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新编国际货运代理专业英语（2015年版）讲义含英文翻译和真题详解Unit3Formalities for Import and Export Cargo【基本要求】1．熟悉：Inspection and Quarantine2．掌握：Customs Clearance【考试内容】1．Customs Clearance（1）Declaration（2）Document-checking（3）Cargo-examination（4）Duty-paying（5）Cargo-release.2．Inspection and Quarantine（1）Inspection and Quarantine Agencies（2）Objects Subject to Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine（3）Documents required for Inspection and Quarantine（4）Inspection and Quarantine Procedures【大纲详解】一、清关课文：Customs clearance measures mainly include declaration, document-checking,duty-paying,cargo-examination and cargo-release.译文：清关主要包括申报、接单审核、征收税费、货物查检和货物放行。
【例题3.1•多选题】Customs clearance in the import-export trade is one of the traditional functions of a freight forwarder.Customs clearance measures mainly include（）。
A．declarationB．document-checkingC．duty-payingD．cargo-examination【答案】ABCD【解析】清关主要包括申报（declaration）、接单审核（document-checking）、征收税费（duty-paying）、货物查检（cargo-examination）和货物放行（cargo-release）。
国际货运代理《新编国际货运代理专业英语》过关必做习题集MarineCargoTransportaUnit5Marine Cargo Transportation一、单项选择题（以下各小题所给出的4个选项中，只有1项最符合题目要求，请将正确选项的代码填入括号内）1．The ocean bill of lading serves as evidence of the contract of carriage of goods（）.[2014年真题]A．by roadB．by railC．by airD．by sea【答案】D【解析】海运提单的作用包括：①它是承运人应托运人的要求所签发的货物收据，表明承运人已按提单所列内容收到货物；②它是一种货物所有权的凭证；③它是承运人与托运人之间订立的海上货物运输合同的证明。
2．There are several forms of bills of lading such as straight bill of lading, shipped bill of lading,clean bill of lading and order bill of lading etc.（）confirms that the goods are actually loaded on board the vessel.[2014年真题] A．Straight bill of lading B．Shipped bill of ladingC．Clean bill of ladingD．Order bill of lading【答案】B【解析】“已装船提单”是指承运人在货物已经装上指定船舶后所签发的提单。
A项，记名提单是指提单上的收货人栏内填明特定收货人名称的提单；C项，清洁提单是指货物在装船时表面状况良好，承运人在提单上不带有明确宣称货物受损及／或包装有缺陷状况的不良批注的提单；D项，指示提单是指提单上的收货人栏内填写“凭指示”（to order）或“凭某某人指示”（to the order of…）字样的提单。
国际货运代理专业英语 Unit 11 Marine Cargo Insurance一、Principles of Marine Cargo Insurance 海上货物保险的原则 (考试重点)1-1 课文： The marine cargo insurance is based on the principles of insurable interest, utmost good faith, and indemnity.注释：be based on: 基于 principle: 原则 insurable interest: 保险利益(interest: 一般意义是“兴趣，爱好”，在这里是“利益,权益”之意，在银行业务中我们常用“利息”这个词意) utmost good faith: 最大(高)诚信(utmost: 最大的，最高的;faith: 信任，信用，good faith: 真诚，善意) indemnity: 赔偿，补偿这句话的大致意思是：海上货物保险是基于保险利益的原则, 最大诚信原则和赔偿原则1-2 课文：No contract of marine insurance is valid unless the assured has an insurable interest in the subject matter insured at the time of loss.注释：(the)assured: 确定的，保证的(在这里引申为“被保险人”)subject matter insured: 保险标的 at the time of : 在...时候这句话的大致意思是：只有在被保险人的保险标的有损失时，海运保险合同才会生效。
1-3 课文：Cargo Insurance is a contract of indemnity, that is, to compensate for the loss of damage in terms of the value of the insured goods.注释：that is：即，就是，换句话说compensate: 赔偿，补偿in terms of : 按照，根据，在...方面value: 价值这句话大致的意思是：货物保险是一种补偿合同，即按照被保险货物的价值对它的损失进行赔偿。
新编国际货运代理专业英语New International Freight Forwarding Professional EnglishUnit 1 Introduction to International Freight Forwarding1.1 Definition and Functions of International Freight Forwarding 1.2 Main Participants in International Freight Forwarding1.3 Types of International Freight Forwarding Services1.4 Overview of International Trade and TransportationUnit 2 Documentation in International Freight Forwarding2.1 Bill of Lading and Its Types2.2 Air Waybill2.3 Consignment Note2.4 Packing List2.5 Certificate of OriginUnit 3 Transportation Modes in International Freight Forwarding 3.1 Sea Freight Transportation3.2 Air Freight Transportation3.3 Road Freight Transportation3.4 Rail Freight Transportation3.5 Multimodal TransportationUnit 4 Customs Clearance in International Freight Forwarding 4.1 Customs Regulations and Procedures4.2 Import and Export Declarations4.3 Tariffs and Duties4.4 Customs Duty Calculation4.5 Customs Exemptions and Special ProgramsUnit 5 Logistics Management in International Freight Forwarding 5.1 Supply Chain Management5.2 Inventory Management5.3 Warehousing and Distribution5.4 Risk Management in Logistics5.5 Emerging Trends in LogisticsUnit 6 International Trade Terms and Incoterms6.1 International Trade Terms and Definitions6.2 Incoterms - International Commercial Terms6.3 Incoterms 2020 Updates and Changes6.4 Role of Incoterms in International Freight Forwarding6.5 Case Studies of Incoterms UsageUnit 7 International Finance and Payment in Freight Forwarding 7.1 Trade Financing Methods7.2 Letters of Credit7.3 Documentary Collections7.4 Documentary Credits and UCP 6007.5 Payment Methods and Risk MitigationUnit 8 Insurance and Claims in International Freight Forwarding 8.1 Marine Insurance and Coverage8.2 Cargo Insurance Policies and Terms8.3 Claims Handling and Procedures8.4 Claims Settlement and Compensation8.5 Dispute Resolution MechanismsUnit 9 Quality Management in International Freight Forwarding 9.1 Quality Assurance and Quality Control9.2 ISO 9001 Certification9.3 Process Improvement in Freight Forwarding9.4 Key Performance Indicators for Freight Forwarding9.5 Customer Satisfaction and FeedbackUnit 10 Emerging Technologies in International Freight Forwarding10.1 Digitalization and Automation in Logistics10.2 Internet of Things (IoT) in Freight Forwarding10.3 Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain10.4 Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Logistics10.5 Future Perspectives and Challenges in Freight Forwarding。
国际货运代理专业英语 Unit 15 Multimodal Transport一、多式联运的定义(考试重点)1-1 课文：Multimodal transport refers to a transport system usually operated by a carrier with more than one mode of transport under the control or ownership of one operator. (多式联运的定义，掌握)注释：multimodal transport: 多式联运 refer to: 查阅，提到，谈到 transport system: 运输系统，运输方法 operate: 营运 carrier: 承运人 mode: 模式，方式，样式control: 控制 ownership: 所有权，物主身份 operator: 营运人课文意思：多式联运是指由一个多式联运经营人控制或所有由一个承运人运营的使用两个或两个以上的运输方式的运输系统。
1-2 课文：Goods moving in international trade often have to pass through the hands of more than one carrier and over more than one mode of transport.注释：international trade: 国际贸易 pass through: 经过，通过课文意思：货物运输在国际贸易中通常会经手几个承运人并且要通过两个以上的运输方式才能完成。
1-3 课文：Under the conventional system of segmented transport, the consignor enters into separate contracts with each carrier, the liability of each carrier being limited to the carriage performed by him.注释：conventional: 常规的，传统的，惯例的 segmented transport: 分段运输(segmented: 分段的，区段的) consignor: 托运人，发货人 enter into: 缔结 separate: 分开的，不同的 liability: 责任，义务 be limited to: 受...限制，限制于... perform: 履行，执行课文意思：在传统的分段运输中，发货人/托运人需要与每个区段的承运人签订单独的运输合同，各区段承运人所承担的责任又受限于该承运人实际履行的情况。
判断题 1. In international trade, a country can import goods that make intensive use of the factor of production, instead of importing the factor of production. ( ) 2. Inherent vice or nature of the insured goods are not covered both in WA and All Risks coverage.( ) 3. The date marked on the B/L is the date on which the carrier takes delivery of the goods. ( ) 4. The air freight charges may be determined either by weight or weight plus volume. ( ) 5. According UCP600, the words “till”, “after”, “from” applying to any date or period in the credit referring to shipment will be understood to include the date mentioned. ( ) 6. Tramp service is a carrier who operates a regular scheduled service. The vessels are usually chartered at negotiated rates, particularly when the quantity of cargo is large.( ) 7. The air waybill is the document of title for the goods and can be transferred to the third party by endorsement.( ) 8. The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination under FOB trade term. ( ) 9. The Voyage chartering party includes the payment of dispatch and demurrage. ( ) 10. The standard for examination of documents by the banks is reasonable time not exceeding 7 banking days.( ) 参考答案：1.正确2.正确3.错4.正确5.错6.错7.错8.错9.正确10.错 选择题 11. A shipment of fresh egg is transported to the docks by an exporter on an FOB contract. The eggs are broken by a crane falling them as they are awaiting to be loaded on board. The ___ should be liable for the damage. () A. seller B. buyer C. ship owner D. freight forwarder 12. 100 sewing machines under CIF shanghai are being shipped onto the ship and the rope breaks. The goods finish up at the bottom of the dock and divers are sent down. The recovery and repair of goods costs a great of money. The ___ should be responsible for the damage. () A. ship owner B. buyer C. seller D. freight forwarder 13. According to INCOTERMS 2000, which group of the following trade terms mean that the seller must contract for the carriage of the goods to the named port (or place ) of destination?____ () A. FOB/CFR/CIF B. FCA/CPT/CFR C. FOB/FCA/CIP D. CFR/CPT/CIF 14. Under the FOB term, the risk of loss or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when goods pass the ship’s rail in the ____. () A. port of shipment B. place of shipment C. port of destination D. place of destination 15. Under the CFR term, the seller must, in addition, pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the ____ , when he delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him. () A. named place B. named destination C. any place D. named port of destination 16. According to INCOTERMS 2000, under which group of the following trade terms is the seller required to bear the risk of loss of or damage to the goods when the goods pass the ship’s rail ?() A. FCA/CFR/CIP B. FCA/CPT/CFR C. FOB/CFR/CIF D. CFR/CPT/CIF 17. When applying to CIF, the expression of ocean bill of lading freight is ____. () A. freight prepaid B. freight collect C. freight paid D. freight unpaid 18. Which of the following trade terms can be adopted supposing the shipment will be from Chengdu (Sichuan Province) to Hamburg? () A. CIF B. CFR C. FCA D. CPT 19. When the goods arrive at the port of destination, _____ issue an Arrival Notice to inform the Notify Party about the cargo discharge point and other information. () A. shipper B. carrier C. receiver D. ship owner 20. Under FCA, if delivery occurs at the seller’s premises, who is responsible for unloading the goods according to the contract of sale____. () A. seller B. buyer C. carrier D. freight forwarder 参考答案：11.A12.C13.D14.A15.D16.C17.A18.CD19.B 20.B。
国际货运代理专业英语 Unit 2 Scope of Freight Forwarding Service1-1 课文：Originally, a freight forwarder was a commission agent performing on behalf of the exporter/importer routine tasks such as loading/unloading of goods, storage of goods, arranging local transport, obtaining payment for his customer, etc…这句话是比较长，一句一段，核心句子：.....a freight forwarder was a commission agent performing on behalf of the exporter/importer routine tasks....freight forwarder 货运代理人commission agent 委托代理人on behalf of 代表....routine tasks 日常工作loading/unloading of goods 装载/卸载货物storage of goods 货物存放，货物存储这句话大致意思是：最开始，货运代理是进出口商的委托代理人，替进出口商做一些常规事务，比如装载/卸载货物，货物的存储，安排地方运输….1-2 课文：However, the expansion of international trade and the development of different modes of transport over the years that followed enlarged the scope of his services.核心句子：....A and B enlarged the scope of his services.A 是指：expansion of international trade 国际贸易的扩大B 是指：development of different modes of transport 不同运输方式的发展：Over the years that followed 在随后的几年里;international trade: 国际贸易modes of transport: 运输方式这句话大致意思是：在以后的几年里，国际贸易的扩大和不同运输方式的发展加大了货运代理的服务范围。
国际货运代理专业英语 Unit 12 Customs and Port Procedures一、课文序言介绍1-1 课文：Customs clearance in the import-export trade is one of the traditional functions of a freight forwarder. A freight forwarder should have a working knowledge of procedures prevalent in ports in order to provide an efficient service to clients.注释：customs clearance: 结关，清关，通关import-export trade: 进出口贸易traditional: 传统的，惯例的 function: 功能，作用，职责 working knowledge: 能够实际应用的 procedure: 程序，手续 prevalent: 普遍的，流行的 efficient: 有效率的，生效的 client: 客户课文意思：在进出口贸易中，清关是货运代理的一项传统职能。
货运代理应了解各港口常见的手续以便为客户提供高效的服务。
1-2 课文：The basic customs laws or regulations applicable to the arrival and departure of ships and to goods imported or exported are more or less the same in most countries although they may differ in procedural and documentary details.注释：customs laws: 海关法规 regulation: 规则，规章 applicable: 适用的arrival: 到港 departure: 离港 more or less: 或多或少 differ: 不同，不一致procedural and documentary details: 程序和文件的细节课文意思：尽管各国在程序和文件的细节上可能会有不同，但在许多国家，对于船舶的到港和离港适用的基本的海关法规或多或少总有相同之处。
国际货运代理专业英语 Unit 9 Marine Bills of Lading一、 General concept of Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单的一般概念 (考试重点)1-1 课文：Marine Bills of lading are used primarily in international sales of goods where the carriage of goods is by sea.注释：marine bills of lading: 海运提单 primarily: 首先，起初，主要地international sales of goods: 国际货物的销售 carriage: 运输课文意思：海运提单主要用于国际货物销售的海上运输中。
1-2 课文：Definitions of the Bill of Lading vary from country to country. Broadly, the bill of lading has been defined as receipt for goods shipped on board a ship, signed by the person (or his agent) contracts to carry them, and stating the terms on which the goods were delivered to and received by the ship.(海运提单的定义，掌握)注释：definition: 定义 vary from: 不同 broadly: 宽广地，广泛, 总体而言on board: 在船上 stating: 陈述，申明课文意思：每个国家对于提单的定义各有不同。
总体而言，提单是货物装船的收据;它由达成货物运输协议的承运人签字，上有货物送到船上及被船方接收的条款。
国际货运代理专业英语Unit 5 Terms of Shipment in The Contracts for the International Sales of Goods一、装运时间的规定1-1 课文：When buyer and seller discuss the terms of the contract, terms of shipment are compulsory.注释：discuss: 讨论，协商 terms of contract: 合同条款 terms of shipment: 装运条款 compulsory: 必须的，强迫的这句话的大致意思是：当买卖双方讨论合同条款是，装运条款是必不可少的。
1-2 课文：Terms of shipment include methods of transport, time of shipment, partial shipment and transshipment, port or place of loading and unloading, shipment documents, etc. Here only time of shipment will be discussed.核心句：Terms of shipment include...注释：methods of transport: 运输方式 time of shipment: 装运时间 partial shipment: 分批装运 transshipment: 转船 shipment documents: 装运单据在贸易合同中必须明确规定是否分批装运，是否转船，如果没有明确规定，则视为允许分批装运或者转船这句话大致意思是：装运条款包括运输方式，装运时间，分批装运和转船的规定，装货和卸货的港口或者地方，装运单据，等等。
这里需要协商的是装运的时间。
1-3课文: Time of shipment refers to the time limit for loading the goods on board the vessel at port of shipment (If shipment is made by sea.).注释：limit: 规定，约束，限制on board the vessel: 装上船这句话大致意思是：装船时间是指规定货物在装运港码头装上船的时间(海运条件下)一、规定装运时间的几种方式及其说明(考试重点)：2-1 合同中常用来规定装运时间的几种方式：1. Shipment on or about June.20, 2002. 于或约于2002年6月20日装运2. Shipment not later than July 31st, 2002. Or, Latest shipment date: July 31st, 2002. 装运时间不迟于2002年7月31日，或者最迟装运期为：2002年7月31日注释:no later than...: 不迟于...; latest: 最迟的3. Shipment to be made during Jun/July, 2002. 在2002年6月/7月期间装船4. Shipment within 15 days after receipt of remittance. 收到汇款后15日之内装船。
Unit4Marine Cargo Insurance一、单项选择题（以下各小题所给出的4个选项中，只有1项最符合题目要求，请将正确选项的代码填入括号内）1．The All Risks as per Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the PICC does not cover （）.[2014年真题]A．general averageB．inherent vice of the insured goodsC．salvage chargesD．partial loss and damage resulting from natural calamities【答案】B【解析】对海洋运输货物保险的三种基本险别（平安险、水渍险、一切险），保险公司有下列除外责任：①被保险人的故意行为或过失所造成的损失；②属于发货人责任所引起的损失；③在保险责任开始前，被保险货物已存在的品质不良或数量短差所造成的损失；④被保险货物的自然损耗、本质缺陷、特性以及市价跌落、运输延迟所引起的损失或费用；⑤属于海洋运输货物战争险条款和货物运输罢工险条款规定的责任范围和除外责任。
2．（）is an evidence of insurance contract issued by the insurer to the assured.[2014年真题]A．Insurance premiumB．Insurance policyC．Insurance principleD．Insurance interest【答案】B【解析】保险单是由保险人签发给被保险人的证明保险合同的凭证。
3．The All Risks of PICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses does not cover （）.[2013年真题]A．shortageB．leakage risksC．hook damage risksD．war risks【答案】D【解析】一切险所负责的险别包括平安险、水渍险和一般附加险。
国际货代英语完整讲义Unit1InternationalTrade 国际货运代理专业英语 Unit 1 International Trade英文原文:International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories.注释:exchange: 交换，汇兑 (另外常用的一个短语:foreign exchange: 外汇)border: 边(界, 缘, 境); 界线 territory: 领土, 领地, 版图, 地区, 活动范围中文意思:国际贸易是指跨越各国国境或领土的资本、货物和服务的交换活动。
2、国际贸易重要性的表现英文原文:In most countries, it represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP).注释:represent: 表现, 表示, 描绘, 讲述, 代表, 象征 significant: 重要的, 重大的, 值得注意的 share: 份额 gross domestic product: 国内生产总值中文意思:在大多数国家，国际贸易占国内生产总值很大的比重。
英文原文:While international trade has been present throughout much of history, its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries.注释:throughout: 遍及，贯穿 economic: 经济(上)的，经济学的 social: 社会的，社会上的 political: 政治上的，政治的 importance: 重要(性)，重要方面(意义)on the rise: 在上涨，在增长 recent: 近来的 century: 世纪中文意思:国际贸易在整个历史发展过程中也得到了体现，国际贸易在经济、社会、政治等方面的重要性在近几个世纪的发展中不断增长。
国际货运代理《新编国际货运代理专业英语》过关必做习题集FreightForwardingInduUnit1Freight Forwarding Industry一、单项选择题（以下各小题所给出的4个选项中，只有1项最符合题目要求，请将正确选项的代码填入括号内）1．If the consignor and the consignee themselves do not want to attend to any procedural anddocumentary formalities on the international cargo transport,the （）will on behalf ofthem undertake to process the movement of goods through the various stages involved．[2015年真题]A．importerB．notify partyC．freight forwarderD．exporter【答案】C【解析】货运代理人的职责之一就是代表发货人（出口商）或收货人，完成货物从出口国到进口国的运输。
2．It is usually the freight forwarder who undertakes on behalf of the consignor or the consignee,to process the movement of goods through the various stages involved.The consignor here normally refers to the（）.[2014年真题] A．exporterB．importerC．forwarderD．charterer【答案】A【解析】发货人通常是出口商。
货运代理人的职责之一就是代表发货人（出口商）或收货人，完成货物从出口国到进口国的运输。
Unit 1 Freight Forwarding Industry一、单项选择题（以下各小题所给出的4个选项中，只有1项最符合题目要求，请将正确选项的代码填入括号内）1．If the consignor and the consignee themselves do not want to attend to any procedural anddocumentary formalities on the international cargo transport, the （）will on behalf ofthem undertake to process the movement of goods through the various stages involved．[2015年真题]A．importerB．notify partyC．freight forwarderD．exporter【答案】C【解析】货运代理人的职责之一就是代表发货人（出口商）或收货人，完成货物从出口国到进口国的运输。
2．It is usually the freight forwarder who undertakes on behalf of the consignor or the consignee, to process the movement of goods through the various stages involved. The consignor here normally refers to the （）.[2014年真题] A．exporterB．importerC．forwarderD．charterer【答案】A【解析】发货人通常是出口商。
货运代理人的职责之一就是代表发货人（出口商）或收货人，完成货物从出口国到进口国的运输。
3．The consignee in international carriage of goods by sea normally refers to （）.[2013年真题]A．importerB．exporterC．forwarderD．Carrier【答案】A【解析】在国际海上货物运输中，收货人一般是指进口商。
国际货运代理专业英语 Unit 13 International Rail and Road Transport一、CMR 国际公路货物运输合同公约 (考试重点)1-1 课文：Rail transport plays more or less the same role as road transport in the domestic economy of a country.注释：rail transport: 铁路运输 more or less: 或多或少 play (a) role: 扮演角色 the same as: 与...相同 road transport: 公路运输 domestic: 本国的，国内的，对内的 economy: 经济，经济制度课文意思：在一国国内经济中，铁路运输或多或少与公路运输扮演同一角色。
2-2 课文：Rail transport and road transport are often complementary, with rail transport undertaking the long haul and road transport undertaking the local collection and distribution. Freight forwarders should be able to organize the carriage of goods by road and rail efficiently.注释：complementary: 互相补足的，补充的，补足的 undertake: 承担，担任 long haul: 长途运输(haul: 拖拉，拖运)local collection and distribution: 本地的集散(collection: 收集，采集，聚集 distribution: 分配，分发，散布)be able to: 能够，有能力(做)... organize: 组织，筹备 carriage of goods: 货物的运输 efficiently: 有效率地，有效地课文意思：铁路运输和公路运输通常是相辅助性的，铁路运输承担长距离运输，公路运输从事本地的集散。
新编国际货运代理专业英语（2015年版）讲义含英文翻译和真题详解Unit7Air Cargo Transport【基本要求】1．了解：Air LCL Inquiry&Quote2．熟悉：Consolidation3．掌握：Air Cargo Charges,Rates and Waybill【考试内容】1．Air Cargo Charges,Rates and Waybill（1）Air Cargo Charges and Rates（2）General Cargo Rate（GCR）（3）Commodity Classification Rate（CCR）（4）Specific Commodity Rate（SCR）（6）Air Waybill（7）Characters and Functions of Air Waybill（8）Air Waybill（9）Content of Air Waybill2．Consolidation（1）Advantages of Consolidation（2）The Role of a Freight Forwarder as a Consolidator（3）Liability of consolidator3．Filling out Air Waybill【大纲详解】一、航空运费，运费率和运单1．航空运费和运费率（掌握）（1）决定航空运费率的因素课文：Air cargo rates are based on the value of service or the cost of service.译文：航空货运费率是基于服务的价值或服务的成本制定的。
①服务价值课文：Value of service rates are demand based and consider the sensitivity of the cargo to freight rates.The less sensitive the cargo is to rates,the higher the rate will be.On traffic lanes where demand is strong and plane capacity is limited,the air rates will be high and vice versa for traffic lanes where supply exceeds demand. Also,products with high prices or emergency conditions surroundingthe move will be charged high rates because the freight rate is a small portion of the landed selling price.注释：sensitivity：敏感traffic lane：运输道路，运输渠道vice versa：反之亦然译文：服务价值的高低是以需求为基础的，并且要考虑货物对运价的敏感度。
货物对运价越不敏感，运价越高。
在需求强劲和飞机承载量有限的航线中，航空运价会较高；反之，对于供过于求的航线，航空运价则较低。
产品价格较高或所运产品较紧急时，运价较高，因为运价是到岸销售价格的一小部分。
②服务成本课文：Cost of service factors also enter into air carrier pricing of cargo.Air carriers calculate the dimensional weight（dim weight）of a shipment to evaluate the weight versus space issue.Freight carriers use the greater of the actual weight or dimensional weight to calculate shipping charges.Carriers calculate internationalair shipmentas（Length×Width×Height）/（Dimensional Factor）.The common dimensional factor for international freight is166for shipments measured in inches and or6,000for shipments measured in centimeters.注释：dimensional weight：体积重量shipping charges：运输费用Inch：英寸centimeter：厘米译文：服务成本因素同样计入货物的航空运输价格。
航空承运人通过计算货物的体积重量来估算货物重量与机舱空间的对比。
货运代理公司使用实际重量或体积重量中的较大者计算运费。
承运人按（长×宽×高）/（尺寸因素）计量国际空运货物。
国际空运货物的通用尺寸为166英寸，或6,000厘米。
（2）IATA和TACT课文：The pricing of international air freight is governed by the International Air Transport Association（IATA）via the Air Cargo Tariff（TACT）.TACT includes three types of international air carrier rates。
注释：govern：受…管制、约束IATA：国际航空运输协会TACT：空运货物运价表译文：国际航空货运价格受到国际航空运输协会（IATA）所制定的空运货物运价表的指引。
空运货物运价表包括三种不同类型的国际空运运费率。
2．普通货物运价（GCR）（掌握）课文：General cargo rates are charged by a carrier to transport cargo when it doesn't qualify for a discounted special class fee or a commodity fee from the carrier.General cargo rates consist of minimum rate（M）,normal rate（N）,and lower charge in higher weight（Q）.注释：GCR：普通货物运价qualify：有资格discount：打折，贴现minimum rate：起码运价译文：普通货物运价是指运送货物的承运人征收的不适用于特殊折扣类费用或特定商品费用的航空运价。
普通货物运价由最低运费率（M）、正常费率（N）和较重货物适用的低运费率（Q）组成。
【例题7.1•多选题】General cargo rates consist of（）.A．minimum rate（M）B．normal rate（N）C．lower charge in higher weight（Q）D．higher rate（H）【答案】ABC【解析】普通货物运价包含三种不同的费率，分别是最低运费率（M）、正常费率（N）和较重货物适用的低运费率（Q）。
3．等级货物运价（CCR）（掌握）（1）定义课文：Commodity classification rates,also known as class rates,are published for particular commodities from a specified point of origin to a specified destination point and are usually shown in Surcharged（S）or Reduced（R）.Class Rates take precedence over General Cargo Rates regardless of comparisons.注释：CCR：等级货物运价specify：指定，列举Surcharge：附加费precedence：优先性译文：等级货物运价，也称为等级运价，是适用于从规定起点运至规定终点的特定商品的运价。
等级货物运价通常以附加费或减免费的形式出现。
等级货物运价优先于普通货物运价。
【例题7.2•判断题】In International air cargo transportation,Class Rates are afurther supplement to the General Cargo Rates tariff,and are applied by most airlines.（）【2012年真题】【答案】A【解析】等级货物运价是普通货物运价的一个补充，目前被大部分航空公司所采用。
（2）等级货物①Newspapers,Magazines,Periodicals,Books,Catalogues,Braille-Type Equipment and Talking Books for the Blind.Usually,50%of normal GCR shall apply to the above commodities and the minimum charge will be either the minimum charge for the specified sector or the amount customers get by multiplying such discounted rate per kg/lb by the minimum chargeable weight,whichever is higher.注释：periodical：定期的，期刊braille：盲文minimum charge：起码运费minimum chargeable weight：起码收费重量译文：报纸、杂志、期刊、书籍、目录、盲人设备及有声读物。
通常，普通货物运价的50%可适用于上述货物。
起码运费取指定部门的起码运费，与每公斤/磅折扣费率乘以起码收费重量的积的较高者。
②Baggage Shipped as CargoFor carriage of baggage shipped as cargo（excluding machinery,jewelry,。
