初中英语非谓语动词
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初中英语非谓语动词
非谓语动词1：动名词的用法动名词由动词原形 + ing构成，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。
1. 动名词作主语时的考点
(1)动名词作主语时，经常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置。如：
Getting up early is good for your health.= It is good for your health getting up early. 、
(2)动名词作主语时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。如：
2. 动名词作表语时的考点
动名词作表语可以转换为动名词作主语。如：
The nurse’s job is looking after the patients. =Looking after the patients is the nurse’s job
3. 动名词作宾语时的考点
有些动词后面必须用动名词作宾语，而不能跟不定式或分词。常见的这类动词有mind, finish,enjoy, practice, keep, miss, consider, suggest等。如：
4. 动名词作定语时的考点
动名词作定语， 表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等， 一般置于被修饰的词前。如：①He slept in the sleeping bag. 他在睡袋里睡觉。
②She is reading in the reading room. 她在阅览室里看书。
5. 短语后的动名词和固定句型中的动名词
能接动名词的短语很多，初中阶段常见的有： be worth(值得), can’t help(禁不住) , give up(放弃),
【考题再现】
1.（2012·益阳）No one knew why the woman kept ________at the party.
A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing
2. (2012·甘肃兰州)24. Why not________ your teacher for help when you can’t finish________it by yourself?
A. ask, write B. to ask, writing C. ask, writing D. asking, write
3. (2012·福建南安)---Science is so difficult!
---I think you should keep on _________ hard.
A. study B. to study C. studying
4. (2012·扬州)---What a heavy rain!
---So it is. I prefer ___________ at home ___________ on such a rainy day.
A. watch TV; to go out B. watch TV; go out
C. watching TV; to going out D. to watch TV; going out
考点二：分词
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词具有主动和正在进行的含义，而过去分词则具有被动和已经完成的含义。分词在句子里可作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
1. 分词作表语时的考点
现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词作表语时，表示人的心理、精神状态，即喜怒哀乐等。如：
2. 分词作宾语补足语时的考点(1)see, watch, hear, keep, find, notice①I found him reading a novel. 我发现他在看小说。
(2)have/get sth. done表示“请别人干某事”，。
3. 分词作定语时的考点
分词作定语时，单个分词放在被修饰的名词前；分词短语则须置于被修饰的名词之后。如：②The broken window needs repairing.那扇破窗户需要修理。
③Do you know the boy standing at the door?
4. 分词作状语时的考点
分词作状语，主要表示时间、原因、条件、结果等伴随情况。如：①They went out of the classroom , talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出了教室。（伴随状语）② The car, hit badly, can’t move at all. 那车由于被撞得很严重，已经无法移动了。（原因状语）
【考题再现】---Have you heard the song Super Star?
---Yes, I heard it _______ by S.H.E.
A. sings B. sang C. sing D. sung
考点三：动词不定式
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语等。
(1)作主语①To travel around China is my dream. 环游中国是我的梦想.
注意：
(1)动词不定式短语作句子主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。
(2)不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在句末。即 “It is + adj./ n. + to dosth.”。
(2)作表语
不定式作表语时，主要表示愿望、责任、义务等，一般可转化为动词不定式作主语。如：
His wish is to be a policeman. 他的愿望就是当一名警察。
= To be a policeman is his wish. 当一名警察是他的愿望。
(3)作宾语
decide(决定), would like(想; 要), hope(希望), plan(计划; 打算), want(想要)等后只跟动词不定式作宾语。如：
动词不定式作宾语时，后面如果是形容词作宾补，通常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后。如：The man found it difficult to get to sleep. 那人发觉很难入睡。
(4)作宾语补足语
常见的接带to动词不定使短语作宾语补足语的动词有：tell(告诉), ask(请求), want(要), order(命令), teach(教), invite(邀请)，prefer(更喜欢)，allow(允许)等。如：
(5)作状语
动词不定式短语可以放在不及物动词， 如come, go, travel, leave, run等以及一些表语形容词，如sorry, glad, surprised, disappointed, excited后作目的、原因、结果状语。如：①I come to see you. 我来看你。
②I am sorry to trouble you . 很抱歉来打扰你。③I’m surprised to see you here.我很惊讶在这儿见到你.
(6)作定语
动词不定式短语作定语时， 应放在所修饰的名词、代词之后。动词不定式与被修饰的词之间是逻辑动宾关系。如：I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多的工作要做。
注意：如果作定语的动词不定式短语中的动词是不及物动词，切记不能漏掉介词。
【考题再现】
1. (2012·南京)---Do you know Neil Armstrong?
---Yes. He is the first man _______ on the moon.
A. walk B. walks C. to walk D. walked
2. (2012·四川南充)The classroom was so dirty. I decided _______
A. clean it up B. to clean it up C. clean up it
3. (2012·山西)My roommate often asks me _______ her to play chess.
A. teach B. teaching C. to teach
4. (2012·贵州黔东南)My bag is old. Let’s go to that shop______ a new one. 学科网
A. to buy B. buy C. buying 学科网
5. (2012·宿千)---Mum, can I have something________?
---Oh, dear. You can only drink some water. There is________ in the kitchen.
A. to drink; nothing else B. drinking; something else
C. to eat; something else D. eating; nothing else
6. (2012·河南)--- Shall we stay at home watching TV tonight?
--- No, I’d like __________ and see a movie.
A. to go B. go C. went D. going
7. (2012·四川南充）Mr. Green asked us to stop _______. So we stopped _______ to him atonce.
A. talking; listening B. to talk; listening C. talking; to listen
考点四：常考的不带to的动词不定式
(1)感官动词和使役动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，可概括为“一感（feel）， 二听（listen to, hear），三让（let, make, have），四看（look at, see, watch, notice）”。如：
(2)在would you please(请您), had better(最好), why not(为什么不), would rather(宁愿)等结构后，须用不带to的不定式。如：④He said he would rather not stay at home.他说他不愿在家。
(3)两个并列的带to的不定式由and或or连接时， 第二个不定式符号常常省略。如：①She has learned to read and write. 她已经学会了读和写。
②I don’t want to visit my teacher or ask him some questions.
【考题再现】
1. (2012·宿千)The global financial crisis(金融危机) has made many people_______ theirmoney.
A. to care for B. took care of C. be careful with D. to be cared about
2. (2012·山东淄博)---May I listen to the music here, Mr. White?
---Sorry, you’d better it like that.
