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1 The fundamental unit of all living organisms is the: B
A. membrane
B. cell
C. nucleus
D. cell wall
2 The term "antibiotic" means: C
A. a substance produced by the laboratory that kills or inhibits other microorganisms
B. a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits molds
C. a substance produced by microorganism that kills or inhibits other microorganisms
D. a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits cancer cells
3 Which of the following mechanisms transports molecules with chemical alteration? B
A. active transport
B. group translocation
C. facilitated diffusion
D. binding protein transport
4 Lysozyme and penicillin have activity against the cell wall. Lysozyme breaks this component; penicillin prevents its formation. C
A. lipopolysaccharide
B. Phospholipid
C. Peptidoglycan
D. teichoic acid
5 Which of the following is not found in all bacterial cell? D
A. cell membrane
B. a nucleoid
C. ribosomes
D. capsule
6 Pili are tubular shafts in bacteria that serve as a means of . C
A. gram-positive, genetic exchange
B. gram-positive, attachment
C. gram-negative, genetic exchange
D. gram-negative, protection
7 Which of the following is present in both gram-positive and gram-negative cell wall? B
A. an outer membrane
B. peptidoglycan
C. teichoic acid
D. lipopolysaccharides
8 Yeasts are fungi, and molds are fungi. B
A. macroscopic, microscopic
B. unicellular, filamentous
C. motile, nonmotile
D. water, terrestrial
9 A virus is a tiny infectious . C
A. cell
B. living thing
C. particle
D. nucleic acid
10 The nucleic acid of a virus is D
A. DNA only
B. RNA only
C. both DNA and RNA
D. either DNA or RNA
11 The general steps in a viral multiplication cycle are A
A. adsorption, penetration, replication, maturation, and release
B. endocytosis, uncoating, replication, assembly, and budding
C. adsorption, uncoating, duplication, assembly, and lysis
D. endocytosis, penetration, replication, maturation, and exocytosis
12 The protein coat structure of the virus is called a: D
A. coat
B. envelop
C. receptor
D.capsid
13 In some cases intact viruses are not needed to infect a cell. Infectious protein molecules that can cause disease are given the term: A
A.prions
B. viroids
C. Capsomers
D.Virions
14 Lichens are symbiotic relationship between fungi and: A
A.algae
B. eubacteria
C. protozoa
D. archeabacteria
15 Most plant diseases are caused by: A
A. fungi
B. bacteria
C.viruses
D. viroids
16 Decomposition of organic matter in streams and lakes leads to a decrease in: C
A. CO2
B. O2
C. CH4
D.NH3
17 Bacterial genes are considered: D
A. homozygous
B. heterozygous
C. diploid
D. haploid
18 Extrachromosomal elements are known to contain genetic information for all the following except: D
A. nitrogen fixation
B. toxin production
C. antibiotic resistance
D. cell wall repair
19 Which of the following mutations would result in a change in the amino acid in the polypeptid chain? D
A. suppressor
B. silent
C. Nonsense
D. missense
20 The technique of replica plating is often used to detect nutritional mutations. Microorganisms hat grow on complete media but fail to grow on minimal media are called: B
A. autotrophs
B. auxotrophs
C. symbionts
D. heterotrophs
21 Virus are known to infect D
A. plants
B. bacteria
C. fungi
D. all organisms
22 Isolation of recombinant DNA requires the use of specific enzymes that cut the DNA at specific sequences. These enzymes are called: C
A. ligases
B. recombination enzymes
C. restriction enzymes
D. excision enzymes
23 Which of the following fermentation processes is more efficient? C
A. batch
B. kettle
C. continuous flow
D. incubator
24 The accumulation of penicillin occurs at which phase of the growth cycle of the fungi D
A. trophophase
B. log
C. growth
D. stationary
25 Most of the major antibiotics used in medicine are producted by C
