第四章语气

第四章汉语表达方式语言的交流不外乎两种形式，一种是口头表达，一种是书面表达。

同样，汉语作为一门语言，它的表达方式也分为两种：口头语言表达方式和书面语言表达方式。

口头语言表达的物质载体是声音，书面语言表达的物质载体是文字。

这两种物质媒介不同，也决定了口头表达和书面表达的性质和特点不同。

下面分别来介绍。

第一节口头语言表达方式一、口语表达的主要特点（一）有声性这一节开头就已经说到了，口语表达的物质载体是声音，以语音来交流思想、传达情感等等。

所以“有声性”自然成为了口语表达最显著的特点。

这个特点有两个方面的要求：一是语音要悦耳动听，二是语气要丰富多变。

①声音的悦耳动听，可以通过调整音调，谐和节奏，控制音色、音量来实现。

a.这里所说的“节奏”，其实就是一个“语速”的问题。

语速要根据具体的情况来调节。

一般而言，在普通场合，语速一般比较适中，比如与朋友相聚之类的场合，一般比较随意；在比较庄重的场合，一般用慢速。

而作为导游，在一般的情况下，游客的时间比较紧，他们的注意力的转移也比较快，所以适宜采用的中等语速进行简短的介绍。

b.音色、音量的控制。

音色，主要是不要太尖，也不要太浑。

音量，要根据所讲的内容、场合而定。

②语气的丰富多变不同的语气可表达不同的情感色彩，比如：赞美、埋怨、惊奇、惋惜、欢快、谴责等。

这些语气的传达可用语速快慢、语调的升降、音量大小的调节等实现。

再者，表达这些情感色彩时，可适当的使用一些语气词，比如：啦、哪、吧、呢、啊等，更加明确的传达某些情感。

（二）通俗自然性由于语音的在空中的滞留的时间不是很长，具有转瞬即逝的特点，因而人们很难对一段内容复杂的语音进行有效的记忆。

所以，口语表达的时候应该讲究通俗易懂、朴实自然。

a．在词语方面。

少用文言词、行话、术语、方言词等各种生僻的词语，多用平易简单的大众化词语。

b．句式结构方面。

尽量少去使用一些长句子，要表达一个很复杂的意思的时候，也最好是分成几句来表达。

完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图Revised on November 25, 2020．选择题1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. should lie2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden.A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tiredA. drove; didn’t getB. drove; wouldn’t getC. were driving; wouldn’t getD. had driven ; wouldn’t have got4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the YangpuBridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prisonA. refersB. referringC. referredD. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with himA. on him to go; should beB. he went; beC. he go; wasD. he should to; is8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today---I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than todayA. tellsB. toldC. would tellD. had told9. ---Would you have called her up had it been possible---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homeworkA. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meetA. would have taken part inB. took part inC. had taken part inD. would take part in11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been forB. If it were notC. If it had not been forD. Were it not for12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from goingA. had been, would have preventedB. had been, would preventC. were, preventD. were, would have prevented13. ____hard, he would have passed the examA. If he were to workB. Had he workedC. Should he workD. Were he to work14. ____today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leaveB. If he had leftC. Did he to leaveD. Had he left15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right nowA. areB. wereC. would beD. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brotherA. has comeB. did comeC. comeD. had come17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.A. was, had helpedB. was, would have helpedC. had been, would have helpedD. were,would have helped18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterdayA. were not, could have climbB. were not, could climbC. had not been, could have climbedD.hadn’t been, could climb19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult todayA. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be20. ---I am going to tell her the news---I would as soon you _____her about itA. didn’t tellB. don’t tellC. hadn’t tellD. won’t tell21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____homeA. stayedB. could stayC. has stayedD. stay22. It was requested that the play ____againA. should put onB. would put onC. be put onD. put on23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediatelyA. had sent forB. sendC. be sent forD. was sent24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness----Yes, but ____itA. I’d rather not doB. I’d rather not have doneC. I should’ t doD. I’d better not do25. If only I ___my carA. hadn’t lostB. wouldn’t loseC. didn’t loseD. haven’t lost26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earthA. isB. wouldC. wereD. wouldn’t be27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time beingA. doB. didn’t doC. don’tD. didn’t28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own sonA. isB. wereC. had beenD. should be29. How the old people wish that they ____young once moreA. wereB. could becomeC. had beenD. should be30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problemA. holdB. heldC. have heldD. had held31. The thief closed his eyes ____ he ____dyingA. even if , wasB. though, would beC. even, had beenD. as if, were32. I wish that you ____ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concertA. had notB. did not have hadC. hadn’t hadD. hadn’t have33. The chairman insisted that we ____the question againA. will discussB. to discussC. should discussD. will be discussed34. He requested that the students ____them get in cropsA. helpB. to helpC. helpedD. helping35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____the rulesA. obeysB. ObeyC. will obeyD. would obey36. I wish I ____here thenA. wasB. had beenC. wereD. would be37. It is strange that he ____back so earlyA. cameB. will comeC. had comeD. should have come38. Mother suggested that I ___my homework first before watching TVA. didB. doC. shall doD. have done39. My suggestion is that the meeting ____off till nest SundayA. be putB. putC. should putD. had been put40. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ thereA. had beenB. has beenC. wasD. been41. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before elevenA. must finishB. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished42. ---Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to……----Don’t call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Par ker to you, and ____ you forget it!A. doB. didn’tC. didD. don’t43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I ____ but I ____ all this morningA. would, have washedB. could, have been washingC. would have, have been washingD. could have, had washing44. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worseA. had triedB. hadn’t triedC. have triedD. didn’t try45. ----How could I thank you enough----Don’t mention it. Any other man ____itA. must doB. could doC. would have doneD. should have done46. Key European governments insist Iraq’s co-operation ____ good and military action______ to allow inspections to continueA. be, be delayedB. is, delayC. should be, be delayedD. is , be delayed47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, ____more deathsA. it would have been B. it would be C. there would be D. there would have been48. What the customers_____ from the company is that the goods ____ right to their homes.A. requested, deliver B. demand, be deliveredC. request, should deliverD. demand, delivered49. If law-breakers _____ the society will be in disorderA. made unpunishedB. came unpunishedC. went unpunishedD. not punished50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we ____lateA. would beB. wereC. will beD. would have been51. Supposing he never ____, what would happen thenA. comeB. cameC. would comeD. will come52. What do you think his proposal that we ____ a play at the English meetingA. had put onB. should put onC. have put onD. will put on53. I hope that you ____ rightA. will beB. should beC. wereD. would be54. As you know, I am a disabled man, but I would be happy if I ___of service to youA. amB. have beenC. should beD. would be55. He insisted that we ____early the next morningA. startB. startedC. would startD. had started56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brotherA. has comeB. did comeC. had comeD. came57. We ____last night, but we went to the cinema insteadA. must have studiedB. might studyC. would studyD. would have studied58. If it _____the snow, we _____the Simian Mountain last weekA. were not, could have climbedB. were not, could climbC. had not been , could have climbedD. had not been, could climb答案1-10 C B D B C C C B A A11-20 D A B A C D B C D A21-30 D C C B A C B B A B31-40 D C C A B B D B A A41-50 C D C B C D D B C D51-58 B B A A AC D C。

动词的语气及练习(含答案)第四章动词的语气一.概念语气有三种:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.语气表示说话人对劝词所示示的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法.二.相关知识点精讲1.辨别if引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别If he has time,he will go with us.=Probably he has time and will go with us.If he had time,he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.2.虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表if条件句中的谓与动词主句的谓与动词与现在的事实相反1.行为动词用did形式2.be动词用wereshouldwouldcould+动词原形might与过去的事实相反had+doneshouldwouldcould+have+donemight与将来的事实相反1.行为动词用did2.should+动词原形3.were to+动词原形shouldwouldcould+动词原形might3.混合时间的虚拟语气如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。

1)0If I had received the passport yesterday,I would start today.2)If he had telephoned me last night,I would see him now.3)If he had followed the doctor’s advice,he would be all right now.4)If China had not been liberated,the working people would still be leading a miserable life.4.should/could/might/ought to+have done表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做”needn’t have done表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”5.虚拟语气中的倒装句如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were,had,could,should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were,had,should,could之后。

朗读技巧及训练目录第一章朗读的基本知识一、朗读的基本要求二、语音变化的处理第二章停顿一、停顿的种类二、停顿的处理第三章重音一、重音的种类二、重音的处理第四章语气一、语气的色彩二、语调第五章节奏一、根据内容确定朗读速度二、根据情感色彩确定朗读速度第六章不同体裁作品的朗读一、说明文朗读要领二、记叙文朗读要领三、寓言、童话、故事朗读要领四、诗歌朗读要领第一章朗读的基本知识一、朗读的基本要求1、读音要准确。

读音要准确，包含两个意思。

一是要用以北京语音为标准音的普通话读；二是要把握每个字的正确读音，防止读错。

要注意多音多义字；二要注意形似字；三要注意形声字；四要注意变调。

2、吐字要清晰。

一要注意吐字的要求；二要加强练习。

3、朗读前的准备工作。

一要理解内容；二能看到形象；三需体会感情。

二、语音变化处理（一）轻声的处理方法作品中句子里的语气助词读轻声，它们一般居于句尾，仅标示句子语气，不表征句子意义，只是一种辅助作用；另外句子中的结构助词、时态助词，方位助词均读轻声，它们也不是词的主要成份，仅对词义起辅助说明作用。

[例一]懒狮子抬起头来，慢吞吞地说：“我才不去吃那苦头呢！”（《两只小狮子》）另外，朗读时句子中单音节重叠动词、有关称呼的重叠名词以及双音节单纯词的第二个音节也念轻声。

[例一]明明轻轻地走过去，扒开草一看，好大的一只蛐蛐。

（《明明上学》）朗读中，还会遇到个别相邻音节全是上声，如果照其声调原原本本朗读的话，就会既拗口又使人听起来不顺耳，为此，需要变调。

[例一]鼓舞、敏感、尽管[例二]突然，四面八方响起了枪声。

（《王小二》）朗读中，“一”、“不”也需做变调处理。

[例一]油亮脖子金黄脚，要比漂亮我第一。

……老马说：“因为他们懂得，美不美不光在外表，还要看能不能帮助人们做事。

”（《美丽的公鸡》）[例二]一只乌鸦口渴了，……乌鸦看见有一个瓶子。

（《乌鸦喝水》）（二）各类装饰音的处理朗读中，为了强化文章的思想情感，还需配有一定的色彩语音，即装饰音。