自考公共英语(一)课文翻译(unit16)

Lesson Sixteen The Letter “A”(II)一、词汇intelligence n. 智力，理解力apparent adj. 明显的toe n. （人的）脚趾（finger 手指）kitchen n. 厨房imprison v. 禁锢，限制imprisonment n. 禁锢，限制long v. 渴望reward v. 报答，回报open adj. 无遮掩的triumph n. 胜利，成功uncertainty n. 不确定，不明确inside adv. 在里面glow n. 不刺眼的光，柔和的光giant adj. 巨人般的，特大的sum n. 算术题；运算，计算slate n. （旧时学童用的书写工具）石板prop v. 支撑slender adj. 细长的，纤细的vivid adj. （指光线或颜色）鲜艳的，鲜明的fascinate v. 使（某人）着迷或极感兴趣puzzle n. 令人费解的事（或人）useless adj. 无用的impolitely adv. 不礼貌的，粗鲁的impulse n. 冲动，一时的念头scribble n. 潦草的字迹，乱写或乱画的东西dazed adj. 茫然的surprised adj. 感到惊讶的，感到惊奇的aware adj. 意识到，觉察到stir v. （微微地）动；活动；摇晃midway adv. 在中途，在中间tension n. （精神上的）紧张，不安grip （gripped, gripped） v. 紧抓，紧握kneel （knelt, knelt） v. 跪下choke v. （使）难以呼吸deliberately adv. 不慌不忙地，从容不迫地；故意地freeze （froze, frozen） v. 使（人）呆住不动的immobile adj. 静止的，不能移动的stillness n. 平静，沉默profound adj. 深的，极度的ticking n. （指钟等发出）滴答声hiss n. 嘶嘶声crackle n. 爆裂声，噼啪声open adj. 敞开的stab n. 戳，捅stiffen v. 使变挺stump n. 残余部分，残段fingernail n. 手指甲pierce v. 刺入，刺破lower lip n. 下嘴唇（upper lip 上嘴唇）shaky adj. 不稳固的，摇晃的awkward adj. 难看的，不雅观的uneven adj. 不平衡的，参差不齐的lasting adj. 持久的，永久的written word n. 文字scrawl v. 潦草地写，乱写，乱画，乱涂key n. 门路；秘诀；（解决问题的）线索二、课文分析The Letter “A”1 I was now five, and still I showed no real sign of intelligence, I showed no apparent interest in things except for my toes – more especially those on my left foot. I used to lie on my back all the time in the kitchen or ,on bright warm days ,out in the garden ,surrounded by a family that loved me and hoped for me and that made me part of it. I was lonely, imprisoned in a world of my own ,unable to communicate with others, cut off, separated from them as though a glass wall stood between my existence and theirs, I longed to run about and play with the rest, but I was unable to break loose from my imprisonment.我现在已经满五岁了，但是仍然没有表现出有任何智力，除了我的脚趾头，尤其是我左脚的脚趾头。

自考英语一课堂笔记UNIT16Text A Heart Disease：Treat or Prevent？本课主要词组1.western adj. 西方的；西部的Westerner n. 西方人1）The sun began to turn red on the western horizon. （太阳在西方地平线上开始变成红色。

）2）I've just had four years in Western Nigeria.（我刚在西尼日利亚呆了四年。

）3）The impact of western technology on that country was incredible.（西方技术对那个国家的影响是难以置信的。

）4）Many Westerners eat too much food rich in sugar and fat，they may die of heart illnesses at an early age.（许多西方人吃太多高糖、高脂的食品，他们可能在年轻时就会死于心脏疾病。

）5）Westerners eat with forks and knives， while we Chinese eat with chopsticks.（西方人用刀叉吃饭，而我们中国人用筷子吃饭。

）2.alarm n. 惊恐；担心；闹铃 v. frighten （使惊恐；向…报警）alarming adj. worrying， disquieting （使人惊恐的、令人担心的）1）There is no cause for alarm. （不必恐慌。

）2）It is necessary that you install a burglar alarm.（你有必要装防盗警报器。

）3）They were alarmed to find the old lady dead.（他们发现老太太死了，大惊失色。

Text A Heart Disease:Treat or Prevent?本课主要词组1．western adj. 西方的；西部的Westerner n.西方人1) The sun began to turn red on the western horizon. （太阳在西方地平线上开始变成红色。

）2) I've just had four years in Western Nigeria.（我刚在西尼日利亚呆了四年。

）3) The impact of western technology on that country was incredible.（西方技术对那个国家的影响是难以置信的。

）4) Many Westerners eat too much food rich in sugar and fat, they may die of heart illnesses at an early age.（许多西方人吃太多高糖、高脂的食品，他们可能在年轻时就会死于心脏疾病。

）5) Westerners eat with forks and knives, while we Chinese eat with chopsticks.（西方人用刀叉吃饭，而我们中国人用筷子吃饭。

）2．alarm n. 惊恐；担心；闹铃 v. frighten （使惊恐；向…报警）alarming adj.worrying, disquieting (使人惊恐的、令人担心的)1）There is no cause for alarm. （不必恐慌。

）2）It is necessary that you install a burglar alarm.（你有必要装防盗警报器。

）3）They were alarmed to find the old lady dead.（他们发现老太太死了，大惊失色。

）4）The world's forests are shrinking at an alarming rate.（世界森林正以惊人的速度减少。

Unit16（第47讲—第49讲） 本课简介 ⼼脏病在西⽅国家已成了健康的头号杀⼿，仅在英国，每天就有约400⼈死于⼼脏病。

于是⼈们投⼊⼤量的⼈⼒、物⼒施⾏⼼脏⼿术。

⼼脏⼿术⽆疑使⽆数患者受益，但是过分强调对⼼脏病进⾏⼿术治疗则带来了三个弊端。

其⼀是对⼼脏病的预防不加重视；其⼆是医疗费⽤攀升；其三是由于有现成的设备和技术，医⽣们往往会给不需要动⼿术的病⼈做⼿术。

近期的医学研究强调，⼈们必须对引发⼼脏病的因素，如压⼒、抽烟、缺少体育运动等加以重视。

⽣活⽅式与⼼脏病之间是有联系的，因此，⼈们意识到⾃⼰必须为⾃⾝的健康负责，改变饮⾷习惯，减轻⽣活压⼒，减少抽烟，多多运动都是预防⼼脏病的有效⽅式。

预防⼼脏病⽐治疗⼼脏病更重要。

本课语⾔点 1. One of the greatest killers in the Western World is heart disease. 请注意主谓⼀致的问题 A： one of +复数名词做主语时，后⾯的谓语⽤单数形式： 1）One of the longest rivers in the world is in China. （世界上最长的河流之⼀在中国。

） 2）One of the most famous circuses in East Europe is coming to China. （东欧最有名的马戏团之⼀将来中国。

） 3）One of the most expensive cars in the parking lot belongs to Mr. Watson.（停车场⾥最昂贵的汽车之⼀是华⽣先⽣的。

） B：one of +复数名词+定语从句时，定语从句⼀般被看作修饰复数名词，因此从句中的谓语要⽤复数形式。

例如： 1）This is one of the best films that have released this year. （这是今年发⾏的影⽚之⼀。

Unit1Text A 「课文译文」怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者“学习一门语言很容易，即使小孩也能做得到。

”大多数正在学习第二语言的成年人会不同意这种说法。

对他们来说，学习一门语言是非常困难的事情。

他们需要数百小时的学习与练习，即使这样也不能保证每个成年语言学习者都能学好。

语言学习不同于其他学习。

许多人很聪明，在自己的领域很成功，但他们发现很难学好一门语言。

相反，一些人学习语言很成功，但却发现很难在其他领域有所成就。

语言教师常常向语言学习者提出建议：“要用新的语言尽量多阅读”，“每天练习说这种语言”，“与说这种语言的人住在一起”，“不要翻译——尽量用这种新的语言去思考”，“要像孩子学语言一样去学习新语言”，“放松地去学习语言。

”然而，成功的语言学习者是怎样做的呢？语言学习研究表明，成功的语言学习者在许多方面都有相似之处。

首先，成功的语言学习者独立学习。

他们不依赖书本和老师，而且能找到自己学习语言的方法。

他们不是等待老师来解释，而是自己尽力去找到语言的句式和规则。

他们寻找线索并由自己得出结论，从而做出正确的猜测。

如果猜错，他们就再猜一遍。

他们都努力从错误中学习。

成功的语言学习是一种主动的学习。

因此，成功的语言学习者不是坐等时机而是主动寻找机会来使用语言。

他们找到（说）这种语言的人进行练习，出错时请这些人纠正。

他们不失时机地进行交流，不怕重复所听到的话，也不怕说出离奇的话，他们不在乎出错，并乐于反复尝试。

当交流困难时，他们可以接受不确切或不完整的信息。

对他们来说，更重要的是学习用这种语言思考，而不是知道每个词的意思。

最后，成功的语言学习者学习目的明确。

他们想学习一门语言是因为他们对这门语言以及说这种语言的人感兴趣。

他们有必要学习这门语言去和那些人交流并向他们学习。

他们发现经常练习使用这种语言很容易，因为他们想利用这种语言来学习。

你是什么样的语言学习者？如果你是一位成功的语言学习者，那么你大概一直在独立地、主动地、目的明确地学习。

自考公共英语（一）课文翻译（unit17）-自考串讲笔记Unit 17Text A恐慌症及其影响一天下午，32岁的美国家庭主妇安妮·彼得斯正在厨房准备晚饭。

突然，她感到胸部剧烈疼痛，并伴有呼吸急促。

安妮害怕自己得了心脏病，尖叫呼救起来。

她丈夫立即把她送进附近的一家医院。

在那儿她的疼痛被诊断是由惊吓引导起的而不是心脏病发作。

现在越来越多的美国人得了和安妮一样的恐慌症。

南加利福尼亚大学的一位心理学家本杰明·克罗克尔指出，多达1000万的美国的成年人一生中已经得过或至少将得一次恐慌症。

此外，美国国家精神健康研究所进行的研究揭示，大约有120万美国成年人正得了严重的，复发性的恐慌症。

这些恐慌症发作可能只持续几分钟，但有一些则长达数小时。

恐慌症发作的症状与心脏病发作非常相似，以致很多患者都以为他们真的是得了心脏病。

恐慌症患者表现出如下症状：在人们经常不害怕的情况下他们很容易感到恐惧，不安；他们呼吸急促，感到胸痛，心跳加速，突然发抖，并觉得周围的人和物不是真实的；最主要的，他们害怕自己会死去或者发疯。

一个人得了恐慌症可能会表现出上述全部或至少其中四种症状。

关于恐慌症的病因，现已有多种解释。

很多人宣称心理压力可能是合乎逻辑的原因，但到目前为止，还没有找到证据支持这种理论。

不过，研究表明，女人得恐慌症的比男人多，酗酒者和吸毒者更容易得恐慌症。

据报道，至少有三个迹象可以表明一个人得的是恐慌症而不是心脏病。

首先是年龄，年龄在20岁到30岁的人更常得这种病。

第二是性别，女人得复发性恐慌症的比男人多。

第三是多种症状都有，一个恐慌症病人通常至少会有四种前面谈到的症状，而心脏病患者往往只感觉到疼痛和呼吸急促。

一般认为恐慌症并不直接危害人的生命。

尽管如此，恐慌症使患者非常害怕在公共场合犯病，他们可能拒绝离开家门，以致最终与社会隔绝，这就毫无必要地扰乱了他们的生活。

克罗克尔博士建议任何自以为得了恐慌症的人去看医生，进行医疗检查，以首先排除身体疾病的可能性。

自考公共英语（一）课文翻译（unit20）-自考串讲笔记Unit 20Text A不要以为不伤害人就可以这样做你认为，在我们的社会里谁触犯法律呢如果你认为只有粗野的家伙才犯罪，你可能需要再想想。

请诚实地回答下面的问题：你认识的人有没有酒醉开车的你能想起哪位朋友用过毒品吗你知不知道你父母在经过海关时并不总讲真话你的朋友中是否有人承认他们偷过商店的东西你的朋友中是否有人为别人把激光唱盘上的内容复制到磁带上如果你以前不知道，所有这些行为都是违法的。

那么现在看来，在你认识的人中，有多少人从不曾犯过法呢这是不是意味着我们社会上绝大多数人都应该进监狱我们不能像在电影里那样，将世人区分为坏蛋和模范公民。

现在实生活要复杂得多。

正如疾病可以从普通的感冒到致命的癌症轻重不等一样，犯罪的严重程度也不一样。

例如在电梯里吸烟会给别人带来麻烦，但比起持枪威胁他们，危害小得多。

人们除自己违法以外，还容忍不同程度的犯罪。

为什么我们会容忍某些犯罪呢也许因为看见别人做某件事的时候，我们接受起来更容易。

甚至我们自己可能开始犯同样的罪。

例如，大多数人发现高速公路上别人都超速开车，他们就更容易开快车。

人们在庆祝夺得某项体育冠军时，如果看见有人砸商店的窗户，他们自己也可能跟着去砸，甚至从商店里偷东西。

所以，周围的人对我们能容忍什么程度的犯罪影响很大。

我们也一定想知道，是不是因为我们每天在电视上看到暴力或者在报纸上读到暴力，所以我们过分容忍了犯罪。

我们已看惯了电视新闻中流血镜头或报纸杂志上色彩斑斓的血腥场面。

正因为我们在电视上看见成千上万的死人，也许我们才无视暴力下的环境。

如果如此多的公民容忍暴力和罪行，甚至他们自己也犯罪，这可能纯粹是因为我们的思想有问题。

我们的头脑不关心具体的法律。

相反，我们头脑里可能有一套价值体系，它总是不让我们为改善自己的生活而去伤害他人。

然而，当问题涉及到尊重众多不知姓名的人的权利时，我们也许就不那么负责了。

尽管大多数人不会去偷装有50美元的钱包，但他们可能并不在乎偷税漏税，因为偷税并不伤害任何他人。

Unit 1 Text A 英语有多难就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样，中国也掀起一股外语热，在这股热潮中，英语高居榜首。

不仅各级学校教英语，夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。

父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教，成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日，到公园参加英语角，与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。

英语真的有这么难，需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗?如果我被问及这个问题，那么毫无疑问，我的答案是：是的。

从我个人的经验来看，英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等，它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。

对英语没有这样全面的理解，即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误，一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。

讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。

以学英语的中国人为例， "你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语，若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?"，他们会因此感到不悦，这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。

这个英语句子结构不对吗? 当然不是。

学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。

同样，英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语)，会觉得中国人非常好客，会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。

如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食，又碰巧没有吃饭，他会回答"太好了，什么时候?"，中国人为此也会大吃一惊。

中国的英语学习者可能会这样问："我们可以说吃鸡，为什么不能说吃猪、吃牛、吃羊，而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、羊肉呢?对学习英语的中国人来说，为这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易事。

问题在于如果不懂英国历史，死记硬背英语单词毫无效率。

所以说，学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习使用该语言国家的历史知识。

学习英语的中国人要做到这一点比其他非英语国家的西方人要困难得多，因为汉字和英语这种拼音文字毫无共同之处，并且中国和西方世界在近代史上很少接触。

LESSON 9 HAPPINESS1, Many people think that when they become rich and successful, happiness will naturally follow. Let me tell you that certainly nothing is further from the truth. The world is full of very rich people who are as miserable as hell. We have all read stories about movie stars committing suicide or dying from drugs. Quite clearly , money is not the answer to all problems.2, Wealth achieved through dishonest means does not bring happiness. Lottery winnings do not bring happiness. Wealth left by parents does not bring happiness. In fact, money alone is almost worthless. If you have both self-esteem and money, however, you are well on the way to happiness. What is missing in both self-esteem and money is productive work and a real contribution towards the happiness of others. The secret to happiness lies in the contribution towards the happiness of others. You can fool others but you can never fool yourself. If you obtain wealth through luck or dishonest means, you will know you did not earn it. If you have taken advantage of or hurt others to earn your wealth, you will not be happy. You will not feel you are capable.3, There are many highly-paid managers and entertainers who do not like themselves. Outwardly, they seem successful, but deep down they are miserable. They know they are contributing very little of real value and all the time they live in fear of being exposed as cheats. They know they are not earning their wealth. They know they are cheating the company , the government or society. But they can’t fool themselves.4, Long-term happiness is based on honesty, productive work(創造性的勞動), contribution, and self-esteem. Happiness in not an end; it is a process. It is a continuous process of honest, productive work which makes a real contribution to others and makes you feel like a worthwhile person. As Dr. Wayne wrote, “There is no way to happiness. Happiness is the way.” There is no use saying “Some day when I achieve these goals, when I get this car, build this house and have this busines s…then I will be really happy.” Life just does not work that way. If you wait for certain things to happen and depend on external circumstances of life to make you happy, you will always feel unfulfilled无成就感. There will always be something missing.5, Long-term happiness is a process of moving towards worthwhile goals and contributing towards the welfare and happiness of others. It does not mean that you should give away all your wealth. It means doing what you love and loving what you do. It means achieving your goals and then challenging yourself to bigger and better things. It means always striving for more, learning and growing. Doing nothing means death. Activity means life. Find your purpose, set some goals, do what you love, love what you do, work honestly and productivelyand contribute real values to the others. In the long term, that’s what it’s all about.6, In the short term, you can start practising being happy right now without any obvious r eason. How will you know how to be happy if you don’t try it? It is the same as acting and feeling rich. Don’t wait for another 10 years to start feeling rich, successful and happy. Start practising now. You know that they say “practice makes perfect.” 熟能生巧Pretend and act as if you were happy and you will be happy. Pretend and act as if you were miserable and …well, forget about this last one. You have been practising that one for far too long.LESSON 10: The Joker (1)1 It was a very happy funeral, a great success. Even the sun shone that day for the late Henry Ground. Lying in his coffin, he was probably enjoying himself, too. Once more, and for the last time on this earth, he was the center of attention. Yes, it was a very jolly affair. People laughed and told each other jokes. Relatives who had not spoken for years smiled at each other and promised to stay in touch. And , of course, everyone had a favourite story to tell about Henry.2 “Do you remember the time he dressed up as a gypsy and went from d oor to door telling people’s fortunes? He actually made 6 pounds in an afternoon!”3 “I was once having dinner with him in an expensive restaurant. When the wine-waiter brought the wine, he poured a drop into Henry’s glass and waited with a proud expressi on on his face, as if to say “taste it , you peasant. It’s clear that you know nothing about wine.” So Henry, instead of tasting it, the way any normal person would do, dipped his thumb and forefinger into the wine. Then he put his hand to his ear and rolled his forefinger and thumb together as if he were listening to the quality of the wine! Then he nodded to the wine-waiter seriously, as if to say “yes, that’s fine. You may serve it.” You should have seen the wine-waiter’s face! And how Henry managed to keep a straight face, I’ll never know!”4 “Did you hear about the practical joke he played when he was a student, the one with the road-menders? Some workmen were digging a hole in the road. First, Henry phoned the police and told them that some students were digging a hole in the road, and that he didn’t think it was a very funny thing to do. Then he went to the workmen and told them that some students had dressed up as policeman and were coming to tell them to stop digging the hole! Well , you can imagine what happened!”5 “Yes, old Henry loved to pull people’s legs. Once, when he was invited to an exhibition of some abstract modern painter’s latest work, he managed somehowto get in the day before and turn all the paintings upside down. The exhibition ra n for four days before anyone noticed!”6 “His father, poor man, could never understand why Henry did such crazy things.”7 “It’s hard to believe that Henry was a Ground when you think how different he was from his brothers.”8 Yes, it was difficult to believe that he was a Ground. He was born into an unimportant but well-to-do family. He was the youngest of five sons. The Grounds were a handsome lot : bule-eyed, fair-haired, clever and ambitious. The four older boys all made a success of their lives. They married beautiful girls of good family, and produced children as fair and handsome and clever as themselves. That eldest became a clergyman; the second ended up as the headmaster of a famous public school; the third went into business and became rich; t he fourth followed in his father’s footsteps and became a lawyer. That is why everybody was amazed when the youngest Ground, Henry, turned out to bea lazy good–for–nothing.9 Unlike his brothers, he had brown eyes and dark hair, but he was every bit as handsome and charming, which made him quite a lady-killer. And, although he never married, there is no doubt at all that Henry Ground loved women. He also loved eating, drinking, laughing, talking and a thousand other activities which don’t make money or im prove the human life. One of his favourite pastimes was doing nothing. His idea of an energetic afternoon when the sun was shining主語was to sit under a tree表語, with a pretty girl by his side, and all the time in the world to talk of his and that , to count the blades of grass.作定語10 What a worthless fellow! Some people whispered that his real father was not the present Mr. Ground at all , but a wild gypsy who had come one day to the house and had swept Mrs. Ground off her feet (迷倒她)with his dancing black eyes and his wicked immoral ways. It was a good story, interesting and romantic, but surely untrue. One thing was true: you couldn’t help liking Henry Ground and his talent for making you laugh. Henry Ground was, above all else, a joker.LESSON 11: A Joker(2)1, Anyway, the stories went on even while the coffin was being lowered into the grave. People held handkerchiefs to their eyes, but their tears were tears of laughter, not sadness. Afterwards, there was a funeral breakfast, by invitation only. It was attended by twelve of Henry’s closest friends. Henry Ground had asked his brother, Colin, to read out his will. Henry had been in debt all his life, hadn’t he? What could he possibly have to leave in a will?2, Colin cleared his throat, “Ahem! If you are ready, ladies and gentlemen.” Everyone settled down and waited silently. Colin opened the will, and began to read it out in a singsong voice.3, “I , Henry Ground, being of sound mind…. Last will and testament…do hereby bequeath…”4, The legal phrases came out slowly one after another, *1and the audience grew impatient to get to the important part. It came soon enough. When Colin announced that Henry Ground, though known as a good-for-nothing, had invested his money very wisely, and was in fact worth at least three-quarters of a million, everyone gasped. But who was going to get it? Eyes narrowed and throats went dry.5, “You are all such dear friends of mine,” Colin went on reading out Henry Ground’s words in a flat tone, which, if they weren’t so interested, would have sent everyone to sleep,” that I cannot decide which of you to leave my money to.” Colin paused. In the silence, you could have heard a pin drop. He went on, ”So , dear friend, I have set you a little competition. Each of you in turn must tell the funniest joke he or she can think of , and the one who gets the most laughter will get all my money. Colin will be the ju dge of the best joke.”6, “So, ladies and gentlemen, “ said Colin, putting the will down on the table, “it’s up to you now. Who will go first? May I suggest that you go in alphabetical order of surnames?”7, The first person stood up and told a very funny joke about an Englishman who fell in love with his umbrella. When he finished, he was in tears of laughter, for he always laughed at his own jokes. The rest of the group remained dead silent. You could tell from their faces and their eyes that they found the joke funny, but not one of them was going to laugh, and give him the chance to win the competition. The second told a story about a three-legged pig, which was so good that, some years later, a film company made a cartoon of it. When she sat down, the others buried their faces in their handkerchiefs, coughed, pretended to sneeze, dropped pencils under the table – anything to cover up their laughter. And so it went on, joke after joke, the sort of jokes that make your sides ache. And nobody dared to laugh.8, Well, by the time the last joke had been told, every one of the twelve was sitting perfectly still, desperately holding in the laughter which was bursting to get out.9, Silence. Painful silence.10, Suddenly, Colin sneezed . A perfectly ordinary sneeze. Then he took out a large red handkerchief and blew his nose. Bbbrrrrrrppp.11, That was enough. Someone burst out laughing, unable to hold it in any longer. That started the others off. In no time, everyone was doubled up, tears streaming from their eyes, their shoulders rising and falling as wave after wave of laughter swept the crowd. Of course, they were not just laughing at the sneeze, nor even at the twelve jokes. No, they were laughing at themselves as they realized that Henry Ground had led them into his last, and the funniest, practical joke, setting their need to laugh against their desire for money.12, When, at long last , the laughter died down, Colin cleared his throat once more.”I have been practising that sneeze for a week or more.” He said . “Henry’s idea, of course,” he added, unnecessarily: all twelve guests realized they had been set up beautifully.13 “My friends,”the last paragraph of the will began , “forgive me ,but I couldn’t resist playing one last little joke on you. It’s good to know that your love of laughter finally overcame your love of money.14 Colin paused, letting the meaning of the words sink in. Then he read out the final part of the late Henry Ground’s last will and testament.15 “My friends, thank you for le tting me have the last laugh. As for the money: because I love you all, my fortune will be divided equally among you. Enjoy your share, and think of me whenever you hear laughter.”16 The group fell silent. For the first time that day, there was a feeling of sadness in the air.Lesson 12: Little things are Big1, It was very late at night on the eve of Memorial Day. She got on the subway train at the 34th Street Pennsylvania Station. I am still trying to remember how she managed to push herself in with a baby on her right arm, a traveling bag in her left hand and two children , a boy and a girl , about three and five years old, following after her. She was a nice looking white lady in her early twenties. 2, At Nevins Street Station , Brooklyn , I saw her preparing to get off at the next station – Atlantic Avenue-which happened to be the place where I had to get off. (Just as it was a problem for her to get on, it was going to be a problem for her to get off the train with two small children to be taken care of , a baby on her right arm and a medium-sized bag in her left hand.3, And there I was, also preparing to get off at the Atlantic Avenue (大西洋大街站), with nothing to take care of – not even the usual customary book under my arm.4, As the train was entering the Atlantic Avenue Station, some white man stood up from his seat and helped her out, placing the children on the long, deserted platform. There were only two adults on the long platform some time after midnight on the eve of last Memorial Day.5, I could see the steep concrete stairs going down to the Long Island Railroad or up into the street. Should I off my help as the American white man had done? Should I take care of the girl and the boy, take them by their hands until they were out of the station?6, Puerto Ricans are a courteous people. And here I was – a Puerto Rican –hours past midnight, faced with two while children and a white lady, with a baby on her right arm and a bag in her left hand , obviously needing somebody to help them at least until they went up the long concrete stairs.7, But how could I , a Negro and Puerto Rican, approach this white lady who very likely might be prejudiced against Negroes and anybody with a foreign accent, in a deserted subway station very late at night?8, What would she say? What would be the first reaction of this white American woman, perhaps coming from a small town with a big, two children and a baby on her right arm? Would she say: yes . of couse , you may help me? Or would she think bad things perhaps? What would I do if she screamed as I went toward her to offer my help?9, Was I misjudging her? So many slanders are written every day in the daily press against Negroes and Puerto Ricans. I hesitated for a long, long minute. The traditional good manners that the most illiterate Puerto Rican passes on from father to son were struggling inside me. Here I was , may past midnight, face to face with a situation that could very well become an incident of prejudice and chauvinism caused by the unjust policy of our society today.10, It was a long minute. I passed on by her as if I saw nothing. As if I didn’t see that she needed help. Like a rude animal walking on two legs. I just moved on, half running along the long subway platform, leaving the children and the woman alone. I took the steps of the long concrete stairs in twos until I reached the street above and the cold air hit my warm face.11, This is what racism and prejudice and chauvinism and a divided society cando to the people and to a nation!12, Perhaps the lady was not prejudiced after all. Or not prejudiced enough to scream when a Negro went toward her in a deserted subway station a few hours past midnight. If you were not prejudiced, I failed you, dear lady. I know that there is a chance in a million. that you will read these lines. I am willing to take that millionth chance. If you were not prejudiced, I failed you lady.I failed you, children. I failed myself to myself.(to take a chance碰碰運氣,冒險一試)13, I buried my courtesy early on Memorial Day morning. But here is a promise that I make to myself here and now; if I am ever faced with a situation like that again, I am going to offer my help regardless of how the offer is going to be received.14, Then I will have my courtesy with me again.Lesson 13 : Hobbyist1 “I heard a rumor,” Sangstrom said, “that you-” He turned his head and looked about him to make absolutely sure that he and the druggist were alone in the tiny drugstore. The druggist was a little man who could have been any age from fifty to a hundred. They were alone, but Sangstrom dropped his voice just the same. “ –that you have a completely undetectable poison.”2 The druggist nodded. He came around the counter and locked the front door of the shop, then walked toward a doorway behind the counter. “I was about to take a coffee break,” he said. “Come with me and have a cup.”3 Sangstrom followed him around the counter and through the doorway to a back room ringed by shelves of bottles from floor to ceiling. The druggist plugged in an electric coffee pot, found two cups and put them on a table that had a chair on either side of it. He motioned Sangstrom to one of the chairs and took the other himself. “Now.” he said. “Tell me. Whom do you want to kill , and why?”4 “Does it matter?” Sangstrom asked. “Isn’t it enough that I pay for –“5 The druggist interrupted him with an upraised hand. “Yes, it matters. I must be convinced that you deserve what I can give you. Otherwise –” he shrugged.6 “All right,” Sangstrom said. “The whom is my wife. The why –” he started the long story. Before he had quite finished, the coffee pot had finished its task and the druggist briefly interrupted to get the coffee for them. Sangstrom finished his story.7 The little druggist nodded. “Yes, I occasionally give out an undetectable poison.I do so freely; I do not charge for it, if I think the case is deserving. I have helped many murderers.8 “Fine,” Sangstrom said. “Please give it to me ,then.”9 The druggist smiled at him. “I already have. By the time the coffee was readyI had decided that you deserved it. It was, as I said, free. But there is a price for the antidote.”10 Sangstrom turned pale. But he had expected – not this , but the possibility ofa double-cross or some form of blackmail. He pulled a pistol from his pocket.11 The little druggist chuckled. “ You daren’t use that. Can you find the antidote” – he waved at the shelves –“among those thousands of bottle? Or would you find a faster, more deadly poison? Or if you think I’m bluffing, that you are not really poisoned, go ahead and shoot. You’ll know the answer within three hours when the poison starts to work.”12 “How much for the antidote?” Sangstrom growled.13 “Quite reasonable. A thousand dollars. After all, a man must live. Even if his hobby is preventing murders, there’s no reson why he shouldn’t make money at it, is there?”14 Sangstrom growled and put the pistol down, but within reach, and took out his wallet. Maybe after he had the antidote, he’d still use that pistol. He counted out a thousand dollars in hundred-dollar bills and put them on the table.15 The druggist made no immediate move to pick them up. He sai d:” And one other thing –for your wife’s safety and mine. You will write a confession of your intention – your former intention. I hope – to murder your wife. Then you will wait till I go out and mail it to a friend of mine in the police. He’ll keep it as evidence in case you ever do decide to kill your wife. Or me, for that matter.16 “When that is in the mail it will be safe for me to return here and give you the antidote. I’ll get you paper and pen….17 “Oh, one other thing – although I do not absolutely insist on it. Please help spread the word about my undetectable poison, will you? One never knows, Mr. Sangstrom. The life you save, if you have any enemies, just might be your own.”Lesson 14 : The mystery of the silver Box1 The Thinking Machine tu rned to the worried businessman , “State your problem.”2 “It isn’t a crime –that is , a crime that can be punished by law,” Mr. Grayson said. “but it has cost me millions, perhaps as much as ten million dollars! Briefly, there is an information leak at my office. My business plans have become known to others almost as soon as I have made them. My plans are large; I have millions of dollars at stake, and the need for secrecy is great. For years my plans have been safe, but half a dozen times in the last eight weeks they have become known to my competitors – in the smallest detail, and in time for them to steal my customers.”3, “Tell me more please,” said The Thinking Machine.4 “I make machines and tools used in factories. Recently I sent my salesmen toa new industrial area out West to demonstrate some new machines. At first this was a great success; the factory owners truly liked this on-the-spot service and bought everything the salesmen demonstrated.5 “But suddenly my staff there reported that wher ever they went, they were too late. My biggest business competitor had already sent their salesmen out to demonstrate their products at a lower price!”6 The Thinking Machine walked to the window. “So now you want to know how – and when – information is leaking from your office. Well, to whom do you tell your business plans?”7 “No one, except my personal secretary, Evelyn Winthrop. She has been with me for six years; more than five years before this leak began. I have always trusted her.”8 “And she is the only one who knows your plans?”9 “Well, she hears of my plans only a few minutes or so before I give orders to carry them out. This week, for instance, I planned to send salesmen to Oklahoma with new oil drills. My district manager didn’t know this p lan. Miss Winthrop heard of it only on the morning they were to go out. Then I dictated to her in my office some letters of instructions to my district managers. That is all Miss Winthrop knew of my Oklahoma plan.”10 “You outlined the plan in those letters?”11 “No. They merely told my managers which salesmen I wanted for Oklahomaand the costs of the various drills.”12 “But a careful person, knowing the content of all those letters, could have worked out what you intended to do?”13 “Yes, but no one person knew the contents of all the letters, Miss Winthrop and I were the only two human beings who knew what was in them all. Neither Miss Winthrop nor I left the office all day. Yet before the day ended , I received phone calls from two managers telling me of the unbeatable offers form my competitor.”14 “What is your business competitor’s name?”15 “Ralph Matthews,”said Mr. Grayson.16 The Thinking Machine went to a desk, addressed an envelope, got a sheet of paper and place it inside , and sealed the envelope. Then he turned back to Mr. Grayson, “ Let us go to see Miss Winthrop now,” he said.17 From the office door, The Thinking Machine went straight to Miss Winthrop’s desk and handed her the envelope. “Mr. Ralph Matthews asked me to give you this,” he said.18 The young woman glanced up at his face frankly, took the envelope, and turned it curiously in her hand. “Ralph Matthews,” she repeated the name as if it sounded strange to her, “I don’t think I know him.” Nevertheless, she opened the envelo pe and took out the paper. “Why, it’s a blank sheet!” she remarked, puzzled.19 The detective turned suddenly to Mr. Grayson who had looked on with frank astonishment. “May I use a telephone, please?” asked The Thinking Machine.20 He picked the receiver of Miss Winthrop’s phone and held it to his ear a moment. “It’s busy,” he said. He hung up, pausing for a moment to admire a beautiful silver box right beside the telephone. “Thank you, Miss Winthrop,” he said as he left the room.21 Back in Mr. Grayson’s office, the detective told him to ask Miss Winthrop to take some dictation the next morning at 9:45. And that night, he arranged for a secret extension to be attached to Miss Winthrop’s phone. The next morning he was at the extension, pencil in hand, while Mr. Grayson carried out his orders. A little later, he asked the businessman to go with him to the secretary’s desk. 22 “So you did know Ralph Matthews after all,” he said, throwing onto her deska sheet of paper he had brought with him.23 The girl s topped her noisy typing and rose from her chair, trembling. “What do you mean,sir?” she demanded weakly.24 “And you might as well remove the silver box,” The Thinking Machine continued. “There is no further need of the telephone connection.”Lesson 15: Unreality of TV1 Dr. Heinrich Applebaum recently completed a study on the effects of television on children. It is not about violence, but about how television gives children a false sense of reality.2 Dr. Applebaum told me, “The greatest danger of tel evision is that it presentsa world to children that doesn’t exist, and leads them to expect things that never happen.3 “I don’t understand, Doctor,” I said.4 “Well, let me give you one example. Have you ever seen a television show where a person in a car doesn’t immediately find a parking place on the very first try?5 “Come to think of it,” I said , “I haven’t”6 “Not only is there always a parking place, but the driver doesn’t even have to back into it. There are two parking spaces for him when he needs one. Children are being led to believe that when they grow up they will always be able to find a parking place available when and where they want it. You can imagine how bad they will feel when they discover that in real life they can drive around a block for three hours and still can’t find a place to park their car.”(lead-led-led)8 “ I never thought of it, but it’s true. What else do they show on television which gives a distorted picture of the real world?”9 “Have you noticed that whenever a pe rson walks out of a restaurant or office building and says to the doorman, “Get me a taxi, the taxi immediately arrives?I have never seen a TV show where the doorman has said, “I “ am sorry. I can’t get you a taxi. You’d better take the bus.”10 “Of course,” I said , “ I never noticed that. There is always a yellow taxi waiting somewhere off the TV screen.”11 “Now,” said Applebaum, “have you ever said to a taxi driver, ‘Follow that car and don’t lose him’?”12 “Not really.”13 “Well, if you had, the driver would have told you not to talk nonsense. No taxi driver wants to follow another car because that means he’s going to get into trouble. But on TV every taxi driver looks as if he had nothing better to do than to drive 90 miles an hour through rain-swept street trying to keep up with a carful of gangsters. And the worst thing is that the kids believe it.14 “What else have you discovered?”15 “Kids have a false sense of what emergency wards of hospitals are really like. On TV shows they take a kid to an emergency ward and four doctors come rushing down to bandage his leg. In a real life situation the kid would be sitting on the bench for two hours before he even saw a nurse. On TV there always happens to be a hospital bed available when a kid needs it. What the kids in this country don’t know is that sometimes you have to wait three days to get a hospital bed and then you have to pay 500 dollars down before they give it to you.”16 Applebaum said the cruelest lie of all is when TV shows a lawyer defending someone innocent of a crime.17 “ On the screen the lawyer spends day and night looking for evidence to prove the person is innocent. In real life the lawyer says to the defendant, ‘Look, I’ve got 20 minutes. Tell me your story and then I’ll plead y ou guilty and make a deal with the D.A.’ The defendant might say, ‘But I’m innocent.’ They lawyer would say, ‘So what? I can’t afford to find that out. I’m not Perry Mason.’”18 “Then what you’re saying, Dr. Applebaum, is that it isn’t the violence on TV but the unreality that is doing harm to children.”19 “Exactly. Even the advertisements are harmful. Children are led to believe that when grow up if they use a certain mouthwash they’ll find the mate of their dreams. When they don’t find him or her after washing their dreams. When they don’t find him or her after washing their mouth all night, they fall into a difficult situation and many of them never come out of it.”Lesson sixteen: Remembering Tracy Bill1 This year, my husband David and I celebrated the 22nd birthday of a man we had never met. His name was Tracy Bill Marsh, a tall handsome young man who。

自考公共英语（一）课文翻译（unit25）-自考串讲笔记Unit 25Text A美国男人不哭美国男人不哭，因为人们认为哭不是男人的特征。

只有女人才哭。

哭是女人“软弱”的特征。

没有一个美国男人愿意被人认为有丝毫软弱或女人气。

在我们的文化中，哭被看成是幼稚，软弱和依赖的表现。

没有人喜欢爱哭的孩子。

甚至我们也不赞成孩子们哭，尽可能早的劝阻他们哭。

在我们这样一个一心追求幸福的国家里，哭实在不是美国的风格。

在一些小孩子可以哭的场合，成年人必须学会做到不哭。

女人是“软弱的”和“依赖的”性别，她们在某些动情的场合下哭是很自然的。

女人哭是情有可原的，但男人哭则是软弱的标志。

这就是美国人对于哭的信念。

我们使我们的男孩子们铭记在心“小男子汉从来不哭。

只有女孩和爱哭的孩子才哭。

”于是我们美国男人调教得不管他们什么时候想哭，都能做到不哭。

美国男人不哭，不是因为他们随着年龄的增长体内的某个生物钟使其哭的能力清耗殆尽，而是因为他们被训练得不哭。

于是这位“小男子汉”控制自己哭的愿望，并继续下去直到他想哭时也不会哭了。

结果我们就在美国男人身上造成了一种被训练得不会哭的能力。

但这并不好。

为什么不好因为哭是人体机体的一种自然功能，原本用来使感情失衡的人恢复到平衡状态。

人体器官系统从不平衡状态回到稳定状态或动态稳定状态叫做体内平衡。

哭对整个机体起着体内平衡的功能。

对体内平衡的任何干扰都可能损害机体。

有充分理由相信，美国男人被训练得不会哭会严重损害他们的身体。

一个人没有必要想哭就哭，但该哭的时候，也就是当他需要哭的时候，应能哭得出来。

因为在某些情感失衡的情况下，哭对保持身体健康是必要的。

是人就会哭。

人类是整个动物界中唯一能流泪的物种。

把任何人训练得不会哭乃是减少他做人的能力——这是一种通常比单纯不能哭更深刻的缺陷。

而这，以及还有其他，正是美国的父母们以他们世上最良好的心愿给美国男人所造成的。

这是很可悲的。

假如我们想哭，就让我们痛痛快快地哭一场，把那些长期妨碍我们认识哭泣这一自然需要的那些陈腐混乱观念从我们的头脑中清除出去。

自考公共英语（一）课文翻译（unit11）-自考串讲笔记Unit 11Text A不一般的美国宅前旧货展卖不久前，查理士·艾里克逊和他的家人决定搞一次春季大扫除。

他们对家里的物品进行清理之后，找出了1500来件旧的，多余的东西——全是些他们相处理掉的东西。

艾里克逊一家决定按照当今许多美国人所做的那样，举办一次宅前旧货展卖。

他们在附近的地区到处张贴自制的展卖标示，在当地报纸上登了广告，然后，在位于密执安州布鲁姆菲尔德山镇的自家庭院前摆出那些多余的物件，然后等待有人来买。

艾里克逊一家对此本不需要担心。

那些心情迫切的买主们一个周末买走了几乎所有的东西，只剩下50件，使这家人多了442美元的收入。

车库展卖，庭院展卖，地下室展卖——不管它们叫什么和在哪儿举行，这样做的美国人不断在增加。

展卖的物品种类之多真是非同一般，有盘子，书籍，旧衣服，工具，轮胎，空瓶子，自行车，家具等等。

住在乔治亚州亚特兰大市的一位男士，甚至卖掉了一辆1931年造福特汽车的原尺寸复制品。

家住德克萨斯州休斯敦市的杰里·麦克尼利太太和朋友们一起搞过两次旧货展卖，她说：“你可能不相信有人会买这些东西。

可是另一方面，你又可能不相信有些东西人们会拿出来来卖。

”为什么美国人愿意寻觅别人处理的旧货呢几乎每个人都认为，生活费用不断上涨是举办旧货展卖和光顾旧货展卖的原因。

宅前展卖的物品的价格通常只占它们原来价格的很小一部分，所以卖主能挣点额外的钱，而买主又能省不少钱。

但原因不止如此，人们觉得展卖很有意思。

宅前展卖已经成为近郊住宅区的一种社交活动，吸引着各种年龄层次的人。

邻居们乐意认识新人，有些家庭甚至还招待饮料和点心。

一位心理学家指出，人们已经厌倦了生活的计算机化，他们可能在寻找自己的根。

许多年轻的买主说，他们已对那些劣质的现代商品失去兴趣，因此他们在寻找过去物品更坚固，更结实的时代遗留下来的东西，那时候东西造得经久耐用。

有些人买展卖的旧货已成为爱好。

15-A. How TV Violence Affects KidsFor more than a quarter of a century, evidence has been increasing that children's exposure to violence on television has long-lasting, effects on their behavior. Between 1982 and 1986, the amount of television time allocated each week to violent programs increased significantly. And the number of violent acts on television in the past years has increased from about 19 to 27 per hour. Given the amount of time that children watch television, it has become one of the most powerful models they want to follow. The Position Statement on Media Violence in Children's Lives, recently adopted by the National Association for the Education of Young Children, points out that preschool children are particularly easily affected by the media because they are not yet fully able to distinguish fantasy from reality and their understanding of the underlying motives for behavior and the subtleties of moral conflicts is not yet well developed. For example, the rapid recoveries of people on TV from violent attacks give children an unrealistic picture of the injuries that have been suffered.Effects on PlayChildren naturally often want the toys shown on and advertised during these programs. And with these toys, their play tends to be more imitative than imaginative. Children simply imitate the behavior observed during the program,thus undermining both the imaginative and the expressive functions of play. The narrow range of most violence-related toys advertised on television jeopardizes the role of play in helping children make better sense of their own feelings and interpret their world. Some research even suggests that children apply the behaviors observed on TV programs to their real-life situations.Parents Can HelpIt is a good idea for parents to monitor the amount as well as the kind of television their preschool child watches. If your child appears to be crazy about war play and weapons, it would be a good idea to control his viewing. Controlling viewing is easier to do during the preschool years than during the school years, so you should initiate a pattern of restricted television watching now.Help your child to interpret what she sees - to think of explanations for the events depicted and to imagine how the show is put together. Make simple critique of a show without implying that her fascination with the drama and the weapons makes her guilty by association.Ask the teachers of your child's preschool about their policy on war play and toy weapons. Many preschool teachers do not like to have commercially made toy weapons brought into the classroom and welcome hearing your concerns aboutthis matter. Look for other parents who share your views. Work together to control the amount of violent programs watched and the number of violent toys found in the home. Try to arrange play dates for the children as an alternative to TV viewing. Or look for videos of healthy, nonviolent programs for children, and encourage their use as an attractive alternative to violent television programs.【课文译文】电视暴力片对孩子的影响近25年多来，愈来愈多的证据表明，孩子接触电视中的暴力镜头，对他们的行为有着持久的影响。

02年04月（有答案）91.我们靠什么才能实现自己的目标?What do we depend on to achieve our goal? 92.班上所有同学都把老师看作朋友。

All the students in the class regard/look upon their teacher as their friend.93.桑兰梦想有一天能再站起来。

Sanglan dreams that some day she will be able to get to her feet/stand up again.94.我们应该永远记住为祖国做出贡献的人们。

We should always remember those who have mad contributions to our country.95.母亲走进房间时，小男孩假装忙着做作业。

The boy pretend to doing his homework when his mother walked into the room.96.学校和家长都应教育孩子如何应对困难和失败。

Both schools and parents should teach children how to deal with difficulties and face failures. 97.既然他已经为自己的所作所为道歉了，我们就应该原谅他。

Now that he has apologized for what he did, we should forgive him.98.他们拒绝做任何会使祖国蒙受耻辱的事情。

They refuse to do anything that may bring the shame on their motherland.99.他一上午都花在为邻居修理自行车上。

He spent the whole morning repairing bicycles for his neighbour100.我们正在开会，一个陌生人突然闯了进来。