quantity做主语,谓语单复数
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a quantity of/quantities of主谓一致问题主谓一致是高中英语考试的重要考点之一,其中不乏难题,尤其是带有限定词的名词短语作主语时,最难选择谓语的单复数形式。
例如,“a quantity of +名词”作主语时,谓语是用单数还是用复数就让广大考生困惑不已,因为目前的教辅读物中众说纷纭,矛盾重重,让人莫衷一是,到底是用单数还是用复数呢?且看下文:问题篇:下述几例选自学生中很有市场的几种教辅读物,他们的结论让学生误入歧途:1.《高中专项无敌---语法》(新疆青少年出版社---王建村)(P74)a large quantity of 不管后面跟可数名词还是不可数名词,都要用单数动词,比较:Large quantities of money have been sent there.A large quantity of books has been offered to us.2.《各个击破丛书(高中英语专项)---语法》(延边人民出版社---王建军)(数词与主谓一致p24)A (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
例如:A large quantity of people is needed here.(large) quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.专家观点:1.徐广联在《大学英语语法讲座与测试》(华东理工大学出版社)中表示,a quantity of 只能修饰不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。
A quantity of 间或也可以修饰可数名词,例如,A quantity of baskets were on sale.2.张怀信在《英语高考活用图解辞典》(延边大学出版社)中讲到,a large/small quantity of 大量的/ 少量的(可以修饰可数名词或不可数名词),例如,I need a large quantity of oil (apples). quantities of 大批的,大量的,例如,Large quantities of polluted water are flowing into the sea. 该书所附〈语法祥解篇--- 主谓一致〉还明确指出“在以上(a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of + 名词)的词组后面的名词是中心词,谓语动词根据后面的名词的数而定”。
主谓一致英语中的一致主要包括主语和谓语在人称和单复数上的一致、时态一致、名词和其代词一致.谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单复数形式的变化而变化.高考英语中主要以完形填空和语法填空的形式,同时可能会结合其他语法点比如非谓语动词和复合句等来考查。
一、主谓一致的三原则主谓一致一般要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
(一)语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
Jolin has made great success with so many years going on。
Jolin是单数形式,谓语动词have也应当用单数形式hasThe Jolins are very fond of singing .the Jolins 指一家人,表示复数,谓语动词be也应当用复数形式are。
(二)意义一致原则意义一致原则是指从意义着眼来处理主谓一致问题。
有时候主语在形式上是单数形式,但是其意义是负数,谓语动词根据意义而定,采用复数形式。
The singer and artist is holding a concert called “land blue”.歌星和大艺术家是同一个人,是单数。
The old are very well taken care of in our city。
the old 指所有老年人,指一类人,是复数。
(三)就近原则就近原则是指谓语动词的变化以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。
Linlin or you are supposed to get into the hole。
1You是最靠近谓语动词的主语部分,因此be动词应当用复数形式的are。
二、主谓一致的详细讲解(一)代词作主语1.不定代词either,neither, each, one,the other,another以及复合不定代词someone,somebody等作主语,谓语动词用单数。
谓语动词用单数的情况1.动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语,谓语用单数。
如: Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the cones that fit him or her. (1987年考研题) To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far.2.表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时,谓语用单数。
Two weeks was too long Five times five makes twenty five 3.一般用and连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候,谓语用复数,但是下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念,谓语用单数: law and order 法制 soap and water 肥皂水 a cup and saucer 茶杯碟子 fork and knife 刀叉 the needle and thread 针线 trial and error 反复尝试,不断摸索 horse and carriage 马车 time and tide 岁月 bread and butter 奶油面包 the ebb and flow 盛衰,潮涨潮落如: If law and order not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe. A. is B. are C. was d. were 答案:A。
4.表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式,作主语时候谓语动词用单数形式 Linguistics is a branch of study on human language.5.有些名词形式上是复数,意义上是单数,根据意义一致原则动词用单数 The chaos was stopped by the police The news is a great encouragement to us A series of debates between the lectures was scheduled for the next weekend.6.用and 连接的成份表示一个单一概念时候,动词谓语用单数形式 Bread and butter is our daily food Time and tide waits for no man《和3同》二.谓语用复数情况1.由and, both …and, 连接的并列主语,和both ,a few, many ,several 等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式。
All the employees except the youngest one (work) very hard II .主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。
1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)”或“从句”等作主语,用单数谓语形式。
e.g.①The work is important . 这项工作重要。
②To serve the country is our duty . 为祖国服务是我们的义务。
③How and why he left was a sad story . 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历。
2.复数的名词、代词一般接复数谓语形式。
e.g.①The children are taken good care of . 孩子们得到很好的照料。
②They have gone to Chengdu . 他们去成都了。
II. 以“and ”或“both… and”连接的并列主语:1.通常作复数用。
e.g.①Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。
②What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。
③Both Tom and I are fond of medicine . 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。
2.如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人(事、物、抽象概念),作单数用。
e.g.①The worker and writer has come . 这位工人作家来了。
②A cart and horse was seen in the distance . 远处能看见有一套马车。
③Truth and honesty is the best policy . 真诚是最好的策略。
3.“and”前、后的单数词语都有“each,every ,many ,a ,no”等修饰时,仍作单数用。
a quantity of/quantities of主谓一致问题主谓一致是高中英语考试的重要考点之一,其中不乏难题,尤其是带有限定词的名词短语作主语时,最难选择谓语的单复数形式。
例如,“a quantity of +名词”作主语时,谓语是用单数还是用复数就让广大考生困惑不已,因为目前的教辅读物中众说纷纭,矛盾重重,让人莫衷一是,到底是用单数还是用复数呢?且看下文:问题篇:下述几例选自学生中很有市场的几种教辅读物,他们的结论让学生误入歧途:1.《高中专项无敌---语法》(新疆青少年出版社---王建村)(P74)a large quantity of 不管后面跟可数名词还是不可数名词,都要用单数动词,比较:Large quantities of money have been sent there.A large quantity of books has been offered to us.2.《各个击破丛书(高中英语专项)---语法》(延边人民出版社---王建军)(数词与主谓一致p24)A (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
例如:A large quantity of people is needed here.(large) quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.专家观点:1.徐广联在《大学英语语法讲座与测试》(华东理工大学出版社)中表示,a quantity of 只能修饰不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。
A quantity of 间或也可以修饰可数名词,例如,A quantity of baskets were on sale.2.张怀信在《英语高考活用图解辞典》(延边大学出版社)中讲到,a large/small quantity of 大量的/ 少量的(可以修饰可数名词或不可数名词),例如,I need a large quantity of oil (apples). quantities of 大批的,大量的,例如,Large quantities of polluted water are flowing into the sea. 该书所附〈语法祥解篇--- 主谓一致〉还明确指出“在以上(a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of + 名词)的词组后面的名词是中心词,谓语动词根据后面的名词的数而定”。
谓语动词和主语all the employees 保持一致。
介词except 是不能影响谓语动词的单复数的。
其他的用法你看看下面的讲述,相信你会懂的II .主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。
1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)”或“从句”等作主语,用单数谓语形式。
e.g.①The work is important . 这项工作重要。
②To serve the country is our duty . 为祖国服务是我们的义务。
③How and why he left was a sad story . 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历。
2. 复数的名词、代词一般接复数谓语形式。
e.g.①The children are taken good care of . 孩子们得到很好的照料。
②They have gone to Chengdu . 他们去成都了。
II. 以“and ”或“both… and”连接的并列主语:1.通常作复数用。
e.g.①Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。
②What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。
③Both Tom and I are fond of medicine . 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。
2. 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人(事、物、抽象概念),作单数用。
e.g.①The worker and writer has come . 这位工人作家来了。
②A cart and horse was seen in the distance . 远处能看见有一套马车。
③Truth and honesty is the best policy . 真诚是最好的策略。
3. “and”前、后的单数词语都有“each,every ,many ,a ,no”等修饰时,仍作单数用。
a quantity of/quantities of主谓一致问题主谓一致是高中英语考试的重要考点之一,其中不乏难题,尤其是带有限定词的名词短语作主语时,最难选择谓语的单复数形式。
例如,“a quantity of +名词”作主语时,谓语是用单数还是用复数就让广大考生困惑不已,因为目前的教辅读物中众说纷纭,矛盾重重,让人莫衷一是,到底是用单数还是用复数呢?且看下文:问题篇:下述几例选自学生中很有市场的几种教辅读物,他们的结论让学生误入歧途:1.《高中专项无敌---语法》(新疆青少年出版社---王建村)(P74)a large quantity of 不管后面跟可数名词还是不可数名词,都要用单数动词,比较:Large quantities of money have been sent there.A large quantity of books has been offered to us.2.《各个击破丛书(高中英语专项)---语法》(延边人民出版社---王建军)(数词与主谓一致p24)A (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
例如:A large quantity of people is needed here.(large) quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.专家观点:1.徐广联在《大学英语语法讲座与测试》(华东理工大学出版社)中表示,a quantity of 只能修饰不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。
A quantity of 间或也可以修饰可数名词,例如,A quantity of baskets were on sale.2.张怀信在《英语高考活用图解辞典》(延边大学出版社)中讲到,a large/small quantity of 大量的/ 少量的(可以修饰可数名词或不可数名词),例如,I need a large quantity of oil (apples). quantities of 大批的,大量的,例如,Large quantities of polluted water are flowing into the sea. 该书所附〈语法祥解篇--- 主谓一致〉还明确指出“在以上(a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of + 名词)的词组后面的名词是中心词,谓语动词根据后面的名词的数而定”。
初中英语quantity的用法1. quantity表示“数量”时,如果是指相对于质量来说的“数量”,则为不可数名词。
2. quantity如果指具体的数量,一般为可数名词,这时可以连用不定冠词或者用复数形式;如果要表示数量的多少,则可以用great, large, huge或者small 等形容词修饰;quantity既可以用于修饰不可数名词,也可以用于修饰复数名词。
3.当quantity在a great (large, small) quantity of…这个结构作主语时,其谓语的数原则上和其中的名词的数保持一致。
例句:A large quantity of air-conditioners has been sold since the temperature is high.因为气温很高,有大量空调售出。
注意事项:如果该结构变成quantities of…这样的形式,当这一结构用作主语时,其谓语动词一律要用复数。
例句:Quantities of books were on the bed. 在床上有很多很多书。
4. quantity的固定搭配:a quantity of 一些,一批in quantity 在数量方面;大量地,大批地large quantity 大量;大数量quality and quantity 质量和数量a large quantity of adj. 大量的small quantity 小量,少量order quantity 订货量;订购量;订单数量a great quantity of (接可数或不可数)大量a small quantity of 少量的quantities of 许多……production quantity 生产量quantity discount 数量折扣,大批量折扣quantity的用法就这么多,。
很多语法书上都认为,quantity修饰名词时,谓语动词不是根据名词判断,而是看quantity 的形式,
如果是a quantity of,动词就用第三人称单数,
如果是quantities of,动词就用复数形式。
但是也有另外一种说法,就是quantity的主谓一致分三种情况:
the quantity of 后面用单数
a quantity of 后面的动词根据名词的单复数判断
quantities of 后面的动词用复数。
a large quantity of 后接单数还是复数动词要根据前面的名词作判断---这一点比较统一
the quantity of 不管后面是名词的复数形式还是不可数名词,都把主语当成一个主体,后接动词单数形式,这也是比较统一的认识。
但quantities of 后接动词的单数还是复数形式,不同语法书就有不同的认识。
有的认为不管怎样都用复数形式,有的认为
quantities of +不可数名词+单数动词
+ 复数名词+复数动词
所以不好形式统一的认识。
但是赞成都用复数的人比较多。
专家说
主谓一致是高中英语考试的重要考点之一,其中不乏难题,尤其是带有限定词的名词短语作主语时,最难选择谓语的单复数形式。
例如,“a quantity of +名词”作主语时,谓语是用单数还是用复数就让广大考生困惑不已,因为目前的教辅读物中众说纷纭,矛盾重重,让人莫衷一是,到底是用单数还是用复数呢?且看下文:
问题篇:
下述几例选自学生中很有市场的几种教辅读物,他们的结论让学生误入歧途:
1.《高中专项无敌---语法》(新疆青少年出版社---王建村)
(P74)a large quantity of 不管后面跟可数名词还是不可数名词,都要用单数动词,比较:Large quantities of money have been sent there.
A large quantity of books has been offered to us.
2.《各个击破丛书(高中英语专项)---语法》(延边人民出版社---王建军)
(数词与主谓一致p24)
A (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
例如:A large quantity of people is needed here.
(large) quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.
3.English Weekly
专家篇:
笔者遍阅专家语法,发现专家们的观点并非如此,他们认为:
1. 徐广联在《大学英语语法讲座与测试》(华东理工大学出版社)中表示,a quantity of
只能修饰不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。
A quantity of 间或也可以修饰可数名词,例如,
A quantity of baskets were on sale.
2.张怀信在《英语高考活用图解辞典》(延边大学出版社)中讲到,a large/small quantity of 大量的/少量的(可以修饰可数名词或不可数名词),例如,
I need a large quantity of oil (apples).
quantities of 大批的,大量的,例如,
Large quantities of polluted water are flowing into the sea. 该书所附〈语法祥解篇---主谓一致〉还明确指出“在以上(a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of + 名词)的词组后面的名词是中心词,谓语动词根据后面的名词的数而定”。
3.顾南华在《中高级英语考试指南》(华中工学院出版社)中说,a quantity of, quantities of 可跟可数名词与不可数名词,并举有三例:
There is a large quantity of milk.
Great quantities of fish are caught on the high sea.
Large quantities of water are needed for cooling purposes.
在452页讲到“a quantity of + 不可数名词”,谓语只用单数,“quantities of + 可数与不可数名词”,谓语要用复数。
4.章振邦在《新编英语语法》(上海译文出版社)212页中讲到,a quantity of既可用于复数可数名词,也可用于不可数名词。
例如,
A large quantity of flowers were heaped on the martyr’s tomb.
A large quantity of beer was consumed.
Quantities of food were on the table.
5. 刘锐诚在《学生使用英语高考必备》(中国青年出版社)中认为,a quantity of +名词[C,U][+ 单或复数动词],quantities of +名词[C,U] [+复数动词]。
6.张鑫友在《英语语法难题新探(句法篇)》(中国地质大学出版社)529页中说,在…a large quantity of…等短语后既可接复数可数名词,亦可接不可数名词。
在它们分别和其后的名词构成短语作主语时,其谓语动词通常跟of后名词的具体情况而采用单数或复数形式。
结论篇:
1.a quantity of后既可接复数可数名词,亦可接不可数名词。
在它们分别和其后的名词构成短语作主语时,其谓语动词通常看of后名词的具体情况而采用单数或复数形式。
如果是接不可数名词,则谓语用单数形式,如果是接复数可数名词,则谓语通常要采用复数形式(※偶而接单数式谓语,属非规范用法,宜慎用。
)
2.quantities of后既可接复数可数名词,亦可接不可数名词,后面的谓语都用复数形式。
例证篇:
1 On January 18, a large quantity of coloured photopaper, dried seafood, canned abalone, audio equipment and antibiotics worth HH$16million were found in four 40-foot containers, bound for… ( In brief--- China Daily, HK Edition, 20050122, P2)
2.Besides, a large quantity of mail bags were found. (US nationals arrested for DVD piracy---China Daily, 20040731, P1)
3.An undetermined quantity of weapons and ammunition were also seized, the spokesman said. (Raid in karbala and shots fired in Baghdad---China Daily, 2003102, P1)
4.…and a small quantity of dangerous drugs were seized. (Travel scheme causes concern in HK---China Daily, 20030822, P2)A
5.A quantity of fake certificates and official stamps were also seized. (Police seize 59 in major gang smash, 20030403)
6. “…and a large quantity of drugs is reading different segments of society.”Wang said. (Zzzicit drug dealers executed----China Daily, 20030627, P2)。