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Problem(“a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved, ( or a question raised for solution.” )一般是实际存在需要解决 一般是实际存在需要解决 的问题或难题;有明确的处理意向或处理方案的.如 的问题或难题;有明确的处理意向或处理方案的 如:车子路上抛 吃饭忘记带钱,对学校考核制度不满, 锚,吃饭忘记带钱,对学校考核制度不满,不明白为什么要学英 语…… Issue(“something that you are discussing (sth in ( dispute) .” )是一种悬而未决,没有固定方案,存在广泛的社会 是一种悬而未决,没有固定方案, 争议又具有广泛社会影响的一类问题。比如:房屋,失业,离婚, 争议又具有广泛社会影响的一类问题。比如:房屋,失业,离婚, 假文凭,代沟…….我们把这类问题叫做 我们把这类问题叫做issue。 假文凭,代沟 我们把这类问题叫做 。
1.2 造句
1.2.1 句子类型 1.2.2 完整的句子和句子片断 1.2.3 良好句式的四大要素 1.2.4 常见错误句子分析
第一章 英语写作中的遣词与造句
1.1 遣词 (Diction)
1.1.1 准确贴切 1.1.2 避免重复 1.1.3 形象生动 1.1.4 避免口语化 Accuracy and relevance Less repetition Vividness No colloquiality
用词准确从另外一个角度讲就 是要使论述客观、适度, b.恰当使用限定词 是要使论述客观、适度,这就 需要在写作时适当使用一些限 写作中常见的限定词有: 定词,以避免观点的绝对化, 写作中常见的限定词有: 定词,以避免观点的绝对化, 从而提高说服力和可信度。 从而提高说服力和可信度。
may, maybe, perhaps, probably, mainly, generally, commonly, personally, comparatively, typically, usually, sometimes, often, most, mostly, nearly, பைடு நூலகம்lmost, not necessarily, in general, at least, at most, may as well, had better, to some extent, to some degree, more often than not, for the most part等。 等
基础英语写作
西北农林科技大学外语系——李敏 李敏 西北农林科技大学外语系
课程内容
第一章 英语写作中的遣词与造句 第二章 英语段落写作 第三章 英语写作的基本原则 第四章 英语写作的基本步骤 第五章 英语写作应试方法
第一章 英语写作中的遣词与造句
1.1 遣词
1.1.1 准确贴切 1.1.2 避免重复 1.1.3 形象生动 1.1.4 避免口语化
1.1.1准确贴切 1.1.1准确贴切 (Accuracy)
Heads- (提醒 Heads-up (提醒) 提醒) 1)认真辨析同义词 2)恰当使用限定词 3)正确的词语搭配
a.认真辨析同义词
To discriminate between synonyms
由于英语词义范畴非常广泛, 由于英语词义范畴非常广泛,即便 是同义词也只是某种程度上的近似, 是同义词也只是某种程度上的近似,不 1. Nuclear proliferation(核扩散) is always 核扩散) 核扩散 可能在意义上完全对等。 可能在意义上完全对等。这就需要考生 the top problem the participants have 辨析 在选词时斟酌其含义的微妙差别, 在选词时斟酌其含义的微妙差别, to discuss at this 同义词在具体语境中的不同用法。 kind of meeting.
problem: a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved 实际存在需要解决的问题或难题 question:a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply可获 : 可获 得解释或者回答的具体问题
练习1: 练习 :请找出下列句子中使用有误的词语
a.认真辨析同义词
To discriminate between synonyms 2. So there arises the problem: what should we do to get rid of the wrong attitudes towards the migrant workers? * So there arises the question: what should we do to get rid of the wrong attitudes towards the migrant workers?
c.正确的词语搭配 Correct collocation
用词准确不但要求考 生掌握具体单词的含 1. The traffic in many big 义,还要熟悉词语的 cities is,一定要避 getting 习惯搭配, 习惯搭配 more and more crowded. 免受汉语语意的干扰 而出现错误。 而出现错误。
1. He has cost considerable time to take these numerous trips with Jennie. 2. In the classroom, you can see empty paper left in the dustbins every day. 3. Some boys’ performances seem like girls. 4. Women are not only forced to busy with formal work, but also do housework, which makes them feel so exhausted. 5. A good reader often writes an outline about the article he has read.
练习2:请加入适当的限定词使句意更加客观, 练习 :请加入适当的限定词使句意更加客观,真实
1. In order to reduce waste on campus, we, college students must think about how to avoid spending money on something useless. (may as well 最好;不妨) 最好; 2. College students cannot strike a balance between study and their part-time job. (for the most part通 通 大多数情况下) 常,大多数情况下 3. Maybe he wants to play computer games or soccer, but as a man, he has to make money all the time. (sometimes) 4. Young people seem more prone to big cities. (in general通常 通常) 通常
汉语中我们可以说“交通拥挤” 但英文中 汉语中我们可以说“交通拥挤”,但英文中traffic和crowded 和 是不能搭配的,因为crowded是表示街道、房间等空间挤满了 是表示街道、 是不能搭配的,因为 是表示街道 人或东西,我们可以说“ 人或东西,我们可以说“The street is crowded.”,但不能说 , “The traffic is crowded.”。 。 试改:……heavier
c.正确的词语搭配 Correct collocation
3. I set aside some money, it prepares for urgent use.我留了些钱,以备急用。 我留了些钱,以备急用。
汉语“以备急用”的主语是物品,钱财等。英语 汉语“以备急用”的主语是物品,钱财等。 短语prepare for 的主语是人。此处混淆了英汉 的主语是人。 短语 词语搭配的不同。 词语搭配的不同。 试改: I set aside some money for urgent use.
1. I don’t agree with the first argument to some extent. 分析】 意为“ 【分析】to some extent意为“在某种程度上”,表明观点 意为 在某种程度上” 的客观性,避免了绝对化,为自己留有余地。 的客观性,避免了绝对化,为自己留有余地。
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练习3: 练习 :请修改下列句子中不恰当的词语搭配 I cannot make the decision about college and work. (between) As we all know, the population of China is becoming more and more. (bigger and bigger/larger and larger) For some students, the tuition fees are so expensive that they can’t afford them. (high) However, with the development of the society, woman’s rights are paid more and more attention to by the public. (is receiving increasing attention from)
1.1.2 避免重复(Less repetition)