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管理用英语怎么说管理，是指管理主体组织并利用其各个要素(人、财、物、信息和时空)，借助管理手段，完成该组织目标的过程。
那么你知道管理用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
管理英语说法1：manage管理英语说法2：supervise管理英语说法3：administrate管理的相关短语：供应链管理 Supply Chain Management ; SCM ; mySAP SCM ; Supply Chain目标管理Management by objectives ; MBO ; quota management ; MBO-Management By Objective资产管理 Asset Management ; EAM ; TealPoint ; ITAM工程管理 engineering management ; Project Management ; MSc Engineering Management ; MEM公共管理Public management ; Public Administration ; institution arrangement ; Master of Public Administration 系统管理System management ; System Administration ; System Admin ; Administration资源管理Resource Management ; Resources ; Managing Resources ; Enterprise Resource Management管理系统Management System ; PMS ; the management system management system ; Administrative System 财富管理Wealth management ; Private wealth ; Private wealth advisor ; Private wealth management管理的英语例句：1. The unemployed executives include former sales managers, directors and accountants.被解雇的管理人员包括前销售经理、主管和会计。
《管理英语1》Unit1 Introduce Yourself 试卷一一、单项选择:1. — Sally, C, Mary Brown.— Nice to meet you. I'm Sally Johnson, the Sales Manager.A. What a pleasureB. Thanks a lotC. this is our new secretary2.— Excuse me, C .— Yes, it's 8633-2788. If you have any other questions, don't hesitate to ask.A. Why my telephone doesn't work?B. When shall we have lunch?C. could you please tell me what's the telephone number on my desk?3. People here usually B each other by their first names instead of family names.A. hearB. callC. work4. I think C is impolite to call people by their first names.A. thatB. asC. it5. Keeping eye contact makes the other person C welcome and comfortable.A. to feelB. feelingC. feel二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容进行判断，正确写“T”错误写“F”。
Read the text and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).Introduce Yourself on the First Day of WorkHow to introduce yourself on the first day of work？If you are looking for some ideas, here are some tips for you.Don't be afraid to ask a lot of questions. You're new and it's better to do something right the first time than have to do it again. Nobody expects you to know everything.Smile a lot and be as friendly as possible to everyone you meet –no matter what their position is or how important they are! Use your lunch hours to get together with your co-workers. Get to know them and their interests.Pay attention to the rumors, but don't join them. You don't want to be thought as a gossip.Don't complain about your boss, any co-workers, or the job you did before. Continue to arrive early and don't rush out of the door at the end of the day.Keep a positive attitude and an open mind. Your life has changed and you will get used to it.1. Nobody expects you to know everything on the first day at work. (T)2. You're new, so you shouldn't ask any questions. (F)3. You should be friendly to both your co-workers and the leaders. (T)4. It's not polite to learn about the interests of your co-workers. (F)5. You can leave your office as quickly as you can at the end of the day. (F)《管理英语1》Unit1 Introduce Yourself 试卷二一、单项选择：1.— Hi, I'm Melinda Smith, the new secretary. Nice to meet you here.— Hi, I'm Mike Brown from the Training Center. AA. I hope you'll be happy working here.B. See you later.C. That's OK.2.— Hello, I'm David Chen. Nice to meet you.— B .A. Very nice.B. Nice to meet you too.C. Are you?3. Hello, everyone. I'd like to B to you our new secretary, Melinda Smith.A. meetB. introduceC. welcome4. Smile a lot and be A friendly as possible to everyone you meet.A. asB. veryC. so5. Keeping eye contact makes the other person welcome and comfortable.A. feelingB. feelC. to feel二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容进行判断，正确写“T”错误写“F”。
国开平台《管理英语1》形考（单元自测1至8）试题及答案适用专业及层次：城市轨道交通运营管理、工商管理（工商企业管理方向）、工商管理（市场营销方向）、旅游（酒店管理方向）、旅游（旅游管理方向）和行政管理专科。
单元自测1试题及答案题目为随机，用查找功能（Ctrl + F）搜索题目［题目］一. 一Please call me Mary. That' s my firstname.［答案］How shall I address you? ［题目］—Excuse me, 一Yes, it' s 8633-2788. If you have any other questions, don1 t hesitate to ask.［答案］could you please tell me what' s the telephone number on my desk? ［题目］一Hello, I' m David Chen. Nice to meet you. 一_______________________________________________________ .［答案］Nice to meet you too.［题目］一Hi, I' m Melinda Smith, the new secretary Nice to meet you here. 一Hi, I' m Mike Brown from the Training Center. ［答案］I hope you7 11 be happy working here.［题目］—Sally, _________________________________ , Mary Brown. 一Nice to meet you. I' m Sally Johnson, the Sales Manager. ［答案］this is our new secretary ［题目］Isn' t it impolite to cal 1 people by theirfirst names? The underlined word is of the same word class as _________ .［答案］interesting ［题目］Don' t be afraid __________________________________ ask a lotof questions.［答案］to ［题目］Hello, everyone. I' d like to ________________ to you our new secretary, Melinda Smith.［答案］introduce ［题目］I like the working atmosphere here. It' s very ________________________ .［答案］friendly ［题目］I think _________ is impolite to call people by their first names.［答案］it［题目］I' m looking forward to ____________ t ogether with you.［答案］working @ ］ If you have any questions here, please tell us. We 7 11 all be__________________________________________________________________________________ to help you.［答案］ready ［题目］Keeping eye contact makes the other person _________ welcome and comfortable.［答案］feel ［题目］People here usually each other by their first names instead of family names.［答案］call ［题目］Smile a lot and be ____________ f riendly as possible to everyone you meet.［答案］as二、翻译：从以下A、B、C三个选项中选出与英文最适合的中文翻译。
管理英语1课程一体化教学方案一、课程地位、性质“管理英语1”是为国家开放大学管理类专业（专科）开设的公共英语课程；计3学分，54学时，开设1学期，建议第一学期开设。
本课程将英语学习与行政管理、公共事业管理、教育管理、工商管理、农村行政管理等专业的职场活动相结合，以真实的语言素材为载体创设职场情境，在进行英语语言基础知识和基本技能训练的同时，培养你在职场情境下使用英语进行初步交流的基本能力。
二、学习目标通过“管理英语1”课程的学习，你应该能够：1.掌握一定的英语语言基础知识和基本技能，具有初步的读、听、说、写能力；2.了解管理活动中最基本的英语词语及表达方式，能在涉及行政管理、公共事业管理、教育管理、工商管理、农村行政管理等专业的职场活动中进行简单交流；3.为今后职场英语应用能力的进一步提高奠定基础。
三、学习内容各单元所涉及的语言功能、语法结构等，请见“内容细目表”。
四、学习资源本课程采用多种媒体一体化设计思路，就文字教材、录音教材、全媒体数字教材、网络课程进行有机配套建设。
多媒体教学资源充分发挥交互性、共享性、开放性、协作性和自主性等优势特征，将教学内容、练习活动、助学导学内容有机结合，创造虚拟的职场环境，帮助你进行实践练习，并加强教师对你学习过程和学习质量的监控。
1. 文字教材本课程使用的文字教材为合一型教材，由国家开放大学出版社出版。
教材涵盖教学大纲的基本内容，是你自主学习、教师辅导和考试命题的基本依据。
教材选材上注重语言材料的真实性，创设管理活动环境，便于你学以致用；内容上集知识性、技能性、趣味性与思想性为一体。
教材针对主要语言知识、技能和应用提供了相应的导学、助学内容，以帮助你进行自主学习，提高学习效果。
2. 录音教材本课程使用的录音教材内容是文字教材中对话、课文的录音，供你模仿语音语调、训练听力和口语使用，同时有助于加深对文字材料的理解。
3. 视频课件本课程的视频课件为辅导讲解型,主要讲授各个单元中的语言重点与难点、与人文活动相关的知识与技能，帮助你深化学习内容，理解与掌握学习内容。
国家开放大学《管理英语1》形考任务单元自测1-8参考答案单元自测11、—Hello, I'm David Chen. Nice to meet you.—.A. Nice to meet you too.B. Are you?C. Very nice.2、——Please call me Mary. That's my first name.A. How shall I address you?B. Are you Mary?C. How are you?3、People here usually each other by their first names instead of family names.A. callB. workC. hear4、I'm looking forward to together with you.A. workingB. workC. worked5、I thinkis impolite to call people by their first names.A. asB. thatC. it二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容进行判断，正确写“T”错误写“F”。
Introduce Yourself on the First Day of WorkHow to introduce yourself on the first day of work？If you are looking for some ideas, here are some tips for you.Don't be afraid to ask a lot of questions. You're new and it's better to do something right the first time than have to do it again. Nobody expects you to know everything.Smile a lot and be as friendly as possible to everyone you meet –no matter what their position is or how important they are! Use your lunch hours to get together with your co-workers. Get to know them and their interests.Pay attention to the rumours, but don't join them. You don't want to be thought as a gossip.Don't complain about your boss, any co-workers, or the job you did before. Continue to arrive early and don't rush out of the door at the end of the day.Keep a positive attitude and an open mind. Your life has changedand you will get used to it.1. Nobody expects you to know everything on the first day at work.（T）2. You're new, so you shouldn't ask any questions.（F）3. You should be friendly to both your co-workers and the leaders.（T）4. It's not polite to learn about the interests of your co-workers.（F）5. You can leave your office as quickly as you can at the end of the day.（F）单元自测21、—I'd like to apply for a library card.—A. Fill out the application form first, please.B. With pleasure.C. Are you a student?2、—?— My mother is retired. My father is a manager.A. What do your parents do.B. Do your parents still work.C. What are your parents doing right now.3、Professor Smith promised to look ______ my paper, that is, to read it carefully before the defense.A. intoB. afterC. over4、Had you come five minutes earlier, you ____ the train to Beijing. But now you missed it.A. would have caughtB. would catchC. could catch5、I have been looking forward tofrom my parents.A. hearB. hearingC. being heard二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容进行判断，正确为“T”，错误为“F”。
管理英语怎么写管理英语的写法主要有两种：Management和Administration。
1. Management：Management 是一个通用的词汇，可以涵盖许多不同的管理方面，比如组织管理、人力资源管理、项目管理等等。
从简单到复杂，它可以指导个人、团队或者整个组织的运作。
在组织管理方面，Management包括制定目标、规划、组织资源、指导、协调和控制等各个方面。
它是确保组织顺利运转和达成目标的关键要素。
在人力资源管理方面，Management涵盖了员工招聘、培训和发展、绩效管理、薪酬管理等工作。
通过对员工的有效管理，可以提高工作效率和员工满意度，并使组织取得成功。
在项目管理方面，Management主要包括项目的规划、执行、监控和收尾等各个环节。
良好的项目管理可以确保项目按时交付，并达到预期的质量和效益。
2. Administration：Administration更强调于机构或政府运作中的管理方面。
它指的是实施关于政策、规章制度的任务，并为组织者提供支持。
它涉及到决策制定、资源配置、规章制度的执行和绩效监察等方面的工作。
在政府方面，Administration涵盖了政策制定、行政运作、财政管理、人员管理等各个层面。
政府部门的高效管理对于公共事务的运行至关重要。
在学校或大学方面，Administration指的是管理机构，包括校长、院长、教务处、学生事务处等，他们负责学校的日常运营和管理。
他们需要制定学校规章制度、招生、课程安排、财务管理等等。
两种写法均在英语中常用，并且在不同的场景中的含义和用法也有所区别。
无论是Management还是Administration，都是为了保持组织的良好运作和实现预定目标的关键。
所以在使用时，需要根据具体的情境和含义来选择合适的词汇。
2020年电大《管理英语1》形成性考试题库(注意：选项排序不一定一样，注意查看)题目1— Hi,I'm Melinda Smith,the new secretary. Nice to meet you here.—Hi,I'm Mike Brown from the Training Center. Ihope you'll be happy working here.选择一项：A. See you later.B. I hope you'll be happy working here.C. That's OK.题目2—How shall I address you?—Please call me Mary. That's my first name.选择一项：A. How shall I address you?B. Are you Mary?C.How are you?题目3Don't be afraid to ask a lot of questions.选择一项：A. onB. ofC. to题目4“Isn't it impolite to call people by their first names?” The underlined word is of the same word class as interesting .选择一项：A. interestingB. possiblyC.work题目5I'm looking forward to working together with you.选择一项：A. workedB. workC.working题目6二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Shaking Hands MannersIf you thought handshakes were just a gesture of greeting, then think again!A handshake is not only a way of greeting; it can also show your personality. Since we all want to set a good first impression, it is important to know the right shaking hands manners.Stand up and maintain eye contact while shaking hands.If you are seated when someone comes for a handshake,stand up and shake his or her hand. It is impolite to be still seated. Keep right distance between the two of you;not too close,but enough distance to shake your hands well. Keeping eye contact makes the other person feel welcome and comfortable.Keep a handshake brief and firm. You let go of each other's hand after 2-3 seconds. Make sure your handshake ends before your conversation does. One's handshake should show a feeling of strength and warmth. The hand should be firm and not lifeless like seaweed. Then,how firm should a handshake be? Just grasp the person's hand completely and do not press it too hard.1.Which of the following statements about the significance of handshakes is not true?回答：AA. Handshakes are just a gesture of greeting.B. Handshakes are more than a way of greeting.C. Handshakes can show our personality.2.If you are seated when someone comes for a handshake, you should回答： AA.stand up and shake his or her handB. keep seated and shake his or her handC. bow and say hello to him or her3. Keeping eye contact while shaking hands makes the other person feel回答： BA. nervousB. comfortableC. afraid4. How long does a handshake usually last?回答： CA. As long as the conversation lasts.B. 5 minutes.C. 2-3 seconds.5. Which of the following words can best describe a proper handshake?回答： BA. brief and strongB. brief and firmC. brief and soft2020年秋国开电大《管理英语1》形考任务二答案(注意：选项排序不一定一样，注意查看)题目1— I'd like to apply for a library card.— Fill out the application form first, please 选择一项：A. Are you a student?B. FillC.with out the application form first, please. pleasure题目2— May I use your bike for a moment?—By all means.选择一项：A. I have no idea.B. It doesn't matter.C.By all means.题目3Had you come five minutes earlier,you would have caught the train to Beijing. But now you missed it.选择一项：A. could catchB. would have caughtC. would catch题目4With his work completed, the manager stepped back to his seat,feeling pleased that he was a man of action.选择一项：A. thatB. whichC.what题目5I'm a deputy manager. I work for an IT company.选择一项：A. work aboutB. workC. work for题目6二、翻译：从以下A、B、C三个选项中选出与英文最适合的中文翻译。
国开管理英语1心得体会我于2014年3月参加了国开国际教育学院（以下简称国开）管理英语一的笔试。
考试分三个部分：①英语基础知识；②综合运用能力；③英语写作。
我认为最重要的是把握好三个方面：一是要在把握中体现语言的美感；二是要体现语言美与思维语言美的统一；三是要在掌握中体现思维语言美的和谐一致。
在这三个方面我都取得了很好的成绩。
通过学习管理英语一考试后的一些体会认为：一是在知识和能力上要提高很多，在专业素养和综合素质上都有了很大的进步；二是在学习态度上要端正态度并从实际出发；三是在思维上要开阔视野并加强语言技能培训。
这是参加此次考试最大的收获和感受；下面结合自己的学习心得谈几点体会和今后学习改进措施。
一、端正学习态度在学习管理英语一时，为了让自己尽快适应该科目的难度，我们都是自己一个人去学习、自学，或者是进行外训。
但是有一个问题总是令我忧心忡忡：当我们的学习过程中遇到了困难时很难有一个良好的态度去应对和解决！所以在这次管理英语考试中发现，我们大多数同学对参加这次考试都是抱着无所谓的态度而不是积极地对待考试，我想这也是我们这次考试失败的重要原因之一，这也是我们这次考试失利的主要原因之一。
我认为每一次考试都应该是一个好态度树立典范和好心情支持下取得了好成绩。
在以后学习中我要严格要求本人，积极克服心理障碍，在老师以及其他同学给予我无微不至照料时才能更好地投入到学习中去。
以积极地态度对待高考及其他考试中遇到失败与挫折后出现的种种现象，正确看待考试中遇到的困难与问题，积极探索学习新途径，不断提高自己对考试知识与方法的掌握程度与把握能力；在今后生活中也要不断提高自身理论修养和实际操作本领；同时要向更高层次水平的英语学习，来弥补自身在语言方面存在的不足。
1、把英语学习作为素质教育的重要组成部分，作为实现人生价值的根本途径。
外语是一门综合性的学科，它不仅是国际交流的工具和手段，也是提高学生综合素质的重要途径。
现在社会对人才的要求越来越高，有较高水平的英语能力和素质的人越来越受到用人单位的青睐和重视，并被公认为用人单位招录公务员和录用高层次人才的优先条件。
Chapter One: Managers and ManagementMultiple Choice Questions1. When we classify managers according by their level in the organization they are described as _______.a. functional, staff and line managersb. top managers, middle managers and supervisorsc. high level and lower level managersd. general managers and administrative managers2. Conceptual skills relate to a manager’s ability toa. take a strategic view of how the parts of the organization function.b. solve detailed problems in groups.c. correctly evaluate organizational problems.d. understand and interact effectively with others in the organization.3. The ability to build networks and power bases that increase one’s power in the organization is referred to as _____.a. influence skillb. political skillc. controllingd. strategic skill4. A manager is someone whoa. actually performs the service or produces the product.b. works anonymously behind the scenes.c. sets the goals of the organization.d. supervises the work of others.5. Which of the following skills is most important for top managers (CEO’s)?a. Interpersonalb. Technicalc. Functionald. Conceptual6. A manager who has a reputation for being open and honest and understands how to motivate employees and customers is said to have good ________ skills.a. salesb. politicalc. Interpersonald. technical7.Annie’s Pies produces cakes and pies that come in 207 different flavors that are shipped across the USA. Each week, 3 or 4 new flavors are added. Annie’s produces high quality cakes and pies using the best ingredients, it wastes little, and few employees work overtime because the business operatesa. effectively.b. reliably.c. efficiently.d. Flexibly.8. Doing a job in a way that achieves results without wasting any resources is referred to as being ______.a. effective.b.efficientc. conservatived. Both a and b.9. The importance of managerial roles varies depending on the _____.a. manager’s salaryb. manager’s acceptance by the employeesc. size of the organizationd. length of time the manager has worked in the organization10. According to Mintzberg, which management category includes the roles of figurehead, leader, and liaison?a. interpersonalb. informationalc. decisionald. planning11. Which of the following roles is categorized as a decisional role?a. Monitorb. Disseminatorc. Resource allocatord. Leader12. An organization must contain all except which of the following characteristics?a. purposeb. peoplec. structured. product13. An organization is commonly considered aa. systematic arrangement of people to sell goods or services.b. structural grouping of people to accomplish a set of objectives.c. structural grouping of managers and subordinates who are attempting to increase profits.d. systematic grouping of people to establish procedures, rules, and regulations.14. Operatives can BEST be described asa. Those who actually do the tasks of an organization.b. Those who work anonymously behind the scenes.c. Manual laborers.d. Those who supervise others.15. The managers who work most closely with the operatives are known asa. top management.b. middle management.c. first-line managers.d. operative managers.16. The level of management that translates the goals of the organization into specific plans that lower-level managers can perform is known asa. top management.b. middle management.c. first-line managers.d. operative managers.17. _____ are responsible for making decisions about the direction of theorganization and establishing policies that affect all organizational members.a. Operativesb. Top managersc. Middle managersd. First-line supervisors18. Performing the task right and considering the relationship between inputs and outputs isa. effectiveness.b. goal attainment.c. efficiency.d. a management characteristic.19. If you get more output for a given input, you havea. decreased effectiveness.b. increased effectiveness.c. decreased efficiency.d. increased efficiency.20. In an organization, _____ translate(s) into goal attainment.a. effectivenessb. efficiencyc. resource minimizationd. managerial functions21. If a college cuts the cost of an education by using mostly part-time faculty and at the same time fails to adequately educate its students, it can be said to be doing the wrong things well. In other words, the college isa. efficient and effective.b. efficient but not effective.c. effective but not efficient.d. neither efficient nor effective.22. Tim's Tire Shop is concerned only with using the least amount of labor possible as it repairs/replaces the tires of its customers. Its primary goal isa. effectiveness.b. goal attainment.c. efficiency.d. management characteristics.23. All of the following are included in the four components of the management process excepta. planning.b. organizing.c. leading.d. delegating.24. Mintzberg grouped the ten managerial roles into three primary headings. Which of the following is not one of these headings?a. interpersonal relationshipsb. transfer of informationc. planningd. decision making25. As managers move up the organization, they do lessa. leadingb. controllingc. planningd. organizing26. Which of the following roles is most important for managers in small firms?a. disseminatorb. leaderc. spokespersond. figurehead27. Katz developed four critical skills that managers must possess. Which of the following is not one of those four skills?a. conceptualb. interpersonalc. technicald. connection28. Angelo is well known for his skills in using the advanced programming software of the engineering field. In fact, it was his specialized knowledge that led to his promotion as manager. Which managerial skill is Angelo demonstrating?a. conceptualb. interpersonalc. technicald. political29. Nancy’s strength as a manager lies in her ability to work with people. She is able to work with, motivate, and lead others easily. Nancy is demonstrating which managerial skill?a. conceptualb. interpersonalc. technicald. political30. Which of the following is not true about operatives?a. They have no responsibility for overseeing the work of others.b. They work directly on a job or task.c. They have no more than four employees who report directly to them.d. A person on an assembly line could be described as an operative.31. The managerial concept that focuses on task completion isa. efficiency.b. of little concern for first-line managers.c. mostly the job of top managers.d. effectiveness.32. Which one of the following best demonstrates the concept of efficient management?a. Getting activities completed.b. Maximizing output.c. Maintaining output with fewer resources.d. Increasing output and input.33. When a manager fails to complete the department's tasks but has used the resources sparingly and wisely, the results are said to bea. efficient and effective.b. efficient and ineffective.c. inefficient and effective.d. inefficient and ineffective.34. The planning function of management includesa. directing the activities of others.b. monitoring an organization's performance.c. comparing actual results with plans.d. establishing an organization's goals.35. The organizing function of management includesa. how tasks are to be grouped.b. conflict resolution among subordinates.c. comparison of actual results with a budget.d. definition of an organization's goals.36. The activities of motivating employees, directing others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts refer to which management function?a. planning.b. organizing.c. leading.d. controlling.37. When a famous speaker, Such as the President of the United States, addressesa college graduating class, he or she is exhibiting Mintzberg's role ofa. liaison.b. disturbance handler.c. disseminator.d. figurehead.38. Concerning Mintzberg's managerial roles, which of the following statements is MOST accurate?a. Managers perform essentially different roles in different types of organizations.b. Managers perform essentially different roles at different levels of an organization.c. The emphasis managers give the various roles differs with various organizational levels.d. Roles of figurehead, disseminator, and liaison seem to be most appropriate for first-line managers.39. Which of the following statements is LEAST correct?a. Regardless of the organizational level, managers perform essentially the same functions.b. Most managerial functions are the same throughout the world.c. Small or large organizations perform essentially the same functions.d. The entrepreneurial role is more prevalent in small organizations than in large ones.40. Management is BEST described as the process ofa. personally completing tasks in an efficient manner.b. efficiently completing tasks with the help of others.c. using scarce resources to minimize output.d. organizing activities over a long period of time.41. In the early part of the 20th century, a French industrialist by the name of _____ wrote that managers perform five functions, referred to as the management process.a. Henri Fayolb. Henry Mintzbergc. Max Weberd. Douglas McGregor42. John is the CEO of a major hospital. He has spent his day planning the schedules of employees for the next month. He had to ensure that there was a registered nurse on every shift. He spent his daya. planning.b. organizing.c. leading.d. controlling.43. Linda has spent the day in a session where the future of her company was discussed. The people involved were trying to determine what the role of their company was as the 21st century approaches. Goals were then developed based upon their vision of the company's mission. Linda spent her day on the _____ process.a. planningb. organizingc. leadingd. controlling44. _____ studied five chief executives at work and found that managers perform ten different but highly interrelated roles.a. Henri Fayolb. Henry Mintzbergc. Max Weberd. Douglas McGregor45. Mintzberg found that managers' activities were constantly interrupted approximately every _____ minutes.a. 3b. 6c. 9d. 1146. The importance of managerial roles varies depending on the _____.a. manager’s salaryb. manager’s acceptance by the employeesc. manager’s level in the organizationd. length of time the manager has worked in the organization.47. Managers in not-for-profit organizations, as opposed to profit-seekingorganizations, do not face a _____ test for performance.a. profit-maximizingb. evaluationc. employee accountabilityd. management by objectives48. As managers move up the organization, they do morea. leading.b. controlling.c. direct overseeing.d. planning.49. As managers move up the organization, they do lessa. leadingb. controllingc. planningd. organizing50. A business is classified as small if it has fewer than _____ employees.a. 50b. 100c. 250d. 5001～10 b; a; b; d; d; c; c; d; c; a11～20 c; d; b; a; c; b; b; c; d; a21～30 b; c; d; c; a; c; d; c; b; c31～40 d; c; b; d; a; c; d; c; b; b41~~ 50 a; b; a; b; c; c; a; d; a; d。
