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高中英语：主谓一致和特殊句式语法知识点主谓一致的核心考点1.就近一致原则(1)由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.(2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.2.意义一致原则(1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况①表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单数。
Politics is his favorite subject.②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。
Do you know when the United Nations was set up?(2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching for the murderer.(3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定①集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。
当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。
第9讲特殊句式与主谓一致1．Thepublicationof GreatExpectations，which________bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised，stren gthenedDickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.(2017·江苏，24)A．isB．areC．wasD．were答案C解析考查时态和主谓一致。
句意为：《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到了广泛评论和高度赞扬，这巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。
空格处与后面的reviewed和praised一起构成定语从句的谓语，根据主句谓语strengthened判断这里用一般过去时；定语从句的关系词which指代主句的“thepublicationof GreatExpectations”，主语核心词是publication，故be动词用was。
因此选C。
2．Nowadays，cycling，alongwithjoggingandswimming，________asoneofthebestall-roundformsof exercise.(2017·天津，6)A．regardB．isregardedC．areregardedD．regards答案B解析考查主谓一致和语态。
句意为：如今，骑行与慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最全面的运动方式之一。
当主语后面接由alongwith引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致，排除A、C 两项；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除D项。
故选B项。
3．ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartment________Ifirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.(2017·天津，11) A．whoB．whereC．whichD．that答案D解析考查强调句型的判定。
专题十一特殊句式(倒装、强调、主谓一致等)常考点近几年，高考中有关特殊句式注重考查知识之间的交叉，因此，也加大了在语境中综合考查语法知识的力度。
在考查强调句的同时，把定语从句、省略句以及强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句等融合到一起，考查学生综合把握语法知识的能力。
1强调句①构成和判断：“It is/was＋被强调的部分(时间状语/地点状语/原因状语/方式状语/名词/代词/从句)＋that(指人可用who)＋句子的其余部分”。
如：It was because he was ill that he was absent.②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句。
如：Was_it on the street that_you met Tom?What_was_it_that made him upset?Do you know what_it_was_that_made_him_upset?[注]强调句型用于宾语从句时应用陈述语序。
③not until的强调句，其结构为“It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子剩余部分”。
如：It was not until I came back that he left.④强调谓语用“does/do/did＋动词原形”。
如：He did come back yesterday.①In my opinion，Mr.White ________ good to his students in his class at present.A. does doesB. does didC. does doD. did do②—What did she want to know，Tom?—She wondered ________ we could complete the experiment.A. when was itB. it was when thatC. it was whenD. when it was that③It was on the farm________ they visited ________ they got to know.A. where；thatB. which；whenC. that；thatD. which；which④—________ that he managed to get the information?—Oh，a friend of his helped him.A. Where was itB. What was itC. How was itD. Why was it⑤It was about 600 years ago ________the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A. thatB. untilC. beforeD. when【答案】①C②D③C④C⑤A2it 用法①指代上文的同名同物。
语文特殊句式知识点总结一、定语从句1. 定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，用来限定或修饰先行词，说明先行词的性质、特征等，使句子更加丰富和具体。
2. 关系代词有关系主语、关系宾语和关系状语的功能，分别用“who, whom, whose, which, that”等引导。
3. 关系副词引导的定语从句作状语，有地点、时间、原因、条件等功能，分别用“where, when, why, how”等引导。
二、状语从句1. 状语从句是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的从句，表示时间、原因、条件、目的、方式、比较等不同的状语关系。
2. 状语从句的引导词有与时间有关的“when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until”等；与原因有关的“because, since, as, for”等；与条件有关的“if, unless, as long as, provided that, on condition that”等；与目的有关的“so that, in order that, in case, lest”等；与方式有关的“as, as if, as though, the way”等；与比较有关的“than, as...as”等。
3. 状语从句中的虚拟语气：表示与事实相反的假设时，使用虚拟语气，包括与现在事实相反的“与过去事实相反的“， & 与将来事实相反的“，以及与过去将来事实相反的“假设”和“与过去将来事实相反的假设”。
三、主谓一致1. 主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数方面要保持一致。
一般来说，主谓一致包括单数主语搭配单数谓语，复数主语搭配复数谓语。
2. 主谓一致是指句子中的谓语动词要和主语在人称和数方面保持一致。
如果主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要加-s；如果主语是第三人称复数，谓语动词不加-s。
3. 主语不论位于谓语之前或之后，都决定了谓语动词应该是单数还是复数形式。
题目：1－701＝2，要求：只移动一根火柴使等式成立，注意是等式。
主语和谓语保持一致Both reading and writing are learning .读书和写字都是学习。
Twenty years stands for a long period in one’s life.二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时期。
Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.他全家人和他都不知道那件事。
主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致。
A grammar book helps you learn the rules of a language.(主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式)Grammar books help you learn the rules of a language.(主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式)1．用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
Both Tom and Lucy like playing games.Walking and riding are good exercises.2．某些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, clothes, trousers, shorts, shoes, gloves等，只当复数看待，谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching for the thief.My shoes were worn out.Here are two novels. One is written in English. The other is in Chinese.Is everyone here today.Something is wrong with him.None of them has seen the film.Either of the boys is ready.Neither of these words is correct.Each of the pens costs three dollars.Nobody was in.3．不定代词somebody/thing/one, anybody/thing/one, everybody/thing/one, nobody, no one, nothing, either, neither, each, the other, another作主语，谓语动词用单数。
考点剖析常见的特殊句式有倒装句、强调句、省略句。
这些特殊句式在考试中出现频率很高，且考查时会结合其它的知识点进行综合考查，从而增加了考查的难度。
这就需要学生掌握各类特殊句的功能以及用法。
下面结合近几年的考题进行分析，旨在帮助学生更加高效地掌握特殊句式的运用方法。
一、强调句考点分析强调句是为了表达说话者的感情色彩，着重强调的成分。
被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语等。
强调的成分不同，则表达的意思重点亦不同。
学生可通过掌握不同的句式结构，分析强调句强调的成分，选用准确的引导词。
如，2021年山西大同学情调研第65题：It is through responsibility,self-regulation and collective dis-cipline____Parisians will help health workers in their fight against the epidemic(流行病).解析：句子结构为“It is＋被强调的部分（self-reg⁃ulation and collective discipline）＋that/who＋其他部分”，被强调的部分是方式状语，则空处需用that。
句子大意：正是通过责任、自律、集体纪律，巴黎人能帮助卫生工作者抗击疫情。
2020年黑龙江大庆实验中学开学考试第65题：It’s in this magical world_____Miguel gets to discov-er the truth about his great-great-grandpa.解析：根据句子结构推知是强调句型，强调的是空前的in this magical world（地点状语），则空处需填that。
2019年上海卷第27题：...it is on the same beach...____the females lay...解析：通过分析，可知是强调句，即去掉“It is/It was”和that之后，不影响句子结构和意义的完整性。
主谓一致与特殊句式主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1．语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
(1)动名词短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy.[名师指津]what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。
What he said is far from the truth.What the school needs are qualified teachers.(2)主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher as well as his students was very excited.I think Tom, rather than you, is to blame for the accident.(3)and, both ... and ...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting room.The poet and writer has produced many works.(4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的形式要与先行词保持一致。
专项十二特殊句式（倒装、省略、强调）和主谓一致精讲例题1.【2012江西卷】Never before seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.A．had she B．she had C．has she D．she has2.【2012重庆卷】The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor______ it a thought.A. does he even giveB. he even givesC. will he even giveD. he will even give3.【2012重庆卷】It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic______ Zheng sailed to East Africa.A. whenB. thatC. afterD. since4.【2012 湖南卷】It was not until I came here______I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.A whoB thatC whereD before5.【2012辽宁卷】Not until he retired from teaching three years ago______having a holiday abroad.A he had consideredB had he consideredC he consideredD did he consider6.【2012四川卷】This is not my story, nor_____the whole story. My story plays out differently.A is thereB there isC is itD it is7.【2012 天津卷】Only after Mary read her composition the second time_____the spelling mistake.A did he noticeB she noticedC does she noticeD she has noticed8.【2012 山东卷】When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or_____.A whoeverB whereverC whateverD however9.【2011陕西卷】It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_____benefits our work most.A whoB whichC thatD what10.【2012四川卷】Was it on a lonely island_____he was saved one month after the boat went down?A whereB thatC whichD what11.【2011重庆卷】----Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn tree?-----Of course, I have. It was in our village_____it was made.A thatB whereC whenD which12.【2011新课标卷】Only when he reached the tea-house ______it was the same place he hadbeen in last year.A he realizedB he did realizeC realized heD did he realize13.【2011福建卷】----It’s nice. Never before_____such a special drink!----I am glad you like it.A I have hadB I hadC have I hadD had I14. 【2011江苏卷】It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine._____, we had better take it to the garage immediately.A OtherwiseB If notC But for thatD If so15. 【2011全国卷】Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and _____.A．neither won’t Tom B Tom won’t either C Tom will too D wo will tom 16. 【2012安徽卷】Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _____some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.A keepsB keepC have keptD had kept17.【2012湖南卷】All the scientific evidence _____that increasing use of chemicals in farming_____damaging our health.A. show areB. shows areC. show isD. shows is18 【2012陕西卷】The basketball coach, as well as his team,_____interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.A wereB wasC isD are19.【2011安徽卷】The factory used 65% of the raw materials, the rest of which_____savef for other pursoses.A isB areC wasD were20【2011湖南卷】One-third of the country____covered with trees and the majority of the citizens____black people.A is areB is isC are areD are is反馈试卷1. Try____ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open..A. ifB. whenC. sine D as2. Only when he reached the tea-house ______it was the same place he’d been in last year.A. he realizedB. he did realizeC. realized he D did he realize3.—It’s nice. Never before____ such a special drink!—I’m glad you like it.A.I have hadB. I had C have I had D had I4.Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours _______a decision.A. they reachedB. did they reachC. they reachD. do they reach5 It sounds like something is wron g with the car’s engine._______, we’d better take it to the garage immediately.A. OtherwiseB. If notC. But for that D If so6.I have seldom seen my mother ______ pleased with my progress as she is now .A. soB. veryC. tooD. rather7.It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village ______ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.A. whereB. thatC. whenD. which8.John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work______has made him what he is today.A. whyB. whenC. whichD. that9.------- I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in vain.-------why not consult with Frank? You see, _______.A. great minds think alikeB. two heads are better than oneC. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bushD. it’s better to think twice before doing something10. -------Is everyone here?-------Not yet…… Look , there_______ the rest of our guests!A. comeB. comesC. is comingD. are coming11.If you have a job, ________ yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.A. do devoteB. don’t devoteC. devotingD. not devoting12 .We laugh at jokes, but seldom about how they work.A. we thinkB. think weC. we do thinkD. do we think13. John opened the door . There _____ he had never seen before.A. a girl did standB. a girl stoodC. did a girl standD. stood a girl14.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improveour health.A. being carried outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out15.Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.A did he beginB had he begunC he beganD he had begun16.At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.A. lies ChongqingB. Chongqing liesC. does lie ChongqingD. does Chongqing lie17.______a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.A. It hasB. They haveC. It remainsD. There remains18.For a moment nothing happened. Then _____ all shouting together.A. voices had comeB. came voicesC. voices would comeD. did voices come19.Every evening after dinner, if not____ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A. being tiredB. tiringC. tiredD. to be tired20.According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer ________ a woman.A. thanB. suchC. soD. as21.It was _____ he came back from Africa that wear ______ he met the girl he would like to marry.A. when; thenB. not; untilC. not until; thatD. only; when22. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _______, but students became more interested in the lessons.A. saved was teachers’ energyB. was teachers’ energy savedC. teachers’ energy was savedD. was saved teachers’ energy23.So sudden _______that the enemy had no time to escape.A. did the attackB. the attack didC. was the attackD. the attack was24.Little_____ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.A. did Rose careB. Rose did careC. Rose does careD. does Rose care25.Unsatisfied _______with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.A. though was heB. though he wasC. he was thoughD. was he though26.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.A. isB. areC. wasD. were27. One third of the country______covered with trees and the majority of thecitizens_______black people.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; areD. are; is28.Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who_______ evening dress.A.wearB.wearsC.has wornD.have worn29.Listening to loud music at rock concerts ______ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. isB. areC. hasD. have30.Such poets as Shakespeare _____widely read, of whose works, however, some____ difficult to understand.A. are；areB. is；isC. are；isD. is：are专项十二特殊句式（倒装、省略、强调）和主谓一致精讲例题1-5 CCBBD 6-10 CAACB 11-15 ADCDB 16-20 ADBDA反馈试卷1-5 DDCBD 6-10 ABDBA 11-15 ADDCA 16-20 ADBCD21-25 CBCAB 26-30 DABCA。
