary trends continue to dominate the publishing market, the initial publication of new writers will depend on the writer’s willingness to________ popular tastes.A. struggle againstB. cater toC. admire31. Dominant interests often benefit most from________ ofgovernment interference in business, since they are able to takecare of themselves if left alone.A. intensificationB. authorizationC. centralizationD. elimination32. Excellent films are those which national and culturalbarriers.A. transcendB. traverseC. abolishD. suppress33. Advances in health care have lengthened life spans, lowered infantmortality rates, and thus ________ the overpopulation problem.A. eliminatedB. aggravatedC. minimizedD. distorted34. American culture now stigmatizes, and sometimes even heavily_______ behavior that was once taken for granted: overt racism, cigarette smoking the use of sexual stereotypes.A. penalizesB. advocatesC. ignoresD. advertises35. Her is always a source of irritation: she never uses a singleword when she can substitute a long clause or phrase in its place.A. verbosityB. simplicityC. cogencyD. rhetoric36. Dr. Smith cautioned that the data so far are not sufficientlyto warrant dogmatic assertions by either side in the debate.A. hypotheticalC. controversialD. unequivocal37. It was only the first day of summer vacation, but his nerves werealready____ by the constant clamor of the children.A. eliminatedB. alleviatedC. provokedD. frayed38. Even if you do not what I have to say, I would appreciateyour listening to me with an open mind.A. concur withB. rejectC. clarifyD. deviate from39. He is the only person who can_______ in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysterious1y.A. testifyB. chargeC. accuseD. rectify40. He was success, painting not for the sake of fame ormonetary reward, but for the sheer love of art.A. indifferent toB. destined forC. jaded byD. enamored ofPART II CLOZE (10 Points)Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Write the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper,adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affectsthe lives of our young by acting as a(an) 1 for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it 2 a variety of functions in human life. The time spent in front of the television screenis usually at the 3 of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest. 4 by what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly 5 themselveswith different characters. Americans have been concerned aboutmedia 8 , such as video games, cable television, music videos,and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, thesemedia, 9 television, 10 public concern and research attention. Another large societal concern on our young generation 11 by the media, is body image. 12 forces caninfluence body image positively or negatively. 13 one, societal andcultural norms and mass media marketing 14 our concepts ofbeauty. In the mass media, the images of 15 beauty fill magazinesand newspapers, 16 from our televisions and entertainus 17 the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media 18 onaccepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain.Young adults are presented with a 19 defined standard of attractiveness, a(n) 20 that carries unrealistic physical expectations.1 A. alternative B. preference C. substitute D. representative2 A. accomplishes B. fulfills C. provides D. suffices3 A. risk B. mercy C. height D. expense4 A. Absorbed B. Attracted C. Aroused D. Addicted5 A. identify B. recognize C. unify D. equate6 A. abundance B. incidence C. prevalence D. recurrence7 A. disposed B. hidden C. implicit D. potential8 A. merged B. emerged C. immerged D. submerged9 A. apart from B. much as C. but for D. along with10 A. promote B. propel C. prompt D. prosper11 A. inspired B. imposed C. delivered D. contributed12 A. External B. Exterior C. Explicit D. Exposed13 A. As B. At C. For D. In14 A. mark B. effect C. impact D. shock15 A. generalized B. regularized C. standardized D. categorized16 A. boom B. bottom C. brim D. beam17 A. over B. with C. on D. at18 A. play B. take C. profit D. resort19 A. barely B. carefully C. narrowly D. subjectively20 A. ideal B. image C. stereotype D. criterion PART III READING COMPREHENSION (30 Points)In this section there are three reading passages followed by atotal of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages andthen write your answers on your answer sheet.In the 1950’s, as a writer and editor for Architectural Forum magazine, Jane Jacobs often visited housing projects designed by someof the leading architects of the day.In some cases, she observed that whole districts had been torndown and replaced by meticulously planned new buildings and parks,each of them a monument to its creator’s love of orderliness and hatredof traditional urban chaos. She discovered that these projects werestrikingly unsuccessful because they were imposed on rather thancreated in collaboration with the people using them. Intentionally, they eliminated diversity—stores were separated from dwellings, for instance—and yet diversity was the very quality that made city life interesting and enjoyable. Planners with the best of intentions hadcreated great windswept open spaced that no one wanted to use. Ms.Jacobs noticed that people preferred to spend their time visiting the oldand chaotic-looking neighborhoods nearby.In her writings she argued for the appreciation and nurturing of spontaneity and inventiveness of individuals rather than the generalized and abstract plans of governments and corporations. TheDeath and Life of Great American Cities was about planning, but alsoabout the spirit and energy that animate cities and civilizations. Jacobsargued that we must love cities for what they are: not poor imitationsof the countryside or works of art designed by master planners but unpredictable, exuberant, and surprising rich creations of those whoknow how to use them and care for them. People who were influencedby her argument began to think differently not only about planning of cities but also about spontaneity and diversity as virtues in themselves.1.With which of the following subjects is the passage mainlyconcerned?A. Architectural writers of the 1950’s.B. Jane Jacobs’ observations about city planning.C. The need for housing projects.D. The problems caused by urban chaos.2.Jacobs criticized many big housing projects because theyA. were poorly planned and disorderly.B. were not supported by governments and corporations.C. did not reflect the designers’ preferences.D. did not take into account the needs of the people.3.According to Jacobs, the separation of stores from dwellings wasan example of theB. desire for spontaneity.C. expression of individualism.D. elimination of diversity.4.Which of the following can be inferred about Jacobs?A. She thought cities were too crowded.B. She preferred neighborhoods where businesses and residencesare mixed.C. She lived in a planned community.D. She was concerned about safety standards in old buildings.5.According to Jacobs, where do people who live in housing projectsprefer to spend their time?A. In the countryside.B. In parks.C. At museums.D. In traditional city neighborhoods.Passage 2That Louise Nevelson is believed by many critics to be the greatest twentieth-century sculptor is all the more remarkable because the greatest resistance to women artists has been, until recently, in the field of sculpture. Since Neolithic times, sculpture has been consideredthe prerogative of men, partly, perhaps, for purely physical reasons: it was erroneously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working metal. It has been only during the twentieth century that women sculptors have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United States, especially since the decades of the fifties and sixties, that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. Their rise to prominence parallels the development of sculpture itself in the United States while there had been a few talented sculptors in the United States before the 1940's, it was only after 1945---when New York was rapidly becoming the art capital of the world---that major sculpture was produced in the United States. Some of the best was the work of women.By far the most outstanding of these women is Louise Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original female artist alive today. One famous and influential critic, Hilton Kramer, said of her work, "For myself, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fail." （17-18）Her works have been compared to the Cubist constructions of Picasso, the Surrealistic objects of Miro, and the Merzbau of Schwitters. Nevelson would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by African sculpture, and by Native American and pre-Columbian art, but she has absorbed all these influences and still created a distinctive art that expresses the urban landscape and the aesthetic sensibility of the twentieth century. Nevelson says, "I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere, except that it has to pass through a creative mind." （24-26）Using mostly discarded wooden objects like packing crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural ornaments, all of which she has hoarded for years, she assembles architectural constructions of great beauty and power. Creating very freely with no sketches, she glues and nails objects together, paints them black, or more rarely white or gold, and places them in boxes. These assemblages, walls, even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she has denied any symbolic or religious intent in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedra l and NightCathedral, suggest such connotations. In some ways, her most ambitious works are closer to architecture than to traditional sculpture, but then neither Louise Nevelson nor her art fits into any neat category.6.The passage focuses primarily on which of the following?B.The work of a particular artistC.The artistic influences on women sculptorsD.Critical responses to twentieth-century sculpture7.Which of the following statements is supported by informationgiven in the passage?A.Since 1945 women sculptors in the United States haveproduced more sculpture than have men sculptors.B.From 1900 to 1950 women sculptors in Europe enjoyed morerecognition for their work than did women sculptors in theUnited States.C.Prior to 1945 there were many women sculptors whose workwas ignored by critics.D.Prior to 1945 there was little major sculpture produced by menor women sculptors working the United States.8.The author quotes Hilton Kramer in lines 17-18 most probably inorder to illustrate which of the following?A.The realism of Nevelson's work.B.The unique qualities of Nevelon's style.C.The extent of critical approval of Nevelson's work.D.A distinction between sculpture and painting.9. Which of the following is one way in which Nevelson's art illustrates her theory as it is expressed in lines 24-26?A.She sculpts in wood rather than in metal or stone.B.She paints her sculptures and frames them in boxes.C.She makes no preliminary sketches but rather than allows the sculpture to develop as she works.D.She puts together pieces of ordinary objects once used for different purposes to make her sculptures.10. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about Nevelson's sculptures?A.They suggest religious and symbolic meanings.B.They do not have qualities characteristic of sculpture.C.They are mysterious and awe-inspiring, but not beautiful.D.They are uniquely American in style and sensibility.Passage 3The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660—some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that slavery existed in fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to the 1660’s was that of servants. A critique of the Handlin’s interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.The Handlins explain the appearance of legal slavery by arguing that, during the 1660’s, the position of White servants was improving relative to that of Black servants. Thus, the Handlins contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objections to this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately demonstrate that the White servant’s position was improving during and after the 1660’s; several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlins’s interpretation is their assumption that prior to the establishment of legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is true that before the 1660’s Black people were rarely called slaves. But this should not overshadow evidence from the1630’s on those points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited status—the two attributes of true slavery—yet in other cases it included both. The Handlins’ argument excludes the real possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people.This possibility has important ramifications. If from the outset Black people were discriminated against, then legal slavery should be viewed as a reflection and an extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many historians including the Handlins have argued, the cause of prejudice. In addition, the existence of discrimination before the advent of legal slavery offers a further explanation for the harshertreatment of Black slaves in North than in South America. Freyre and Tannenbaum have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in North America-such as a Roman conception of a slavery and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equality-explains why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South America. But this cannot be the whole explanation since it is merely negative, based only on a lake of something. A more compelling explanation is that the early and sometimes extreme racial discrimination in the English colonies helped determine the particular nature of the slavery that followed.11. Which of the following statements best describes the organizationof lines 1-5 of the passage?A. A historical trend is sketched and an exception to that trend is cited.B. Evidence for a historical irregularity is mentioned and ageneralization from that evidence is advanced.C. A statement about a historical phenomenon is offered and a possible misinterpretation of that statement is addressed.D. An interpretation of the rise of an institution is stated andevidence for that interpretation is provided.12. Which of the following is the most logical inference to be drawnfrom the passage about the effects of “several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures”(lines 14-15) passed during and after the 1660’s?A. The acts negatively affected the pre-1660’s position of Black aswell as of White servants.B. The acts had the effect of impairing rather than improving theposition of White servants relative to what it had been beforethe 1660’s.C. The acts, at the very least, caused the position of White servantsto remain no better than it had been before the 1660’s.D. The acts, as the very least, tended to reflect the attitudes towardBlack servants that already existed before the 1660’s.13. With which of the following statements regarding the status ofBlack people in the English colonies of North America before the 1660’s would the author be LEAST likely to agree?A. Although Black people were not legally considered to be slaves,they were often called slaves.B. Although subject to some discrimination, Black people had ahigher legal status than they did after the 1660’s.C. Although sometimes subject to lifetime servitude, Black peoplewere not legally considered to be slaves.D. Although often not treated the same as White people, Blackpeople, like many White people, possessed the legal status of servants.14. According to the passage, the Handlins have argued which of thefollowing about the relationship between racial prejudice and the institution of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America?A. Racial prejudice and the institution of slavery arose simultaneously.B. Racial prejudice most often took the form of the imposition ofinherited status, one of the attributes of slavery.C. The source of racial prejudice was the institution of slavery.D. Because of the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, racialprejudice sometimes did not result in slavery.15. With which of the following statements regarding the reason forthe introduction of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America would the author be most likely to agree?A. The introduction is partly to be explained by reference to theorigins of slavery, before the 1660’s, in the Spanish andPortuguese colonies.B. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference to adecline than to an improvement in the position of White servants in the colonies during and after 1660’s.C. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference tothe position of Black servants in the colonies in the 1630’s thanby reference to their position in the 1640’s and 1650’s.D. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference tothe history of Black people in the colonies before 1660 than byreference to the improving position of White servants duringand after the 1660’s.PART IV TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO CHINESE (30 Points)To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, and the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own - and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a suddenalienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.PART V WRITING (40 Points)Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed (damaged) by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your opinion?Write an essay of about 400 words, expressing your views on the topic above. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, diction and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。

目　录2007年青岛大学705药学综合考研真题2009年青岛大学705药学综合考研真题2010年青岛大学705药学综合考研真题2011年青岛大学705药学综合（1）考研真题2012年青岛大学705药学综合（1）考研真题2013年青岛大学705药学综合（1）考研真题2014年青岛大学705药学综合（1）考研真题2015年青岛大学705药学综合考研真题2017年青岛大学705药学综合（1）考研真题2007年青岛大学705药学综合考研真题2009年青岛大学705药学综合考研真题青岛大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：705科目名称：药学综合请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、名词解释（每小题5分，共计60分）：1．香豆素与木脂素；2．三萜皂苷与甾体皂苷；3．经验的异戊二烯法则与生源的异戊二烯法则；4．杂质限量；5．准确度；6．酸性染料比色法；7．flocculation；8．surfacant；9．CRH；10．药物化学；11．抗代谢药物；12．NO供体药物；二、单项选择（每小题2分，共计40分）：1．水解人参皂苷欲得到真正的皂苷元应用（ ）A．霍夫曼降解B．埃姆得降解C．Smith降解D．酸水解2．甾体皂苷元的最基本结构特点是（ ）A．有30个碳B．有5个环C．有环戊烷骈多氢菲结构D．C17为不饱和内酯环取代3．下列化合物的生物合成途径为醋酸—丙二酸途径的是（ ）。

A．甾体皂苷B．三萜皂苷C．生物碱类D．蒽醌类4．下列能溶于NaHCO3溶液的有（ ）A．1,2－二OH蒽醌B．1,2,3－三OH蒽醌C．1,8－二OH蒽醌D．1,4,5,8－四OH蒽醌5．强心苷苷元与糖连接的方式有三种类型，其共同点是：（ ）A．葡萄糖在末端B．鼠李糖在末端C．去氧糖在末端D．氨基糖在末端6．药典（2005版）用高氯酸液滴定枸橼酸乙胺嗪片（规格100mg/片）取供试品10片，精密称定得2.000g，精密称取0.5000g，依法滴定，消耗0.1000mol/L的高氯酸液6.40ml，每1ml的高氯酸（0.1mol/L）相当于39.14mg枸橼酸乙胺嗪，该供试品含量相当标示量为（ ）A．99.5%B．103.3%C．100.2%D．101.0%7．《中国药典》中，苯巴比妥的含量测定方法是（ ）A．双相滴定法B．非水滴定法C．银量法D．溴酸钾法8．下列药物的碱性溶液，加入铁氰化钾再加正丁醇，显蓝色荧光的是（ ）A．维生素AB．维生素B1C．维生素CD．维生素D9．硫酸链霉素的鉴别反应为（ ）A．麦芽酚反应B．硫色素反应C．绿奎宁反应D．戊烯二醛反应E．重氮化-偶合反应10．片剂中的糖类对下列哪种测定方法有影响（ ）A．氧化还原滴定法B．非水滴定法C．双相滴定法D．配位滴定法E．两步滴定法11．下列选项那个属于1类新药的范畴：（ ）A．改变给药途径且尚未在国内外上市销售的制剂。

青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题学科代码：353 科目名称：卫生综合（共6页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效第一至第四大题仅供学术型考生答题，第五大题仅供专业学位考生答题一、名词解释（每题4分，共64分，仅供学术型考生答题）1.Ames试验2.慢性毒作用带3.LD504.光化学烟雾：5.Biomagnification6.生化需氧量7.尘肺8.职业中毒9.动力定型10.Neyman bias11. 历史性队列研究12. 伤残调整生命年13. 反式脂肪酸14．基础代谢15．INQ16．食品强化二、填空题（每空1分，共32分，仅供学术型考生答题）1.化学致癌过程可分为______，______和______三个阶段。

2.生物学标志主要包括______，______和______三种类型。

3.含氮有机物在土壤中进行无机化的第一个阶段是__ __作用。

4.全球环境的三大主要问题是，__ _和____ __。

5.氡及其短命子体对人体健康的危害主要是引起__ ____。

6.水俣病是由___ ___中毒引起的。

7.慢性苯中毒主要累及__ _ __系统，急性苯中毒主要累及__ _ __系统.8.矽肺是因长期吸入__ _ ___粉尘引起的，长期吸入硅酸盐粉尘可引起__ _ __ _。

9.职业性雷诺现象也称为__ _ ___。

10.低频率、大振幅的全身振动，引起的运动病也称为 ___。

11.在描述性研究中，一般无须特设，其研究资料的主要分析指标是。

12.阴性似然比是与之比。

13.疾病分布，季节性的两种表现形式为：__________和__________。

14.通常使用来表示食品中可被微生物利用的水，其与微生物的生长繁殖、食品品质和储藏性存在着密切的关系。

15.硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐对菌有特殊的抑制作用，我国规定硝酸钠（钾）在肉制品中的最大使用量为。

16.谷类食品蛋白质的第一限制氨基酸是。

目　录2009年青岛大学707卫生管理综合考研真题2010年青岛大学707卫生管理综合考研真题2011年青岛大学707卫生管理综合考研真题2012年青岛大学707卫生管理综合考研真题2013年青岛大学707卫生管理综合考研真题2014年青岛大学707卫生管理综合考研真题2015年青岛大学707卫生管理综合考研真题2016年青岛大学707卫生管理综合考研真题2017年青岛大学707卫生管理综合考研真题2009年青岛大学707卫生管理综合考研真题科目代码：707科目名称：卫生管理综合（共6页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、名词解释（每题5分，共50分）1．疾病经济负担2．绩效管理3．卫生政策4．DRGs5．筛查6．卫生服务需求7．区域卫生规划8．卫生人力资源9．医院感染管理10．首诊负责制二、填空题（每空1分，共50分）1．ISO9001八项质量管理原则为：以_____为关注焦点、_____、领导作用、_____、管理的系统方法、_____、基于事实的决策方法和与供方互利的关系。

2．PDCA循环是指计划、_____、_____、_____循环上升的过程。

3．医院管理的职能由_____、_____、控制与协调、指导与教育、_____与_____五个方面组成。

4．医疗质量的形成过程由三个层次构成，称为“三级质量结构”，即结构质量、_____和_____。

5．医院经营管理的原理一般有：以人为本原理、_____、能级性原理。

6．常见的风险管理战略有：_____、风险承担、_____、风险转移等。

7．医学教育的基本特征包括社会性、_____、权变性和_____。

8．医学教育终身模式包括_____、_____和继续医学教育三个阶段。

9．大学生常见自杀原因包括心理疾病、_____、_____、环境适应不良、_____等。

10．吸毒的三级预防中的一级预防主要是针对_____进行_____宣传教育，提高认识。

青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：705 科目名称：药学综合(1) （共5页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、名词解释（每小题5分，共60分）1、镇静催眠药2、β-内酰胺酶抑制剂3、β-受体阻滞剂4、黄酮类化合物：5、生物碱：6、锆-枸椽酸反应：7、杂质限量：8、滴定度：9、检测限：10、乳析：11、CRH：12、长循环脂质体:二、单选题（每小题2分，共计40分）1、麻黄碱分子中有2个手性中心，四个异构体。

临床上用构型是（）A．（1R，2R）B．（1R，2S）C．（1S，2R）D．（1S，2S）2、头孢噻肟合成的一个主要原料（）A．6-APA B．6-ACAC．7-ACA D．7-ADCA3、替丁类抗溃疡药物的硫醚四原子链上有支链则活性（）A．降低B．提高C．不变D．随支链长度降低4、下面几个药物中属于消化系统药物的是( )A．Indomethacin B．CimetidineC．Nifedipine D．Catopril5、下面哪个药物的作用与受体有关（）A．氯沙坦B．奥美拉唑C．硝酸甘油D．尼莫地平6、不同苷原子的苷水解速度由慢到快顺序是（）A. S-苷>N-苷>C-苷>O-苷B. C-苷>S-苷>O-苷>N-苷C. N-苷>O-苷>S-苷>C-苷D. O-苷>N-苷>C-苷>S-苷E. C-苷>O-苷>S-苷>N-苷7、木脂素的基本结构特征是（）A. 单分子对羟基桂皮醇衍生物B. 二分子C6-C3缩合C．多分子C6-C3缩合 D. 四分子C6-C3缩合E．三分子C6-C3缩合8、下列反应中用于鉴别羟基蒽醌类化合物的是（）A．无色亚甲蓝反应B．Borntráger反应C．Kesting-Craven反应D．Molish反应E．对亚硝基二甲苯胺反应9、下列化合物酸性最强的是（）A．槲皮素B．橙皮苷C．黄芩素D．橙皮苷元E．槲皮素-7-葡萄糖10、环烯醚萜苷只有下列何种性质（）A. 挥发性B. 脂溶性C. 稳定性D. 甜味E. 易水解11、某药物进行中间体杂质检查：取该药0.2g，加水溶解并稀释至25.0mL，取此液5.0mL，稀释至25.0mL，摇匀，置1cm比色皿中，于320nm处测得吸光度为0.05。