2014年北外北二外翻译硕士日语考研状元笔记,考研参考书笔记

1/11【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。

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第二外国语大学（原题）翻译硕士英语一、完形填空（全文录入，题目省略）：During the first many decades of this nation’s existence,the United States was a wide-open,dynamic country with a rapidly expanding economy.It was also a country that tolerated a large amount of cruelty and pain —poor people living in misery,workers suffering from exploitation.Over the years,Americans decided they wanted a little more safety and security.This is what happens as nations grow wealthier;they use money to buy civilization.Occasionally,our ancestors found themselves in a sweet spot.They could pass legislation that brought security but without a cost to vitality.But adults know that this situation is rare.In the real world,there’s usually a trade-off.The unregulated market wants to direct capital to the productive and the young.Welfare policies usually direct resources to the vulnerable and the elderly.Most social welfare legislation,even successful legislation,siphons money from the former to the latter.Early in this health care reform process,many of us thought we were in that magical sweet spot.We could extend coverage to the uninsured but also improve the system overall to lower costs.2/11【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2That is,we thought it would be possible to reduce the suffering of the vulnerable while simultaneously squeezing money out of the wasteful system and freeing it up for more productive uses.That’s what the management gurus call a win-win.It hasn’t worked out that way.The bills before Congress would almost certainly ease the anxiety of the uninsured,those who watch with terror as their child or spouse grows ill,who face bankruptcy and ruin.And the bills would probably do it without damaging the care the rest of us receive.In every place where reforms have been tried —from Massachusetts to Switzerland —people come to cherish their new benefits.The new plans become politically untouchable.But,alas,there would be trade-offs.Instead of reducing costs,the bills in Congress would probably raise them.They would mean that more of the nation’s wealth would be siphoned off from productive uses and shifted into a still wasteful health care system.The authors of these bills have tried to foster efficiencies.The Senate bill would initiate several interesting experiments designed to make the system more effective —giving doctors incentives to collaborate,rewarding hospitals that provide quality care at lower cost.It’s possible that some of these experiments will bloom into potent systemic reforms.But the general view among independent health care economists is that these changes will not fundamentally bend the cost curve.The system after reform will look as it does today,only bigger and more expensive.Rather than pushing all of the new costs onto future generations,as past governments have done,the Democrats have admirably agreed to raise taxes.Over the next generation,the tax increases in the various bills could funnel trillions of dollars from the general economy into the medical system.Moreover,the current estimates almost certainly understate the share of the nation’s wealth that will have to be shifted.In these bills,the present Congress pledges that future Congresses will impose painful measures to cut Medicare payments and impose efficiencies.Future Congresses3/11【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 3rarely live up to these pledges.Somebody screams “Rationing!”and there is a bipartisan rush to kill even the most tepid cost-saving measure.After all,if the current Congress,with pride of authorship,couldn’t reduce costs,why should we expect that future Congresses will?The bottom line is that we face a brutal choice.Reform would make us a more decent society,but also a less vibrant one.It would ease the anxiety of millions at the cost of future growth.It would heal a wound in the social fabric while piling another expensive and untouchable promise on top of the many such promises we’ve already made.America would be a less youthful,ragged and unforgiving nation,and a more middle-aged,civilized and sedate one.We all have to decide what we want at this moment in history,vitality or security.We can debate this or that provision,but where we come down will depend on that moral preference.Don’t get stupefied by technical details.This debate is about values.二、阅读理解，回答问题：Obama Loses a RoundWhile the jury is still out on what President Obama’s China visit has achieved for the long term,the president has most decidedly lost the war of symbolism in his first close encounter with China.In status-conscious China,symbolism and protocol play a role that is larger than life.U.S.diplomatic blunders could reinforce Beijing’s mindset that blatant information control works,and that a rising China can trump universal values of open,accountable government.During Mr.Obama’s visit,the Chinese outmaneuvered the Americans in all public events,from the disastrous town hall meeting in Shanghai to the stunted press conference in Beijing.In characteristic manner,the Chinese tried to shut out the public,while the U.S.unwittingly cooperated.The final image of President Obama in China that circulated around the world is telling:A lone man walking up the steep slope of the Great Wall.The picture is in stark contrast to those of other U.S.presidents who had their photographs taken at the Great Wall surrounded by flag-waving4/11【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 4children or admiring citizens.Maybe Mr.Obama wanted a quiet moment for himself before returning home.But a president’s first visit to the wall is a ritual that needs to be properly framed.Mr.Obama could have waited until the next visit,when he could bring the first lady and the children.Instead,he went ahead by himself to pay tribute to China’s ancient culture.In return,the Chinese offered nothing,no popular receptions,not even the companionship of a senior Chinese leader.The trouble for the U.S.started at the town hall meeting two days earlier —a more scripted event than those organized with students for earlier U.S.presidents.There was no real dialogue,as a programmed audience,most of them Communist League Youth members,asked coached questions.The Chinese also rejected the U.S.request for live national coverage and defaulted on a promise to live-stream the meeting at ,the online version of China’s state-owned news agency.Mr.Obama scored a point when he managed to address the issue of Internet freedom after the U.S.ambassador,Jon Huntsman,fielded him the question from a Chinese netizen submitted online.Meanwhile,Chinese officials garnered from the meeting generous quotes from Mr.Obama affirming China’s achievements and America’s expressions of good will,which were turned into glowing headlines for the Chinese media.In this round of the propaganda skirmish,the U.S.scored one point while China reaped a handful.Mr.Obama was similarly shut out from addressing the public in Beijing.At the Beijing press conference,President Hu Jintao and President Obama read prepared statements and would not take questions from reporters.“This was an historic meeting between the two leaders,and journalists should have had the opportunity to ask questions,to probe beyond the statements,”protested Scott McDonald,the president of China’s Foreign Correspondents Club,but to no avail.In a final dash to break through the information blockade,the Obama team offered an exclusive interview to Southern Weekend,China’s most feisty newspaper,based in Guangzhou.Once again,journalists’questions were programmed and the paper censored.In protest,the paper prominently displayed vast white spaces on the first and second page of the edition that carried the interview.Propaganda officials are investigating this act of defiance.5/11【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 5Only the Obama team knows for sure how they allowed themselves to be outmaneuvered.Unwittingly,the U.S.helped to produce a package of faux public events.Pundits argued that the visitors were not supposed to impose the “American way”on China and that America needs to respect Chinese practices.The argument is both patronizing and condescending.Increasingly,the Chinese public has been clamoring for greater official transparency and accountability,while the Chinese government has been making progress on these fronts.No one in his right mind would ask Mr.Obama to lecture Beijing on human rights.But the Chinese public deserves better accounting,no less than Americans citizens.To their credit,U.S.officials did try to get their message out online.But it was the Chinese bloggers who were most active in challenging official information control.They at least fought the good fight with growing confidence,a fight the Americans seem unable to wage effectively.三、写作。

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北大、人大、中财、北外 、中传教授创办 集训营、一对一保分、视频、小班 2014年视频课程+近三年真题+笔记+最后押题三套卷+公共课阅卷人一对一指导
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育明教育，7年专注考研辅导，北大、北外、中财、北外教授领衔辅导！
2014年北京外国语大学翻译硕士百科知识考研参考书
《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，光明日报出版社，2013年7月版
生活常识（2）
个人收入中可以用来消费支出和储蓄的部分，叫做什么收入：个人可支配收入
国际风筝节我国哪一城市举行：潍坊
老年人吃菜应多加些：醋
坐飞机时若遇险情，应将安全带缚住自己的：腰部
通过土地使用权出让方式取得有限期的土地使用权，应支付：土地使用权出让金
假如被流沙陷住，应该：身体后倾，平躺在沙面上
砌砖墙时，码砖的规则是：错缝
我国哪一银行执行中央银行的职能：中国人民银行
如果有猛兽要袭击你，你逃跑时选择怎样的路线： “之”字形
有“金边债券”美誉的债券品种是：国债
远视眼患者应该少吃：高脂肪食品
按我国汽车型号的命名规则，7180型的“180”指：气缸容量1.8升
如果破了伤口，用什么擦可以消炎： 盐水
56K 速率的调制解调器，其理论上能够达到的最大下载传输速率是： 7K
沿房檐柱砌筑的砖墙叫做： 檐墙
人民币八年定期存款所得利息交税吗： 不交利息税
对于拥有剩余资金的人来说，将资金投向哪里既有较大的收益，又安全、便利： 分散投资
哪种水果可以止咳： 梨
搪瓷口杯是以什么划分的： 内径尺寸
夜晚在树林迷路对辨别方向无用的是： 太阳。

2014年视频课程+近三年真题+笔记+最后押题三套卷+公共课阅卷人一对一指导=2500元 7月1日前报名，8折优惠！8月1日前9折优惠！育明教育，7年专注考研辅导，北大、北外、中财、北外教授领衔辅导！2014年北京外国语大学翻译硕士百科知识考研参考书《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，光明日报出版社，2013年7月版文化常识（4）1. 佛教四大名山：五台山峨眉山普陀山九华山2. 中国四大发明：指南针造纸术印刷术火药3. 中医四诊：望闻问切4. 戏曲四行当：生旦净丑5. 道教四大名山：湖北武当山江西龙虎山四川青城山安徽齐云山6. 四大石窟：云冈石窟龙门石窟麦积山石窟敦煌莫高窟7. 黄山四绝：奇松怪石云海温泉8. 泰山四大奇观：旭日东升晚霞反照黄河金带云海玉盘9. 中国四大名楼；岳阳楼黄鹤楼腾王阁太白楼10. 四大古典小说：《三国演义》水浒传西游记红楼梦11. 四大谴责小说：官场现形记（李宝嘉）二年目睹之怪现状（吴研人）老残游记（刘鄂）孽海花（曾朴）12. 民间四大传说：牛郎织女孟姜女寻夫梁山伯与祝英台白蛇与许仙13. 古代四美女：西施（沉鱼）王昭君（落雁）貂禅（闭月）杨玉环（羞花）14. 古代四美：音乐珍味文章言谈/ / 良晨美景赏心乐事15. 苏门四学士：黄庭坚秦观晁补之张诔16. 四史：史记汉书君汉书三国志17. 历史上四大书院：庐山白鹿洞长沙岳麓衡阳石鼓19. 古代祥瑞四灵：龙凤麒麟龟20. 宋中兴四诗人：陆游杨万里范大成尤袤21. 科考四级及录取者称谓：院试－秀才乡试－举人会试－贡生殿士－进士22. 千古文章四大家：韩愈柳宗元欧阳修苏洵苏轼23. 有很高史学和文学价值的三史：史记汉书后汉书24. 三班父子：班彪班固班昭25. 三书指：魏书蜀书吴书后人将其合为一本称三国志。

26. 左思的三都赋指：蜀都赋（成都）吴都赋（南京）魏都赋（邺）27. 南朝三谢：谢灵运谢惠连谢眺28. 三瘦词人指：李清照三个名句是：29. 莫道不销魂，帘卷西风，人比黄花瘦。

育明教育官网
北大、人大、中财、北外 、中传教授创办 集训营、一对一保分、视频、小班 2014年视频课程+近三年真题+笔记+最后押题三套卷+公共课阅卷人一对一指导
=2500元 7月1日前报名，8折优惠！8月1日前9折优惠！
育明教育，7年专注考研辅导，北大、北外、中财、北外教授领衔辅导！
2014年北京外国语大学翻译硕士百科知识考研参考书
《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，光明日报出版社，2013年7月版
百科知识—文化
文化常识（1）
1. 唐代被称为 “诗魔”的是白居易
2. 第一位女词人是：李清照
3. 第一部词典是：尔雅
4. 第一部大百科全书是：永乐大典
5. 第一部诗歌总集是：诗经
6. 第一部文选：昭明文选
7. 第一部字典：说文解字
8. 第一部神话集：山海经
9. 第一部文言志人小说集：世说新语
10. 第一部文言志怪小说集：搜神记
11. 第一部语录体著作：论语
12. 第一部编年体史书是：春秋
13. 第一部断代史：汉书
14. 第一部兵书：孙子兵法
15. 文章西汉两司马：司马迁．司马相如
16. 乐府双璧：木兰词 孔雀东南飞，加上《秦妇吟》为乐府三绝
17. 史学双璧：史记 资治通鉴
18. 二拍： 初刻拍案惊奇 二刻拍案惊奇 （凌蒙初）。

2014年视频课程+近三年真题+笔记+最后押题三套卷+公共课阅卷人一对一指导=2500元 7月1日前报名，8折优惠！8月1日前9折优惠！育明教育，7年专注考研辅导，北大、北外、中财、北外教授领衔辅导！2014年北京外国语大学翻译硕士百科知识考研参考书《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，光明日报出版社，2013年7月版翻译硕士MTI词汇03——社会发展词汇211工程211 Project安居工程housing project for low-income families安居小区 a neighborhood for low-income families保障妇女就业权利to guarantee women’s right to employment补发拖欠的离退休人员统筹项目内的养老金All back pension entitlements have been paid for the retired covered by the overall government plan.裁定保险赔偿adjudication of benefits城镇居民最低生活保障guarantee of subsistence allowances for urban residents在城镇强制推行以养老、失业、医疗为重点的社会保险Social welfare insurance, particularly old-age, unemployment and medical insurance, must be made mandatory in urban areas.城镇社会保障体系the social security system in urban areas城镇职工基本医疗保险制度the basic medical insurance system for urban employees创新精神be innovation-minded; to have a creative mind促进学生德、智、体、美全面发展ensure that students improve in terms of their moral, intellectual and fitness level as well as in their appreciation of aesthetics大家庭extended family大力推行个人助学信贷Personal loans to finance education should be vigorously promoted.大专文凭associate degree (conferred to junior college students)代培training-on-contract program代培生trainee on contract带薪分流assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits待业人员job seekers待遇优厚的工作 a well-paid job单亲家庭single parent family定向培训training for specific posts独生子女the only child对保障方案进行精算评估Security programs should undergo actuarial review.对口扶贫provide poverty alleviation aid to the designated sister regions恶性犯罪major crimes反对迷信be against superstition福利分房buy a benefit-oriented apartment from the organization one works with复式住宅compound apartment干部年轻化rejuvenation of cadres岗位培训on-job training高度重视精神文明建设pay close attention to cultural and ethical progress搞好优生优育promote good prenatal and postnatal care个人自愿计划voluntary private plans工伤保险制度the on-job injury insurance system工资收入分配制度the wage and income distribution system关系国计民生的大事matters vital to national well-being and the people’s livelihood关心和支持残疾人事业Programs to help the physically and mentally challenged deserve our care and support. 关心老龄人care for senior citizens.贵族学校exclusive school（美）; select school（英）国企下岗职工基本生活保障guarantee of basic cost of living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises过紧日子tighten one’s belt过温饱生活live a life at a subsistent level合理调整就业结构to rationally readjust the employment structure后勤服务社会化make logistic services independent in their operation积极发展民办教育Efforts should be made to develop schools not operated by government education departments.基本养老金basic pensions计划生育责任制responsibility system of family planning继续开展“扫黄打非”斗争The fight against pornography, illegal publications and piracy shall be continued.加快住房分配货币化进程capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation加强计划生育工作further improve family planning加强舆论监督ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion家庭美德family virtues坚持“两手抓、两手都要硬”的方针adhere to the principle of “doing two jobs at once and attaching equal importance to each”坚持正确的舆论导向maintain the correct orientation for public opinion建立集体合同制度to establish a group contract system建立市场导向的就业机制to establish a market-oriented employment mechanism建立新型的劳动关系to establish a new type of labor relations建设廉洁、勤政、务实、高效政府build a clean and diligent, pragmatic and efficient government建设一个富强、民主、文明的国家build a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced country教育程度educational status; education received教育程度比率educational attainment ratio戒毒所drug rehabilitation center精算界actuarial profession精算师actuaries扩大就业和再就业to expand employment and reemployment劳动保障监察制度the labor security supervision system劳动标准体系labor standard system劳动争议处理体制the system of handling labor disputes面临困境face adverse conditions努力稳定低生育水平work to stabilize the low birth rate培养创新精神和实践能力help them develop practical abilities and a spirit of innovation破案率rate of solved criminal cases强制性普及方案universally compulsory program切实减轻中小学生过重的课业负担effectively reduce too heavy homework assignments for primary and secondary school students确保国有企业下岗职工基本生活费和离退休人员基本养老金按时足额发放to ensure that subsistence allowances for laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises and basic pensions for retirees are paid on time and in full人口出生率birth rate人口老龄化aging of population人口增长的高峰期baby boom人口增长与社会经济发展相协调try to keep population growth in line with social and economic development 人民生活水平quality of life; the living standards认真贯彻实施中国妇女、儿童发展纲要The programs for the development of work concerning women and children should be earnestly implemented.弱势群体disadvantaged groups扫除青壮年文盲eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people伤残保险disability insurance社会保障social security社会保障“三条保障线”制度social security system of “three guarantees”社会福利制度the social welfare system社会公德social morality社会互助制度the social mutual help system社会治安状况好转see an improved law-and-order situation生活待遇material amenities生活费收入income available for cost of living生活费用cost of living; income maintenance; subsistence cost生育保险制度the childbirth insurance system失学儿童dropouts失业保险guarantee of unemployment insurance benefits失业保险unemployment insurance失业保险制度the unemployment insurance system失业率rate of unemployment实施积极促进就业的政策to implement the policy of vigorously increasing employment实现基本普及九年义务教育The goal in the effort to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal has been attained.实现小康目标attain the goal of ensuring our people a relatively comfortable life实行弹性大、灵活性强、多样化的就业形式to adopt elastic, flexible, diversified forms of employment实行计划生育、控制人口数量、提高人口素质promote family planning and control the population size and improve the health of the people实行劳动合同制度to institute a labor contract system树立正确的价值观、世界观、人生观help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life思想道德建设（思想政治工作）moral education among people提高部分优抚对象抚恤标准Allowances for certain disabled service men and women and family members of revolutionary martyrs and service men and women have been increased.提高劳动者素质to enhance workers’quality统筹兼顾城乡就业to make overall plans for urban and rural system推动就业服务向社区延伸，形成多层次的就业服务网络to encourage the formation of community-run agencies as a part of the multi-level employment service network推进素质教育push ahead with education for all-around development推行职业资格证书制度to introduce a vocational qualification credentials system退休基金pension fund脱贫lift off poverty; cast off poverty完善和落实再就业优惠政策to improve and implement preferential reemployment完善失业保险制度to improve the unemployment insurance system文明城市model city; culturally advanced city; city cited for high moral and cultural standards物业管理estate management, property management消费价格总水平the general price level小家庭nuclear family小康生活enjoy a fairly comfortable life; be moderately better off新生儿死亡率infant mortality rate; neonatal mortality rate行行出状元Every profession produces its own leading authority.研究生毕业证/学位证graduate diploma/graduate degree's diploma养老保险retirement insurance养老保险制度the old-age insurance system医疗保险medical insurance医疗保险制度the medical insurance system应试教育examination-oriented education system优抚安置制度the special care and placement system优化就业结构to optimize employment structure有公德心be civic-minded舆论导向direction of public opinion舆论监督supervision by public opinion预期寿命life expectancy灾害救助制度the natural disaster relief system在职博士生on-job doctorate招生就业指导enrolment and vocation guidance争取实现高等教育大众化work to make regular higher education accessible to the majority of young people政府主导计划government-sponsored programs职业道德ethics of profession中华人民共和国劳动法the Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China中专生secondary specialized or technical school student重视发展具有比较优势和市场潜力的劳动密集型企业to stress the development of labor-intensive enterprises with comparative advantages and market potential抓好农村和流动人口计划生育管理与服务devote efforts to the management of family planning and related services in rural areas and among the floating population自然增长率natural growth rate自学成才self-taught and self-made person; become a qualified professional through self-taught way最低生活保障制度the minimum living standard security system。

翻译硕士高校排名第一批:1.北大招生30名，其中推免202.北外英语笔译60名(学制两年)(好像除了翻译基础和汉语百科，会考俄日法德其中一门二外)3.南开英语口笔译非在职和在职生各招收30名4.复旦英语笔译30名5.同济英语笔译德语笔译未列招生人数6.上海交大英语笔译未列招生人数7.上外英语笔译35人(下设法律翻译，公/商务笔译，专业编译三个方向)英语口译15人(下设会议口译方向，公/商务口译方向和陪同口译方向)法语口译5人8.南大英语笔译35人9.厦大英语口笔译各15人10.中南大学英语口笔译未列招生人数11.湖南师范英语口笔译未列招生人数12.中山英语笔译20人英语口译10人13.西南大学英语笔译未列招生人数14.广外英语笔译60人英语口译40人日语笔译20人日语口译10人法语口译10人其中英语翻译硕士复试参考书目991|翻译实务(笔译):1、《实用翻译教程(修订版)》，刘季春主编，中山大学出版社，2007年。

2、《英汉翻译基础教程》，冯庆华、穆雷主编，高等教育出版社，2008年。

3、《英语口译教程》，仲伟合主编，高等教育出版社，2007年。

4、《商务英语口译》(第二版)，赵军峰主编，高等教育出版社，2009年。

5、有关英语八级考试的书籍，以及英美政治、经济、文化等方面百科知识的书籍992|面试(含口译):1、《实用翻译教程(修订版)》，刘季春主编，中山大学出版社，2007年。

2、《英汉翻译基础教程》，冯庆华、穆雷主编，高等教育出版社，2008年。

3、《英语口译教程》，仲伟合主编，高等教育出版社，2007年。

4、《商务英语口译》(第二版)，赵军峰主编，高等教育出版社，2009年。

5、有关英语八级考试的书籍，以及英美政治、经济、文化等方面百科知识的书籍15.解放军外国语学院第二批1. 北京第二外国语学院英语笔译50人日语口译20人2. 首都师范大学英语笔译16人3. 福建师范大学英语口译20人英语笔译30人4. 北京航空航天大学英语笔译40人5. 河南大学英语笔译未列招生人数6. 黑龙江大学英语口笔译20人俄语笔译28人俄语口译23人7. 南京师范大学英语口译10人英语笔译20人8. 苏州大学英语口笔译未列招生人数9. 华东师范大学英语翻译硕士30人(不知是否区分了口笔译)10.中国海洋大学英语笔译35人11.湖南大学英语口笔译共35人12.北京语言大学英语笔译10人法语口译10人13.对外经贸大学英语口笔译招生人数待定14.山东大学英语笔译20人英语口译10人(另，威海分校，英语笔译10人)15.东北师范大学英语口笔译未列招生人数16.武汉大学英语口笔译未列招生人数17.北京师范大学英语笔译考试参考书单(最新更新书单)：(1)庄绎传，《英汉翻译简明教程》。

育明教育官网 北大、人大、中财、北外 、中传教授创办 集训营、一对一保分、视频、小班 2014年视频课程+近三年真题+笔记+最后押题三套卷+公共课阅卷人一对一指导=2500元 7月1日前报名，8折优惠！8月1日前9折优惠！育明教育，7年专注考研辅导，北大、北外、中财、北外教授领衔辅导！2014年北京外国语大学翻译硕士百科知识考研参考书《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，光明日报出版社，2013年7月版地理历史（6）1、四大佛教名山：五台山（山西）、峨眉山（四川）、九华山（安徽）、普陀山（浙江）2、五岳：东岳泰山（山东）、西岳华山（陕西）、北岳恒山（山西）、南岳衡山（湖南）、中岳嵩山（河南）。

它们各具特色，向以泰山之雄、华山之险、恒山之幽、嵩山之峻、衡山之秀而闻名于世。

明代旅行家徐霞客就有“五岳归来不看山”的赞叹。

3、世界第一高峰——珠穆朗玛峰（西藏、海拔8848米）4、岩溶地貌在国际上通常称之为喀斯特地貌。

它是在特定的地理环境中，由可溶性岩石（如石灰岩）受到含有二氧化碳的水的溶解和冲刷作用形成的。

5、广西桂林到阳朔漓江两岸是世界上规模做大，风景优美的岩溶景区，向有“甲天下”之誉。

6、我国第一大江——长江：注入东海，全长6300公里7、长江三峡：瞿塘峡、巫峡和西陵峡。

8、我国第二大河——黄河：注入渤海，全长5464公里9、我国五大淡水湖： 潘阳湖（江西）、洞庭湖（湖南）、巢湖（安徽）、太湖（江苏）、洪泽湖（江苏）。

我国最大的咸水湖——青海湖。

我国海拔最高的湖泊——纳木错湖。

10、我国古代四大水利工程：都江堰（四川）、灵渠（广西）、京杭大运河（北京——杭州）、坎儿井（新疆）。

11、我国最著名的三大石窟：敦煌的莫高窟、洛阳的龙门石窟、大同的云岗石窟。

12、我国的三大古建筑群：北京故宫、承德避暑山庄、曲阜孔庙。

13、少数民族节日：那达慕大会（蒙古族）、泼水节（傣族）、三月街（白族）、火把节（白、彝、哈尼族等）、歌圩节（壮族）、请祖节（畲族）、芦笙节（苗族）、雪顿节（藏族）。

2014年视频课程+近三年真题+笔记+最后押题三套卷+公共课阅卷人一对一指导=2500元 7月1日前报名，8折优惠！8月1日前9折优惠！育明教育，7年专注考研辅导，北大、北外、中财、北外教授领衔辅导！2014年北京外国语大学翻译硕士百科知识考研参考书《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，光明日报出版社，2013年7月版Quality Brand Protection Committee(QBPC)优质品牌保护委员会quality monitoring质量监测quantify量化quantitative approach量化研究方法quantitative restrictions数量限制quasi-fiscal expenditures准财政支出quasi-market institutional environment准市场制度环境quasi-private banks准私有银行quorum（参加某会议而使该会议能有决定权的）最低委员、董事的人数quota and non-quota student配额项目留学生及非配额项目留学生quota subsidies配额补贴★quota-free productsquotas on textile exports纺织品出口配额★quoted company挂牌公司/上市公司radio and television universityradioactive environmental quality辐射环境质量raise competitiveness提高竞争力raise the revenue for the government增加政府的收入random sample随机样本★★★★rapid response forcerare or endangered speciesratchet effect制轮作用(长期消费倾向的稳定性对短期消费减少的抑制作用，指人的消费习惯形成之后有不可逆性，短期内易于向上调整，而难于向下调整)。

育明教育官网 北大、人大、中财、北外 、中传教授创办 集训营、一对一保分、视频、小班 2014年视频课程+近三年真题+笔记+最后押题三套卷+公共课阅卷人一对一指导=2500元 7月1日前报名，8折优惠！8月1日前9折优惠！育明教育，7年专注考研辅导，北大、北外、中财、北外教授领衔辅导！第二课 提取关键信息1（时政类新闻报道文章）一、导语在第一课的介绍中,我们已经知道,本教材把笔译过程分解为“提取关键信息——其他信息补充——从逻辑关系完善译文”三大步骤，其中“提取关键信息”和“其他信息补充”这两个步骤的学习在本册教材，“从逻辑关系完善译文”的训练在下一册教材中进行。

从本课开始,我们将用四课来学习如何提取关键信息并进行翻译。

这课,我们选用时事政治类文章为练习对象。

本课的学习目标是让学习者了解如何提取关键信息，并在翻译时如何按照若干步骤进行操作。

即学习怎样从原语文章中提取“关键信息”，并对其进行翻译处理。

虽然我们在本教材中把翻译工作分成三个大步骤有重点地来进行学习和训练，但是，具体到每篇译文处理时，全都采用了以下4个步骤进行操练，即：⑴分句提取信息⑵关键词语对译⑶按照语法成句⑷按照逻辑修改。

（一）新闻报道类文章的特点和教学目的新闻报道包括多种形式。

从体裁上大致可以分为通讯、评论、特写、公报等；从内容上分类又有时政、社会、经济、体育、文化、娱乐等诸多不同。

我们这里要解决的不是如何进行新闻写作的问题，教学目的也不是要把学生培养成新闻记者。

翻译教学目的是如何根据新闻报道类文章的特点，将其翻译成日语文本。

所以，我们选择较为常见的消息类文章为重点，练习新闻报道翻译时的特点与技巧。

翻译新闻报道类的文章，首先需要了解它的特点。

众所周知，新闻报道具有真实性、及时性和简明性的特点。

另外，在文字表达方面由于新闻报道面向的是整个社会和各个层次的受众，所以措辞要求通俗易懂，只在涉及专业领域时才出现若干术语，而且，句子要求简短清楚，避免使用过长的修饰语句或过于复杂的句式。