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初中英语语法——非谓语动词

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非谓语动词

非谓语动词包括动词不定式，动词- ing形式和过去分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，不受主语人称和谓语动词的时态变化干扰，但是有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，但仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。

To hear your voice is so nice. 动词不定式

Reading books makes one wise. 动词-ing形式

This is a book written by Balzac. 过去分词

1、 动词不定式

作主语

To learn a foreign language is not easy.

作宾语

He wants to buy some stamps.

作宾语补足语

The doctor told me to have a rest.

作定语

I want something to eat.

作状语

Yesterday they came to visit us.

动词不定式的时态和语态

一般式：to do表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之后，或同时发生。

I want to visit my teacher.

I believe him to be a good studeng.

完成式：to have done 表示不定式的动作发生在谓语的动作之前。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.

进行式：to be doing 表示不定式的动作与谓语的动作同时进行。

He seems to be worrying about it.

被动语态:to be done 表示被动关系。

This sick man will need to be taken to a hospital.

有些动词的不定式省略to.

祈使动词如make, let , have

The boss made Tom’s father work all day.

感官动词如hear, see, notice

I saw him go into the classroom just now.

用于被动语态时，被省略的to需要还原

He was made to do the job at once.

*不定式省略to的口诀

有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，其口诀是：一感二听三让四观看。

一感：feel

二听：hear, listen to

三让：let, have, make

四观看：observe, see, watch, look at

动词不定式的否定需在to前加not。

2 动词-ing形式

动词-ing形式是动词的另一种非限定形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种，有动词原型加-ing构成。

动词-ing形式作主语的情况

动词-ing形式作主语，有时也可以用it作形式主语，而把动词-ing形式放在后面。

Reading poetry brings people from different places and different times together.

It’s useless arguing with him.

动词-ing形式作动词宾语

在下面这些词后常接动词-ing形式作宾语。

mind 介意 finish 完成 consider 考虑 miss 错过

enjoy 喜欢 practice 训练 keep 坚持 appreciate 欣赏

She looks forward to walking in the flower-lined garden every spring.

I am considering selling my house to collect the money.

下列动词和词组只能用动词-ing形式作宾语

Enjoy 喜欢 Consider 考虑 Escape 逃脱

Give up 放弃 Risk 冒险 deny 否认

Object to 反对 Imagine 想象 Delay 耽误

Put off 推迟 Advise 建议 Allow 允许

Admit 承认 Permit 允许 Finish 完成

Suggest 建议 Practice 联系 Avoid 避免

Mind 介意 Keep(on) 继续 miss 错过

2.3 动词-ing形式放在系动词后作表语

His favorite sports is hiking.

My job is palying all kinds of musical instruments.

2.4动词-ing形式在一些动词后作宾语补足语

动词-ing形式在listen to, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, leave, look at, have等动词后作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。

They left the fire burning all day long.

Do you notice him writing something there?

The policeman caught him stealing the bike.

I heat him singing in the next room.

2.5动词-ing形式作定语的两类情况

我们常说的动名词作定语，用来修饰无生命的名词，且只能前置；这类定语不能改为名词从句。

A teaching building 教学楼 A walking stick 拐杖 A swimming pool 游泳池

A sleeping bag 睡袋 A smiling face 笑脸 A reading room 阅览室

我们常说的现在分词作定语，多用来修饰有生命的名词（有时也可以用来修饰无生命的名词）。这类定语，如果动词-ing形式是单独修饰名词，常前置；如果动词-ing短语修饰名词，则常后置，它们都可以被改为定语从句。

The dancing girl (The girl who is dancing) is my classmate.

The new hospital being built (which is being built) is just near our school.

动词-ing形式作状语

这类结构常用来表示时间、原因、条件、结构。它相当于一个状语从句，其逻辑主语就是主语的主语；也可置于句尾，表示伴随、补充说明。

动词-ing形式作状语表示时间

Hearing the good news (= When they heard the good news), the students were wild with joy.

Having watered the vegetables ( = After they had watered the vegetables), they went back home for

breakfast.

动词-ing形式作状语表示条件

Standing on the top of the tower (= If we stand on the top of the tower), we can see as far as the Yangtze

River.

动词-ing形式作状语表示自然而然的结果

Her husband died in 1942, leaving five children with her(= and left five children with her).

动词-ing形式作状语表示伴随或补充说明

Every evening they sat on the sofa watching TV(= and watched TV).

过去分词

过去分词作前置定语

单个的过去分词或带副词的单个过去分词作定语时，放在所修饰词的前面，为前置定语，具有形容词的特点。

A broken window

A recently-built house

A newly-married couple

过去分词作后置定语

有时为了强调，过去分词作定语时要置于被修饰的名词之后，作后置定语，此时过去分词既有形容词的特征，又有动词的特征。

He is a man loved and respected by all.

过去分词作定语与定语从句的关系

及物动词的过去分词可以改为动词为被动形式的定语从句；部分不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，可改为动词为完成式或动词为表示状态的定语从句。

A returned scholar = a scholar who has returned

The first textbooks written for teaching English ( = which were written for teaching English) as a foreign

language came out in the 18th century.

The computer center opened last year（= which was opened last year）is very popular among the students in

the school.

过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态

He was terrified at seeing this scene.

The door remained unlocked.

过去分词作表语与被动状态的区别

过去分词作表语表示主语的特点或所处的状态，被动语态则表示一个被动的动作。

The cup is broken.(过去分词表状态)

合集下载

【初中英语语法专项练习】非谓语动词专项练习

【初中英语语法专项练习】非谓语动词专项练习

一、选择填空

( ) 1. They kept the fire ________ to keep them warm.

A. to burn B. burn C. burnt D. burning

( ) 2. Who’s the boy ________ under the tree?

A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood

( ) 3. I don’t like to sit here ________ nothing.

A. doing B. do C. to do D. does

( ) 4. The girl student enjoy ________ English songs.

A. singing B. to sing C. sing D. sung

( ) 5. Thank you for ________ us so well.

A. to teach B. teaches C. teaching D. taught

( ) 6. I often do some ________ on Sundays.

A. washed B. to wash C. wash D. washing

( ) 7. The boy ________ Li Hua in Class One is his brother.

初中英语语法 非谓语动词的讲解

初中英语语法 非谓语动词的讲解

初中英语语法 非谓语动词的讲解

非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用）

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. （wearing ..分词起形容词作用）

He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch ...不定式起副词作用)

谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：

1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。

Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语）

Mr. Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.

（to have a talk.... 不定式作状语）

2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。

Mike likes the pop music. （动词用单数第三人称形式）

Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形）

非谓语动词的特征：

1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。

Studying English is my favorite.（studying 后跟宾语）

To help him is my duty. 帮助他是我的责任。（help 后跟宾语）

2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。

Working under such a condition is terrible. (under such a condition 是 working

初中非谓语动词练习题及答案

初中非谓语动词练习题及答案

初中英语非谓语动词专题练习

1

A

1. - What about_______ a rest? - OK! Let's go for a walk A.tohave B.had C.have D.

having 2. My parents enjoy_______ for a walk after supper. A. go B. goes C. to go

D. going 3. Please tell the students_______ quiet in class. A. keep B. keeping C. to keep 4. Goldilocks decided_______ for a walk in the forest. A. go B. to go C. going

D. goes 5. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs_______ it every day. A. practise to speak B. to practise speaking C. practise speaking 6. Colours can change our moods(情绪) and

make us______ happy or sad, energetic or

sleepy.

A feel B. to feel C.

felt D. feeling

初中英语语法知识复习集之非谓语动词

初中英语语法知识复习集之非谓语动词

初中英语语法知识 复习集

高效学习，助力中考 非谓语动词

定义 在句中不充当谓语的动词，叫做非谓语动词

三种形式 to do 要做去做还未做(plan/decide/...)

doing 做过常做正在做（regret/like/busy）

done 完成或者被动(finished/fallen leaves/falling leaves)

注意：

1.其他的动词形式均是谓语动词，如do，does，did,have/has done等；

2.中考英语中必考的时态题、祈使句其实就是考察为谓语动词形式。

九个+doing：“饿狼厕所门口放炮却不死”E L C S M K F P B S

doing E: enjoy 喜欢做某事

L: look forward to 期盼做某事

C: can't help doing sth 情不自禁做某事

M: mind 介意做某事

K: keep 坚持做某事

F: finish 完成做某事

P: practise 练习做某事

B: busy/worth 忙于/值得做某事

S: spend 花费做某事

九个+to do：“土豆片胖娃娃哦”

to do T：tell 告诉

D：decide 决定

P：promise 承诺，允诺

P：plan 计划

Wa：would like，ask 想要，请求

Wa：want，allow 想要，允许

O：offer 主动提供，提出

接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的动词

like to do sth./like doing sth. 喜欢做某事

love to do sth./love doing sth. 喜欢做某事

hate to do sth./hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事

prefer to do sth./prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事

begin to do sth./begin doing sth. 开始做某事