高考非谓语动词考点 附详解
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高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题十二:非谓语动词非谓语动词是高考必考点,《2017年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对非谓语动词列了三项:动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。
动词不定式一、动词不定式的形式二、动词不定式的用法动词不定式可以充当谓语之外的全部句子成分,动词不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的改变,但有时态和语态的改变。
1.作主语(1)动词不定式作主语,一般表示详细的某次动作,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:①To see is to believe.②To master English is of great importance.(2)不定式或不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,构成“It is + adj+for sb.+to do”结构,或It is +adj+for sth +to be done。
例如:①It is impossible for him to give up smoking.②It is not easy to find your way in the mountain.③It is difficult for the problem to be solved.④It is impossible for my question to be answered in his absence.2.作宾语(1)动词不定式作宾语时,常跟在某些及物动词后面,常见的有:agree,dare,decide,expect,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want, intend, fail, wish, choose等。
例如:①I mean to go there at once.②We must learn to tell friends from enemies.(2)不定式短语作宾语时,假如还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后,而用it 作形式宾语。
高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略专题02 非谓语动词动词不定式的功能、分词(现在分词、过去分词)的用法区别、动名词等的时态、语态的综合考查备考策略:1.牢记非谓语动词的三种形式:doing 现在分词表主动、进行;done 过去分词表被动、完成;to do 表目的、将来2.如果出现“谓语动词,句子” 或者“句子,谓语动词” 的结构,一般是非谓语动词做状语,你只需要判断括号里V词与主句主语之间的关系是主动还是被动,还是表目的。
3.“be+过去分词+介词”结构,如be absorbed/dressed/trapped/occupied in, be equipped/loaded/burdened with, be accustomed/devoted/committed/addicted to doing,做非谓语动词去掉be即可。
4.不定式作结果状语,多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。
5.不定式用于be+ adj+to do6.with的复合结构是常考点7. 做宾语补足语的情况常见动词have、hear、notice、find、see8.非谓语动词做定语的情况基本知识:非谓语动词的用法(一)填非谓语动词时要填不定式to do的情况:1. 主语:It is/was+adj./n.+for/of sb. to do sth. It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.2.宾语(1)有些动词只能用不定式作宾语:(2) find/think/believe/consider/make/feel+it+adj./n.+to do sth.3. 表语:不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作(aim, dream, plan, purpose等后)4. 定语:(1) 不定式作定语表示将来的动作;(2) 不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或only, next等修饰的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系;(3) 下列名词或代词,常用不定式作定语。
非谓语动词在高考中的考点及易错点一.非谓语题的解题总方法与思路:1.先看四个答案:如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况,那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。
2.看符号:中间有个逗号,末尾有个句号(有时中间没有逗号);3.看有没有连接词(引导词)。
如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话,一部分是句子时,那么另一部分就一定是非句子,而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。
4.定语态:如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与它是逻辑上的主谓关系,那么答案一般用Ving形式;如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与它是逻辑上的动宾关系(被动关系),那么答案一般用Ved形式。
5.定时态:如果非谓语的动作比谓语先(或先很久)发生,那么非谓语动词要用完成式(to have done/to have been done/ having done/ Having been done),否则我们要用非谓语的一般式(to do / to be done / doing / being done / done)。
Eg.1._________ for an hour by his teacher, the boy felt depressed.A. Being scoldedB. Having been scoldedC. To be scoldedD. Scolding 【1答案:B】二.非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点:一).使用非谓动词的语言结构。
1)在“句子, and/or/but +句子”的并列句结构中,可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句,四个答案表面上象非谓语,其实考查的是谓语。
2.______hard and you will succeed in the exam.3.______hard or you will fail in the exam.A. StudyB. To studyC. StudyingD. Studied 【2、3答案:AA】2)在“句子,非句子”结构中,非句子部分用非谓语:4. The teacher devoted his life to his career, ______ most of his students successful in study.A. makeB. to makeC. makingD. made 【4答案:C】3)在“非句子,句子”结构中,非句子部分用非谓语:5. _________with children, I know what is needed most.A. WorkingB. Having workedC. WorkedD. To work 【5答案:B】4) 在“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构中,宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词:6. With her baby _______ on her b ack, the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.A. sleepB. sleptC. to sleepD. sleeping 【6答案:D】7. With his hair _______ like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.A. cutB. to be cutC. cuttingD. to cut 【7答案:B】5)在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear…等使让动词或感观动词后面作宾语补足语时,也可能用非谓语动词。
专题05非谓语动词年份卷别动词不定式三年(16考)过去分词三年(10考)现在分词与动名词三年(15考)命题趋势2024新高考I卷to give closed engineering动词不定式:1.考查不定式的句法功能(做目的状语、定语、补语、主语和宾语)。
2.不定式的固定搭配和句型。
过去分词:1.考查过去分词形式句法功能(做状语、定语、补语)。
2.过去分词与现在分词辨析。
现在分词和动名词:1.考查动词-ing形式句法功能(做状语、定语、补语、主语和宾语)。
2.动词-ing的固定搭配和句型。
高考真题对非谓语的考查往往以较长句子出现,需要注重结构复杂化和情景化。
新高考II卷to find inspired recalling全国甲卷to catchshared→sharepacking→packed浙江卷1月to benefit designed2023新高考I卷to biteto be liftedrecognized wanting新高考II卷visiting全国甲卷to teach borrowing全国乙卷built recording;Havingvisited 北京卷to address facing浙江卷1月surrounded2022新高考I卷to increase Covering新高考II卷to see falling全国甲卷to talkto journeystaying(改错)planning全国乙卷to strengthen shared inviting;causing(改错)浙江卷1月to continue changing 北京卷supposed天津卷To keep allowing考点01动词不定式1.(2024年新高考I卷语法填空)These sepals open on warm days________(give)the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.【答案】to give【解析】考查非谓语动词。
高中英语:非谓语动词考点全总结!含义+用法+例题讲解,三合一教会你!非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下:1. 不定式①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)The teacher told us to do morning exercises. 老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时,她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
非谓语动词非〔一〕——不定式不定式、分 (在分,去分 )和名称非。
代英将在分和名合一大叫作 v + ing 形式。
些的形式不能在句中独作用,因而没有法主。
但可以有主。
由于没有法主,也就不受人称和数的限定,因不是,也就没有和,但些仍能表示作和状,所以仍有表示与其他相关系的形式。
由于与其它有上的主关系,因此也有表示主、被的形式,同也有自己的和状,一起构成非的短(不定式短,分短,名短 )。
不定式、去分及v-ing 形式在句中均不能作用,所以叫做非。
〔一〕不定式:不定式由“to+原形〞构成,如:to study, toplay,不定式然不能作用,但仍留着的特征,它可以有所需要的或状而构成不定式短,如: to study hard, to play table tennis。
1、不定式的形式化:不定式有以下和的形式化。
2、不定式的根本用法:不定式能起名、形容和副的作用,可在句中作主、表、足、定和状用,如:(1〕作主: To help each other is good〔.不定式作主,一般可用it 作形式主,而将作主的不定式置于句末,如: It is good to help each other.(2〕作表: My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 不定式在系 be 之后作表,与表示将来的 be + 不定式构有所区,如: Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants我’的children.划是民子弟再成立一所中学。
〔句中的is,不定式 to set up⋯表,主plan,但 plan 并不是不定式的主,即不定式toset up 所表示的作不是主plan 生的。
〕 We are to set up another middleschool for the peasants’我children将.民的子弟再成立一所中学。
高考英语非谓语动词知识点全集汇编附解析一、选择题1.In America, since everyone is staying at home from work and school, the streets are always flooded with walkers, Joggers and bike-riders _______fresh air.A.seeking B.sought C.seek D.to be sought 2.The next morning she found the man ___________ in bed, dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying3.By no means ________ when we try to create a global brand.A.the cultural factor is to neglectB.is the cultural factor to neglectC.the cultural factor is to be neglectedD.is the cultural factor to be neglected4._______a striking look with a sea of lavender flowers, Guli has become a famous attraction in Nanjing.A.Wearing B.To wearC.To be wearing D.Having won5.The man was so surprised at _______ that he did not try to escape or defend himself. A.discovered B.discovering C.to be discovered D.being discovered 6.The president promised to keep all the board members _____ of how the negotiations were going on.A.inform B.informingC.be informed D.informed7.It is easy ________ the consequences of unchecked plant disease: food shortage could kill millions of people and cause unrest in the world.A.imagine B.to be imagined C.imagining D.to imagine8.________ with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend hours going from one dress on another before selecting the dresses she wants to try on.A.Having faced B.Faced C.To face D.Facing9.The drinking age in Britain is eighteen, but fourteen-year-olds_________ may enter a pub if they order a meal.A.not to accompany B.not to be accompanied C.unaccompanied D.not accompanying10.As far as I’m concerned, this book deserves ______ several times.A.being read B.to read C.reading D.read11.Ladex does’t feel like abroad.Her parents are old.A.study B.studying C.studied D.to study12.--- What caused the party to be put off? --- ______ the invitations.A.Tom delayed sending B.Tom’s delaying sendingC.Tom delaying to send D.Tom delayed to send13.His study was a mess with lots of books and magazines __________up everywhere.A.to pile B.having piledC.piled D.to be piled14._______ on QQ,some people often use “88” for “good-bye”.A.When chat B.When chatting C.When chatted D.When to chat 15._______as a great discoverer, he has made a good number of experiments on the mice. A.To honor B.To be honored C.Honoring D.Having honored 16.With Public English Tests _______,all the candidates have been making preparations. A.approached B.to be approached C.approaching D.having approached 17.Helen had to shout ________ above the sound of the music.A.making herself hear B.to make herself hearC.making herself heard D.to make herself heard18.The president is committed to _______ the existing system of medical care.A.reform B.reforming C.have reformed D.having reformed 19.I assisted him to check all the story books ____ to the Hongshan Primary School next week. A.sent B.sending C.to be sent D.being sent 20.The floods, which happened last month, swept the whole village, __________ countless people homeless.A.to make B.making C.made D.have made21.I found it no use _______ to persuade him to give up smoking.A.Try B.to try C.trying D.having tried 22.It remains________whether herd immunity that most of the Europeans countries have taken in response to the epidemic works.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.being seen 23.Wanting t he question _____ once more, the little boy went to the teacher’s office after class. A.explained B.being explainedC.be explained D.to explain24.Body language is fascinating for anyone ________.A.study B.to study C.to be studied D.being studied 25.—Where does your little daughter want to go during her holiday ?—She is always looking forward to _____ to the Wu Yi Mountain.A.take B.taking C.being taken D.be taken【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.A解析:A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的概念非谓语形式有三种: 1.动词不定式:to do表示目的和将来2、动词的ing(动名词) : doing表示主动和进行 3.动词的过去分词:done表示被动和完成二、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have been doneing 形式主动doing having done被动being done having been done过去分词被动done三、非谓语动词的做题步骤:1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。
2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。
一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语:1). 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如:________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk2). 不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well. It’s kind of you to help us.注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:It’s no good / use doing sth. There is no point(in)doing sth2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较:1)、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。
胆置黑词考,牖讲含蜜g)讲义非谓语动词是高考语法填空和短文改错必考热点语法工程之一。
现结合典型考题对非谓语动词的考点进行梳理和总结,帮助大家明确考点,找出解题规律和方法。
一、考查非谓语动词作主语能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。
两者的区别是:表示某一具体的动作时、多用不定式;表示比拟抽象的一般的行为倾向时,多用动名词。
当动名词或不定式短语较长时,常用it作形式主语放在句首而把动名词或不定式短语放于句末。
(典例】(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.解析:Ignoring。
分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是will be,因此前面局部是主语,应该使用动名词短语作主语。
二、考查非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。
有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,如want, wish, hope, manage, demand, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect等。
有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,如admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest, deny, stand 等。
有些动词或动词短语后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟动名词作宾语,如forget, remember, regret, mean, try, go on等,但意义上有区别。
[典例1 ] I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.解析:wear改为wearing”介词by后应接动名词作宾语。
非谓语动词定义非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。
在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。
非谓语动词也是动词的一种,他们有着动词的其他特点,可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。
非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。
形式功能动词不定式不定式的全称是“动词不定式”,是一种非限定动词,由不定式符号to+动词原形构成。
不定式具有动词的特征,同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。
动词不定式是一种非限定性动词,由to+动词原形构成,但它还是属于动词,所以它本身可以带宾语和状语。
动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语,还可用在复合结构中,而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式。
动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
否定式:not + (to) do以do为例,动词不定式的构成如下:(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后.例如:I'm nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。
He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多。
We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观。
He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家。
The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术。
The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作。
(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。
非谓语动词高考考点全解非谓语动词是高考中的重要考点,仅在单项填空题中,少则一道,多则三四道,因此,们在高考备考中必须给予高度重视。
那么,在高考中究竟考非谓语动词的哪些方面,怎么考?归纳起不外乎以下几个方面。
一、考查非谓语动词的时态和语态不定式、现在分词或动名词的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,就用完成式,否则,用一般式。
当不定式、现在分词或动名词与其逻辑主语若是主动关系,就用主动式,否则,用被动式。
如:(1) All these gifts must be mailed immediately____________in time for Christmas.A. in order to have receivedB. in order to receiveC. so as to be receivedD.so as to be receiving答案是C。
因为句子主语All these gifts与不定式receive 是被动关系,只有选项C是被动式。
(2)He glanced over at her , ___________that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.A. notingB. notedC. to noteD. having noted分析因为he 与note 是主谓关系,note并非发生在谓语动词glanced之前,用现在分词的一般式作状语,故选A。
(3)__________ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC.Having been separatedD. To be separated分析答案是C。
高考英语非谓语动词试题( 有答案和分析 ) 含分析一、单项选择非谓语动词1.Today there are more airplanes____ more people than ever before in the skies.A. carry B.carryingC. carried D. to be carrying【答案】B【分析】试题剖析:观察此刻分词作定语。
句意:此刻比从前有有更多的飞机运送乘客。
此处airplane 和 carrying 之间是主动关系,故用此刻分词作定语。
应选B。
考点:观察此刻分词作定语【名师点睛】非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判断能否用非谓语形式。
方法:看看句子中能否已有了谓语动词了;2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动仍是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法:剖析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作从前、以后仍是同时。
从前常用done;以后常用to do;同经常用doing. 从本题来看主句的主语airplanes与动词carry组成逻辑上的主动关系,所以用v.-ing 形式作定语。
2.______ to as much English as possible is a good way to learn English well.A. Exposed B. Being exposed C. Having exposed D. To expose 【答案】 B【分析】试题剖析:句意:尽可能多的接触英语是学好英语的很好的方法。
这里主语,应当用动名词,并且be exposed to 暴“露于,接触”,所以选考点:观察动名词做主语B。
is 是谓语,前方是3.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______,he gladly accepted it. A. finished B.finishingC. having finished D. was finished【答案】 A【分析】试题剖析:句意John 接到一张宴会的邀请,他的工作已经达成,他快乐地接受了。
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解8---非谓语动词(解析版)高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解专题八非谓语动词2.寻找逻辑主语寻找逻辑主语,,确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系非谓语动词虽然不能作谓语,但仍具有动词的特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就是逻辑主语。
分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语(逻辑上的动作执行者)之间是主动关系还是被动关系(也就是看其逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是承受者)。
如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系,则用现在分词形式。
如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,则用过去分词形式。
但是当含有被动意义时,如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生,则用动词不定式的被动式;如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行,则用现在分词形式的被动式。
[例2] The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras (return) to our shop for quality problems. [分析]returned句意:生产厂商定期来收集因质量问题而被退回到我们商店的相机。
句中已有谓语动词comes,因此设空处应为非谓语动词形式;且动词return与其逻辑主语the cameras之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语,故填returned。
3.分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序非谓语动词所发生的时间是一个相对时间,即相对应谓语动词的动作发生的时间而言。
非谓语动词的形式不同,所指时间的含义也不同。
根据非谓语动词与谓语动词的动作发生的先后顺序确定用一般式还是完成式。
如to have done, having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前;to be doing, doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
[例3] (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.[分析]Having worked考生容易误认为在句首设题,应填to work 表示目的。
高考英语非谓语动词用法详解一、考点分析非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点。
语法填空(常考:分词作宾补、定语、状语)翻译中也会有考点涉及。
不仅如此,掌握非谓语动词的基本用法,对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。
二、专题详解(一)做主语1.动名词作主语的用法:1)动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。
2)动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
3)动名词作主语时,对于一些比较长的动名词短语,一般采用it 做形式主语,v-ing做真正主语注:it 做形式主语,v-ing做真正主语的常用句型是:It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It’s a waste of time arguing about it.辩论这事是浪费时间There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no littering about. 不许乱扔杂物。
2.不定式作主语的用法:不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。
如:It's no use crying over spilt milk.【抽象动作】He realized that to go on like this was wrong. 【具体动作】★★不定式和动名词均能作主语,二者有何区别?1.表示某一具体的动作时,多用不定式;表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的,多用动名词。
2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首;不定式作主语时常置于句末,用it作形式主语放在句首。
1) Smoking is prohibited here. [抽象]2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. [具体]Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。
高考英语真题和模拟题中非谓语动词考点1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】30.__________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.A. To enjoyB. EnjoyingC. To have enjoyedD. Enjoy【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。
此处是不定式作目的状语。
句意:为了享受数字支付的方便,很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。
故选A。
2.. 【2019·天津卷·单项填空】4.____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.A. LearnB. LearnedC. LearningD. Having learned【答案】C【解析】考查动名词。
句意:学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。
句子缺少主语成分,而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。
此处用动名词做主语,故选C。
3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】32.China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________ its role in international affairs.A. recognizingB. being recognizedC. to be recognizedD. recognized【答案】A【解析】考查with复合结构。
句意:中国的形象正在稳步提升,更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。
“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系,用with + 名词+ 现在分词结构,故选A。
4.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed【答案】to perform【解析】考查非谓语动词。
主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,句意:跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的,故此处用to perform。
5.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】congregating(聚集) around human settlements,…【答案】noting【解析】考查非谓语动词。
根据其前介词by可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填noting。
6..【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.【答案】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly,saysayingthat I had a talent for football.【解析】考查现在分词。
本句句意:操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼,说我有足球天赋。
句中谓语动词为cheered,say在这里作伴随状语。
与主语players是主动关系,故将say改为saying。
7.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Yearoldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.【答案】being【解析】考查非谓语动词。
根据其前介词for可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填being。
8.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene___declared__(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.【答案】to retire【解析】考查不定式作定语。
此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”,故填to retire。
9.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed,we thought it was ___a__ joke.【答案】saying【解析】考查非谓语动词。
根据其后所接的宾语从句可知,此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语,解释名词call的内容,call与say是主动关系,故填saying。
10.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house,it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help【答案】to retire【解析】考查不定式。
句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子,wondering后的句子不缺谓语,此处应填非谓语动词,故填to get。
11.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay,we _were invited__(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.【答案】listening【解析】考查现在分词。
本句谓语动词为“were invited”,所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。
听音乐这个动作是由we发出的,所以选用现在分词形式。
也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题,and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式,故空格处填listening。
12.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】…【答案】cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看到它们。
or连接两个并列成分,根据or前的walking可知,此处要用cycling。
故填cycling。
13.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】【答案】to wear【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服。
want to do sth想要做某事,这里是动词不定式作to的宾语。
故填to wear。
14.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】(face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.【答案】facing【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。
分析句式可知,此处是做句子的状语,要用非谓语动词,其逻辑主语是I,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用现在分词作状语。
故填facing。
15 .【江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测】The man ________ the fake news that 18 firefighters lost their lives in the explosion was arrested.A. having circulatingB. to circulateC. circulatingD. to have circulated【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:传播18名火警在爆炸中丧生了的这条假消息的人被逮捕了。
传播假消息与the man 是主动关系,所以用现在分词作定语,故选C。
【点睛】区分非谓语动词时,主要是要区分谓语动词与非谓语动词动作发生的先后顺序。
如果同时发生或者非谓语动作从过去持续到谓语动作那个时间,一般使用现在分词形式;如果非谓语动作发生在位于动作之后,使用不定式如果非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前,使用过去分词。
本题考查的就是非谓语动作从过去持续到谓语动作那个时间的情形。
16. 【天津市南开中学2019届高三年级模拟考试】______me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.A. CallingB. CallC. To callD. Having called【答案】B【解析】考查动词的正确形式。
句意:明天给我打电话,我会告诉你实验的结果。
此句是祈使句,故用动词原形。
选B。
17.【江苏省南京市2019 届高三年级三模考试】With the number of homecoming overseas students up in recent years, the attraction of foreign degree holders has gradually faded.A. shotB. being shotC. shootingD. to shoot【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。
句意:近年来,由于归国留学生人数的激增,外国学位持有者的吸引力逐渐减弱。
本句为with的复合结构,shoot与overseas students构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作原因状语,故选C。
18.. 【2019年天津市十二所重点中学高三毕业班联考】The little boy stared at the strange man questioningly, not__________ whether to believe what he had said.A. to knowB. knowingC. knownD. having known【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:小男孩疑惑地盯着这个陌生人,不知道自己是否该相信他说的话。
little boy 与know之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,用现在分词作伴随状语,故B项正确。