圣才教育英语专业八级视频课程:翻译讲义第5讲 汉译英真题讲解(下)
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英语专业八级考试翻译辅导讲座材料一、八级考试大纲对翻译测试的要求和规定1、测试目的:考察学生英汉两种语言的互译能力2、题型:本题为主观试题。
分两部分:第一部分汉译英,由300字左右的汉语短文组成,其中有150字左右的文字或段落用横线标出或用黑体字打印,要求考生将此部分译成英语。
第二部分英译汉。
由300个单词左右的英语短文组成,其中150个左右单词文字或段落用横线标出或用黑体字打印,要求考生将此部分译成汉语。
3、测试要求:汉译英要求考生运用汉译英理论与技巧,以每小时译约250-300汉字的速度将要求译出的部分译完,约150字左右。
译文要求忠实原文,语言表达通顺流畅。
英译汉要求考生运用英译汉理论与技巧,以每小时译约250英语单词的速度将要求译出的部分译完,约150单词左右。
译文要求忠实原文,语言表达通顺流畅。
4、考试时间:60分钟,两部分的写作时间可互相调剂使用。
二、考试项目、时间、题数及分数三、翻译原文的主要文体及话题主要问题为散文、议论文和政论文。
汉语散文的特点是形散神不散。
所以在翻译成英文时,要适当增加英语连词、副词等以使语句连贯,意义完整。
议论文既有描述,又有议论,夹叙夹议。
注意时态变化和习惯用法。
政论文往往语句较长,且不时地用被动语态。
所以在翻译时,语句结构要作调整,语态要作变化。
话题涉及社会热点,人生感悟,教育批评,读书学习等。
四、翻译中的关键问题一)理解问题:1. 词汇量问题:生词;熟词的多义性;粗心大意弄错词a. I grudge every marriage in that it means a fresh supply of orangeblossom, the promise of so much golden fruit cut short.* 我(妒忌)每场婚礼,因为它意味着要供应桔子花,这么多金色的水果的希望就砍断了。
b. It was tempting to say that Sept 11 changed all that, just as it istempting to say that every hero needs a villain, and goodness needsevil as its grinding stone. But try to look a widow in the eye andtalking about all the good that has come of this.* 令人引诱的说出9.11事件改变了这一切,正如()英雄需要恶棍来陪衬,善良需要邪恶来作为磨刀石。
(二)真题讲解【2002年E-C真题】The word “winner”and “loser”have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don t pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others.分析:winner:赢家,胜者,成功者,智者as such的本意是“诸如此类的人或物”,此处可以顺接上句译成“正因如此”putting on a performance:做作,作秀,装腔作势maintaining pretence:自命不凡译文:①成功者不会穷其毕生之精力,执着于自我之臆想。
英语专业八级考试辅导——翻译一、考试综述1. 测试要求2. 考查形式3. 命题特点4. 评分标准及实战点评二、翻译步骤及考生常见问题三、汉译英部分(一)汉译英技巧(二)真题讲解四、英译汉部分(一)英译汉技巧(二)真题讲解五、备考指南一、考试综述1. 测试要求:汉译英项目要求应试者运用汉译英的理论和技巧,翻译我国报刊杂志上的论述文和国情介绍,以及一般文学作品的节录。
速度为每小时约250-300汉字。
译文必须忠实原意,语言通顺。
英译汉项目要求应试者运用英译汉的理论和技巧,翻译英、美报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、历史、文化等方面的论述文以及文学原著的节录。
速度为每小时约250-300词。
译文要求忠实原意,语言流畅。
2. 考查形式本题分为两项:Section A及Section B,为英译汉及汉译英的段落翻译。
考试时间共计60分钟。
Section A:150词左右的段落被底线划出。
要求根据上下文将此段落译成英语。
Section B:150词左右的段落被底线划出。
要求根据上下文将此段落译成汉语。
八级考试翻译部分在命题上是有一定规律的,我们通过以上两个图表对2002—2009年的八级翻译试题进行总结和归纳:(1)就体裁上讲汉译英试题涉及记叙文、说明文、散文和论说小品文四种体裁。
散文为主要体裁。
散文与记叙文相比,除了有记叙的内容,还有更多的抒情色彩,因此翻译难度更大。
而论说小品文比起单纯的议论某一问题的论说文具有更强的哲理性。
英译汉的体裁涉及散文、演讲和议论文3种体裁。
演讲为主要体裁。
(2)就题材上讲所有考题都围绕人文话题,没有出现过科学技术方面的内容,也充分反映了《大纲》中对英语专业学生在文化素养方面的要求。
(3)就内容上讲主要以人生哲理、风俗习惯、城市、机构介绍、个人见闻和随想为主。
与文学或艺术有关的翻译选段通常是作品或艺术种类的介绍,没有出现过纯粹的文学性描写或口语体对话。
(4)就文章来源上讲汉译英部分主要来自富有哲理性的杂志(如《读者》)或是散文集。
126专八翻译练习汉译英50篇及参考译文Translate the underlined part of the text into English.1.在兽类中我最爱虎,在虎的故事中我最爱下面的一个。
深山中有一所古庙,几个和尚在那里过着单调的修行生活。
同他们做朋友的,除了有时上山来的少数乡下人外,就是几只猛虎。
虎不惊扰僧人,却替他们守护庙宇。
作为报酬,和尚把一些可吃的东西放在庙门前。
每天傍晚,夕阳染红小半个天空,虎们成群地走到庙门口,吃了东西,跳跃而去。
庙门大开,僧人们安然在庙内做他们的日课,也没有谁出去看虎怎样吃东西,即使偶尔有一二和尚立在门前,虎们亦视为平常的事情,把他们看做熟人,不去惊动,却斯斯文文地吃完走开。
如果看不见僧人,虎就发出几声长啸,随着几阵风飞腾而去。
2.光绪二十六年,八国联军攻占北京。
慈禧太后弃城而走,一直逃到西安。
和谈开始后,她并未马上返回北京。
起初,外国列强的要求里面有一项是让慈禧太后退位,由光绪帝重新执掌朝廷。
不过,在与李鸿章多次会谈后,他们放弃了这一要求。
第二年正式签署和约,随后过了一个月慈禧才终于从西安动身。
她对外国人万分惧怕,正像她对国人无比傲慢一样。
她在河南停留了很长一段时间,到了保定又逗留多日,好不容易才回到北京。
据野史记载,在这漫长的旅途中还发生了一件趣事。
一位地方官员送给慈禧一只猴子,她颇为高兴,竟下旨给那只猴子穿黄马褂。
后来太监报告说,有的官员发出了“人不如猴”的感慨,慈禧这才发现自己的决定有些荒唐,于是又下旨给随行官员每人一件黄马褂。
得到这殊荣之后,大家真不知道该感谢慈禧还是感谢那只猴子。
3. 中国对香港的政策是“一国两制”,这个原则不仅对香港经济发展有利,而且和中国本身的利益也是一致的。
我们不想使香港政府在过渡时期无法正常行使其职能,恰恰相反,我们希望它能有效地管理香港的事务,中英联合声明和建造新机场的谅解备忘录就是最好的保证。
至于1997年以后的,全国人民大会已通过了《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》。
【2006年C-E真题】中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切,在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位,而非绝对统治万物的主宰。
因此我们的苦闷,基本上比西方人为少为小;因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。
农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多;因此欲望也小得多。
况中国古代素来以不滞于物,不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。
并非我们没有守财奴,但比起莫利哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来,就小巫见大巫了。
中国民族多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实、比西方人容易满足。
中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切,在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位,而非绝对统治万物的主宰。
译文:①The Chinese nation has never regarded man as superior to all the other things in the world. It has been reflected in Chinese philosophy, literature and art that human was not dominating the universe but instead having a balance among nature and other creatures.②Chinese people, since ancient times, have never regarded human beings as dominant over everything, which is reflected in their philosophy and art where man in nature takes his place in a proper proportion to other creatures.因此我们的苦闷,基本上比西方人为少为小;因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。
四、英译汉部分(一英译汉技巧A. 词的翻译1. 词义选择2. 词义引申3. 词类转译4. 增词法5. 减词法B. 句子翻译1. 正说反译与反说正译2. 语态的转换3. 分译与合译(一英译汉技巧A. 词的翻译1. 词义选择英语与世界上任何一种语言一样,都存在着一词多义的现象。
所谓一词多义,是指同一个词在同一种词性中,具有几个不同的词义。
在英语与汉语中,很难找到一词一义的对应情况,这就需要在翻译过程中理解英语原文中单词的意思,然后努力地寻找在汉语中与这个英语单词具有相同意义的常用表达方法。
在翻译时,词义的选择应从以下几个方面着手。
①根据词性确定词义许多英语单词具有不同词性,亦即分属几种不同的词类,包括名词、动词、形容词、副词等等。
其中,有些单词用于不同词性时意思并无多大差异,翻译时一般不会导致理解上的错误。
如:forecast有“预报,预测”的意思,用作动词和用作名词时意思相同;increase作动词时,表示“增加,增长,增进”的意思,用作名词时主要还是表达这些意思。
但是,大多数单词并非如此。
它们在用作不同词性时,其意义存在不同程度的差异。
如:book这个单词,在作名词时,意思是“书,书籍”;用作动词却常表示“预订,预约”的意思。
又如:while作连词时,有“当……的时候,而,虽然”等意思;作名词时,却指“片刻,一会儿”;作动词,又有“消磨”的意思。
遇到这种情况,如果不弄清楚词性,常常就会将词义搞错,进而影响对原文的正确理解和准确翻译。
He worked round the day.他工作了一整天。
(介词The boy’s eyes rounded with excitement.男孩兴奋得眼睛睁得圆圆的。
(动词②根据上下文确定词义除了根据词性来判断词义之外,词义选择的一个更为重要的方法就是根据上下文来判断词义。
因为很多英语单词即使弄清楚了词性,仍需从几个或十几个意项中选定确切的词义。
这就需要借助于上下文提供的各种线索做出合理的分析、推理、判断。
三、汉译英部分(一)汉译英技巧A. 词的翻译1. 词的选择2. 词的增补3. 词的减省4. 词类转换B. 句子翻译1. 顺译法2. 分句合译3. 断句分译(二)真题讲解(一)汉译英技巧A. 词的翻译1. 词的选择所谓词义选择,是指词本来就有这个意思,问题是要我们去选,把其在特定场合的正确意思选出来。
正确选词是保证译文质量的重要环节,如果能做到在词语概念和字面形式上都对等当然最好,如果不能兼顾,则取概念,舍形式。
越是普通的词,越是拥有繁多的释义和搭配,翻译过程中的词义也就越难以确定。
选词时,要注意词义的广狭、所处语境、词的褒贬和色彩进行翻译。
(1)语境词汉语有些词语的含义会因语境而发生微妙的变化,我们姑且称之为“语境词”。
翻译这些词时,应紧密结合上下文译成相应的词语,不能按照原词的字面意思来译。
例1:原文:手机刷新了人与人的关系。
[2009年真题]译文:Cell phone has altered the relationship among people.分析:“刷新”此处实际是指“改变”,而并非我们平常所指的含义,因此不宜译成refurbish 或renovate,翻译为alter或change更恰当。
例2:原文:在得病以前,我受父母宠爱,在家中横行霸道……[2003年真题]译文:Before I fell ill, I had been the bully under our roofs owing to my doting parents.分析:“横行霸道”在此并无“任意欺凌他人”之意,而是“为所欲为,想干什么就干什么,不受限制”,可用get everything my own way或get all things my own way或be the bully表达。
例3:原文:钓鱼可分为三个阶段……[2001年真题]译文:There are three states for fishing…分析:根据上下文,我们可以看出,“三个阶段”指的其实是钓鱼的三种境界,而不是讲钓鱼具体的步骤,因此不应按字面意思译为three stages,而应根据其内涵译为three states。
历年英语专业八级翻译真题及参考译文历年英语专业八级翻译真题及参考译文(1995—2006 + 2007)1995年专8翻译部分参考译文C-E原文:简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日,婚恋嫁娶的小事。
因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。
但一部小说开掘得深不深,艺术和思想是否有过人之处,的确不在题材大小。
有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。
这不仅因为她的语言精彩,并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献,也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白,那么透明。
史密斯夫人说过,女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序,改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。
也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度,明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。
参考译文:However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: themore you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) the fact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts) to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on what is “important” and what is not.E-C原文I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring values more central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’ orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost ofgasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.”Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities --- the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.参考译文:对我的几个儿子来说,乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜,垂钓来的鱼,邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。
2002年-2011年英语专业八级翻译汉译英参考答案2002年大自然对人的恩赐;无论贫富,一律平等。
所以人们对于大自然,全都一致并深深地依赖着。
尤其在乡间.上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。
种植庄稼和葡萄,酿酒和饮酒。
喂牛和挤奶,锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌;往日的田园依旧是今日的温璐家园。
这样,每个地方都有自己的传说,风俗也就衍传了下来。
Poor or rich, people are favored by the Nature equally. So all the humans are uniformly and deeply dependent upon the nature, especially in the countryside, where people lived in the same ways of life for thousands of years. They plant crops and grapes, brew and drink wine, feed and milk cows, weed and plant flowers, go to church at weekends, and play music instruments on the plaza on festivals, dancing and singing. The fields of the past remain today's pleasant home. In this way every place has its own legends and the customs hand down.2003年得病以前,我受父母宠爱,在家中横行霸道,一旦隔离,拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里,我顿觉打入冷宫,十分郁郁不得志起来。
一个春天的傍晚,园中百花怒放,父母在园中设宴,一时宾客云集,笑语四溢。
英语专业八级汉译英试题真题2009年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分(附参考译文)C-E原文:我想不起来哪一个熟人没有手机。
今天没有手机的人是奇怪的,这种人才需要解释。
我们的所有社会关系都储存在手机的电话本里,可以随时调出使用。
古代只有巫师才能拥有这种法宝。
手机刷新了人与人的关系。
会议室门口通常贴着一条通告:请与会者关闭手机。
可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。
我们都是普通人,并没有多少重要的事情。
尽管如此,我们也不会轻易关掉手机。
打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。
手机反映出我们的"社交饥渴症"。
最为常见的是,一个人走着走着突然停下来,眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。
他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。
为什么对于手机来电和短信这么在乎?因为我们迫切渴望与社会保持联系。
参考译文:Cell phone has altered / renovated human relations / relationships. There is usually a note on the door of conference room, which reads “close your handset / cell phone.” However, the rings are still resounding in the room. We are all common people and have few urgencies to do. Still, we are reluctant to turn off the phone. Cell phone symbolizes our connection with the world and reflects our “thirst for socialization.” We are familiar with the scene that a person stops his steps to edit short messages with eyes glued at his phone, regardless of his location, whether in road center or beside restroom.注:中文作者:张帆标题:《我们生活在机器中》为上海艺术人文频道《世说新语》栏目所作的演讲稿E-C原文:We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergency - a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. But there is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst - though not all - of its consequences, if we act boldly, decisively and quickly.However, too many of the world's leaders are still best described in the words of Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitler's threat: "They go on in strange paradox, decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, all powerful to be impotent." So today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow, we will dump a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun.参考译文:My translation:我们人类正面临着一场星球灾难,这是一场威胁整个人类文明的危机。
【2006年E-C真题】On May 13, 1940, Winston Churchill, the newly appointed British Prime Minister, gave his first speech to Parliament. He was preparing the people for a long battle against Nazi aggression, at a time when England’s survival was still in doubt.“... I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea, and air. War with all out might and with all our strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime.You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs—victory in spite of all terrors—for without victory there is no survival.Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, ‘Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength’.”I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.分析:句子简短精悍,但慷慨激昂,催人奋进,翻译时要体现出来。
专八汉译英真题及参考答案专八汉译英真题及参考答案随着全球化的发展,汉语的重要性日益凸显。
越来越多的人开始学习汉语,希望能够在国际交流中更好地表达自己。
而专八汉译英考试就是对学习者汉语水平的一次全面考核。
下面将介绍一些专八汉译英的真题及参考答案,希望能够对大家备考有所帮助。
真题一:中国的改革开放政策为国家的经济发展带来了巨大的变化。
中国的经济从闭关锁国走向开放,吸引了大量的外国投资和技术。
这一政策的成功也使中国成为世界上最大的出口国之一。
参考答案一:China's reform and opening-up policy has brought about tremendous changes to the country's economic development. China's economy has transitioned from being closed to the outside world to being open, attracting a large amount of foreign investment and technology. The success of this policy has also made China one of the world's largest exporters.真题二:中国的文化遗产丰富多样,包括传统建筑、绘画、音乐、舞蹈和文学等。
这些文化遗产不仅代表了中国人民的智慧和创造力,也是世界文化宝库中的瑰宝。
参考答案二:China's cultural heritage is rich and diverse, including traditional architecture, painting, music, dance, and literature, among others. These cultural treasuresnot only represent the wisdom and creativity of the Chinese people but also contribute to the world's cultural treasury.真题三:中国的环境问题日益严重,污染和资源浪费成为了亟待解决的难题。
二、翻译步骤及考生常见问题(一)翻译步骤在英语专业八级测试中,时间利用率的高低决定着考生能否最大限度发挥自己的实际水平。
因此,考生要千方百计利用好60分钟的那段有限的时间,保质保量的把翻译部分做好。
考生一般可以遵照以下步骤进行翻译:第一步:快速浏览原文一遍,了解所需翻译文章的大意遇到较难理解或是较难翻译的词可以在下面标下划线,以便过后仔细斟酌。
第二步:边看边译,每次处理一个自然段如果是一大段,每次处理几行即可,具体步骤分为:阅读原文,斟酌措辞,写下译文。
如果有的地方一时还理解不好或是找不到恰当的措辞,因而译得不理想或译不出来,可以暂时空着不写,但要在未译部分标出记号,以免忘记。
第三步:加工修改初稿写成之后,应先把未译的部分补上去。
再就是把译得不理想的地方再修改一遍。
第四步:复读译文从头至尾再阅读一遍译文,译文有无逻辑不通之处和字句错误。
凡有不顺之处,必定有理解问题,应仔细琢磨。
(二)常见问题解析1. 汉译英(1)理解问题汉语句子在断句问题上并不严格,因此对句子停顿的认识很多情况下完全取决于读者的语感。
学生对此往往认识并不充分,不敢果断断句,以为原文中的一个长句一定要用英语的一个长句来表达,因而出现跟原文风格不一致的译文,甚至在组织译文的时候出现很多语法错误。
例如,2001年八级英语考试中,第一句话是“世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆,它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物演化历史的”。
很多同学用which这个关系代词来形成一个结构很复杂的主从复合句,但是在组织这个句子的时候出现很多错误,造成修饰关系不明确的情况。
如果我们果断断句,翻译成:The World’s first generation museums are museums of natural history. They introduce to the people with fossils and specimens the evolution of the earth and various living organisms on it. 用这样两个单句来处理,就可以避免语法错误,而且可以使句子语义鲜明。
专八翻译主讲老师:聂磊概况一、题型:汉-英(划线) →英-汉(划线);各150字二、时间:各30分钟三、分值:各10分四、考纲要求:汉-英:我国报刊上的文章、国情介绍和一般文学作品;译文忠实、流畅。
英-汉:英美报刊杂志上的文章和文学原著;译文忠实、流畅。
面临的问题一、词汇:词汇积累不够,活跃词汇量低。
二、阅读:质低、量小、面偏。
三、课堂教学:违反翻译的认知与实践规律;练习密度差、强度小。
四、学习:练习密度差、强度小;欣赏有余、对比、分析、思考、总结不足。
备考策略一、坚持扩大词汇量。
二、加大练习力度,以练促学、代学,拒绝赏析。
三、练习即模考。
四、语篇练习为主。
五、以真题为本,反复练习。
六、对比、分析、思考、总结四合一。
时间规划—22周一、第1-6周:熟悉翻译技巧,每周练2篇。
二、第7-14周:熟悉考试及考场,每周3篇。
三、第15-20周:应试强化练习,每周4篇。
四、第21周:总结应试技巧、经验。
五、第22周:继续总结,模考1-2次。
时间规划—14周一、第1-2周:熟悉翻译技巧,每周练2篇。
二、第3-8周:熟悉考试及考场,每周3篇。
三、第9-12周:应试强化练习,每周4篇。
四、第13周:总结应试技巧、经验。
五、第14周:模考3篇。
应试策略一、开头与结尾要多分配时间。
二、英译汉多注意理解,汉译英多注意表达。
三、英语译文必须语法正确。
四、英汉语表达多用有把握的词句。
五、谨慎对待考场灵感。
六、对待难点宜―软‖不宜―硬‖。
七、在试卷上做适当的勾划。
推荐书目一、英语专业八级考试(单项突破)系列书目之《翻译与写作》(上海外语教育出版社,邹申)二、《大学英语翻译教程》(上海外语教育出版社,蔡基刚)三、《汉英翻译技巧示例》(外文出版社,唐义均)四、《灵活与变通—英汉翻译案例讲评》(外文出版社,叶子南)五、《说词解句—英汉语言对比与翻译》(大连理工大学出版社仝益民)汉译英概况一、体裁:哲理、故事、描写散文为主。
二、来源:《读者》、Shanghai Daily网站、著名文人的散文作品。
第4章汉译英◆文化教育类现在越来越盛行送十几岁的小孩子到国外留学,人数在急剧增加。
他们的家长对国外的教育抱有不切实际的幻想。
外国院校举办的教育展览把国外的学校说得天花乱坠,使他们听了介绍之后便心动变为行动。
可是把小孩子送到国外学习并不一定会带来好的结果,很多学生缺乏适应性和灵活性,他们很难融入国外新的环境。
由于在文化上难以适应,即缺乏在国外陌生环境下生存的能力,他们往往会受到所谓“文化震荡”的冲击。
缺乏必要的观察能力,使他们难以理解东道主国家人民的行为表现,他们也就无法与当地人打成一片。
缺乏适应性以及交流和交往能力必然会使自己感到孤立。
【参考译文】However, sending children to study aboard doesn’t necessarily produce desirable results. Many students fall short of adaptability and flexibility, which means they can hardly integrate into the new environment abroad. Having difficulty in adapting to foreign cultures, or lacking the ability of living in a strange environment, they often suffer from the so-called “cultural shock”. Lack of the essential ability of observation makes the children hard to understand behaviors of the people in the host country, thus they can’t mix well with the local people. Lack of adaptability and the ability to communicate would certainly make them feel isolated.圣经在英语的发展过程中对英语的影响可谓深远。
【2006年C-E真题】中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切,在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位,而非绝对统治万物的主宰。
因此我们的苦闷,基本上比西方人为少为小;因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。
农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多;因此欲望也小得多。
况中国古代素来以不滞于物,不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。
并非我们没有守财奴,但比起莫利哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来,就小巫见大巫了。
中国民族多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实、比西方人容易满足。
中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切,在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位,而非绝对统治万物的主宰。
译文:①The Chinese nation has never regarded man as superior to all the other things in the world. It has been reflected in Chinese philosophy, literature and art that human was not dominating the universe but instead having a balance among nature and other creatures.②Chinese people, since ancient times, have never regarded human beings as dominant over everything, which is reflected in their philosophy and art where man in nature takes his place in a proper proportion to other creatures.因此我们的苦闷,基本上比西方人为少为小;因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。
译文:①Because of this, we felt on the whole less distressed than westerners because the degree of one’s pain varies with his desires and ambitions.②Therefore, we are less anxious than the Westerners, because the intensity of our worries are governed by the desire and ambition.③Therefore, we have less vexation than Western people for the degree of vexation is determined by desire and ambition.农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多;因此欲望也小得多。
译文:①People in the agricultural society enjoyed far less than those in the industrial society, so their desires and ambitions were much weaker.②Compared with people in industrial society, people in agricultural society have a much lower living standard, and therefore, much less desire in life.况中国古代素来以不滞于物,不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。
译文:①Moreover, Chinese people have long held dear the life philosophy that one should not be confined and enslaved by external matters.hold sb. / sth. dear: (rhet) to cherish, value②Moreover, the ancient Chinese people were consistent in their living philosophy that life shall never be hindered by the material, and men shall never fall victim to the material success.并非我们没有守财奴,但比起莫利哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来,就小巫见大巫了。
中国民族多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实、比西方人容易满足。
译文:①It is quite true that there are misers in China. But Chinese misers prove less miserly and less ambitious when they are compared with those misers and careerists described by Moliai and Balzac.②Being very mild-tempered, most of the ethic groups in China live a simple life without worldly desires. In comparison with western people, the Chinese people are easily satisfied.【2007年C-E真题】暮色中,河湾里落满云霞,与天际的颜色混合一起,分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。
也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边,在河湾之畔,一群羊正在低头觅食。
它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来,看一眼这美丽的黄昏。
也许它们要抓紧时间,在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。
这是黄河滩上的一幕。
牧羊人不见了,他不知在何处歇息。
只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。
这儿水草肥美,让它们长得肥滚滚的,像些胖娃娃。
如果走近了,会发现它们那可爱的神情,洁白的牙齿,那丰富而单纯的表情。
如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞,还会生出无限的怜悯。
也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边,在河湾之畔,一群羊正在低头觅食。
译文:①Just beside this splendid picture, a flock of sheep are grazing with bent heads by the riverside.②Beside this picture with profusions of colors, a group of sheep are lowing their heads, eating by the river bank.它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来,看一眼这美丽的黄昏。
也许它们要抓紧时间,在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。
译文:①Hardly any of them cares to look up and throws a glance at the beautiful twilight. Perhaps they are using the last moment for another chew before going home.②Hardly any of them would spare some time to raise their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk. They are, perhaps, taking use of every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home.这是黄河滩上的一幕。
牧羊人不见了,他不知在何处歇息。
只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。
译文:①This is a scene taking place on the shore of the Yellow River. The shepherd, who is nowhere to be seen, is having a rest in an unknown place, leaving these living things to enjoy the moment of dusk with full ease and freedom.②This is a picture of the Yellow River bank, in which the shepherd disappears, and no one knows where he is resting himself. Only the sheep, however, as free creatures, are joyfully appreciating the dusk.unknown place; disappear这儿水草肥美,让它们长得肥滚滚的,像些胖娃娃。
如果走近了,会发现它们那可爱的神情,洁白的牙齿,那丰富而单纯的表情。
译文:①Here the water grass is so luxuriant and tender that the sheep have battened on them. If you approach them, you will see their snow-white teeth as well as their rich innocent expressions.②The exuberant water plants have nutrited the sheep, making them grow as fat as balls. When approaching near, you would find their lily-white teeth and a variety of innocent facial expressions.batten on (esp. derog.)snow-white? lily-white? facial?【2008年C-E真题】都市寸土千金,地价炒得越来越高,今后将更高。
拥有一个小小花园的希望,对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望,一种梦想。
我想,其实谁都有一个小小花园,这便是我们的内心世界。