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第二讲非谓语动词1．(2016·高考全国乙卷语法填空)I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.2．(2016·高考全国乙卷语法填空)My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.3．(2016·高考全国甲卷语法填空)If you find something you love doing outside of the office，you'll be less likely (bring) your work home.4．(2016·高考全国丙卷语法填空)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs.5．(2016·高考全国丙卷语法填空)The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots，(use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.6．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool)the house during the hot day.7．(2015·高考陕西卷短文改错)．..I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.8．(2014·高考陕西卷短文改错)One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.9．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.10．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)A study of travelers(conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.11．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.12．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition”a house without (use)electric equipment.13．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about (be)late for school.14．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused (stop)until we reached the next stop.15．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)It took years of work(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.答案：1.permitted 2.introducing 3.to bring 4.to create ing 6.to cool7.just后加to 8.have→having9．ing13.being14．to stop15.to reduce1．巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，且正在进行，要想到用现在分词形式(doing)；(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，且表完成，要想到用过去分词形式(done)；(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作，作状语表示目的，在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等要想到用不定式形式(to do)。
第二讲非谓语动词(对应学生用书第6页)1．(2017·江苏高考卷)Many Chinese brands，________ their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.A．having developed B．being developedC．developed D．developingA[考查非谓语动词。
句意：很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。
本句的主语“Many Chinese brands”与动词“develop”之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词，又根据句中的时间状语“over centuries”可知，此处应该使用现在分词的完成式。
故答案为A。
] 2．(2016·江苏高考卷)In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within the work.A．to hide B．hiddenC．hiding D．being hiddenB[考查非谓语动词。
句意：在艺术评论中，你必须假设艺术家在作品中隐藏了一个秘密信息。
句中message与hide是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
]3．(2015·江苏高考卷)Much time ________ sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.A．being spent B．having spentC．spent D．spendingC[考查非谓语动词。
句意：因为坐办公室的时间太长，所以工作人员一般都受健康问题的困扰。
句首用独立主格结构在句中作状语，表示原因。
第二讲非谓语动词一、改正下列句子中的唯一错误：1.For the whole afternoon they sang and danced happily without think about their schoolwork.【答案】.think→thinking【解析】without为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
故将think改为thinking。
2.Having something to do on the train,I couldn't help think about the scene of leaving and felt terribly sorry.【答案】.think→thinking【解析】couldn't help doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“情不自禁做某事”，故将think改为thinking。
3.With my eyes filling with tears,I came into Mr. Li's office.【答案】.filling→filled【解析】此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，fill与宾语eyes之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补4.In regard to protect the environment,we have many things to do.【答案】.protect→protecting【解析】in regard to意为“关于……”，其中to是介词，其后接名词或动名词。
故将protect改为protecting5.Saw the 18 candles burning,I couldn't keep back my tears.【答案】.Saw→Seeing【解析】see在句中作状语，与主语之间存在主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
6.We finally realized it isn't easy to being a teacher .【答案】.being→be【解析】it is+adj.+to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”，it充当形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语，to后加动词原形7.I am interested in your culture and want know more about it.【答案】.在want后加to【解析】want to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”。
第二讲非谓语动词A组单句语法填空1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e4 ________(find)and study areas of the South PoleAitken basin.解析：该句主句为Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e4；________(find) and study areas of the South PoleAitken basin为不定式在句中作目的状语。
答案：to find2．(2020·浙江卷7月)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________(change)lives.解析：考查非谓语动词(不定式)。
句意：农业让人们第一次体验到科技改变生活的力量。
此处用不定式作定语，修饰technology，故填to change。
答案：to change3．(2020·浙江卷7月)Later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，________(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.解析：考查非谓语动词中的动词ing形式。
结合and和上文的planting可知，此处应该填making与其并列。
答案：making4．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They represent the earth ________(come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.解析：考查非谓语动词。
英语非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的概念非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词也是动词的一种，非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，有着动词的其他特点，可以承担句子的其他成分。
非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。
二、非谓语动词的分类动词不定式：（to）+ do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
否定式：not + (to) do 1．一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后. It's nice to meet you.很高兴见到你。
2．进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。
3．完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影。
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。
不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。
概念：非谓语动词是指现在分词, 过去分词、不定式三种形式，即： V-ing , V-ed , to do 。
当然它们有各自不同的变化形式非谓语动词的特点：三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。
它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。
非谓语动词 主语 宾语 表语 后置定语 宾语补足语 状语 V-ing √ √ √ √ √ √ V-ed √ √ √ to do√√√√√√非谓语动词 主语 宾语 表语 定语宾语补足语 状语 V-ing(动名词)√ √ √ √ V-ing （现在分词） √ √ √ √ V-ed √ √ √ √ to do√√√√ √√一．动词不定式(to do)1.变形：to doto be doingto be doneto have doneto have been donea. 明天要来的那个人是我的老师。
第二讲非谓语动词教学重点1，非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别；2，非谓语动词的各种形式和应用；3，非谓语动词的考点解析。
一、非谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别1.谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
如：Miss Mary teaches us English . 玛丽教我们英语。
（teaches是谓语动词。
）Mr Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.维克托先生上周末来到了我们教室和我们谈话。
（to have a talk不定式作状语）2.谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
如：Tom likes the pop music. 汤姆喜欢流行音乐。
（动词用第三人称单数形式）Tom has nothing to do today. 汤姆今天没有什么事要做。
（do用原形）二、非谓语动词的各种形式和应用非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。
其动能和形式如下：非谓语动词在句中所做的成分如下：三、考点解析非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。
解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。
1 动名词和不定式作表语①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。
如：To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing.②动名词作主语的句型。
如：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do)③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构：动词不定式的复合结构有两种：It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do。
第二讲 非谓语动词非谓语动词作定语和状语的用法是语法填空的常考点，从形式上看，主要考查动词不定式的一般式，现在分词的一般式和过去分词；非谓语动词作状语的考查频率相对更高。
非谓语动词分类：①动词不定式 ②动名词 ③现在分词 ④过去分词 非谓语动词备考：非谓语动词作状语、定语、宾语、宾补、主语和表语1.分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等)(1)现在分词作状语时，如果句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)；若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)；若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。
Hearing the news，they got very excited.听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。
Having cleaned the desks，we began reading books.擦完桌子后，我们便开始看书。
Having been shown around the classrooms，we were taken to see the library.我们被领着看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆。
(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是动宾关系。
Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。
2．不定式作状语(1)作目的状语。
动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的，其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。
常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do，so as to do，to do 等，但so as to do不能置于句首。
In order to pass the exam，he worked hard.为了通过考试，他努力学习。
To keep themselves awake, they sat on the floor and told each other stories in turn/by turn.为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。
(2)作结果状语。
表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。
We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left.我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。
【名师指津】不定式作结果状语时，通常表示出乎意料的结果，而现在分词表示自然而然的结果。
Football is played all over the world，making it the most popular sport.世界各地的人们都在踢足球，使足球成了最受欢迎的运动。
(3)作原因状语。
形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。
常见词有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud，disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。
We’re proud to be young people of China.作为中国青年我们感到自豪。
3．独立主格结构(1)构成：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式(2)特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系；③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
The work done(＝After the work had been done), we went home.Weather permitting(＝If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head(＝and his hands were crossed under his head)．单句语法填空①Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e－4 to__find (find) and study areas of the South Pole－Aitken basin.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)②They are easy to__care (care) for and make great presents.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)③The next morning he hired a boat and set out to__find (find) the well－known painter.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)④Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid－1980s, and are expensive to__perform (perform) consistently over a large area.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)⑤Nervously facing (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”．(2019·北京卷语法填空)1.动词不定式作定语(1)动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)她总是第一个来，最后一个离开。
Have you got a letter to write? (动宾关系)你有信要写吗？(2)当名词或代词被序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only等修饰，且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。
He is the best man to do the job.他是做这份工作的最佳人选。
(3)当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语且不定式常用主动形式，常见的此类名词有ability, chance，idea, plan, way, opportunity等。
She got a chance to further her study abroad/to study further abroad.她得到一次出国深造的机会。
【名师指津】作定语的动词不定式中，如果其中的动词是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词。
Henry is a very nice person to work with.亨利是个很好共事的人。
2．动词－ing形式作定语单个的动词－ing形式一般作前置定语，动词－ing短语一般作后置定语。
表示用途的是动名词，说明名词的性质、特征。
强调动作的是现在分词。
a sleeping car(＝a car for sleeping)a sleeping child (＝a child who is sleeping)the boy standing there(＝the boy who is standing there)Do you know the boy talking(＝who is talking) to the teacher?3．动词－ed形式作定语动词－ed形式作定语，分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
单个的动词－ed形式一般作前置定语，动词－ed短语一般作后置定语。
The polluted water caused diseases and death.Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.【名师指津】作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done, doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。
boiling water正在沸腾的水boiled water 已经烧开的水单句语法填空①Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to__change (change)lives.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)②They represent the earth coming(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)③A study of travelers conducted__(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.(全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)④Vanessa wasn’t the only one to__get (get) in front of the crowd.Michael Jordan also gave a moving speech.(2021·湖南省雅礼中学高三5月质量检测)1.带to的不定式( to do )作宾补的动词(短语)常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like/love/prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词，后用带to的不定式作宾补。
The teacher asked us to finish our homework.老师叫我们完成家庭作业。
