中学英语语法之非谓语动词
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中学英语语法------
非谓语动词
动 词 不 定 式
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词，由不定式符号to加原形动词组成，动词不定式保留着动词的一些特点：
(1)带宾语或表语。例如：
I want to watch TV.
I hope to be an outstanding student.
(2)可由状语修饰。例如：
I expect you to study hard.
(3)有时态和语态的转变。例如：
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.（完成时）
The questions to be answered are on page 10.（被动式）
动词不定式和它的宾语，状语，或表语一路组成不定式短语。不定式或不定式短语具出名词，形容词，和副词的性质，因此能够在句中做主语，宾语，表语，定语，和状语。
在不定式符号to前加上not组成不定式的否定式。例如：
He told me not to touch the wire.
I. 动词不定式的句法作用
1.做主语
To master a foreign language is very important.
Not to smoke will do you a lot of good.
To obey the laws is everyone’s duty.
动词不定式做主语时，常经常使用先行词it作形式主语，放在句首，将不定式移到谓语以后作实际主语。例如： It is difficult to answer such a complicated question in English.
It has been possible to send man to space.
It takes the electronic computer only a few seconds to solve the
problem.
Example:
______ only five minutes to finish the task.
a. It took myself b. It required
me c. It should be needing d.
It took me
2.作表语
Our main task is to carry these building materials to the work site.
The most common way of getting heat is to burn fuel.
Our goal is to accomplish the modernization of agriculture, industry,
national defence, and science and technology.
Example:
My job ______ these children.
a. was to look after b. was looking c. is to looking after d.
has looked after
3．作宾语
在及物动词begin, cease, choose, continue, decide, expect, fail,
forget, happen, hate, help, hope, intend, like, love, manage, mean, offer,
plan, prefer, prepare, promise, refuse, remember, try, want, wish 等后边经常使用不定式作宾语。例如：
When did you begin to learn English?
Once you turn off the switch, electricity ceases to flow.
He promised to keep the secret for you.
Example:
Galileo planned to ______ the problem, but failed to do so.
a. solving b. have solved c. be solved d. have been solved
If you promise ______ angry with me, I’ll tell you what I broke. a. get not b. not get c. not to get d. not getting
注意：当不定式作直接宾语，它后面还有宾语补足语时，需用it 作形式宾语代替不定式，而把不定式放在补足语以后。例如：
I found it difficult to identify mistakes. 我发觉识别错误很难。
Do you consider it wise to ignore him? 你以为不睬睬他是明智的吗？
Example:
I found _____ to answer all the questions within the time given.
a. no possibility b. there was impossibility c. impossible d.
it impossible
动词不定式也可作介词but, except, save（除......之外）的宾语，但在词组can not but （禁不住，只好）, cannot help but（不能不）, do nothing
but（别无它法只有......）后面，接不带 to 的不定式。在except, save 后可带to也可不带 to。例如：
The National Guardsmen were given no choice but to shoot over the heads
of the unruly mob.
She does nothing but cry all day.
We cannot but believe in the youth who is always trying to improve
himself.
He did nothing except play all day long.
There is nothing for it but to wait for an opportunity.
Example:
He was no alternative but ______ to see him.
a. go b. went c. going d. to go
I _____ at our teacher’s remarks.
a. cannot but wonder b. cannot help but to wonder
c. cannot but wondering d. cannot help but wondering
4．作宾语补足语
有些动词如allow, advise, ask, beg, believe, can’t bear, call,
choose, cause, command, determine, enable, expect, fail, feel, find, force, get, have, hear, help, know, invite, lead, let, like, make, notice,
order, prove, request, set, see, teach, tell, think, want, warn, watch,
wish等后面常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
注意：在make（使）, let（让）, have（使，叫）等使役动词后；在see（看）, watch （观看）, look at（看）, behold（看）, observe（观看，看见）, perceive（看见）, feel（感觉）, hear（听）, listen to （听...）,
notice（发觉，注意）等表示感官的动词后及在know（了解）, please（请）等后面省去动词不定式符号“to”。
在动词find与 help 以后的“to”可省也不可省。例如：
I asked him to tell me the results of the scientific research.
Can you help me (to) clean the windows?
Ask her to wait for me at the gate.
Her mother never has her do that heavy work.
Example:
Professor Black had us ______ compositions every Friday.
a. to write b. written c. write d. wrote
My boss asked me to answer the phone, to take all messages, and ______
some letters.
a. to type b. typing c. type d. typewrite
My teacher told me _____ so careless.
a. not be b. don’t to be c. not to be d. won’t be
有些动词如consider, prove, think, know, feel, suppose, discover,
imagine, find 等也可跟
“宾语 + to be”的形式，利用中应注意。例如：
We found him (to be ) dishonest. 咱们发觉他不老实。
We all know him to be dead. 咱们都以为他死了。
Example:
We ______ Mr. Brown to be a fine writer.
a. accept b. receive c. think d. regard
