汉译英练习1

初三定语从句汉翻英练习题在初三英语学习中，定语从句是一个重要的语法知识点。

通过运用定语从句，可以使句子更加丰富、准确地表达出想要表达的含义。

接下来，我们将通过汉译英的练习题来帮助学生们更好地掌握定语从句的用法和表达。

练习一：汉译英1. 我刚才看到的那个房子是我梦寐以求的。

The house that I just saw is the one I have been dreaming of.2. 天空中飞过的那只鸟是什么品种？What kind of bird is the one that flew across the sky?3. 那位穿红衣服的女士是我的英语老师。

The lady who is wearing a red dress is my English teacher.4. 我带的那本书是一本你推荐给我的好书。

The book that I brought is a good one recommended by you.5. 我们参观的那个博物馆展览的是中国古代文物。

The museum that we visited displays ancient Chinese relics.6. 这是我父亲留给我的那枚戒指。

This is the ring that my father left me.7. 你能告诉我那个站在门口的是谁吗？Can you tell me who the person standing at the door is?8. 那辆被绿树掩映的红色自行车是我的。

The red bicycle that is hidden by the green trees is mine.9. 我认识的那个人是一个很有趣的作家。

The person that I know is a very interesting writer.10. 这是我们过去经常去的那家餐厅。

This is the restaurant that we used to go to frequently.练习二：英译汉1. The cat that is sleeping on the sofa is mine.那只正在沙发上睡觉的猫是我的。

汉译英练习翻译1：考查固定句式1. 李平昨晚花了半小时做功课。

2. 那所新学校美丽得像个大花园。

3. 当球迷们看到贝克汉姆的时候，他们如此激动以至于大喊大叫。

4. 秋天的天气不冷也不热。

5. 你最好脱掉你的外套。

6. 她不仅会说英语，还会说汉语。

7. 我认为这所房子不够大。

8. 他跑得如此之快，以至于我都赶不上他。

9. 昨晚玛丽11点才睡觉。

10. 建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多时间。

11. 外面正在下大雨，你最好呆在家里。

12. 我想能尽快看到他。

13. 如果今晚他们外出散步，我也去。

14. 孩子们对科学越来越感兴趣了。

15. 他是一个好人，与每个人都相处得很好。

16. 她和我都不正确。

17. 我们觉得晚上出去是危险的。

18. 我认为在短时间内学好一门外语很难。

19. 趁公共汽车去那里需要我们20分钟。

20. 在强烈的光线下看书不好。

21. 每个人都保持健康是很重要的。

22.他说得太快了，别人听不懂。

23. 天气如此寒冷，以至于我们都呆在家里。

24. 你最好不要在早饭时间去看他。

翻译2：考查词形变换1. 今天的报纸上有什么重要内容吗？2. 这座山没有你想象的那么危险。

3. 第九课在第九十页。

4. 街道的两边有好几家儿童鞋店。

5. 最近的医院离此地也有大约十公里远。

6. 你的书和我的不一样。

7. 随着科学的发展，计算机将得到更广泛的应用。

8. 这是一场如此重要的球赛，我们不能不观看。

翻译3：考查时态与语态1. 这位外国朋友来中国已经半年了。

2. 我到火车站时，火车开走了。

3. 你曾到过西山农场吗？4. 老师要求我们保持教室的清洁和安静。

5. 熊猫在我国受到很好的照顾。

6. 一位外籍老师正在我校演讲。

7. 近五年来在西昌已经发射了几颗人造卫星。

翻译4：考查交际用语1. 向右转，你就会看到一间绿树环绕的屋子。

2. 喝杯咖啡怎么样？3. 请问，去火车站怎么走？4. 这儿天气很热，为什么不出去散散步？5. 我很高兴又在这儿见到你。

汉译英练习题Chinese to English Translation ExerciseIn recent years, more and more people in China have started learning English. As a result, there is an increasing demand for translations from Chinese to English. To help improve your translation skills, here are three practice exercises for you to work on.Exercise 1:中国是一个拥有悠久历史和丰富文化的国家。

中华文明的发展可以追溯到数千年前的古代。

中国有着独特的音乐、绘画、戏剧、舞蹈等艺术形式，这些都是中华文化的瑰宝。

此外，中国的建筑、服饰、传统节日等也深受世界各地的人们喜爱。

Translation 1:China is a country with a long history and rich culture. The development of Chinese civilization can be traced back to ancient times thousands of years ago. China has unique art forms such as music, painting, drama, and dance, which are all treasures of Chinese culture. In addition, Chinese architecture, clothing, and traditional festivals are also beloved by people from all over the world.Exercise 2:中国菜是世界上最受欢迎的菜系之一。

汉译英1．他单独一人，但他并不觉得寂寞。

（alone，lonely）2．谁是你们的班主任？（in charge of）3．他们是我们的同龄人。

（of one’s own age）4．这个月底我们将学完第一单元。

（at the end of）5．九月我们开始了高中的学习。

（start…education）6．她的笑使我们心情舒畅。

（feel comfortable）7．别紧张，再试一试。

（nervous）8．他环顾四周，但什么也没有看到。

（look around）9．汤姆进来时，我们正在聊天。

（chat）10．我们正在看墙上的课程表，老师进来了。

（when）11．新教材和旧教材有很大差异。

（different from）12．这次考试比我原来想像的难得多。

（much more）13．外宾们惊奇地看到上海有那么多高楼。

（be surprised to）14．饭后出去散步如何？（What about）15．因为他身体不舒服，我就决定一个人去了。

（as…without）16．这些天我们很忙，没空玩。

（no time for）17．大多数年轻人喜欢听流行音乐。

（be fond of）18．今天天气怎样？（like）19．北京有那么多地方可参观。

（visit）20．老师在树下休息，而孩子们在草地上踢球。

（while）21．他经常不去上学。

（absent）22．他救了那个溺水的孩子真勇敢。

（brave）23．他们不顾自己的安危冲进了火里。

（with no thought for）24．在一二天内学好英语是不可能的。

（in a day or two）25．当她看见孩子不见了，她惊慌地叫了起来。

（in fear）26．我昨天确实做作业了。

（do）27．警察抓住了小偷的手臂。

（catch）28．你看上去很疲倦，昨天晚上睡得好吗？（look）29．当医生到达时，那个人已经苏醒了。

（by the time）30．昨天我回来时，父母已吃过晚饭了。

英汉翻译练习11.She has made a reputation for herself through hard work.2.He has the reputation of being a blood-sucker.3.There is no wealth above the wealth of health.4.She fears no one as nothing.5.Our lives were so interdependent, dependent on every manknowing his job, that no lack of enthusiasm was tolerated, and that no one who was lackadaisical remained uncriticized and uncondemned.6.The early years of my life in an out-of-the-way village were fulland enjoyable, isolated but not lonely.7.He seems to be a changed man. Now he is understanding,forgiving of people and ready to help.8.After a sleepless night, during which Joe smoked a whole pack ofcigarettes, his eyes were blood-shot, and his breath smelled of tobacco.9.Very straightforward by nature, Mrs. Franck believes in speakingher mind.10.Cigarettes are the death of me. I became acquaintance with mykiller when I was 14.11.A miss is as good as a mile.12.My first marriage survived many storm s—from within andwithout—but no turbulence can compare to the agony of being becalmed. Like the Ancient Mariner, I inhabit “a painted ship on the painted sea”.Keys1.她勤奋工作为自己赢得了声誉。

六年级英语语法练习-汉译英(1)(含答案解析)六年级英语语法练-汉译英（1）（含答案解析）1.那些老太太经常在大树下聊天。

The old _______ often ________________________ under the tree .2.你们长得很像吗？是的。

Do you look _____ _____? Yes.3.我姐姐比我大三岁。

My sister is _______ ______ _______ than me .4.谁的书包重一些，你的还是我的？_______ schoolbag is heavier , yours or _______ ?5.她想有一天来拜访我。

She ______ to ______ ____ one day .6.课后我喜欢和朋友聊天。

_______ class I like _______ with friends .7.你们班里谁善于画画？XXXWho ______________in _______ in your ______? John_____.8.十一点四十五了。

是吃中饭的时候了。

It‟s a quarter _____________. It‟s ____________________ lunch.9．和他们一起做模型飞机怎么样？What about ______ a ______ plane _____ them?10.-她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？-不，她比他瘦。

-_______ ________ as _________ as ________ twin _______?-No, _________ _________ than him.11.谁比XXX强壮？是XXX。

Who____ __________ ______ Mike ? Wang Bing ______ .12.他比他的双胞胎哥哥小非常钟。

He is ten _______ __________ than his ______ brother .13.XXX和XXX一样大。

汉英翻译练习作业-标准化文件发布号：（9456-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII单句类1. 直译与意译 (literal translation vs. free/liberal translation)1.怕什么呢？死了张屠夫，还有李屠夫，人多得很。

2.这事就败在你手里了。

3.不料半路杀出一个程咬金。

4.她不分青红皂白，乱交朋友。

5.爸爸，感谢您对我们的爱，您的辛勤工作让我和妈妈衣食无忧。

6.约翰为人可靠。

他既忠实又正直。

7.管它三七二十一，先吃个饱再说。

8.我对他简直佩服得五体投地。

9.他吓得屁滚尿流。

10.你让我倒了八辈子霉。

11.她生长在富贵之家。

12.她怕碰一鼻子灰，话到了嘴边，又把它吞了下去。

13.他吃了大败仗。

14.人生有苦也有甜。

15.酒逢知己千杯少，话不投机半句多。

16.他是“外甥打灯笼——照舅（照旧）”。

17.这项研究发现，青年妇女由于抽烟和缺乏运动，将大大缩短自己的寿命。

18.露丝一刻不得消停，弄得别的孩子很无语，我就把她撵了出去。

19.我妹妹又去减肥中心了。

20.江山易改，本性难移。

2. 省词法 (omission)1.他在我不知道的情况下私自拿走了那东西。

2.此新产品耐寒、耐旱、适合在北方生长。

3.大家都必须杜绝在工作中的浪费现象。

4.这些问题就是他提出的关于保护稀有动物的问题。

5.台湾海峡两岸的中国人都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。

6.如果你觉得合适就干，不合适就别干，你自个儿看着办吧。

7.他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发灰白稀疏。

8.他吃了点东西，喝了点酒，因为他疲惫不堪了。

9.他说，“谁也不能指望他采取克制或讲道理的态度。

”10.多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象。

11.他把事情一五一十地都讲给父母听了。

12.我们党结束了那个时期物价混乱的局面。

13.事发二十个小时以内，他都处于昏迷状态。

14.至今这位老将军都还记得当年邓政委请他到家作客的情形。

高三英语总复习之二重点句型翻译练习一、It句型：用it翻译下列句子1.40年前，双方就是在这间屋子里签订这项协议的。

（It）2.直到我看了他的信我才知道那件事的全部情况。

（It）3.正是由于他说这本字典很好我才去买的。

（It ）4.做那样的工作很难保持自尊。

(It)5.经过了这么多年,你想消除你们之间的分歧谈何容易。

（It）.6.她不向我们打声招呼就走了,这是非常不礼貌的。

（It）7.你在这样短的时间内把英语学得这么好，真是令人吃惊。

（surprising）8.和这样没有礼貌的人争辩是毫无用处的。

（注意：可以用这种句型的词有：no use, no good,useless, dangerous, senseless, a waste of time, worthwhile）9.报道说数以百计愤怒的人们昨天下午袭击了他的住宅。

(可以这样用的词还有：announce/said / believe/ thought/ expect/ know/ decide 等)10.自从上次我们在天安门广场见面后三年已经过去了。

11.当我得到他在死于车祸的消息时几经是圣诞之夜了。

（It）12.据报道这次会议对于以后的决定是至关重要的。

（critical）13.过不了多久我们就要从这所学校毕业了。

(before)14.不久，一架直升飞机飞到现场，来搭救失事飞机的幸存者。

（before）15.还要至少两三个月你才可能像往常那样走路（before）16.他以前从来没想到会爱上一个来自美国的女孩。

17.碰巧他的同学和老师们都在那座新建的大楼里。

（happen）18.修建这样的大桥一般至少要花两到三年的时间（take）19.我觉得在如此短的时间内完成如此巨大的工程简直是不可能的。

（possible）20.看来他好像已经知道了这个消息，不过你最好还是亲自告诉他。

（seem）二、用with 结构翻译下列句子（注意：常见的with 结构有：1）with sb./sth.+ adj. 2) with sb./sth.+adv 3）with sb./sth.+present participle 4）with sb./sth.+past participle 5) with sb./sth.+infinitive 6) with sb./sth.+prep.)1.有那么多人听他讲话，他感到很紧张。

英译汉课后练习作业1 参考答案1.She succeeded to a large property.她事业有成，获得了一大笔财产。

她继承了一大笔财产。

2. This failure was the making of him.这次失败是他造成的。

这次失败是他成功的基础。

3. Y our loss is nothing to mine.你的损失和我无关。

你的损失和我的相比真算不上什么。

4. I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting myself to a total stranger with the announcement that I was going to sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky, till another boat came in to take me to the port for which I was bound.我要去见一个素不相识的陌生人，向他宣布我得睡在他的屋顶下、吃他的食物、喝他的威士忌，一直等到下一班船的到来，把我带到我要去的港口为止——想到这儿，我真有点不好意思了。

我要去见一个素不相识的陌生人，向他宣布我得住在他家、吃他的、喝他的，一直等到下一班船的到来，把我带到我要去的港口为止——想到这儿，我真有点不好意思了。

1. 错误和挫折教训了我们，使我们比较地聪明起来了，我们的事情就办的比较好一些。

The mistakes we committed and the setbacks we experienced have taught us lessons and made us wiser, therefore we can handle our affairs better.Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handle our affairs better.2. 因为一连几天在下雨，他只得呆在家里。

英汉互译练习(1)1. Translating the following two passages, paying attention to Note.提示：练习有关Tools for Translation（翻译的工具）。

英译汉中，用字典、电子辞书、网络词典、网络引擎（google等）等多种翻译工具查询相关的文化背景、弄清楚关键词语的确切意思，从而帮助理解原文。

汉译英中，用各种翻译工具查询所翻译的词语并验证其英译用法的正确性和通顺流畅。

注意英英单语词典是了解英语词语的精确意义的最好方法，英汉词典则帮助选择汉语译文，但不能一味依靠词典的汉语翻译。

1）第三周上课时交作业The story1of English is typically one of massive stealing from other languages. But how did the language of a small island off the coast of Europe become the language of the planet –more widely spoken and written than any other has ever been2?The English composite character betrays3 a mixed origin. In the simplest terms, the making of English is the story of three invasions and a cultural revolution4. The language5was brought to Britain by Germanic tribes, the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes6,influenced by Latin and Greek when St. Augustine and his followers converted England to Christianity, subtly7enriched by the Danes8, and finally transformed by the French-speaking Normans.From the beginning, English was a crafty hybrid, made in war and peace. It was, in the words of Daniel Defoe, “your9Roman-Saxon-Danish-Norman English”. In the course of one thousand years, a series of violent and dramatic events created a new language which, by the time of Geoffrey Chaucer, was intelligent to modern eyes and ears10without the aid of subtitles.The English have always accepted the mixed blood of their language. There was11 a vague understanding that they were part of a European language family, but it was not until the 18th century that a careful investigation by a gifted amateur linguist began to decipher the true extent of this common heritage.2) 第四周上课时交作业三只小猪居无定所，有时在朋友家里过夜，有时在野外露宿，甚是缺乏安全。

翻译练习册英译汉练习I．Sentences for TranslationDiction1. Needing some light to see by, the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade. 夜贼需要一点亮光来辨识四周，于是轻步穿过房间，去点亮带有浅绿色灯罩的灯。

2. " I got on horseback within ten minutes after I got your letter. When I got to Canterbury, I got a chaise for town, but I got wet through, and have got such a cold that I shall not get rid of it in a hurry. I got to the Treasury about noon, but first of all got shaved and dressed. I soon got into the secret of getting a memorial before the Board, but I could not get an answer then; however I got intelligence from a messenger that I should get one next morning..."“接来函后，不到10分钟，我骑马动身了。

到达坎特布里，换乘四轮马车进镇，但一场雨把我浑身淋湿，患了重感冒，—时不能痊愈。

大约中午到达财政部，要做的第—件事，就是刮脸换衣。

不久，打听到在委员会前树碑的内情。

可是我尚未得到答复，不过从送信者口里获悉，翌日上午会得到的。

01. 有他这颗扫帚星，什么事情都办不成。

[误] With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished.02.萝卜青菜，各有所爱。

[误] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.03.他一向嘴硬，从不认错。

[误] He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.04.老师很喜欢这个嘴甜的小姑娘。

[误] The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much.05.同学们都很讨厌他，因为他经常拍老师的马屁。

[误] The student all dislike him because he often pats the teacher’s ass.06.你听说了吗？迈克把他的女朋友给甩了。

[误] Have you ever heard that Mike broke up with his girlfriend.07.我们要把祖国建设成为社会主义的现代化强国。

[误] We will build our motherland into a socialist modern powerful country.08.人都是这山望着那山高，对自己的现状没有满意的时候。

[误] Almost all people think that the other mountain is higher than the one he’s standing on. They never feel satisf ied with what they’ve already got.09.中华人民共和国主席[误] Chairman of the People’s Republic of China10.转战南北[误] fight south and north11.那本书毫无价值可言。

汉译英练习11. 委员会由七个人组成，其中包括两名妇女。

2. 人们越来越依赖计算机解决各种各样的问题。

3. 我不知道他们是怎么对付那些困难的。

4. 亨利和几百个他那样的青年谋求这个打字员的职位。

(apply for)5. 将研究成果应用到生产中去是很重要的。

6. 她的父母时常谈起他们在旧社会的苦难。

7. 玛丽结婚后不得不辞去工作。

(give up)8. 爱迪生失败了几千次以后才成功的制成了第一盏灯泡。

9. 我不想依靠父母，因为我已经是年轻人了。

10. 每个人都关心自己国家的前途。

参考答案：1. The committee is made up of seven people, including two women.2. People depend more and more on computers to solve problems of various kinds.3. I don't know how they cope with those difficulties.4. Henry and hundreds of young people like him applied for the post of typist.5. It is very important to apply the achievements in scientific research to production.6. Her parents often spoke of their sufferings in the old society.7. Mary had to give up her job after her marriage.8. Edison failed thousands of times before he succeeded in producing the first electric lamp.9. I don't want to be dependent on my parents, because I am already an adult. 10. Everybody is concerned about the future of his country.汉译英练习21. 作为一名护士，你应该对病人十分耐心。

1 翻译练习一英译汉一、将下列句子译成汉语1. Its more a poem than a picture. 2. He drank himself out of the best lines. 3. He pretends to be as modest as anything. 4. Fire goes wherever it can but it prefers to follow a draft. 5. The room was easily traced by the noise that was coming from it. 6. Taking care to pitch my voice to politeness I asked about the next bus to Hattiesburg. 7. If you feel depressed at a social gathering keep it a secret. 8. The bacteria pneumonia may complicate influenza at both extremes of age. 9. He wants a lawyer who understands his case who sympathizes with him and who has been there himself. 10. World-famous for his works he was never personally well known for throughout his life he avoided publicity. 11. She couldnt have come at a better time.12. She has been a widow only six months. 13. I believe the speech was needlessly stubborn. 14. The Macedonian argument has a Greek dimension too. 15. The Englishman feels no less deeply than any other nationality. 16. From a physical standpoint there ought to be as many colours as there are different wave lengths. 2 17. But the next century well be able to alter our DNA radically encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms. 18. As a human being we should demonstrate our intellectual and moral superiority by respecting others for who they are -- instead of rejecting them forwho/what they are not. 19. He who idles away the time is nothing but a living death. 20. No greater misfortune befalls a country than to be governed by a tyrant. 21. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession. 22. The expectation of collision informed British frontier policy in this period. 23. Every day now the suppression of truth and the organizing of public ignorance shame journalism. 24. I walked to the ticket counter. When the ticket-seller saw me her otherwise attractive face turned sour violently so. 25. Accident may put a decisive blunderer in the right but eternal defeat and miscarriage must attend the man of the best parts if cursed with indecision. 26. In their rush these companies have neglected the hardest part of doing business in China: the people part. The result is that many have jeopardized their performance in the long run. 27. Let it deceive them then a little longer it can not deceive them too much. 28. We shall never get anywhere with all the criticism and fault finding. I 3 believe in the principle quotLive and let livequot. 29. He said that no one could beat him at tennis but he had to eat his word after losing several games. 30. I had read too many novels and had learned too much at school not to know a good deal about love. 31. In fact one office-system expert recently said that he had yet to encounter a business work place that was functioning at more than 60 percent efficiency. 32. Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in advertisement any more than he expects a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings and serious faults. 33. There is probably no better way for a foreigner or an Englishman to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it. 34. We are human and human beings are far from perfect. To be human implies that we will make mistakes. But its more than that we feel human. We now feel entitled. 35. She showered us with telegrams. 36. Your comment is more bravely made than correct. 37. The man more dead than alive was brought in and locked in the cellar. 38. Civility is not a sign of weakness and sincerity is always subject to proof. 39. There was something original independent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them. 4 40. It was a dry cold hand and the grip was severe with more a feeling of bones in it than friendliness. 二、将下列语段译成汉语1. Transplant surgeons work miracles. They take organs from one body and integrate them into another granting the lucky recipient a longer better life.Sadly every year thousands of other people are less fortunate dying while they wait for suitable organs to be found. The terrible constraint on organ transplantation is that every life extended depends on the death of someone young enough and healthy enough to have organs worth transplanting. Such donors are few. The waiting lists are long and getting longer. 2. Freedom from this constraint is the dream of every transplant surgeon. So far attempts to make artificial organs have been disappointing: nature is hard to mimic. Hence the renewed interest in trying to use organs from animals. 3. Doctors in India have just announced that they have successfully transplanted a heart from a pig into a person. Pressure to increase the number of such xenotransplants异种器官移植seems to be growing. In Europe and America herds of pigs are being specially bred and genetically engineered for organ donation. During 1996 at least two big 5 reports on the subject -- one in Europe and one in America -- were published. They agreed that xenotransplants were permissible on ethical groundsand cautiously recommended that they be allowed. Americas Food and Drug Administration has already published draft guidelines for xenotransplantation. 4. The ethics of xenotransplantation are relatively unworrying. People already kill pigs both for food and for sport killing them to save a human life seems if anything easier to justify. However the science of xenotransplantation is much less straightforward. 5. Ill never forget the feeling I got one winter night as I walked the deserted streets after many grueling hours at the hospital. I suddenly realized that I no longer felt tense or tired. All the worries about my patients illnesses as well as my own personal cares seemed to evaporate as quickly as the smoky vapor of my breath in the frosty night. As I incorporated walking into my schedule not only were my spirits lifted but my weight and blood pressure were gradually reduced. I began reviewing the medical literature on walking. From this research and my clinical observations as a family physician I found that it is possible to walk your way to better health a trimmer body and a longer life -- no matter what your age. 6 翻译练习一英译汉参考答案一、将下列句子译成汉语 1. 与其说那是一幅画不如说那是一首诗。

My father was a middle-class black. Though he was born poor, he achieved middle-class standing through much hard work and sacrifice (one of his favorite words) and by identifying fully with solid middle-class values—mainly hard work, family life, property ownership, and education for his children (all four of whom have advanced degrees). In his mind these were not so much values as laws of nature. People who embodied them made up the positive images in his class identification. The negative images came largely from the blacks he had left behind because they were “going nowhere.”我父亲是一名中产阶级黑人。

尽管他出身贫穷，但是他通过勤奋、牺牲（他的口头禅之一）和恪守中产阶级价值观念其主要内容包括：努力工作，注重家庭生活，拥有财产，让孩子接受良好教育(现在他的四个孩子都拥有硕士以上学位），取得了中产阶级社会地位。

并且在我父亲看来，与其说这些是价值观念倒不如说它们是自然法则。

在父亲的价值观认同上，履行这些价值观念的人构成了他积极效仿的正面形象；他批评的反面形象则大部分来自于底层黑人，因为他们在社会中碌碌无为。

Whether I live up to these values or not, I know that my acceptance of them is the result of lifelong conditioning. I know also that I share this conditioning with middle-class people of all races and that I can no more easily be free of it than I canbe free of my race. For the middle-class black, conditioned by these values from birth, the sense of meaning they provide is as immutable as the color of his skin.无论我自己是否践行这些价值观念，可是我知道我对它们的接受是长期熏陶教育的结果。