2023年高考英语一轮复习讲义—— 语法专题 专题一 第2讲 非谓语动词
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第2讲非谓语动词非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分,是高考的必考项目。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词,在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。
非谓语动词常考考点主要有动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。
该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ改编)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings),those amazing ①constructions of delicate dumpling wrappersencasing ①hot ,tasty soup and sweet ,fresh meat ,are far and away my favorite Chinese streetfood.The dumplings arrive steaming ①and dangerously hot.To eat ②one ,you have to decidewhether to bite ②a small hole in it first ,releasing ①the steam and risking ①a spill(溢出),or to put ②the whole dumpling in your mouth ,letting ①the hot soup explode ②on your tongue(舌头).Shanghai may be the recognized ③home of the soup dumplings ,but food historians willactually point you to the neighboring ①ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao ’sbirthplace.There ,you ’ll find them prepared ③differently—more dumpling and less soup ,and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled.Nanxiang aside ,the best xiao long bao have a fine skin ,allowing ①them to be lifted ②out ofthe steamer basket without tearing ①or spilling ①any of their contents.The meat should be freshwith a touch of sweetness ,and the surrounding ①soup hot ,clear and delicious.No matter where I buy them ,one steamer basket is rarely enough ,yet two seems greedy ,and so I am always left wanting ①more next time.[规则感悟]上文中加黑部分都是非谓语动词,①为动词-ing 形式,其中amazing ,encasing ,neighboring 和surrounding 作定语;steaming ,releasing ,risking ,letting 和allowing 作状语;tearing 和spilling 作宾语;wanting 作补语。
高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破非谓语动词:现在分词语法考点总结得语法者得天下,高考英语处处离不开英语语法知识,词汇是基础,那么语法则是通往高分的阶梯,掌握好英语语法的核心知识,解答高考英语题目则会游刃有余。
本校高中英语教研组精心整理了该套语法专项突破讲义,适合高考英语一轮复习使用,希望同学们好好利用。
明年六月,金榜题名!分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,在句子中可以作状语,表语,宾补,定语等,用途非常广泛,分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式,分词可以有自己的状语,宾语,逻辑主语。
一、定义现在分词(present participle)(又称-ing形式,现在进行时),是分词的一种,在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语,状语),并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。
二、特征和功能一面具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语;另一面具有形容词和副词的特征,可以充当表语,定语,状语,补足语,可以表示主动或正在进行的动作。
三、垂悬结构现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应该与句子的主语一致,但有时现在分词的主语与其所在句中的主语并不一致,这种现在分词即所谓的垂悬现在分词。
垂悬现在分词容易使句意模糊,甚至造成歧义,因而通常被认为是不合规范或错误的用法,例如:不论是走路或睡觉,我总是在想着这个问题。
Walking or sleeping,this subject was always in my mind.---->walking or sleeping 的逻辑主语是句中的my应改为:Walking or sleeping, I was always thinking of the subject.在爬山时,探险家们看见几头野猪。
Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen.应改为:Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw several boars.四、两个基本特点1、在时间上,表示动作正在进行。
第二讲非谓语动词高考感悟真题体验1.[2021·全国乙卷]Minimize the impact of (visit) the place.2.[2021·北京卷]From 2000 to 2019,there were 7,348 major natural disasters around theworld,(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.3.[2021·天津3月卷]China's National Highway 318,(extend) over 5,000kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu,Tibet,is known as the “heavenly road”for its amazing views.4.[2020·北京卷]A piece of stone (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives,known as Neanderthals,were cleverer than previously thought.5.[2020·浙江卷]Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology(change) lives.考点研析多维讲练考点一非谓语动词的形式及意义①[2020·天津卷]Completed in 1931,the Empire State Building,the highest skyscraperuntil 1954,inspired the imagination of the world.1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼,它激发了全世界的想象力。