商务英语阅读第二版chapter-5-Japan-Goes-from-Dynamic-to-Disheartened-课文翻译-王关富

一、英译汉Chapter1sluggish economy 萧条的经济full employment 充分就业trade deficit 贸易赤字in-depth analysis 深入的分析industrialized countries 工业化国家free-trade agreement 自由贸易协定international specialization 国际专业化product differentiation 产品差别trade surplus 贸易盈余determinative factor 决定性因素Chapter2consumer-goods 消费品discount retailers 折扣零售商brand equity 品牌资产价值advertising budget 广告预算real-time sales data 实时销售数据sales promotion 促销profit margin 盈利scanner data 扫描数据Chapter3privileged minority 享有特权的少数人gas station 加油站marketing research 市场调查professional competence 专业技能a sales point 卖点product design 产品设计potential consumer 潜在顾客business disaster 商业灾难Chapter4mobility of people 人口流动supplier networks 供应商网络standardized items 标准零配件specialist manufacturing technology 特殊制造技术complementary economies 互补经济体anti-Japanese sentiment 反日情绪foreign affiliates 外方合伙人，外国附属公司go public 上市Chapter5publicly traded companies 上市公司keep a weather eye on... 对……随时留意/小心提防accounting firms 会计师事务所international subsidiaries 国外子公司cost efficient经济划算的take a wait-and-see approach持观望态度reconciliation reports (财务）调整报告performance measures业绩评定指标/方法Chapter6explicit inflation target 明确公开的通货膨胀指标/目标volatile prices 波动的价格monetary policymaking 制定货币政策consumer expenditure 消费支出credit crunch 信贷资金骤减variable mortgage rates 浮动按揭紙押贷款利率surging and plunging asset prices 大起大落的资产价格do more harm than good 得不偿失/弊大于利Chapter7Competitive edge 竞争优势Breach of contract 违反合同Convertibility of profit 收益的可兑换性Financial instruments 金融工具Currency conversions 货币转换Financial hedges 金融避险Cost-benefit analysis 成本效益分析Record-high 破纪录的高点A vested interest 既得利益In its infancy 初期阶段Chapter8the company’s vision of the future 公司未来愿景cost reduction 削减成本leverage resources 利用资源 a portfolio of businesses 投资多样化untapped niches 尚未被竞争者发现的市场机会convenience stores 便利店market segments 细分市场premium brand 高端品啤Chapter9Public awareness 公众认识Regulatory changes 政策变动International assignment 海外任务Global recruitment 全球招聘Economic downturn 经济萧条Advisory service 咨询服务Reward scheme 奖励机制T alent management 英才管理Chapter10Adaptive ability 适应能力Biometric technology 生物技术Non-stop flight 直达航班Cost and revenue projections 成本和利润计算Customer feedback 客户反馈Front-line workers 一线工作人员Substantial salary cuts 大幅度减薪Job rotation 岗位轮换Chapter11by virtue of 由于crush to bits 溃不成军dole out 少量的发放grapple with 尽力克服in the heyday 在鼎盛时期most of all 尤其是take pains to 尽力设法，煞费苦心to the tune of 共计，达……之多scare the wits out of极度惊吓，吓得魂不附体serve up 提供Chapter12Case in point 有针对性的例证Competitive edge 竞争优势Flat-footed 笨手笨脚的Fuel economy 燃油经济性，节油Market capitalization 总市值Polish the image 粉饰形象Profit-obsessed 关注利润的Renewable resources 可再生资源Strike a balance 达到平衡，取得平衡Utility company 公共事业公司二、汉译英Chapter1经济双赢economic win-win 关税壁垒tariff barrier收入不平等wage inequality 劳动生产率labor productivity解雇工人lay off works 生产要素factor of production双边协议bilateral deal 回归分析regression analysis市场准入market access 世界经济复苏world economic recovery Chapter2价格溢价price premium 基线销售base-line sales减价price reductions 广告支出advertising spending营销组合marketing mix 销量溢价quantity premium产品数量（种类）product-line variety 美元分配allocation of dollarsChapter3日常生活daily life 广告活动advertising campaigns物理特征physical characteristic 视觉想象visual imagination国内媒体national media 销售增长sales increase销售渠道distribution system 产品到导向型的广告product-orientated advertising Chapter4企业并购mergers and acquisition 海外扩张overseas expansion全球化战略globalization strategy 保护主义措施protectionist measures市场准入access of market 知识产权intellectual property right贸易伙伴trading partners 资本投入capital investmentChapter5通用/公认会计准则generally accepted accounting principles收益确认revenue recognition损益表/收益表income statement每股收益earnings per share常务/执行董事managing director信用评级机构credit-rating agencies财务管理人员/主管finance chiefs/ executives机构投资者/投资机构institutional investors Chapter6◊楼市暴跌housing crush/ collapse◊维持价格稳定maintain price stability◊核心通货嘭胀率core inflation rate◊消费者物价指数consumer price index (CPI) ◊资产负债表balance sheet◊预除负面影响forestall the adverse effects ◊政策框架policy framework◊市场预期market expectations Chapter7新兴市场emerging markets金融危机financial meltdown民间暴乱civil disturbance股票价格share prices风险溢价risk premium政治周旋political spin平衡竞争环境level the play field利害关系have a stake in数据采集data-mining博弈论game theoryChapter8实施战略execute strategy竞争优势competitive advantage实证研究empirical studies核心品牌core brand分销系统distribution system控股公司a holding company文化冲突culture clashes股东财富shareholders wealth Chapter9员工离职staff turnover涨薪pay rises安然丑闻the Enron scandal甄别程序selection praedure新员工raw recruits职业阶梯career ladder董事会主席board director公司结构organizational structure Chapter10连续创新者 a serial innovator行业危机industry crises商务舱business class高级管理层senior management产品开发product development同伴压力peer pressure地勤部门ground services department 恐怖袭击terrorist attackChapter11从无到有，白手起家from scratch点击欺诈click fraud利基市场，细分市场niche market迫切需要cry out for如大家所说by all accounts消灭，彻底摧毁wipe out蓄意侵犯willfully infringe on严格控制，严加管束rein in赚钱pull in最大的一份lion’s shareChapter12操纵价格price manipulation/manipulation of price 成形，初具规模take shape粗制滥造churn out客户忠诚度customer loyalty全力应付，努力克服wrestle with全球水资源匮乏global water scarcity替代能源alternative resources温室气体排放greenhouse gas emission新兴市场emerging market致力于commit oneself to。

商务英语阅读2翻译和商务英语听说下册听⼒原⽂1. Globalization is the actual movement or potential to move across borders of nations in areas of trade, investment, technology, finance and labor.全球化在贸易、投资、科技、⾦融和劳务这些领域是⼀个潜在正在发⽣的跨越国界的趋势。

2. Globalization has resulted in increasing financial flows and trade between countries, as each country tries to establish itself into the global economy.因为每⼀个国家都尝试纳⼊到全球化经济体系中去，全球化导致了各个国家资⾦流动，贸易的不断增加。

3. The WTO is the main multilateral trading agreement, which provides a forum for countries to promote free trade and resolve trade disputes.世界贸易组织是⼀个主要的多边贸易协定，它为各国提供了⼀个讨论的场所旨在促进⾃由贸易，解决贸易争端的论坛。

4. OPEC used its control to artificially raise the oil prices in its member countries in 1973.在1973年，⽯油输出国组织⼈为的通过成员国抬⾼了油价。

5. The country’s economy has emerged from recession for the reason that the government adopted some flexible policies.因为政府采取了⼀些灵活得政策，所以这个国家从经济萧条中⾛出来了。

Unit 5Japan Goes From Dynamic to DisheartenedExercises1. Answer the questions on the text:1)What were the two major factors comprising Japan’s economic bubble in the1980’s?# speculative stock# property bubbles2)What were the methods Japanese government adopted to stimulate itseconomy, but turned out to be a failure?# budget deficits# flood of easy money3)What does “economic Godzilla” mean in the text?It means economic giant with enormous power. It is so quoted because it is a Japan cultural icon.4)What are the reasons that the U.S. would not follow Japan’s suit, accordingto some economists?# the greater responsiveness of the American political system# Americans’ greater tolerance for capitalism’s creative destruction5)What are the specified steps in the “deflationary trap”?Demand decreases→supply decreases→unemployment/reluctance in investing→less spending→less demand.6)What are the factors contributing to Japan’s even dimmer future?# the wo rld’s largest government debt (around 200% of GDP)# a shrinking population# rising rates of poverty and suicide7)Why do people today refer to the Japanese youth as “herbivore s”?Because: under the background of long-term economic stagnation, younger generation of Japan become pessimistic and fatalistic, and they lack ambitions that their parents once valued and become mildly tempered and behaved in both career and sex.8)What do you think of Japan’s real estate industry?During the period of deflation, property keeps losing its value, and people then refuse to buy new houses and house-owners are burdened with large sums of loan.They have to come up with different ways to cut expenses, which sabotages people’s expectations towards a better future.9)Why is Mr. Kaiami expecting inflation to come back again?Because the Japanese economy has been depressed and sluggish for so long. If inflation comes back he expects to see vibrancy of the Japanese economy again. 10)According to the article, how would you explain “destructive destruction”?On the contrary to creative destruction, which describes the chaotic changes that occur when a new product (i.e., technology) or service is introduced into the market, and entrepreneurs can make great profit by innovation, destructive destruction here means people’s pessimistic expectation renders them making their living by cutting expenses and selling current property rather than risking creating new fortune.2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below:1)I have discovered that paying down your loan can result in being cash poor whena need or emergency arises.2)The road to recovery is a long one, so the politicians must wake up to therecession, accept it and get us where we need to go.3)All signs point to Apple’s iPad sales as the recovery of tablet PCs and futurespending boom.4)During this urgent period, journalists were told to hold back on some stories incase they might do damage to the delicate administration.5)According to some analysts, BP Plc's oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico will drivedown rental prices for deep- sea drilling vessels by about 20 percent.6)Consolidation is likely to increase since no one player controls more than 10percent of the market, there’s a golden opportunity for big fish to gobble up smaller businesses.7)According to a survey, teachers and lawyers are put in the most overtime, theytoil for ten hours a week unpaid.8)They also added that they would not surrender the future of their children to afew people who are bent on enslaving them for life.9)China's top legislature is to deliberate about the draft amendment to the personalincome tax law, a major move that is meant to narrow the widening gap between the country's rich and poor.10)We must bridge the gap between the supply and demand of power if we are toachieve higher rates of economic growth on a sustainable basis in the next decade.3. Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:A B1) budget deficit a) A procedure which, in certain jurisdictions,allows an individual to declare bankruptcy. 10 2) stagnation b) The highest-ranking corporate administratorin charge of total management of anorganization. 93) price war c) The amount by which a government,company, or individual's spending exceeds itsincome over a particular period of time. 14) speculative stock d) A procedure with rapid increases invaluations of real estate until they reachunsustainable levels relative to incomes andother economic elements, followed by areduction in price levels. 85) deflation e) Commerce money that can be borrowed ata low interest rate. 76) gross domestic product f) A period of time in which an economyexperiences difficulties and achieves little orno growth. 27) easy money g) Market situation in which (usually two)Powerful competitors try to usurp eachother's market share by progressivelyreducing prices until one of them retreats, atleast temporarily. 38) property bubble h) The monetary value of all the finishedgoods and services produced within acountry's borders in a specific time period. 6 9) chief executive officer i) A general decline in prices, often caused by areduction in the supply of money or credit. 5 10) personal bankruptcy j) a stock with high risk relative to any potentialpositive returns. 44.Translate the following into Chinese:自2008年经济震荡以来酋长国城市迪拜遭受了媒体的负面宣传。

王关富《商务英语阅读（第二版）》参考答案Unit 1Why China WorksExercises1. Answer the questions on the text:1) How does the author view the Chinese economy?It is the most important bright spot in the world economy under the global recession, the only major economy that is likely to show significant growth this year, and the only one that routinely breaks every rule in the economic textbook. 2) According to the author, why can the Chinese economy perform so well?Because of:(1) the capacity for state control by the Chinese government.(2) its rejection of exotic financial innovations that are the melting core of the global credit crisis.(3) the integration of its economic policies between traditional market tools and state control measures.3) In what way does the author imply that western economists are erroneous in their bias toward “China’s market economic system”?The United States and Europe are moving toward state control by nationalizing their banking and car industries, and imposing heavy new regulation on the financial industry.4) What is the view of Stephen Roach on the Chinese economy system?Investment is the backbone of sustainable growth in the Chinese economy, which works more effectively than other market based systems in times of economic stress.5) Why can China work in the eye of the author?It has followed a radical pragmatism focusing on a slow but steady shift toward freer markets.6) What is regarded as the strategic thinking of the Chinese leaders in market reforms?They understand even under the serious financial crisis that it can stabilize the Chinese market and economy to introduce more sophisticated forms of securitization, including stock index funds, corporate bonds and other debt products. They also realize that, in the course of doing this, they should learn from the mistakes the westerners have made.7) What is the example given to illustrate the steadiness of the Chinese leaders in their policy execution?They continue to allow the value of yuan to rise despite of the American charges and the need for export competitiveness by their own enterprises.8) What is “shock therapy”?It is the economic policy adopted in Russia from 1991 to 1992 that totally deregulated prices and lead to a runaway inflation. It proved to be all shock and no therapy.9) In what ways does the Chinese economic system work efficiently?It can get things done quickly, move in a coherent manner, and marshal its people and resources to a common target: economic growth and prosperity.11) What are the Internet and public opinion used for?For putting pressure on local officials and influencing policy decisions.2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.1)At a time when the need is growing for mental health services, many countries are unfortunately cutting back on itsspending.2)There is an increasing number of people out of work. But the western media often unfairly label them as lazy andreliable.3)Now that the flow of oil has been stopped by BP, the impact of all the spilled oil and natural gas is still beingmeasured.4)Once again its ability to steer economic policy will be tested against the ability to deliver on services and projectsaimed at growing the economy and jobs.5)Housing prices are incredibly high today. But he bought his house for a song about five years ago.6)As people are complaining high prices, especially those related to daily necessities, the government feels rather urgentto hold down inflation rate immediately.7)Under the new economy policy investors are invited to buy into state-owned enterprises.8)Since a serious gun shooting occurred in Arizona last week, security concerns have trickled down to all places,including residential buildings.9)Social unrest is a daily occurrence in the country nowadays. It is in the last place when it comes to investment formultinational companies.10)Efforts to ban smoking in China are so effective yet. Some chain smokers never think of quitting while many othershave battled in vain to quit.3. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B:A_______________________ B__________________________________1)financial innovation A) A reduction in the general availability of loans (orcredit) or a sudden tightening of the conditionsrequired to obtain a loan from the banks.72)stimulus package B) A non-bank entity or organization such asinvestment companies and mutual funds thatinvests in large quantities. 83)overheating C)A legal entity created by a government to undertakecommercial activities on its behalf. 64)stamp tax D) The trading of a corporation's stock or othersecurities (e.g. bonds or stock options) byindividuals with potential access to non-publicinformation.9E) An industry that requires large amounts of capital, machinery and equipment toproduce goods. 55)capital-intensive sector F) Generation of new and creative approaches tosecurities, money management or investing. 16)state-run firm G) An economy that is expanding so rapidly that toomuch money is chasing too few goods andeconomists fear a rise in inflation . 37)credit crisis H) tax levied on certain legal transactions such as thetransfer of a property such as building, copyright,land, patent, and securities. 48)institutional investor I) A plan or a series of measures taken by agovernment to jump-start its ailing economy,generally as a part of its fiscal policy. 210) insider trading4. Translate the following passage into Chinese.我们所面临的来自中国的真正挑战并不是他们向我们大量销售的货物，而恰恰相反，是他们正在提升的价值链。

英文报刊国际商务阅读第二版课后练习题含答案阅读练习题Passage 11.What was the expected outcome of the TPP?2.What happened to the TPP after the U.S. withdrawal?3.What is the reason behind the CPTPP being signed without theU.S.?4.Why did Japan want to continue with the TPP even after theU.S. withdrawal?Passage 21.What is the significance of the Belt and Road Initiative?2.What are the benefits of the Belt and Road Initiative forparticipating countries?3.What is the criticism of the Belt and Road Initiative?4.How are countries addressing the concerns over the Belt andRoad Initiative?Passage 31.What are the issues surrounding the NAFTA renegotiations?2.What are the mn changes proposed by the U.S. in the NAFTArenegotiations?3.What is the position of Canada and Mexico on the NAFTArenegotiations?4.What is the possible impact of NAFTA renegotiations on theU.S. economy?答案篇Passage 11.The expected outcome of the TPP was to promote economicgrowth and create jobs, increase market access, establish a rules-based trade system, and encourage investment.2.After the U.S. withdrew from the TPP, the remning 11countries renegotiated the agreement and signed the CPTPP(Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-PacificPartnership) in March 2018.3.The reason behind the CPTPP being signed without the U.S.was that the remning countries, including Japan and Canada, saw the economic and strategic benefits of the agreement and did not want to abandon the agreement altogether.4.Japan wanted to continue with the TPP even after the U.S.withdrawal because it saw the agreement as a crucial component of its economic and strategic policies in the Asia-Pacific region. Passage 21.The Belt and Road Initiative is a global infrastructuredevelopment strategy initiated by China that ms to connectcountries in Asia, Europe, and Africa through a network of roads, rlways, ports, and pipelines.2.The benefits of the Belt and Road Initiative forparticipating countries include increased investments, jobcreation, infrastructure development, and trade opportunities.3.The criticism of the Belt and Road Initiative includesconcerns over debt sustnability, environmental and social impacts, lack of transparency, and geopolitical risks.4.Countries are addressing the concerns over the Belt and RoadInitiative through negotiations and consultations, promotingtransparency and governance, and implementing environmental and social safeguards.Passage 31.The issues surrounding the NAFTA renegotiations include thetrade deficits between the U.S. and its NAFTA partners, the low labor and environmental standards in Mexico, and the operation of the dispute resolution mechanisms.2.The mn changes proposed by the U.S. in the NAFTArenegotiations include stricter rules of origin for automobiles, increased labor and environmental standards, and eliminating the dispute resolution mechanisms.3.Canada and Mexico both want to preserve the NAFTA agreementand are willing to make some changes to address U.S. concerns, but they are opposed to the U.S. demands for significant changes.4.The possible impact of NAFTA renegotiations on the U.S.economy could include increased job opportunities in some sectors but also higher prices for consumers and reduced exports due to trade disruptions.。

Chapter 1 Why China Works中国是今年唯一呈现出重大发展的主要经济体（economy），由于它通常是唯一敢于打破经济教科书中每一条例的经济体。

事实上，中国不像其他五大经济体那样发展缓慢的主要原因是，它宏观调控的能力（its capacity for macro-economic control）。

为什么中国市场经济体系奏效？（market economic system）目前，欧美等国正通过银行及汽车业国有化及金融业实施新的有力规定（regulations），走向宏观调控。

但问题更加紧迫（the question has a new urgency）。

中国看上去最能驾驭（navigate）七十年内最糟的经济滑坡（downturn）。

在危机中，中国官员既能吸取像西方同行（counterparts）的传统市场工具，也能吸取中国市场经济体系的积累经验（arsenal）。

去年早期，由于房地产市场（housing market）过热，中国官员仅命令银行削减房贷（cut back on housing loans），然后随着房屋销售量下降（fall），他们提供类似更低的房屋购置税（lower taxes on home purchases）。

最近几周，他们展开类似西方的经济救援行动（launch economic rescue efforts），其中包括价值6000亿的大计划以增加政府开支和大幅利率削减（ramp up government spending）（big interests cuts）。

但同时，他们也发布在西方国家眼里是不合理的干涉的命令，例如，上周中国官员召集包括钢铁建筑等行业的国有行业并购（buy up）国内外新资产（at home and abroad）以积极（actively）发挥在经济中的作用。

曾把中国宏观调控视为不成熟经济的弊病（immature economy），现在是稳定的保障（bulwark of stability）。

Uniet 11.Once seen as the bad habit of an immature economy, China’s macro-economy control (state meddling) is now seen as a bulwark of stability. “Government control of the most capital-intensive sectors leaves me optimistic about China’s prospects”, says….中国的国家干预曾被视为一个不成熟经济体的坏习惯，如今被视为稳定的防波堤。

…安迪·罗斯曼（Andy Rothman）表示：“政府控制大部分资本密集型产业，这令我对中国的前景感到乐观。

”2.Even more farsighted is the new, landmark land-reform program, which would make it possible for Chinese peasants to rent or lease their land to outsiders. Simply figuring out who owns which properties can be a Byzantine task in China, so land reform could take decades--but the idea is already generating excitement. In November, real-estate consulting firm Jones Lang LaSalle estimated that land reform could unlock rural property worth as much as $2.5 trillion. Land reform will be China’s lasting legacy,”says JLL national research director Michael Klibaner. Turnning peasants into land-owning consumers could go a long way toward creating a consumer society, reducing China’s dependence on exports, and rebalancing the world economy.更具远见的是新的、里程碑式的土地改革计划，让中国农民向外人（包括企业）出租土地或者租用土地成为一种可能。

1.日本，大阪——像许多日本中产阶级一样，小企业主正人华20年前享有的富裕生活为世人所艳羡。

他购买了一套价值50万美元的公寓，时常去夏威夷度假，其座驾是一辆老款的奔驰轿车。

2.但慢慢地，他的生活水平随同日本的整体经济状况一道，逐渐走向崩溃。

刚开始时，他被迫减少了去国外旅行的次数，后来就彻底不去了。

随后，他卖掉了奔驰，换了一款更便宜的国产轿车。

去年，他卖掉了他的公寓——售价仅为17年前购房款的三分之一，还不及依然背负的按揭贷款。

3.“过去的日本，光鲜且乐观，而现如今的人们不得不静悄悄地压低生活质量，紧缩度日，”49岁的正人华说。

在接受采访时，他要求记者不要披露其全名，因为他依然无力偿付拖欠的11万美元按揭贷款。

4.在近代史中，没有几个国家的经济财富像日本这样，经历了如此惊人的扭转。

上世纪80年代，借助位居史上最大规模之列的股市投机及房产泡沫，日本一举成为第一个挑战西方长期霸权的亚洲国家，谱写了一曲源自亚洲的成功故事。

5.但这些泡沫最终于80年代晚期和90年代初期爆裂，日本旋即陷入了一个缓慢但不间断的衰落进程，庞大的预算赤字和海量流动性的涌入都无法扭转这一趋势。

在迄今差不多一代人的时间里，这个国家一直深陷通货紧缩泥沼（低增长，物价螺旋式下落），不能自拔。

在此过程中，这只昔日的经济猛兽已雄风不再，失去了在全球经济中的傲人地位。

6.如今，随着美国和其他西方国家正竭力摆脱债务及其自身的房产泡沫，越来越多的经济学家将日本当下的黯淡处境视为上述国家的未来走向。

甚至在美联储主席伯南克酝酿新一轮非常规措施，以刺激经济之际，对美国和许多欧洲经济体的忧虑依然与日俱增。

许多人担心，这些经济体将面临长期的低增长，甚至有可能出现持续的通货紧缩——这是自大萧条以来，在日本之外的主要经济体中所从未见过的一幕。

7.许多经济学家依然颇具信心地认为，美国将避免日本式停滞，这主要是因为美国的政治制度具有更强的反应性，美国人对于资本主义的创造性破坏具有更大的容忍度。

高级商务英语阅读课文译文第1 课主课文译文新长征“中国制造”这个标记很久以前就不新鲜了，它贴在鞋子上、玩具上、服装上，以及为跨国公司制造的其他商品上，世界各地到处可见。

现在真正新鲜的是以中国品牌出售的中国制造的商品。

目前中国只有为数不多的几家公司拥有足够的财力和管理知识来打造国际名牌；其余的绝大多数公司还在为在国内获得知名度而努力奋斗着。

但是正在海外市场上试水的各大先锋公司，很有可能把事情做大。

一些人认为，在创业精神饱满的本地管理层的协助下，或者在一些想在其产品系列里添加新产品的外国公司的协助下，中国商品在极具竞争力的价格的基础上，若把卖点放在产品质量和异国情调上，那末10 年之内，中国品牌将一个一个地走向全球。

总部在香港的广告公司中国精信（Grey China）的执行董事陈一木丹（Viveca Chan）说：“如果世界上只有一个国家具备创立全球品牌的潜力，那么这个国家就是中国。

”短期之内，中国商品最有希望打入国际市场的当属中草药和特色食品，当然也包括那些体现中国浪漫并具有异国情调的产品，例如化妆品、时装和音乐作品。

中国总部设在上海的泰勒·娜尔森·索福瑞（Taylor Nelson Sofres）市场调研公司的中国区总经理Kevin Tan 说：“与中国相联系的神秘色彩还有许多。

化妆品是种靠形象推销的产品，假如你要做化妆品，你会一下子就发现，中国化妆品来头不小。

”努力走向世界的中国品牌还有一些领导时尚潮头的饮料和啤酒品牌，也包括家用电器等具有品牌潜力的产品，它们都能以竞争性的价格提供高品质的产品。

这些中国品牌中的一部分，最终将会通过合资、兼并和收购的途径走向国际市场。

而对于合资双方中的外国投资者来说，这些品牌则将成为他们更快地进入中国消费市场和销售渠道的载体，同时这些中国品牌也能进一步充实国外投资者在国际市场上已经确立的优质品牌的阵营。

整个20 世纪90 年代，“中国品牌”这个概念一直在发育着，而目前在国内受到的重视更大了。

Unit 6Goodbye, Free Trade?Exercises1.Answer the questions on the text.1) What was the result when the House of Representatives passed theHawley-Smoot Tariff Act in 1930?The economic recession in the United States became even worse.2) According to the author, what happens when a currency appreciates?It diminishes the export advantage of the country and makes it difficult to increase exports or even maintain the status quo.3) How did American politicians take advantage of the public’s stronganti-free-trade sentiment in the United States?They created a talking point in charges of unfair trade so that they thought they could benefit in the mid-term elections.4) What did American politicians and economists agree and disagree over theHawley-Smoot Tariff Act?Almost all of them agreed that it was a bad law, but they disagreed whether it triggered the Great Depression in the 1930s.5) What did Milton Friedman think were the more important reasons for theGreat Depression?The malfunctioning gold standard system and inept monetary policy of the Federal Reserve.6) What was the foreign reaction unexpected by the American lawmakers afterthe Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act was enacted?The trading partners were angered and imposed discriminatory tariffs on American goods. Canada in particular, as the largest export market for the US, reacted fiercely and handed its market over to the British competitors.7) Why is it unlikely for the US to adopt another Smoot-Hawley today in the eyeof the author?(1)The US is much more integrated into the world economy today than it was inthe 1930s.(2)Import restrictions seldom achieve their intended goals, instead, often end uphurting American industries and consumers.(3)The Americans have learned to consider the possible strong foreignretaliation against US exporters.8) What were the respective results for those countries withdrawing from thegold standard and those clinging to it during the 1930s according to the author?Those countries going off the gold standard allowed their currencies to depreciate, avoided protectionist trade policies and, instead, used monetary policy to end price deflation and stimulate economic growth.Those countries choosing to stay on pursued protectionist trade policies by imposing high tariffs, import quotas and exchange controls, which did little in boosting their economic growth. Thus they suffered a longer economic depression.9) How does the author justify his support for the policy of "quantitativeeasing"?(1) Historically, the most important tool for resisting protectionist sentiment in the1930s was a monetary policy that would promote economic growth.Today the US is in a similar situation. Taking right monetary policy can alleviate the pressure on Washington to adopt protectionist trade policy and can help to raise output before it leads to a high inflation.(2) He also quotes what Charles Evens said: Additional measures taken by the Fedto stimulate growth should condoned, not condemned.(3) What Mr. Friedman wrote 1997 about Japan: The surest road to a healthyeconomic recovery is to increase the rate of monetary growth, to shift from tight money to easier money.10) What does the author imply about the US Congress?In comparison with the Fed, the US Congress is following a trade protectionist policy in blaming other countries for its unemployment and may cause serious trade retaliations from trading partners.2. Fill in each blank of the following sentences with one of the phrases in the list given below. Make changes when necessary.1)As the financial scandal involves so many people, the probe in to it could dragon for another year.2)In the age of globalization more individuals are forced to integrate intomultinational work teams.3)Many in Europe are now very much worried that it may sink into a Japan-styleeconomic recession.4)But the business leaders yesterday warned against interest rate rises, arguing thatinflation was being driven not by consumer spending, but by rising commodity prices.5)After the call scandal, the American automakers and some politicians there wereso eager to keep their rival Toyota at bay in the auto market.6)Under the current labor law, two categories of employees are exempt fromminimum wage and overtime requirements.7)Though the local partner made a revised offer, the foreigner investor refused andreverted back to the original agreement conditions.8)Last Friday the two parties met for more than five hours only to end up walkingaway from the table once again, reaching no agreement at all.9)When the government supervises banks, it should take into account their payand bonus structures which may often be the source of corruption.10)The customers severely affected in the incident demanded that the company putin place effective measures to avoid occurrence of such things in the future. 11)It’s critical to take hold of any opportunity coming your way because it willnever come back again once lost.12)At times of economic depression, people are more inclined to unethical means intheir business.3. Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B:A__________________________ B____________________________________ 1)unfair trade A) Restrictions that governments put in placeon the purchase or sale of a foreign or localcurrency, particularly by those in shortageof hard currencies. 62) real estate B) Escalation of protectionism between two ormore countries that impose punitive tariffsand barriers in retaliation for each other. 83) business cycle C) A general decline in prices often caused bya reduction in the money supply or a decreasein spending. 54) trade protectionism D) Unjustifiable and discriminatory policiesand supports by a government to its ownfirms, ranging from export subsidies to anti-competitive practices. 15) price deflation E) Land, buildings, homes or anything fixed,immovable, or permanently attached that canbe traded in the market. 26) exchange control F) The policy of imposing duties or quotas onimports in order to protect home jobs,markets or industries from overseascompetition. 97) competitive currency devaluation G) A company or country with whom you havean ongoing business relationship and engagein importing or exporting activities. 108) trade war H) A predictable long-term pattern ofeconomic activity that an economyexperiences four stages including decline,recession, recovery and boom. 39) import barriers I) The currency devaluation by a governmentto make its goods more competitive in theinternational markets. 710) trading partner L) The economic policy of restrainingbusiness between states through a variety ofgovernment actions to discourage importsand prevent foreign take-over of domesticmarkets and companies. 44. Translate the following passage into Chinese.按官方的说法，中美间过去三天日益严重的贸易纠纷涉及轮胎、鸡肉和汽车，但实际上远远超出此范围。

《新编商务英语阅读教程》（第二版）练习参考答案Unit OneI.1. 资产C2. 边际变动E3. 市场势力I4. 劳动生产力（率）J5. 经济学A6. 市场失灵G7. 市场经济F8. 机会成本D9. 通货膨胀K10. 外部性H11. 效率B12. 菲利普斯曲线LII.Passage One经济学的研究主要分为两部分：宏观经济学与微观经济学。

宏观经济学着眼于经济全局——一幅宏观的画面。

在宏观经济学中，我们研究国家的政策目标，例如充分就业、抑制通货膨胀、经济增长等，而不考虑个人或者单个团体的利益和行为。

对宏观经济学的关注是为了从总体上认识并改善经济的运行。

微观经济学则关注宏观画面中的细节。

在微观经济学中，我们着眼于实际构成宏观经济的个人、厂商和政府机构。

我们感兴趣的是这些独立经济单位的行为。

他们的目标何在？以有限资源实现目标的途径是什么？如何对各种激励和机会做出反应？宏观经济学主要关注，例如，总消费性支出对总产出、就业及物价的影响。

很少关注消费性支出及其决定因素的实际内涵。

相反，微观经济学关注的是个体消费者具体的支出决策及其影响因素（爱好、物价水平、收入状况）。

宏、微观经济学的区别还反映在关于企业投资的讨论中。

宏观经济学中，我们需要了解决定企业总投资率的因素以及这些投资对一国的总产出、就业及物价水平产生影响的路径。

而微观经济学中，我们关注的是各家企业关于生产率、生产要素的抉择以及具体物品的定价决策。

了解宏、微观经济学的区别并非难事。

在现实社会，宏观经济的表现有赖于微观行为，而微观行为又受宏观经济表现的影响。

因此，人们只有了解了所有经济活动的参与者的行为方式及其成因，才能充分了解整个经济的运作方式。

但是，就如你会开车而不懂发动机的构造原理那样，你能观察到经济运行方式但并不能完全解开其中奥秘。

在宏观经济学中我们注意到经济这部汽车在踩油门时加速，踩刹车时减速。

这就是我们在大多数情形下所需了解的一切。

然而，汽车总有出故障的时候。