2018届高考语法专项主谓一致和特殊句式

高三一轮总复习
2．部分倒装 在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成 部分倒装。 (1)little，never，not，seldom，neither，nor，hardly，rarely，by no means， at no time，under no circumstances，in no case 等表示否定意义的单词或短语位于 句首时。 Little does he care about what others think.
高三一轮总复习
(1)强调句型中的主谓一致 在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单 数还是复数，it 后的谓语动词都要用单数形式，即 It is/was...，同时，that 后的谓 语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。 It is my parents that/who often help me get out of trouble.
高三一轮总复习
(5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“so/as＋be 动 词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“„„也是„„”。 Times have changed and so have I. (6)当 neither，nor 位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物 时，常用“neither/nor ＋ be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词＋主语”，表示“„„也 不„„”。 They couldn't understand it at that time，and nor coul于句首时。 “If you die，who will get your money？”asked Holmes. (4)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。 In the center of the square stands a monument. (5)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容 词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。 Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.

第9讲特殊句式与主谓一致1．Thepublicationof GreatExpectations，which________bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised，stren gthenedDickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.(2017·江苏，24)A．isB．areC．wasD．were答案C解析考查时态和主谓一致。

句意为：《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到了广泛评论和高度赞扬，这巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。

空格处与后面的reviewed和praised一起构成定语从句的谓语，根据主句谓语strengthened判断这里用一般过去时；定语从句的关系词which指代主句的“thepublicationof GreatExpectations”，主语核心词是publication，故be动词用was。

因此选C。

2．Nowadays，cycling，alongwithjoggingandswimming，________asoneofthebestall-roundformsof exercise.(2017·天津，6)A．regardB．isregardedC．areregardedD．regards答案B解析考查主谓一致和语态。

句意为：如今，骑行与慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最全面的运动方式之一。

当主语后面接由alongwith引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致，排除A、C 两项；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除D项。

故选B项。

3．ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartment________Ifirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.(2017·天津，11) A．whoB．whereC．whichD．that答案D解析考查强调句型的判定。

2018年高考专题一语法知识：特殊句式与主谓一致related activities in the rural areas(storyC．stands；an 8-storeyD．stand；an 8-storey答案 D解析考查倒装句。

句意为在古庙的后面有12个巨大的石像还有一个八层的佛塔。

这句话是地点状语提前的倒装句，用完全倒装，谓语提前，因为主语是twelve huge stone statues together with ________ pagoda，together with连接两个主语时，谓语和前面的主语保持一致，故这里谓语用复数；第二空是复合形容词，8-storey 以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。

故选D项。

3．Only after we value growth enough to start enlarging ourselves ________ through a strong barrier(2018 镇江期中，34)A．we have broken B．did we breakC．have we broken D．we broke答案 C解析考查倒装句。

句意为只有在我们充分重视增长扩大自我之后，我们才算突破了一个强大的障碍。

“only＋状语/状语从句”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，故排除A、D两项；根据从句的时态是一般现在时可知，此处主句要用现在完成时。

故选C项。

4．—Have you got any plans for the NeYear’s Day Holiday?—Yes________ possible，I’m going to travel in Beijing(2018 苏北四市调研，29)A．Though B．UnlessC．While D．If答案 D解析考查状语从句的省略。

句意为——你已经有元旦假期的计划了吗？——是的。

如果有可能的话，我打算去北京旅游。

2.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ___is___ (be) acceptable• 句子中的谓语部分必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。 • 重主要谓性一：致与高考 • 1.语法填空中所给动词作谓语时，要考虑主谓一致。
取决于其前面 的名词/代词
为“就 远原则”
当either…or…；neither…nor…；not only…but
取决于跟谓语 常被称
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also…；not…but…; or；nor等并列连词连接两个 动词最近的名 为就近
主语以及there be句型
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三、既能跟单数又能跟复数的情形
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• 6h.aIssuppose twenty dollars ___is___(be) a big sum to her. • 7-1. The teacher together with the students is discussing Reading
Skills that are newly published in America. (单句改错) • 7-2. Mathemisatics __is___ (be) the language of science. • 7-3. The United States of America __i_s__ (be) one of the most
• 4. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _w__ea_r_s__(wear) evening dress.
• 5. Either you or one of your students _i_s__(be ) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

特殊句式和主谓一致Ⅰ.语法填空1．The famous musician，as well as his students, ________(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 8th China Flower Expo.[解析]句意：那位著名音乐家和他的学生们应邀在第八届中国花博会开幕式上演出。

本句的主语是The famous musician，是单数形式，故谓语用单数形式；他被邀请参加花博会开幕式，应用被动语态；根据the 8th China Flower Expo可知谓语动词需用过去时态，故填was invited。

[答案]was invited2．Generally，students' inner motivation with high expectations from others ________essential to their development.[解析]句意：一般来说，学生们的内在动机及来自他人的高期望对他们的发展是必要的。

本题中由with连接两个成分，即A with B，谓语动词的单复数应该和A保持一致，所以本句谓语动词应该和students' inner motivation保持一致，用单数。

本句说的是一般情况，所以用一般现在时态。

[答案]is3．Either you or one of your students ________to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.[解析]由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)．..等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致，所以此处谓语跟one of your students一致，用单数。

[答案]is4．A needle and thread ________(give) to her，but she could not sew the button on.[解析]句意：针线给了她，但她不会把纽扣缝起来。

• ►What I bought were three Chinese books.
• 我买的是三本中文书。
• ►What I say and do are helpful to you.
• 我所说的、所做的都对你有帮助。
• 2．由连接词and或both…and连接起来的合成 主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。例如：
• ►Every student and every teacher is in the classroom.
• 3．主语为单数名词或代词，即使后面跟有 with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than， besides，including等引导的短语，谓语动词 仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语动词用 复数形式。例如：
• ►Mr.Black，together with his wife and children， has come to China.
• 布莱克先生和他的妻子、孩子们一起来到了 中国。
• ►Nobody but Tom and John was on the
• 4．either，neither，each，every 或no＋单数 名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合 不定代词，都作单数看待。例如：
• 四班在三楼。 • ►Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
• 四班的人在选谁当班长的事情上无法达成一 致。
• 注意：people，police，cattle等名词一般都用
• 7．由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of， the majority of＋名词”构成的短语以及由 “分数或百分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语作 主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名 词的数而定。例如：

第9讲特殊句式与主谓一致1．The publication of Great Expectations，which________both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.(2017·江苏，24)A．is B．are C．was D．were答案 C解析考查时态和主谓一致。

句意为：《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到了广泛评论和高度赞扬，这巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。

空格处与后面的reviewed和praised一起构成定语从句的谓语，根据主句谓语strengthened判断这里用一般过去时；定语从句的关系词which指代主句的“the publication of Great Expectations”，主语核心词是publication，故be动词用was。

因此选C。

2．Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017·天津，6)A．regard B．is regardedC．are regarded D．regards答案 B解析考查主谓一致和语态。

句意为：如今，骑行与慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最全面的运动方式之一。

当主语后面接由along with引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致，排除A、C两项；cycling与regard 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除D项。

故选B项。

3．It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.(2017·天津，11) A．who B．whereC．which D．that答案 D解析考查强调句型的判定。

例句
I think (that) you are right.
I don’t like the way (that/in which/不填)he treated the old. I like not only Chinese but (also) English.
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五 高考例证 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ
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五 高考例证
序号
句型 表强 调
情况
例句
it 强调句: 1.It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其 他成分。 2.It is/was not until...+that+句子其他成 分。 3.特殊疑问句中的强调:特殊疑问词 +is/was+it+that+其他成分? 4.在名词性从句中的强调句式: 特殊疑问词+it+is/was that+其他成分。
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五 高考例证 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ
四、主谓一致
Ⅰ.谓语动词用单数
1.时间、距离、重量、价值、数目等复数名词作整体看待时 2.不定式、动名词、句子作主语时 3.由“-s”结尾的学科名词作主语时(maths/physics/politics) 4.书、报、地名、组织以复数形式出现时 5.由 and 连接的并列主语表示同一概念或同一人时 6.some,any,no,every 与 thing,one,body 等构成不定代词时 7.each/every/no/many a+名词单数+and+each/every/no/many a+名词单数时 8.many a/more than one+名词单数时 9.each/every/neither/either/the whole+名词单数时 10.each/either/neither/one+of+名词复数时 11.money/information/clothing/equipment/furniture/luggage/baggage 等不可数名 词作主语时

三、there be句型
[自主练悟]
单句语法填空/单句改错 ①(t that keeping an English diary helps you a lot with written English. ②(2017· 青岛市模拟)There have some pieces of information that I’d like to share with you. ③There is going to have a sports meet next week.
[题组练通]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空/单句改错 1．(2017· 山西重点中学协作体联考)It was my father that helped him go through the cancer. 2．It is always the firefighters that/who take the lead to run to the very center, saving lives by risking their own. 3．(2017· 衡水中学模拟)In my life, it is music which is extremely important that brings me closer to my friends and family.
一、基础保分类考点——这些语法较简单，以练促学把分捡第1～6讲
第4讲
特殊句式和主谓一致
特殊句式在高考语法填空和短文改错中 考查较少，但是作为语法中的一个重 点和难点，我们应在备考中给予足够 的重视。特殊句式的重要性主要体 现在书面表达之中，它们基本上都 是高级句式，它们的应用对于提升 文章的档次起着举足轻重的作用。
[易错提醒]
1．不要把全部倒装误用作部分倒装。当表示地点、时间或方位的 副词或介词短语置于句首时，句子用全部倒装。 2．不要把部分倒装误用作全部倒装。部分倒装可分为四个方面： (1)当否定词以及由no构成的否定短语置于句首时用部分倒装。 (2)当“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。 (3)在so/such ...that ...句式中，当so/such位于句首时，其后的句 子用部分倒装。 (4)当as/though表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句时用 部分倒装。

第一部分专题六一、单句语法填空1．It was not until he entered the classroom ________ he realized that he had left his bookbag on the bus.2．Mary is my wife.It was on the farm ________ we worked that I got to know her.3．It was ________ you pointed it out to me that I realized my mistake.4．________ was it that phoned just now?5．Not only ________ the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.6．Only when the war was over ________ the young soldier return to his hometown.7．In the past two days，many a person ________ (infect)with the disease。

8．A library with several thousands of books ________(offer) to the citizens as a special gift on the National Day last year.9．Not until he left his home ________ he begin to know how important the family was for him.10．When ________ (return) home，I met my old friend Paul in the street.1．解析：考查强调句型。

2018届高三英语语法要点精讲（配最新高考+模拟）专题18 主谓一致【考纲解读】高考研究主谓一致是历年高考试题中的主要测试点之一，它主要以单项填空的形式来测试语法一致的原则，意义一致的原则，就近一致的原则，同时还涉及动词时态、语态和修饰等。

由于汉语中没有主谓一致现象，所以有时很难把握这一语法现象。

在注意掌握主谓一致的基本原则的同时，要特别注意语言内容上一致的原则。

分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、主语从句等用作主语的主谓一致问题仍将会是今后高考命题的热点。

【知识要点】一、主谓一致的种类1.语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。

如：The number of the students present is 200.目前的学生数是200。

Jane and Mary look alike.简和玛丽看起来很像。

2.意义上一致1)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。

如：The crowd were shouting.人们在喊叫。

单数形式代表复数内容的词有people，police，cattle等。

2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。

如：The news was so surprising.这则消息是那么得令人惊讶。

形复意单的单词有news和一些以 ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics，economics 等。

3.就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。

如用连词or，either...or，neither...not，not only...but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。

如：Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.要么是你的学生，要么是王老师了解这件事。

二、主谓一致的应用1.名词作主语1) 某些集体名词，如family，team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。

2018版高考英语大一轮复习语法专题讲析专题十二特殊句式1．强调句型的基本构成是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。

被强调的部分2．如果原句中含有“not...until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提3．强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前；特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋th 4．do/does/did强调句型：do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调，且只能用于一般现在时和一般过考点二倒装1．完全倒装①Just in front of the bus lies an injured man，all covered with blood.公共汽车的前面躺着一个受伤的人，浑身是血。

②Down jumped the robber from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him 当警察把枪对准他的时候，强盗从楼顶跳了下来。

③Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.一些来自中国的科学家出席了会议。

④There is an experienced teacher and many lovely students in the classroom.教室里有一位有经验的教师和很多可爱的学生。

考点总结在英语中，把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句，称为完全倒装句。

常见的完全倒装句有以下1——你喜欢，我很高兴。

③—Shall we take some apples with us?—No，at no time is food allowed in the library.——我们可以随身带些苹果吗？——不，图书馆绝不允许带食物。

④Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is import直到他经历真正的困难时，他才意识到我们对家人的爱是重要的。

________________
分析：was→were 此句主语arrow为s 复数形式，故谓语动词 也要用相应的复数形式。
3．(2014辽·宁卷)The early morning barking have been disturb us as we are often up all night with the baby.
分析：that 此处是“It is/was...that..”. 强调句式，强调的是 when引导的时间状语从句，故th填at。
4．(2016天·津卷)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the h ________ the coach picks up tourists.
分析：that 本题考查强调句型at，the hote是l 被强调部分，缺 少强调句式中的that，故填that。
技巧三 识别标志词，破解倒装句 5．(2015天· 津卷改编)Onlywhen Lily walkedinto the office ________ she realize that she had left the contract at home.
分析：accompanyin→gaccompanied在状语从句中，当主句主 语与从句主语一致，且谓语动词b含e或有be的某种形式时，可以 省略从句中的主语和be。从句的完整形式为when they are accompanied by，...省略了they ar。e
5．(2016全·国卷Ⅲ)At last, I will be on my own, but I still wan have my parents to turn to whenever need help.

专题六特殊句式和主谓一致1．(2016·江苏卷，34)Not until recently ________ they encourage the development of tourist－related activities in the rural areas.解析：句意：直到近期，他们才开始鼓励农村地区与旅游有关的活动的发展。

not until 位于句首时，句子需用部分倒装结构，此处指过去所发生的动作，需用一般过去时，故答案为did。

答案：did2．(2016·天津卷，13)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.解析：考查强调句型。

句意：你等错地方了。

长途客车是在宾馆接游客。

被强调部分为at the hotel，故设空处填that。

答案：that3．(2015·天津卷，3)Only when Lily walked into the office ________she realize that she had left the contract at home.解析：句意：直到莉莉走进办公室她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。

“only＋状语从句”置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装形式。

根据题干中的had left可以推断出设空处应该用一般过去时，故填did。

答案：did4．(2015·湖南卷，23)Only after talking to two students ________I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.解析：句意：直到跟两个学生谈过之后，我才意识到有强大的动机是达成目标最关键的因素之一。

3.Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century
________ his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015·重庆，9)
A.while
B.though
C.that
√
D.after
5.Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr Smith got angry？
(2014·四川，3)
A.why
B.who
C.where
√D.that
解析 考查强调句的一般疑问句。所强调的是原因状语从句because Jack came late for school，故选that。句意为：是不是因为Jack上学迟到史密斯先 生才生气的？
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解析 答案
3.________ no modern telecommunications，we would have to
wait for weeks to get news from around the world.(2014·福建，
32)
√A.Were there
B.Had there been
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3.如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从 句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。 He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake. 他问我是谁错拿了他的伞。 4.强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。 在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型 与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从 语法角度来分析句子，理清结构。 It was in the hotel where he stayed that I met him this morning. 正是在他住的那间旅馆我今天早晨遇到的他。

专题4主谓一致和特殊句式一、主谓一致考点一语法一致原则单句语法填空1．The teacher and poet often gives(give) lectures around the city.2．The teacher and the poet have(have) just arrived.3．Every boy and every girl has(have) the right to receive education in our country. 4．Bread and butter is(be) not to his taste.5．Is(be) fifty pounds enough?6．Two-thirds of the books are(be) about science.7．Only 30% of the work was done(do) yesterday.8．Nobody but Jim and Mike is(be) on the playground now.考点二意义一致原则单句语法填空1．Politics is(be) his favorite subject.2．Do you know when the United Nations was(be)set up?3．The police are(be) searching for the murderer.4．As far as I know，his family is(be) not very large but the family are all music lovers.5．The poor were(be) looked down upon in the old days.考点三就近一致原则单句语法填空1．Neither his parents nor I am(be) able to persuade him to change his mind.2．Here is(be) a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.3．Either you or I am(be) going to be in charge of this matter now.4．Not only Jasper but also his friends are(be) planning to go，because they have never been there before.二、特殊句式考点一倒装句倒装分为部分倒装和全部倒装。