圆锥曲线小结summary of conic section

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圆锥曲线小结(Summary of Conic Section )
1. 圆Circle
标准方程:222
()()x h y k r -+-= 以(,)h k 为圆心,r 为半径.
一般方程:220x y Dx Ey F ++++=,表示圆的前提条件是2240D E F +->.
2. 椭圆Ellipse
An ellipse is the set of all points in the plane, the sum of
whose distances from two fixed points, called foci , is
constant .1212||||2,2||PF PF a a F F +=>,离心率c e =,0<e <1a
. 焦点位置由分母大小决定,在较大分母所对应的轴上.
3. 双曲线Hyperbola
A hyperbola is the set of all points in the plane in
which the difference of the distances from two
distinct fixed points, called foci, is constant .
1212||||2,02||
PF PF a a F F -=<< 离心率c e =, e >1a . 焦点位置由分母的正负决定,在正分母所对应
的轴上.
4. 抛物线Parabola
A parabola is defined as the set of all points in a plane that
are the same distance from a given point, called the focus ,
and a given line, called the directrix .
离心率1e =,焦点在一次项所对应的轴上.
The general form of the equation of a parabola is
2 =0y Dx Ey F +++, when the directrix is parallel to the
y-axis, or 20x Dx Ey F +++=, when the directrix is
parallel to the x-axis.
2
21,.
a =
2
21,.
a =
5.General Form
Exercise
1.Identify the conic section represented by each equation.
2.Identify the center, vertices, and foci of the ellipse with equation 22
92572
x y x
+-2505440
y
++=.Then graph the equation.
3.Identify the center, vertices, foci, and equations of the asymptotes of the graph of the
hyperbola with equation22
3242410
y y x x
+--+=. Then graph the equation.
4.Identify the vertex, focus, and equations of the axis of symmetry and directrix for the
parabola with equation 24250
y x y
-++=.Then graph the equation.
5.Write the equation of the ellipse that meets each set of conditions.
(1)The foci are at (2, 0) and()
2, 0
-, and a=7.
(2)The semi-major axis has length
()
1, 1
-and()
1,5
--.
Write the equation of the hyperbola that meets each set of conditions.
(1)The center is at (4, 2), 2,3
a b
==, and it has a vertical transverse axis.
(2)A vertex is at (4, 5), the center is at (4, 2), and an equation of one asymptote is
443
y x
+=.
Write the equation of the parabola that meets each set of conditions.
(1)The vertex is at()
5, 1
-, and the focus is at (2, 1).
(2)The parabola passes through the point at (5, 2), has a vertical axis, and has a
maximum at (4, 3).。