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我对考试的看法的英语作文篇1Since school comes into being, the test standard has been used to appraise performance of students. So far it is still being used, which may suggest that actually there are some advantages in it. However, it is also highly possible that the test standard is a not ideal way to find out what students have learned and what they haven't. Most school is still using it just because there is no better method to replace it.In my opinion, the following three points are the critical flaws in the test standard.One of the most harmful effects on the test method is that it will force us to study just for passing tests, not for acquiring knowledge especially in China. Obviously the final object of education is XXX us intellective by learning more knowledge. While the test is only a way to examine the level of students' studies, it has been deteriorated to a sifter deciding the fate of students. Why can it be called a terrible sifter? Now in the tests, which decide who can enter a higher school, thousands of poor students, who want a splendid future, must prepare for the tests by finishing a great deal of practices. Those practice tests are heavy-laden to them. So in this case, how can they be expected to study to obtain knowledge? To them that are enough if they can reach the level which tests need. In the end what our nationwill get, genuine persons with ability or just test robots?Secondly, tests will bring the examinees great pressure, which can affect their lives. A typical example of this is that most young students have worn glasses even though some of them are still children. For preparing for tests, they must spend a lot of time on doing their homework so that their eyesight becomes worse and worse. And the more time they spend on those, the less time they have for playing and relaxing. Consequently, there is a bad influence on their health.Thirdly, in fact, test system itself can not veraciously estimate who is better than others because there are many factors impacting the results of test. For instance, someone cheated in test so that his score would be higher than others. Or someone who was too nervous to perform well fell in the test.Only in spare time and no pressure of tests existent, students can study simply for the fun, for obtaining knowledge and for the things that they are really interested in. But now the test system is the only way to select which one is better, who can reach better school and who can get good job. Then what we can do is to improve the test system or hope that something better will be invented and replace the test system.我对考试的看法的英语作文篇2In my opinion, examinations are one of the important activities in school life. I have gone through all sorts of examinations since my primary school. I have tasted the flavor of happiness and sadness.Before examinations I always have a hard time and don't know what to do.During examinations I feel nervous and sometimes my mind bees blank Only after examinations does the world seem to be bright again and am I brimming with vigor. Weoften plain that our teachers make trouble for us on purpose. But it is not true.The fact is that examinations are just a way to-help us do better in our study.我对考试的看法的英语作文篇3for going on with my further studies,i took the entrance examination in a senior middle school last week.i still remember there were more than three hundred candidates taking part in this examination. for the first day,in the morning,chinese was easy. we were required to write a composition of 250 words on "my home life",and give definitions and illustrations to twenty phrases. in the afterno on,we took an english examination. there were dictation,sentence formation,and analysis for oral english. in the oral examination,i was questioned about my home life,my experience in the junior middle school and my future prospects.on the second day,we were examined on history and geography in the morning and physics and chemistry in the afternoon.为了进一步学习,我上周在一所高中参加了入学考试。
湛江2024年统编版小学英语第二单元期中试卷考试时间：90分钟（总分:110）A卷一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. 听力题：The moon is ___. (bright)2. 填空题：In autumn, the nights become __________. (凉爽的)3. 听力题：I need to ___ (study/nap) for my test.4. 填空题：A ___ (小刺猬) has sharp spines for protection.5. 听力题：A _______ is a reaction that occurs under anaerobic conditions.6. 选择题：What do we call the act of enhancing one's capabilities?A. ImprovementB. DevelopmentC. AdvancementD. All of the Above答案：D7. 听力题：I see a _____ in the sky. (cloud)8. 填空题：The _____ (生态系统) helps maintain biodiversity.9. land reclamation) creates new land from oceans or rivers. 填空题：The ____They _____ (play/plays) soccer in the park.11. 听力题：The ____ has a cheerful song and is often heard in the morning.12. 选择题：What is the name of the largest mammal in the ocean?A. SharkB. WhaleC. DolphinD. Seal13. 填空题：I enjoy making ________ (手工艺品) in art class.14. 填空题：The __________ is an underwater landform. (海底山脉)15. 听力题：The ____ has a long neck and eats leaves from tall trees.16. 听力题：The capital of Azerbaijan is __________.17. 填空题：________ (植物可持续性) is vital for future.18. 填空题：A sea urchin has a hard, spiky ______ (外壳).19. 填空题：The capital of Rwanda is ________ (基加利).20. 填空题：A ______ (植物的保育措施) can protect vulnerable species.21. 听力题：It is important to eat ________ food.22. 听力题：The chemical formula for behenic acid is ______.23. 听力题：The _______ of sound can be affected by the surrounding environment.Lunar rocks brought back by astronauts have been dated to be about ______ billion years old.25. 听力题：A _______ can help to demonstrate the principles of thermodynamics.26. 填空题：We should respect all _____ (自然环境).27. 听力题：I enjoy _____ (参加) sports events.28. ts are __________ (有毒的) and should not be touched. 填空题：Some pla29. 填空题：I love to feel the __________ on my face during a sunny day. (微风)30. 听力题：A non-metal typically has a ______ melting point.31. 填空题：Plants release _____ (氧气) during photosynthesis.32. 听力题：The moon is _______ (bright) in the night.33. 听力题：She is _______ (learning) to play the guitar.34. 选择题：What do we call the study of the Earth?A. BiologyB. GeographyC. AstronomyD. Physics答案:B35. 选择题：What is the opposite of thick?A. ThinB. SlimC. NarrowD. All of the above答案:DWhat is the opposite of 'early'?A. LateB. PromptC. TimelyD. On time答案:A37. 填空题：The _______ (The Civil Rights Movement) sought to eliminate racial inequality.38. 听力题：The chemical formula for lead(II) sulfide is _____.39. 选择题：What do we use to write on paper?A. PaintB. PencilC. BrushD. Marker答案: B40. 选择题：What is the process of water turning into vapor called?A. CondensationB. EvaporationC. PrecipitationD. Filtration答案:B41. 选择题：What is 3 x 3?A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 942. 选择题：What is the capital city of Australia?A. SydneyB. CanberraC. MelbourneD. Brisbane答案:BThe ________ (initiative) encourages innovation.44. 选择题：How many sides does a square have?A. ThreeB. FourC. FiveD. Six答案:B45. 填空题：The parrot can learn to _______ (说话) easily.46. 填空题：My uncle is a . (我叔叔是一位。
小学下册英语第1单元真题试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.What do we call the process of capturing sunlight to produce energy?A. Solar EnergyB. Wind EnergyC. Hydroelectric EnergyD. Biomass EnergyA2.What is the name of the famous theme park in California?A. Universal StudiosB. DisneylandC. SeaWorldD. Busch GardensB3.What do you call the place where you buy books?A. LibraryB. BookstoreC. SchoolD. OfficeB4.What do we call a large area of water surrounded by land?A. LakeB. PondC. RiverD. OceanA5.He _____ (runs/jumps) very fast.6.The flowers in the garden are _______ and fresh.7.________ (植物扩散模式) is fascinating.8.The process of sublimation goes directly from solid to ______.9.What is the capital city of Bangladesh?A. DhakaB. ChittagongC. KhulnaD. Sylhet10. A raccoon is known for its black ______ (面具).11.An acid-base neutralization reaction produces ______.12.We go to school by _____ (车).13.The _____ (电脑) is new.14.What is the opposite of "near"?A. CloseB. FarC. RightD. Left15. A parakeet's social behavior makes it a friendly ________________ (伴侣).16.My favorite drink is ________ (热巧克力) in winter.17.She likes to collect ___. (stickers)18.My favorite dish is ______ (意大利菜).19.The first manmade object to orbit Earth was _______.20.We go ___ (shopping/hiking) on weekends.21.I have a toy _______ that can wiggle and dance.22.What do you call a large area covered with ice?A. GlacierB. IcebergC. SnowfieldD. IcecapA23.The __________ (海上丝绸之路) connected Asia to Europe.24.What is the opposite of "hot"?A. WarmB. ColdC. CoolD. SunnyB25.The dog is ___ (barking/silent).26.The formula for calculating density is mass divided by ______.27.What is the color of an orange fruit?A. GreenB. PurpleC. OrangeD. Blue28.What is the color of a typical fire?A. BlueB. RedC. YellowD. Both B and C29. e of Hastings took place in _______. (1066年) The Batt30.We visit the ______ (科学实验室) for hands-on activities.31.What do you wear on your head?A. ShoesB. HatC. GlovesD. BeltB32. A process that separates mixtures is called ______.33.Who is the author of "Harry Potter"?A. J.K. RowlingB. J.R.R. TolkienC. Roald DahlD. Mark TwainA34.What is the term for a young aardvark?A. KitB. PupC. CalfD. HatchlingC35.The _______ can be a fun way to express creativity.36.All living things need ______ to survive.37.The dog is _____ (barking/sleeping) in the yard.38.What is 5 x 1?A. 1B. 5C. 10D. 1539. A ________ (刺客) can blend into its surroundings for protection.40.What is the primary function of the heart?A. To digest foodB. To pump bloodC. To filter wasteD. To provide energyB To pump blood41.What do you call the study of living things?A. BiologyB. ChemistryC. PhysicsD. Geography42.Many plants have _____ that provide them with nutrients from the sun. (许多植物具有光合作用的能力，从阳光中获取营养。
U1acquisition thrust concentration distinctive specifically distinguish evidently diminishadjust function1. The risk from viruses certainly hasn't diminished ; on the contrary, it has mushroomed and people can easily get infected with virus.2. I like wild sunflower not because it has a(n) distinctive North American flavor but because its image is closely connected with our continent's early history.3. One of the main characteristics that distinguish the male bird from female bird is that the former has beautiful feathers.4. He went to apply for hundreds of jobs with a master's degree in computer science but ended up with nothing. Evidently, it's because he was disabled.5. Some books are specially designed to tell us information about the social, cultural or professional life of the country.6. I was embarrassed as an American for having thrust such an awful concept upon the French, saying that the French hated the idea of the theme park, Euro Disney.7. In places where it does not rain very often, the function of canals is to drain water from rivers or lakes and carry it to fields.8. There is also evidence of slower acquisition of language and a higher frequency of learning difficulties for these physically disabled students.9. If you must sit facing the desk, shift your chair slightly as you sit down or adjust your body in the chair slightly so that you can be right in front of your interviewer.10. Clever readers focus their attention, keeping their concentration on the material they know best and answering questions quickly because they are confident.assembly moist earnest destinationmoisture proclaim asset questrally exclaim1. Last Saturday, about 5,000 people held a protest march and rally against social discrimination against all people with AIDS.2. When appearing in court, my friend Debra exclaimed in anger to a judge to defend her actions, "I wasn't hurting anyone!"3. Human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief, which has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people.4. Henry Ford was one of the first to apply assembly line manufacturing to the mass production of affordable automobiles.5. Unless you have a heated greenhouse, you will have difficulty in keeping the plant indoors for very long because they need a really warm and moist atmosphere.6. In dry weather, you'd better water your vegetables, flowers, and plants in the morning before the earth loses too much moisture .7. When you are faced with a difficult situation, you may rely on some of your assets such as family, friends, skills, education, money, and good health.8. After many years' searching of the world, her quest for her missing brother finally succeeded when she found him in Africa9. She decided long ago that she would study the subject of physics in earnest as soon as she was accepted by the school.10. He regretted that he hadn't followed his friend's suggestion. If he had taken the short-cut across the river, he would have arrived at the destination much earlier.A. fluentB. acquisitionC. diverseD. reverseE. competentF. competitiveG. skim H. beneficial I. enhanceJ. engage K. comprehension L. confusionM. proficiency N. exposure O. efficiencyTesting has replaced teaching in most public schools. Instead of teaching reading or writing skills which are beneficial to students, now teachers are somehow encouraged to reverse the learning process. For instance, they ask students to read the questions at the end of a reading text first, and then teach them to skim the text for the answers with various test-taking skills. We wonder whether the test-taking skills really help improve their language proficiency.The ability to read or write should enhance the ability to do reasonably well on comprehension of reading texts or fluent writing. However, neither reading nor writing develops simply through learning test-taking skills. Teachers must be careful when they teach students how to read and write to avoid any false language acquisition . Too many discussions on test-taking skills will only end up with more confusion in learning because students have become more interested in test-taking skills rather than concentrating on the nature and quality of what should be taught.As a result, students may be competent in taking tests while they have little or no exposure to serious reading or thinking. They are unable to understand or talk about what they read, which is definitely disastrous to their academic preparation.U2persist boost invest orientevaluate accumulate accelerate calculatespeculate undertake1. The United Nations official said to undertake a new peace move in the Middle East when there is a chance to reach an agreement.2. We might speculate further from the story and say that these people probably lived very close to the well because of the importance of water to life.3. As they are not sure about the situation in the flood-stricken area, they will first send trained nurses there to evaluate the needs of each patient.4. If the extremely hostile relationships tend to persist , the conflicts between the two parties make it difficult to recognize that they share common needs and goals.5. As more students are inclined to choose business as their major, the college has to offer more courses that are business- oriented .6. If workers believe inflation is likely to accelerate , they will demand higher wages to compensate for expected increases in prices.7. If you have a good planning to set aside 500 dollars per month, it would take two years to accumulated the minimum sum needed for your child.8. If the population continues to rise at the present rate, scientists have calculated that the world's population will double by the end of the century.9. The cost of repairing damaged public facilities is so high that some local governments are unwilling to invest in the rebuilding projects.10. According to recent research reports, learning a new dance step may boost the brain in the same way that learning a language does.liable liberal unconscious objective promising realistic sufficient dominantcynical destructive1. Both parents and teachers are very concerned about the destructive effects that violent films may have on children.2. If you keep interrupting me, it is unlikely that I will have sufficient time to give you the complete picture which you are so anxious to get!3. The new method is both reliable and objective ; furthermore, it has benefited greatly from the development of computer technology.4. Of all the media, the Internet is clearly dominant , with television a close second, at least as a source of news and other information.5. Body movements are often unconscious forms of expressions, and they can convey certain information to the audience.6. The school principal has some liberal views about what his students should wear and how much freedom should allow them.7. Word meanings are especially liable to change because people learn them by hearing them in context rather than by looking up the standard definition.8. The company seems promising because the electronic and printing unit alone has annual sales of about $80 million.9. During the time of economic depression, many people may seem to be cynical about what the government might do, and they just cannot believe the wealthy officials. 10. The bottom line is that I have tried to be true to myself at all times and in all situations, and I simply don't think it is realistic to expect anything else.enroll bother install investrecruit reform revise shrink acknowledge confirm1. Steve Jobs has been acknowledged as a genius in business; his greatest skills are his insight, creative mind, and his management ability.2. To keep the companies going, firms need to recruit candidates frequently to replace those who choose not to continue their contracts.3. I believe I have to revise my ideas about my boss —he's stubborn sometimes but very clever and creative in many cases.4. In order to improve their job skills —to get new jobs or to advance in the ones they already have, many enroll in some forms of continuing education courses.5. In business settings, email is best used to convey some key information, to confirm appointments, to document decisions, or to contact a decision maker directly.6. Wetland losses have caused populations of some bird species —starved for water, food, and nesting sites —to shrink by 60 to 80 percent.7. Better technology means you can install more sensitive alarm systems in your home and carry less cash on the street.8. The name Joe particularly bothers me as some think it makes me more qualified to be a baseball player rather than an art critic.9. We can surely reform our public health care system, but it still gives us, for all its flaws, the best health care in the world.10. The manual labor in the countryside for 10 years had invested him with a strong will and perseverance to overcome difficulties.A. calculateB. assertsC. distinguishD. literallyE. securedF. broadenedG. performs H. insight I. accumulateJ. inserts K. just L. extremelyM. bound N. perceive O. sightWhy study the humanities? The 19th-century English philosopher John StuartMill asserts that, instead of places for pure learning, universities ought to be places that literally encourage students to become good human beings.This assertion may sound out-of-date since most college students today are bound to learn knowledge and special skills. According to Mill, human beings are just human beings before they are lawyers or doctors. Mill further explains that a strong liberal arts curriculum will make lawyers or doctors see differently with broadened horizons.But can someone be a successful lawyer of great inner insight without studying the humanities? Yes. Can someone succeed in business or medicine without the liberal arts? Sure. But we ought to distinguish"the goodness of the operation" from the "goodness of the operator". How well someone performs in a specialized field is not necessary to do with how well a person behaves as a good human being.The study of the humanities, therefore, prepares students for their future "philosophic habit of mind" —something extremely different from an Internet and Information Age which values speed and instant satisfaction. On the contrary, studying the humanities enables us to accumulate slow, on-going knowledge to respond to the basic questions of our age, a means of human betterment.U3deceive distract confuse hesitatesnap rouse affirm surrenderwitness acquaint1. More and more unexpected stress and pressure began to get to her, and one morning she just snapped as she could no longer bear them.2. The young and handsome speaker was standing in front of a large crowd of people, attempting to rouse the crowd with a cry for action.3. No matter where we are, we must not let cultural, racial, or social barriers distract us from the job that must be done on our responsibility.4. The government has surrendered itself to the pressure from big business and companies and eventually brought down interest rates.5. The fresh air and bright sunlight deceived me into thinking I might still have some youthful energy left in these old bones of mine.6. The man denied having witnessed the accident because he was afraid of getting himself involved in a long process of investigation.7. The press gave a completely different version of the events, which greatly confused those who tried to understand the truth.8. He continued to affirm that the introduction of divorce would make it more difficult for people to lead "good moral lives".9. Staff members were asked to acquaint themselves with what had been discussed and covered if they were absent from the meeting yesterday.10. The young writer hesitated , reluctant to destroy any part of his own work, for which he had devoted all his time for quite a few years.equivalent static chaotic alertfeasible coarse stable implicitrefined sensible1. It's understandable that at 15,000 feet, no pilot who is already suffering from the effects of lack of oxygen will be able to make sensible decisions.2. English law says that circumstances of a marriage aren't static, and therefore a judge should decide how financial assets will be divided in cases of divorce.3. Contrary to young people, mature adults would prefer to choose some professions that are stable and could bring prestige and economic benefits.4. The new manager of the company complained several times that he could not work effectively under such chaotic conditions.5. She didn't openly attack the plan, but the fact that she was against it was implicit in her silence when others were saying things in support of it.6. Reserved speaking style and refined manners are always considered characteristic of English gentlemen.7. I respected her because she was very polite and, like the rest of her people, never laughed if an outsider said something coarse .8. Now that we have the extra resources from the local government, the long-term project started a year ago seems economically feasible .9. Passengers on the plane were told to stay alert at all times and report any suspicious packages to the crew members immediately.10. Several games based on the "Star Wars" movies require players to choose between the light and dark sides of the Force, equivalent to good and evil.A. mysteriousB. previousC. fluidD. liquidE. indispensableF. stableG. miserable H. labeled I. shiftJ. implicit K. exploit L. exploreM. tends N. intends O. frameI don't want any sort of traditional stability in my life right now. The thought of marriage, staying in one place and doing one thing, will make me feel miserable because there are too many things on my to-do list. Don't take me wrong that I won't shift to marriage, but certainly not yet.The previous four common life phases, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age, are now added with two more, labeled"odyssey" and "active retirement". Of the new ones, the less understood is odyssey that frequently occurs between adolescence and adulthood.For our parents' generation, adulthood tends to be defined by achieving certain things. We all know them –owning a house, having a stable career, getting married and ultimately having children.We use "finding ourselves" to frame the concept of the odyssey years, but it's more important for us to understand the implicit meaning: the pursuit of knowledge and making use of the accessibility of information and experiences around us.In a time when everything is fluid, it seems that the old recipes and time frames for accomplishing things don't apply. We don't have the same expectations as we once had.We explore to find our own meanings to things and give voices to our hearts. It seems it becomes more important to find out why we are here before we choose to settle.A. diminishedB. demonstratedC. alertD. radicalE. surrenderF. surviveG. affirms H. afford I. affectJ. effect K. soaked L. soapedM. sensitive N. sensible O. somehowTeenagers are different from people of other age groups. The differences canbe demonstrated from how they behave. In fact, the brains of teenagers are very different from those of children or adults.Once people believed it was sensible that the human brain was fully developed by the age of three. According to this theory, teenager behaviors like risk-taking, a lack of sensitivity to how their actions affect both themselves and others, increased aggressive deeds, diminished concentration and a negative attitude were thought to be due to bad parenting or changes in body chemistry.However, new technology has allowed researchers to examine the healthy brain at work. What they have discovered is something radical: Not only does the brain continue to grow beyond the age of three, but the research also affirms that the brain of a teenager is larger than that of an adult.As teen brains are soaked with chemicals during adolescence phase, the brain grows. However, only the cells that are used the most will survive the competition within the brain. Those that are used less begin to die off until the brain reaches what will be its adult size.The way that teens spend their time somehow influences which connections remain and which disappear. On the basis of this knowledge, experts advise parents tobe alert on how their teenagers spend their time. What teens do today will affect their brains for the rest of their lives.U4ambitious cautious immune dynamic preliminary indifferent pessimistic superb weird abnormal1. Even though the global economic situation is pessimistic , not everyone is so pessimistic about the future. They believe it will be recovered in a few years.2. The lab director said that the experiment was at its preliminary stage and they would need more time to come to a final result.3. The local people have been so realistic and cautious about any changes that the progress of reform has been very slow.4. The U.S. is definitely a telephone country. This is partly due to the fact that the telephone service is superb there, whereas the postal service is less efficient.5. Although we did a lot better than most or even than our own expectations, we are not entirely immune to that criticism from those who are trying to find fault with us.6. While the occurrences in Bermuda Triangle have been reported that the area is filled with weird happenings, he was not apparently disturbed by what he had seen.7. I truly believe I would not be the strong and ambitious person as I am today if I did not have a hearing disability, an innate physical problem.8. Many reports show that earthquake occurrences can be predicted by abnormal animal behavior that can be seen minutes as well as weeks before the events.9. The University of London is located in one of the world's most dynamic cities, which can offer international students an exciting cultural life as well as the very best course choice.10. Before the competition, she assumed that she had a winner on her hands, but her indifference to the rivals led to her ultimate failure.thrill incline weave forgefrown impulse initiative contact consequently exceedingly1. We all buy goods on impulse sometimes, simply because we saw them on the shelf of the shop and they looked tempting.2. My coach checked his watch and frowned , "This is not acceptable for a promising young athlete like you." I lowered my head, pretending to feel shame.3. While the population has increased only 40 percent since 1960, violent crime in America has increased 550 percent, so Americans are exceedingly worried about it.4. Believe me, it's a real thrill to see my own story published in a national newspaper and so favorably reviewed by famous critics.5. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to be straightforward and possess high levels of self-confidence.6. I bought a used car last month, and it often caused trouble. Yesterday, my car broke down again and consequently I was late for my physics class.7. AIDS spreads in three basic ways: first, through sexual intercourse; second, through contact with diseased blood; and third from an HIV mother to her baby.8. Under the poet's wide imaginations, nature and mystery were woven into the poems –along with fear and sophisticated ideas, so it's hard for readers to understand.9. Because of a stupid mistake in our decision-making process, we lost the chance to take the initiative in the business deal; the other side has taken advantage of it now.10. You are the person who is responsible and enthusiastic, making our work possible, so I'll try to forge more reliable links between us.A. dictateB. deserveC. makeD. reserveE. charityF. formulaG. security H. demanding I. daringJ. fallen K. lack L. desirableM. available N. haste O. superiorChoosing a husband or wife is one of the most important decisions in a person's life. In many cultures, young men and women are daring to choose their own marriage partners. In some cultures, however, parents reserve the right to arrange their children's marriages. Such arranged marriages have both advantages and disadvantages.One advantage of having parents arrange a marriage is financial security. Of course, money doesn't automatically bring happiness, but a lack of money certainly causesstress in any relationship. A second advantage of an arranged marriage is that parents may make a better choice than their children. They are not only older but also more superior in life experience. Also, parents have been married; therefore, they know better what qualities are desirable in a spouse.On the other hand, arranged marriages may have some disadvantages. One obvious disadvantage is that parents may choose a wrong person in haste, and the young couple may never be happy together. A second obvious disadvantage is that a young man or woman may already have fallen in love with someone else. If the parents force their children to tie the knot, the result will be a disaster to all concerned.In conclusion, neither an arranged marriage nor a marriage for love is a good formula to be happy. Both kinds of marriages take work, patience, and perhaps a little bit of luck.U5defy contradict disguise derivesubmit remedy manufacture manipulatescout issue1. The global increase in house prices is a boom by design, largely manufactured by the world's central banks, led by the Federal Reserve.2. He was accused of manipulating the price of a stock by illegal means so he could buy it cheaply. Many stock holders were so angry about the scandal.3. I saw a group of people scouting the hills for a nuclear test site though they knew it might possibly cause severe and permanent damage to the environment.4. It is surprising that fewer students were prepared to submit written work on a regular basis or to study over long periods.5. Even though he was issued an explicit warning, he still insisted on having his own way, which eventually led to this disaster.6. Even though love is considered noble and pure, the open nature of the true love contradicts the fact that love is often selfish and ego-centered.7. To regulate school policies on cheating and improper behavior among students, those who defy rules and cheat in exams will be forced to drop out.8. The German soldiers disguised themselves as English troops, but their accents gave them away, so they were finally discovered by the English officers.9. Ever since the peace crisis started in the Middle East, a great deal has been done internationally to remedy the situation in that area.10. He believes that all scientists should derive their theories from the first hand experiments and approved research.hinder prohibit filter shrugstagger retain resume suspendimpose dissolve1. In some countries churches are not allowed to impose their beliefs on people, but they are allowed to practice their faith freely.2. Even though the oil price is increasing all the time, it was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports for domestic armed conflicts.3. Since the natural processes for filtering water can clean only a certain amount of water by removing the pollution, new technique must be introduced for purified water.4. The Beatles dissolved in 1970, but the Rolling Stones were still performing in the 1990s, being active and famous for more than thirty years.5. Since many car accidents are related with distracted driving, now at least 25 countries restrict or prohibit the use of cell phones and other wireless technology while driving.6. Unless a child's daydreaming is hindering him from progressing in school or from gaining social skills, there is no need to discourage it.7. Even though he was not very popular among his colleagues, he staggered everyone by suddenly announcing that he was leaving the company at the end of the month. 8. People can figure out the meaning of certain gestures or body languages. He shrugged his shoulders as if there was nothing he could do about it.9. The Bosnian peace-talks are resuming in Geneva in a couple of days with the up-to-date proposals at the top of the agenda.10. Paul Allen has made quite an impact on the region and the world. In 2000, he retired from Microsoft, but the company retained him as a permanent advisor to top executives.A. perspectiveB. initiativeC. optionD. portionE. principleF. principalG. explicit H. implicit I. seemJ. assume K. resume L. suspendedM. suspected N. tackle O. fundsI'm often asked how much spending money college students need. While that may seem like a simple question, the answer is different for each student and family. Iwill suggest a way for each student and family to find out for themselves. Obviously, I assume the family is providing some financial support to the student for college. This is both because I think it's the norm AND because I think parents have no option. Remember, I also think students should be responsible for some portion of their college costs –even if the family can afford to pay for everything! The principal term here is "spending money." While you probably have a clear picture of what spending money is, everyone's perspective is different. The point is each family needs to sit down together and talk –to have an open and explicit talk about money. Is the expense required, optional, a luxury, etc.? Should it be suspended? All parties need to hear what the other thinks on this topic. Families need to decide whether the student needs help managing funds and making decisions about money. Define whose responsibility each expense is. Does the parent pay the cell phone bill? Does the student pay the gasoline bill? Also, discuss how to tackle"emergencies." They need to know whether or not there is ANY possibility of additional money in the future.U6venture protest preserve rejoiceprovoke renew highlight withstandstir overlook1. Although I think they overlooked their past, they would be marrying into another culture anyway since they seemed so compatible together.2. Gordon is a popular manager but he did not renew his contract with the company, which means he may leave the company soon.3. While a severe cold spread through her quivering figure, the old woman rejoiced in being free from the nightmare and the horrible memories forever.4. It is said that the party's ignorant and arrogant behavior over the years towards reserved and moderate criticism provoked the political crisis.5. Trying to convince the school that it's not her fault, the teacher protested that she should not take blame for student's cheating and that she was totally innocent.6. The difficult situation of children who were infected with HIV was highlighted Princess Diana when she presented a report to a London conference.7. All stages from eggs to adults must be capable of withstanding low environmental temperatures; eggs especially have to be cold-resistant throughout the winter.8. The government and industrial leaders were recently warned that those who even venture to think about mass layoffs were playing with fire.9. What you said must have stirred up some memories for her, days of wine and roses, nights of sufferings, wandering in the streets with intense hunger and piercing cold.。
中考英语书面表达记叙文人物描写练习题50题带答案1. My sister has long hair and big eyes. She is very _______. Which word can't be used here?A. kindB. shyC. tallD. ugly答案：D。
解析：在描写人物时，对于外貌可以用“has long hair and big eyes”这种表达拥有什么外貌特征的句型。
对于性格方面，“kind（友善的）”“shy（害羞的）”都是常见的描述性格的形容词。
而“tall（高的）”可以描述外貌身材。
这里说姐姐，根据一般的情感倾向不会用“ugly（丑陋的）”来形容。
2. When my friend Tom comes to a party, he always _______ with everyone. He is so _______.A. talks; friendlyB. talk; shyC. talking; kindD. talked; funny答案：A。
解析：在描述人物在聚会中的行为时，“talk with sb（和某人交谈）”是常用的动作表达，这里主语是he，一般现在时动词要用第三人称单数形式talks。
“friendly（友好的）”是描述性格的形容词，说明他在聚会上和大家交谈时表现出的友好态度。
3. My mother _______ a round face and she _______ cooking very much.A. have; likeC. had; likedD. is having; is liking答案：B。
解析：描述外貌时“have a round face（有一张圆脸）”，主语my mother 是第三人称单数，一般现在时动词用has。
表示爱好“like doing sth（喜欢做某事）”，同样主语是第三人称单数，动词用likes。
小学上册英语第四单元期中试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1. A fish lives in _________ (水).2.The chemical formula for zinc oxide is _____.3.The island of Greenland is mostly ________ (冰盖).4.I have a favorite __________ (玩具类型) that is __________ (形容词).5.The state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape is _____.6.The _____ (desk/table) is made of wood.7. A chemical reaction can be classified based on the changes it causes in ______.8.I want to ___ a musician. (become)9.The ________ (河流) Thames flows through London.10.The parakeet can learn to mimic human ________________ (语言).11.The ______ writes poems and songs.12.The __________ (沙滩) is a popular vacation spot.13.The __________ is a famous city known for its wine production. (波尔多)14.The cake is very ___. (rich)15.The ________ was a key event in the development of democracy.16.The _____ (fennel) plant has a distinct flavor.17.Certain plants can ______ (为动物提供) food and shelter.18. A __________ solution has less solute than it can dissolve.19.My sister is learning to play the ____ (trumpet).20.The monkey is ________ in the zoo.21.She has a ________ (passion) for art.22.The ancient Egyptians used _______ for mummification.23.What do we call a person who performs magic tricks?A. IllusionistB. MagicianC. EntertainerD. All of the above24.What is the term for the energy produced by nuclear fusion in stars?A. Stellar EnergyB. Radiant EnergyC. Cosmic EnergyD. Gravitational Energy25.I like to draw _______ (我喜欢画_______).26.The _______ (The Space Race) was marked by significant technological advancements.27.The ______ (植物的医用特性) are explored in research.28.What do you call a story that is made up?A. BiographyB. FictionC. Non-fictionD. History答案:B29.The river is _____ (wide/narrow).30.I love to _______ (做运动) every day.31.My friend loves __________ (科学实验).32.I saw a _______ (小鲸鱼) swimming in the ocean.33.The teacher is _____ us a new game. (showing)34. A substance that absorbs moisture from the air is called a(n) _______.35.I call my father's sister __________. (姑姑)36.Which animal can fly?A. ElephantB. DogC. SparrowD. Fish答案:C37.What do we call the time when the sun sets?A. DawnB. DuskC. NoonD. Midnight38. A __________ has a long neck and legs, often found in Africa.39.What is the name of the famous American singer known for "Jolene"?A. Reba McEntireB. Dolly PartonC. Carrie UnderwoodD. Miranda Lambert答案:B40. A __________ is a popular site for cultural exchange.41.I enjoy learning about ______ in science class.42.What do we call the process of moving from one place to another?A. MigrationB. JourneyC. TravelD. Voyage答案:A Migration43.The __________ is a famous archaeological site in Mexico. (特奥蒂瓦坎)44.I like to ride my ______ (摩托车) along the beach on sunny days.45.My favorite ice cream flavor is ______.46. A ______ has a very keen eyesight.47.What do we call the study of numbers?A. BiologyB. MathematicsC. ChemistryD. Physics48.My cousin is a talented ____ (pianist).49. A chemical bond forms between ______.50.Telescope lenses can be made of _______ glass.51.The lemur is native to _________ (马达加斯加).52. A ________ (花坛) is often found in parks.53.The pizza is _____ (hot/cold) and cheesy.54.The chemical symbol for sulfur is _____.55.What is the primary ingredient in sauerkraut?A. CabbageB. CarrotC. OnionD. Beet56.What do we call the natural process by which rainwater is absorbed into the ground?A. InfiltrationB. EvaporationC. PrecipitationD. Transpiration57.What is the name of the structure that protects your foot?A. ShoeB. SockC. SandalD. Boot答案:A58.The country known for its historical significance is ________ (以历史重要性闻名的国家是________).59.What is the term for a baby sheep?A. CalfB. KidC. LambD. Pup答案:C60.What is the term for a group of words that expresses a complete thought?A. SentenceB. PhraseC. ClauseD. Paragraph答案:A61.What do you call a place where you can watch plays?A. TheaterB. CinemaC. MuseumD. Concert hall答案:A62.I can ride my ___. (bicycle)63.What do we call a large-scale farming operation?A. PlantationB. RanchC. OrchardD. Garden答案:A64.The musician plays various _____ (乐器) skillfully.65.What is the name of the famous character known for his red and white striped hat?A. The Cat in the HatB. WaldoC. The GrinchD. Dr. Seuss66.I like to listen to _____ (music/radio) while studying.67.Which instrument has black and white keys?A. GuitarB. DrumsC. PianoD. Violin答案:C68.My dad likes to _______ (动词) on weekends. 他觉得这个活动很 _______ (形容词).69.What do you call a person who repairs cars?A. MechanicB. ElectricianC. PlumberD. Painter70.She is _______ (cooking) dinner for her family.71.What is the main language spoken in the USA?A. SpanishB. FrenchC. EnglishD. Chinese答案:C72.I have a ___ (dream).73.What do you call a shape with four equal sides?A. RectangleB. SquareC. TriangleD. Circle答案:B74.How many months are in a year?A. TenB. TwelveC. ElevenD. Thirteen答案:B75. A _____ (植物探索活动) can spark interest in botany.76.I can ___ (swim) in the pool.77.What is the capital city of Kazakhstan?A. AlmatyB. Nur-SultanC. ShymkentD. Aktobe78.The __________ (印加帝国) was located in South America.79.I feel excited when I go to ________.80.The cake is ________ and sweet.81.Ducks like to _______ (游泳) in ponds.82.The __________ (历史书籍) provide insight into different eras.83.The owl is active at ______.84.The cow gives us fresh _________. (牛奶)85.I like to learn new games that I can play with my ________ (玩具名).86.The koala sleeps for up to _______ (20小时) a day.87.What do we call the art of folding paper into decorative shapes?A. OrigamiB. CalligraphyC. PotteryD. Weaving答案:A88.The stars are shining ________.89.What do we call the process of water turning into steam?A. FreezingB. BoilingC. MeltingD. Evaporating90.The _______ (Lousiana Purchase) doubled the size of the United States in 1803.91.小猴子) likes to climb trees. The ___92.The Earth's atmosphere contains gases that are essential for ______.93.We like to sing ________ songs.94.What is the main source of light during the day?A. MoonB. StarsC. SunD. Lamp95.The river is ______ with fish. (full)96.What is the capital city of Chile?A. Buenos AiresB. SantiagoC. LimaD. Bogotá答案:B97. A ____ is a tiny creature that can build intricate webs.98.What is the name of the area around a planet where its magnetic field interacts with solar winds?A. MagnetosphereB. AtmosphereC. ExosphereD. Thermosphere99.The Great Red Spot is a giant storm on the planet ______.100.The chemical symbol for hafnium is ______.。
高三英语科学前沿展望练习题40题(答案解析)1.Scientists are making great efforts to develop new energy sources. The word “efforts” here means _____.A.worksB.attemptsC.effectsD.results答案解析：B。
“efforts”在这个句子中意为“努力、尝试”。
选项A“works”是“作品、工作”的意思；选项B“attempts”有“尝试、企图”之意，与“efforts”在这个语境中的意思相近；选项C“effects”是“影响、效果”的意思；选项D“results”是“结果”的意思。
2.The new technology has brought many benefits to people's lives. The word “benefits” means _____.A.advantagesB.difficultiesC.challengesD.problems答案解析：A。
“benefits”意为“好处、益处”。
选项A“advantages”是“优势、好处”的意思；选项B“difficulties”是“困难”的意思；选项C“challenges”是“挑战”的意思；选项D“problems”是“问题”的意思。
3.The research on artificial intelligence is in full swing. The phrase “in full swing” means _____.A.startingB.continuingC.pausingD.stopping答案解析：B。
“in full swing”表示“正在全力进行中、热火朝天”。
选项A“starting”是“开始”的意思；选项B“continuing”是“继续”的意思，与“in full swing”的意思较为接近；选项C“pausing”是“暂停”的意思；选项D“stopping”是“停止”的意思。
“PEP”2024年小学三年级下册英语第4单元测验卷[有答案]考试时间：100分钟（总分:120）A卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、How many players are there in a soccer team?A. 9B. 10C. 11D. 122、What is the chemical symbol for water?A. O2B. CO2C. H2OD. N2答案:C3、听力题：My sister is ______ (playing) the flute.4、填空题：I love _____ (planting) flowers in the spring.5、填空题：He is a scientist, ______ (他是一名科学家), researching space.6、听力题：A mixture that appears uniform is called a ______.7、填空题：I can ______ (认真) consider new ideas.8、听力题：The ancient Greeks established the idea of ________ democracy.My dog enjoys going for _______ (散步) with me.10、填空题：My favorite animal is a ______ (猫) that loves to chase toys.11、听力题：The chemical symbol for europium is ______.12、填空题：When a candle burns, it produces _______ and carbon dioxide. (热)13、填空题：I often think about what my ________ (玩具名) would say if they could talk.14、What is the sum of 7 and 5?a. 10b. 11c. 12d. 13答案:d15、听力题：I see a __ in the garden. (bug)16、听力题：Dolphins are known for being very ______ and intelligent.17、填空题：Many plants have ______ (药用价值).18、选择题：What do we call the time of day when we go to sleep?A. MorningB. EveningC. NightD. Afternoon19、What do you call a large body of saltwater?A. LakeB. RiverC. SeaD. Ocean答案: DThe __________ is a large body of freshwater located in North America. (五大湖)21、填空题：The _____ (水资源) is critical for agriculture.22、What do you call a person who plays an instrument?A. SingerB. DancerC. MusicianD. Painter23、填空题：Egypt is famous for its ancient ________ (埃及以其古老的________) and pyramids.24、选择题：What is the name of the famous scientist who developed the theory of relativity?A. Isaac NewtonB. Albert EinsteinC. Galileo GalileiD. Nikola Tesla25、听力题：The capital of Australia is ________.26、填空题：My dad is a __________ (商业顾问).27、填空题：My favorite game is ________ (国际象棋). I play it with my ________ (兄弟).28、Which season comes after winter?A. SpringB. SummerC. FallD. Rainy29、填空题：My best friend is _______ (她的名字). 她总是很 _______ (形容词).30、填空题：The _______ (The American Civil War) significantly altered the course of US history.31、填空题：The _____ (根部) anchor the plant into the ground.Gardening can also provide opportunities for community ______ and involvement. (园艺还提供了社区参与和互动的机会。
a r X i v :h e p -p h /9810329v 2 13 O c t 1998New Results in the Physics of Neutrino OscillationsMassimo Blasone ∗Blackett Laboratory,Imperial College,Prince Consort Road,London SW72BZ,U.K.andDipartimento di Fisica dell’Universit`a di SalernoI-84100Salerno,ItalyContents:1.Introduction2.Mixing of Fermion Fields3.Neutrino Oscillations:the Exact Formula4.Berry Phase for Oscillating Neutrinos5.Discussion and Conclusions1.IntroductionNeutrino mixing and oscillations [1]are among the most interesting topics of modern Particle Physics:at theoretical level,the understanding of the origin of the small masses of neutrinos and of the mixing among generations is still a puzzling problem [2].At experi-mental level,recent results [3]seem finally to confirm the existence of neutrino oscillations and (consequently)of non vanishing masses for these particles.However,since the pioneering work of Pontecorvo [4],who first pointed out the possibility of flavor oscillations for mixed massive neutrinos,a careful analysis of the structure of the Hilbert space for mixed particles was not carried out successfully [5,6].This was achieved only recently [7]and in the present paper I report about these re-sults.I show that a study of the mixing transformations in Quantum Field Theory (QFT),reveals a rich non-perturbative structure of the vacuum for the mixed fields.This fact has phenomenological consequences on neutrino oscillations:the oscillation formula turns out to have an additional oscillating piece and energy dependent amplitudes,in contrast with the usual (quantum mechanical)Pontecorvo formula,which is however recovered in the rel-ativistic limit.I also show how the concept of a topological (Berry)phase naturally enters the physics of neutrino oscillations [8].2.Mixing of Fermion FieldsIn order to discuss neutrino oscillations in QFT,I consider the following Lagrangian for two Dirac fields νe and νµ(omit space-time dependence for brevity)L =¯νe (i ∂−m e )νe +¯νµ(i ∂−m µ)νµ−m eµ(¯νe νµ+¯νµνe ),(1)which is sufficient to describe the single particle evolution of a mixed fermion1.Mixing arisewhen the above Lagrangian is diagonalized by means of the transformationsνe (x )=ν1(x )cos θ+ν2(x )sin θνµ(x )=−ν1(x )sin θ+ν2(x )cos θ,(2)where θis the mixing angle.νe and νµare neutrino fields with definite flavors.ν1while ν2are (free)neutrino fields with definite masses m 1and m 2,respectively.In terms of ν1and ν2,the above Lagrangian readsL =¯ν1(i ∂−m 1)ν1+¯ν2(i ∂−m 2)ν2.(3)with m e =m 1cos 2θ+m 2sin 2θ,m µ=m 1sin 2θ+m 2cos 2θ,m eµ=(m 2−m 1)sin θcos θ.The free fields ν1(x )and ν2(x )are written asνi (x )=1V k ,r u r k ,i e −iωk,i t αr k ,i +v r −k ,i e iωk,i t βr †−k ,i e i k ·x ,i =1,2.(4)with ωk,i =√√1Theinclusion of interaction terms in the Lagrangian eq.(1)does not alter the following discussion which is about the transformations eq.(2).For a discussion of three flavor mixing,see ref.[7].2The generator G θ(t )is given byG θ(t )=exp θ S +(t )−S −(t ).(8)S +(t )≡d 3x ν†1(x )ν2(x ),S −(t )≡d 3x ν†2(x )ν1(x ),(9)and is (at finite volume)an unitary operator:G −1θ(t )=G −θ(t )=G †θ(t ),preserving the canonical anticommutation relations.Eqs.(6),(7)follow from d 2dθ2ναµ=−ναµwith the initial conditions ναe |θ=0=να1,d dθναµ|θ=0=−να1.Note that G θis an element of SU (2).Indeed,if one introducesS 3≡12d 3x ν†1(x )ν1(x )+ν†2(x )ν2(x ) ,(11)then the su (2)algebra is closed:[S +,S −]=2S 3,[S 3,S ±]=±S ±,[S 0,S 3]=[S 0,S ±]=0.(12)The crucial point about the above generator is that it does not leave invariant the vacuum |0 1,2.Its action on it results in a new state,|0(t ) e,µ≡G −1θ(t )|0 1,2,(13)which is the flavor vacuum,i.e.the vacuum for the flavorfields.Let us define |0 e,µ≡|0(0) e,µand compute 1,2 0|0 e,µ.By writing |0 e,µ= k |0 k e,µ,we obtain [7]:1,2 0|0 e,µ=k1−sin 2θ|V k |2 2=e k ln (1−sin 2θ|V k |2)2,(14)where the function V k is defined in eq.(18).Note that |V k |2depends on k only through itsmodulus,takes values in the interval [0,1(2π)3d 3k ,in the infinite volume limit we obtainlimV →∞1,2 0|0 e,µ=lim V →∞eVLet us now look at the explicit form for theflavor annihilation operators.Without loss of generality,we can choose the reference frame such that k=(0,0,|k|).In this case the annihilation operators have the simple form2:αrk,e(t)=cosθαr k,1+sinθ U∗k(t)αr k,2+ǫr V k(t)βr†−k,2αrk,µ(t)=cosθαr k,2−sinθ U k(t)αr k,1−ǫr V k(t)βr†−k,1 (16)βr−k,e(t)=cosθβr−k,1+sinθ U∗k(t)βr−k,2−ǫr V k(t)αr†k,2βr−k,µ(t)=cosθβr−k,2−sinθ U k(t)βr−k,1+ǫr V k(t)αr†k,1whereǫr=(−1)r.Also,V k(t)=|V k|e i(ωk,2+ωk,1)t and U k(t)=|U k|e i(ωk,2−ωk,1)t,with|U k|≡u r†k,2u r k,1=v r†−k,1v r−k,2|V k|≡ǫr u r†k,1v r−k,2=−ǫr u r†k,2v r−k,1.(17) Explicitly,|U k|=ωk,1+m12 ωk,2+m22 1+|k|22ωk,1 12ωk,21(ωk,2+m2)−km1m2(see Fig.1).0.250.5020406080100|V k |2kFIG.1.The fermion condensation density |V k |2in function of |k |and for sample values of the parameters m 1and m 2.Solid line:m 1=1,m 2=100;Long-dashed line:m 1=10,m 2=100;Short-dashed line:m 1=10,m 2=1000.m 1m 2:in this limit the (quantum-mechanical)Pontecorvo state is recovered.If we now assume that the neutrino state at time t is given by |νe (t ) =e −iHt |νe ,we seethat it is not possible to compare directly this state with the one at time t =0given in eq.(22).The reason is that the flavor vacuum |0 e,µis not eigenstate of the free Hamiltonian H and it “rotates”under the action of the time evolution generator:one indeed finds lim V →∞e,µ 0|0(t ) e,µ=0.Thus at different times we have unitarily inequivalent flavor vacua and this implies that we cannot directly compare flavor states at different times.A way to circumvent this problem is to study the propagators for the mixed fields νe ,νµ[11].The crucial point is about how to compute these propagators:if one (naively)uses the vacuum |0 1,2,one gets an inconsistent result (cf.eq.(29)).Let us show this by considering the Feynman propagator for electron neutrinos,S ee (x,y )=1,2 0|T[νe (x )¯νe (y )]|0 1,2(23)where T denotes time e of (2)gives S ee in momentum representation as5S ee(k0,k)=cos2θk+m1k2−m22+iδ,(24)which is just the weighted sum of the two propagators for the freefieldsν1andν2.It coincides with the Feynman propagator obtained by resumming(to all orders)the perturbative series S ee=S e 1+m2eµSµS e+m4eµSµS e SµS e+... =S e 1−m2eµSµS e −1,(25) where the“bare”propagators are defined as S e/µ=(k−m e/µ+iδ)−1.The transition amplitude for an electron neutrino created byαr†k,e at time t=0goinginto the same particle at time t,is given byP r ee(k,t)=iu r†k,1e iωk,1t S>ee(k,t)γ0u r k,1,(26) where the spinors u1and v1form the basis in which thefieldνe is expanded(cf.eq.(6)). Here,S>ee denotes the unordered Green’s function(or Wightman function):iS>ee(t,x;0,y)= 1,2 0|νe(t,x)¯νe(0,y)|0 1,2.The explicit expression for S>ee(k,t)isS>ee(k,t)=−i r cos2θe−iωk,1t u r k,1¯u r k,1+sin2θe−iωk,2t u r k,2¯u r k,2 .(27) The amplitude eq.(26)is independent of the spin orientation and given byP ee(k,t)=cos2θ+sin2θ|U k|2e−i(ωk,2−ωk,1)t.(28) For different masses and for k=0,|U k|2is always<1(cf.eq.(18)).Notice also that |U k|2→1in the relativistic limit|k|≫√In mixed(k,t)representation,we have(for k=(0,0,|k|)):G ee(k0,k)=S ee(k0,k)+2πi sin2θ |V k|2(k+m2)δ(k2−m22)−|U k||V k| r ǫr u r k,2¯v r−k,2δ(k0−ω2)+ǫr v r−k,2¯u r k,2δ(k0+ω2) ,(31)Comparison of eq.(31)with eq.(24)shows that the difference between the full and the per-turbative propagators is in the imaginary part.I define the Wightman functions for an electron neutrino as iG>ee(t,x;0,y)=e,µ 0|νe(t,x)¯νe(0,y)|0 e,µ,and iG>µe(t,x;0,y)=e,µ 0|νµ(t,x)¯νe(0,y)|0 e,µ.These are con-veniently expressed in terms of anticommutators at different times asiG>ee(k,t)= r u r k,1¯u r k,1 αr k,e(t),αr†k,e e−iωk,1t+v r−k,1¯u r k,1 βr†−k,e(t),αr†k,e e iωk,1t ,(32) iG>µe(k,t)= r u r k,2¯u r k,1 αr k,µ(t),αr†k,e e−iωk,2t+v r−k,2¯u r k,1 βr†−k,µ(t),αr†k,e e iωk,2t .(33)Here and in the followingαr†k,e stands forαr†k,e(0).We now have four distinct transitionamplitudes,given by anticommutators offlavor operators at different times:P r ee(k,t)≡i u r†k,1e iωk,1t G>ee(k,t)γ0u r k,1= αr k,e(t),αr†k,e=cos2θ+sin2θ |U k|2e−i(ωk,2−ωk,1)t+|V k|2e i(ωk,2+ωk,1)t ,(34) P r¯e e(k,t)≡i v r†−k,1e−iωk,1t G>ee(k,t)γ0u r k,1= βr†−k,e(t),αr†k,e=ǫr|U k||V k|sin2θ e i(ωk,2−ωk,1)t−e−i(ωk,2+ωk,1)t ,(35) P rµe(k,t)≡i u r†k,2e iωk,2t G>µe(k,t)γ0u r k,1= αr k,µ(t),αr†k,e=|U k|cosθsinθ 1−e i(ωk,2−ωk,1)t ,(36) P r¯µe(k,t)≡i v r†−k,2e−iωk,2t G>µe(k,t)γ0u r k,1= βr†−k,µ(t),αr†k,e=ǫr|V k|cosθsinθ 1−e−i(ωk,2+ωk,1)t .(37) All other anticommutators withα†e vanish.The probability amplitude is now correctly normalized:lim t→0+P ee(k,t)=1,and P¯e e,Pµe,P¯µe go to zero in the same limit t→0+. Moreover,|P r ee(k,t)|2+|P r¯e e(k,t)|2+ P rµe(k,t) 2+ P r¯µe(k,t) 2=1,(38) as the conservation of the total probability requires.We also note that these transition probabilities are independent of the spin orientation.In order to understand the above transition amplitudes,consider theflavor charge oper-ators,defined as Q e/µ≡ k,r(αr†k,e/µαr k,e/µ−βr†−k,e/µβr−k,e/µ).We then have:7e,µ 0(t)|Q e|0(t) e,µ=e,µ 0(t)|Qµ|0(t) e,µ=0,(39)νe(t)|Q e|νe(t) = αr k,e(t),αr†k,e 2+ βr†−k,e(t),αr†k,e 2,(40)νe(t)|Qµ|νe(t) = αr k,µ(t),αr†k,e 2+ βr†−k,µ(t),αr†k,e 2.(41) Charge conservation is ensured at any time: νe(t)|(Q e+Qµ)|νe(t) =1and the oscillation formula readily follows as(k,t)= αr k,e(t),αr†k,e 2+ βr†−k,e(t),αr†k,e 2(42) Pνe→νe=1−sin2(2θ) |U k|2sin2 ωk,2−ωk,12t ,(k,t)= αr k,µ(t),αr†k,e 2+ βr†−k,µ(t),αr†k,e 2(43) Pνe→νµ=sin2(2θ) |U k|2sin2 ωk,2−ωk,12t .This result is exact.There are two differences with respect to the usual formula for neutrino oscillations:the amplitudes are energy dependent,and there is an additional os-cillating term.For|k|≫√:ω2−ω1|νe(T) =e iφ|νe(0) ,φ=−2πω12πω2−ω1+We thus see that there is indeed a non-zero geometrical phaseβ,related to the mixing angle θ,and that it is independent from the neutrino energiesω1,ω2and masses m1,m2.An alternative way for calculating the geometrical phase is the following.Define the state|˜νe(t) ≡e−if(t)|νe(t) ,(47) with f(t)=−ω1t such that f(T)−f(0)=φ.Then the Berry phase is defined as:β= T0 ˜νe(t)|i dREFERENCES[1]R.Mohapatra and P.Pal,Massive Neutrinos in Physics and Astrophysics,(World Scien-tific,Singapore,1991);J.N.Bahcall,Neutrino Astrophysics,(Cambridge Univ.Press,Cambridge,1989). [2]H.Fritzsch and Z.Z.Xing,hep-ph/9808272;H.Fritzsch and Z.Z.Xing,Phys.Rev.D57(1998)594;Phys.Lett.B413(1997)396.[3]Super-Kamiokande Collaboration(Y.Fukuda et al.).Phys.Rev.Lett.81(1998)1562;Kamiokande Collaboration(S.Hatakeyama et al.),Phys.Rev.Lett.81(1998)2016.[4]S.M.Bilenky and B.Pontecorvo,Phys.Rep.41(1978)225.[5]T.Kaneko,Y.Ohnuki and K.Watanabe,Prog.Theor.Phys.30(1963)521;K.Fujii,Il Nuovo Cimento34(1964)722;K.Fujii,C.Habe and T.Yabuki,hep-ph/9807266.[6]C.Giunti,C.W.Kim,J.A.Lee and U.W.Lee,Phys.Rev.D48(1993)4310;J.Rich,Phys.Rev.D48(1993)4318;E.Sassaroli,hep-ph/9710239;hep-ph/9609476.[7]M.Blasone and G.Vitiello,Ann.Phys.(N.Y.)244(1995)283;Erratum,ibid.249(1996)363;E.Alfinito,M.Blasone,A.Iorio and G.Vitiello,Phys.Lett.B362(1995)91.[8]M.Blasone,P.A.Henning and G.Vitiello,in preparation.[9]A.Perelomov,Generalized Coherent States and Their Applications,(Springer-Verlag,Berlin,1986).[10]J.Bardeen,L.Cooper and J.Schrieffer,Phys.Rev.108(1957)1175.[11]M.Blasone,P.A.Henning and G.Vitiello,hep-th/9803157.[12]M.V.Berry,Proc.Roy.Soc.London A392(1984)45.[13]Y.Aharonov and J.Anandan,Phys.Rev.Lett.58(1987)1593.[14]A.G.Wagh et al.,Phys.Rev.Lett.78(1997)755.[15]C.Itzykson and J.B.Zuber,Quantum Field Theory,(McGraw-Hill,New York,1980);H.Umezawa,Advanced Field Theory:Micro,Macro and Thermal Physics(AmericanInstitute of Physics,1993).[16]M.Blasone,PhD Thesis,Salerno University,December1996.10。
2023-2024-1附中博才九上入学考试英语注意事项：1、答题前，请考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号、考室和座位号；2、必须在答题卡上答题，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效；3、答题时，请考生注意各大题题号后面的答题提示；4、请勿折叠答题卡，保持字体工整、笔迹清晰、卡面清洁;5、答题卡上不得使用涂改液、涂改胶和贴纸；6、本学科试卷中听力材料以中速朗读两遍。
试卷分四个部分，66小题，时量100分钟，满分100分。
I．听力（共两节，满分20分）略II．阅读（共三节，满分40分）第一节（共11小题；每小题2分，满分22分）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。
ATicket Information:SunriseTime:At8:00a.m./7:00p.m.on September22ndPlace:Hunan TheaterTicket Prices:¥80per child¥100per adult(day shows);¥120per child¥150per adult(evening shows);Notice:Please arrive ter comers will be only allowed to get into the theater during a break in the shows.Children under3years old and pets will not be allowed in. For more information,call************or e-mail at***************.21.If a child and his parents want to watch Sunrise on the evening of Sept.22nd,how muchshould they pay?A.¥270.B.¥280.C.¥420.22._______are not allowed to get into the theater.ter comersB.PupilsC.Pets23.You can get more information in the following ways EXCEPT(除了)_______.A.asking your friendsB.sending an e-nailC.making a phone callBSwitzerland(瑞士)is famous for its beautiful scenery(风景).Many people dream of living there.Thanks to the local policy(政策),their dream has come true in Albinen.Albinen is a beautiful mountain village in Switzerland.In thepeaceful and quiet village,it’s amazing to breathe in the freshmountain air while enjoying the beautiful scenery.It is a perfect place for people to spend their holiday.Before roads were built,only footpaths(人行道)allowed people to reach Albinen.In1902, there was no hotel or shop.At that time,the population of the village was only301,the largest population ever.Since the1940s,people have been leaving the village and most of them were young because there were not enough jobs.Although cars reached Albinen in the1960s and theroads brought in tourists,Albinen’s population continued to fall.In2017,there were about240 people living there.The village school was closed so the village’s7children had to go to another town by bus every day.To attract(吸引)families and people under45years old to buy or build new homes in the village,the government made a policy in2017.Each adult would be given$25,000and each child would be paid$10,000.But they had to live in the village for ten years.People around the world knew the news quickly.“The policy fully worked.We had12,000 requests by e-mail or phone,”said the government.“At last,we accepted38people,including12 children.”And at the end of2019,the village had four births.It had been a new record for20 years!And now more and more people are moving to the village.24.What can we know about Albinen according to the passage?A.It’s a modern village in Switzerland.B.There was only one shop there in1902.C.People mainly come here to enjoy the beautiful scenery.25.Why did children in Albinen go to another town every day in2017?A.To go shopping.B.To go to school.C.To help their parents work.26.Who can get the money from the government in Albinen according to Paragraph4?A.A48-year-old woman who moved there in2015.B.A40-year-old man who plans to live in the village for5years.C.A teenager who is moving there with his family and hopes to stay for over10years.27.We can know the policy is_______according to the last paragraph.A.helpfulB.meaninglessC.interestingCMost people remember their childhood by looking at old photos orvideos.But for some,they choose to remember it by making models oftheir old homes where they grew up.Among them is Du Yi,a Chineseminiature(缩微模型)artist,who used to make models of historicbuildings.One day,a friend asked him to make a model of his old home inthe countryside.He thought it was meaningful,so he helped.After he posted a short video online,it went viral.He won thousands of followers.Today,he has over 200,000followers online.Du often makes the miniature house30times smaller than its real size.It usually takes him one to two months to make a model with the pictures provided by customers(顾客).Hundreds of small pieces and about50different materials(材料),including wood,paper,and materials straight from nature are used.He often visits the villages to take a closer look at the details(细节).He can spend the whole week studying one building,trying to understand the story,shapes and colors.“I have to be very careful about the details.If they are good,the work will come to life,”Du says. His miniature houses are sold at a starting price of around20,000yuan.“When I first saw the model of my old home,it took me back to my childhood.Grandfather taught me how to farm and make toys from things around us,”says Hao Wei,one of Du’s customers.When a skillful hand meets the need of people,a good business starts.28.How do most people remember their childhood according to the passage?A.By making models.B.By taking new photos.C.By looking at old pictures or videos.29.What does the underlined word“viral”in Paragraph2mean?A.重要的B.广为传播的C.可怕的30.What can we learn from the passage?A.Du Yi makes a lot of money by posting videos online.B.Du Yi’s excellent skills and hard work are helpful for his success.C.Du Yi is believed to be the most popular miniature artist in China.31.What is the best title for this passage?A.The Beauty of the MiniatureB.Du Yi’s Childhood MemoriesC.A Chinese Miniature Artist—Du Yi第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下面短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
