1516 口译课视译材料

英语口译教程译文English Interpreting TutorialInterpreting plays a crucial role in facilitating communication between people who speak different languages. It requires exceptional language skills, as well as the ability to understand and convey both the content and the meaning of a message accurately and efficiently. This tutorial aims to provide an overview of the main principles and techniques of English interpreting.One of the fundamental principles of interpreting is the idea of simultaneous interpretation. This technique involves interpreting a message in real-time, while the speaker is delivering it. Simultaneous interpreters typically work in a booth equipped with headphones, a microphone, and specialized interpreting equipment. They listen to the speaker through the headphones and interpret the message into the target language, which is then transmitted to the intended audience through a separate audio channel.To ensure effective interpretation, it is important for interpreters to have a deep understanding of both the source and target languages. They need to be highly proficient in both, with a native or near-native level of fluency. Interpreters must also have a broad knowledge of different subject areas, such as politics, economics, science, and technology, as they may be required to interpret in a wide range of contexts.Interpretation techniques vary depending on the type of interpreting being performed. Consecutive interpreting involves the interpreter listening to the speaker and then delivering theinterpretation once the speaker has finished speaking. This method is often used in small group settings, such as business meetings or negotiations. In consecutive interpreting, note-taking becomes crucial, as it helps the interpreter remember key points and deliver an accurate interpretation.Sight translation is another technique used in interpreting. It involves reading out a written text in one language and translating it orally into another language. This method is often employed when there is a need to quickly convey written information to an audience that does not understand the source language.Interpreters must also possess excellent public speaking skills. They need to be able to deliver the interpretation with clarity, confidence, and appropriate intonation, while maintaining a neutral tone and not adding or omitting any information. Interpreters must also be skilled in managing any challenges that may arise during the interpreting process, such as dealing with difficult terminology, resolving ambiguities, or handling emotional situations.In conclusion, English interpreting requires a combination of linguistic skills, subject knowledge, and public speaking abilities. Effective interpreters are not only fluent in their working languages, but also possess a deep understanding of the cultures and contexts in which they work. With the right training and experience, interpreters can successfully bridge language barriers and facilitate effective communication between individuals and groups from different linguistic backgrounds.。

视译材料中常用到的经济类话题举例1 Fiat seems bent on world domination of the car industry. But these days that cannot be achieved without a production presence in China, which has suddenly found itself catapulted into the position of the world's largest vehicle market by the blood bath in the US car market.菲亚特似乎有意主宰全球汽车工业.但如今, 如果在中国没有生产业务, 这一点也无法实现. 随着美国汽车市场哀鸿遍野,中国突然发现自己已晋升为全球最大的汽车市场.2 So now comes news that the Italian car company is talking to one of Beijing's favourite Chinese carmakers, Guangzhou Automobile, about a production joint venture. This would get Fiat back into China, after the joint venture with Nanjing Auto fell apart in 2007.所以,现在有新闻报道,这个意大利汽车公司正与北京最热门的国产汽车制造商之一---广汽,商谈组建合资生产企业.这将带领菲亚特重回中国市场. 此前,该公司与与南京汽车的合资企业于07年解体.3 Fiat is not talking about its plans for China, the only current bright spot in the world car industry. But Guangzhou Auto yesterday confirmed to the Financial Times that it is talking to Fiat about technical co-operation that “would not exclude the possibility of forming a joint ve nture”. The outlines of a potential deal are there for all to see on the website of the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection, which posted a notice in March that Fiat and Guangzhou Auto are discussing a Rmb4.27bn ($626m) joint venture. The official Shanghai Securities News says the venture could be approved within weeks and would produce 140,000 vehicles and 220,000 engines annually from 2011.菲亚特并没有谈及其在中国的计划. 中国是目前全球汽车工业唯一一个亮点.但昨天, 广汽已向<<金融时报>>证实,目前它正与菲商谈技术合作事宜. 该技术合作将不排除组建合资公司的可能性. 中国环保局网站里公布了一个潜在合作意向的大纲, 并于三月份发布了一份公告,称菲和广汽正讨论设立一家总投资为人民币42.7亿元人民币（合6.26亿美元）的合资企业。

Utilization of Foreign Capital in ChinaReporter: Hello, Prof. Wang. Some top economic experts have claimed that the adoption of the reform and opening up to the outside wor ld policy and the successful utilization of foreign capital can be seen as the contributing factors to China’s economy. Do you have any comments on it?W ang: 好的，我个人也很同意这种说法。

事实上，外资在促进我国经济发展上起着很重要的作用。

Reporter:So, I’d like to know how China has attracted foreign capital for the past two decades.W ang：很好。

中国吸收外国资金的形式是贷款、外商直接投资和它形式的投资，例如：国际租赁、补偿贸易、加工装配贸易等。

Reporter: So far, how many countries and regions have investments in China?W ang：超过170多个国家和地区。

Reporter: In what areas are the Sino-foreign joint ventures involved?W ang:中外合资企业在开始的时候主要进军加工业，继而，便扩展到基础工业和外向型产业、制造业、商业、金融业、信息业、咨询服务、房地产业和其他领域。

Reporter: But in recent years, China’s investment has improved a gr eat deal in general.W ang: 所以，有一些这类企业也逐渐到内地城市落户。

用于口译员训练的欧盟口译材料IntroductionWelcome to the EU Interpreting Training Material! In this manual, you will find various exercises and resources to help you improve your interpreting skills. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced interpreter, these materials will provide you with the necessary practice to enhance your language proficiency, listening comprehension, and interpreting techniques.Section 1: Language ProficiencyLanguage proficiency is a crucial aspect of interpreter training. In order to effectively convey the meaning of the speaker's message, you must have a strong command of both your working languages. The following exercises will help you strengthen your language skills:Exercise 1: Vocabulary Expansion- Create a list of common EU-related terms in your working languages.- Practice using these terms in sentences and conversations.- Use online resources and dictionaries to expand your vocabulary.Exercise 2: Reading Comprehension- Read EU legislation, press releases, and official speeches in your working languages.- Summarize the main points and key information.- Practice reading texts out loud to improve your pronunciation and fluency.Exercise 3: Grammar Review- Review grammar rules and structures in your working languages.- Practice using different tenses, verb forms, and sentence structures.- Identify common errors and mistakes in your language use and correct them.Section 2: Listening ComprehensionListening comprehension is a crucial skill for interpreters, as you need to be able to accurately understand the speaker's message in real-time. The following exercises will help you improve your listening skills:Exercise 1: Shadowing- Listen to recordings of EU speeches, meetings, and press conferences in your working languages.- Repeat what you hear simultaneously, matching the speaker's pace and intonation.- Focus on capturing the main ideas and key points of the speech.Exercise 2: Note-taking- Practice taking notes while listening to EU speeches and meetings.- Use symbols, abbreviations, and keywords to quickly capture the speaker's main points. - Review your notes afterwards to improve your retention and accuracy.Exercise 3: Simultaneous Interpretation- Practice simultaneous interpretation by listening to recordings and interpreting the speaker's message in real-time.- Start with short sentences and gradually increase the length and complexity of the speeches.- Focus on maintaining accuracy, fluency, and coherence in your interpretation.Section 3: Interpreting TechniquesInterpreting techniques are essential for conveying the speaker's message accurately and effectively. The following exercises will help you refine your interpreting skills: Exercise 1: Consecutive Interpretation- Practice consecutive interpretation by listening to EU speeches and interpreting them sentence by sentence.- Focus on reproducing the speaker's message faithfully and coherently.- Use pause fillers, discourse markers, and transition words to enhance the flow of your interpretation.Exercise 2: Sight Translation- Practice sight translation by reading EU documents and translating them orally into your working languages.- Focus on capturing the meaning and tone of the text accurately.- Use your language proficiency and interpreting skills to convey the message clearly and effectively.Exercise 3: Role-playing- Engage in role-playing exercises with fellow interpreters to simulate real-life interpreting scenarios.- Practice interpreting speeches, meetings, and negotiations in a simulated EU environment. - Receive feedback and constructive criticism to improve your interpreting techniques. ConclusionCongratulations on completing the EU Interpreting Training Material! By mastering these exercises and resources, you will be well-equipped to excel as an interpreter in the EU context. Remember to continue practicing, seeking feedback, and honing your skills to become a proficient and confident interpreter. Good luck!。

口译教程雷天放答案15【篇一：口译教程16 单元雷天放】ly, it seems that the temptation to throw money and technologyat company ’s new projects is irresistible [?r?z?st?b(?)l] 不可抵抗的and the urge to expand seems pretty powerful. 坦率的讲，公司似乎无法抵御在新项目上投入大量资金和技术的诱惑(对公司来说，在新项目上投入大量资金和技术的诱惑似乎是无法抵抗的），同时，扩张的冲动看来也相当地强烈。

once convinced of the benefit of advanced technology, companies all too ofteninvest hastily[he?st?l?] 匆忙地in them and in some basic training withoutconsidering other human factors necessary for success. this isthe same as a novice[n?v?s] 初学者gardener who chooses aplot, sows the seeds, waters and waits. with luck, the gardenwill flourish.[fl?r??] 繁荣，兴旺；茂盛一旦确信了先进技术的成效，公司往往会匆匆地在这些先进技术和一些基本培训上投资，并且没有考虑到对成功很必要的其他人为因素。

这就如同一位没有经验的园丁（园艺初学者），选好一块地，播下种子，浇上水，然后开始等待。

运气好的话(如果一切顺利的话)，花园将花繁叶茂。

然而，商业上的成功却很少能依赖运气(很少商业能够依赖运气而成功）。

有一些公司就像一名有经验的园丁，通过在综合教育项目上投入，以确保其员工能够了解新技术所涉及的基本原理和新技术给员工工作所带来的冲击。

2015-2016 口译课期末考试中译英视译材料1. Shanghai Disney Resort A很久以前，华特迪士尼公司创始人华特迪士尼先生梦想建造出比普通游乐园更激动人心的场所。

“那时两个女儿还小，一般星期六是父亲日，我会带她们去坐旋转木马，到处玩耍。

我坐在旁边看时，突然有个想法，我觉得应该建造一个能让父母和子女共度欢乐时光的场所。

最终这个想法促成了迪士尼乐园的诞生。

”Once upon a time, Walt Disney-the founder of the Walt Disney Company-dreamed about building something much more exciting than a standard amusement park. “At that time, my two daughters were very young and Saturday was always daddy's day. So I'd take them to the merry-go-round and different places to play. As I sit while they rode the merry-go-round, I suddenly had an idea and I felt that there should be something built where parents and children could have fun together. And eventually this idea contributed to the birth of the Disneyland. ”2. Shanghai Disney Resort B如今，上海迪士尼度假区以新颖特别的方式延续着这种精神，打造了全新的主题园区以及众多独一无二的游乐项目和体验，包括全球迪士尼主题乐园中最大的城堡。

时代变迁（口译练习材料）1.1.I have certainly seen lots of changes in my lifetime! I look around my home and see 'mod cons' that I could never have dreamed of fifty or sixty years ago. I spent the early part of childhood in a cottage without running water or electricity and yet these days, I feel paralyzed if there is a power cut for even just an hour or two! So, I have changed too. Things that I couldn't even imagine in the past now seem quite normal.2. Businessmen can travel from London to New York in three hours and lots of people exceed the seventy-mile-per-hour speed limit on motorways. A person of 75 is not old these days. A serious illness does not mean certain death because there have been so many advances in medical science. We no longer need to be afraid of contracting （becoming infected）diseases like polio or smallpox.I can speak to my son in Australia from my own sitting room here in Manchester, watch athletes running a race on the other side of the world without moving from my own home and I can even do my shopping while I sit here in an armchair. I never need to worry about food going bad in the warm weather and, at the flick of a switch, I can have a hot meal in a couple of minutes. So, it seems, the quality of life has greatly improved since my own childhood.3. I'm not convinced, however, that people are happier today than they were 50 years ago. We are certainly materially better off than we were but most people still seem to be weighed down by problems. My daughter and her family are a good illustration. They have a spacious, comfortable home with every labour-saving device you can think of. There's a washing machine, a clothes dryer, a food processor, a vacuum cleaner and all sorts of other household items which are designed to save time but it seems to me that my daughter and her husband just spend all that'saved' time working! They never relax and are always complaining of being tired and 'stressed'. 4. Children these days have all sorts of 'educational toys' and yet they seem unable to amuse themselves. My daughter tries to limit the time her children spend watching television but when they aren't watching TV, they are miserable. They play with new toys for a day or two and then discard them once the novelty has worn off. When we were children, we had almost nothing but we were so inventive. We had all sorts of fun and games in the nearby woods. But, of course, children can't play safely outdoors any longer. There is so much crime and parents are afraid to let their children go out alone in case they are molested, kidnapped, raped or even murdered. These crimes may not be directly related to modern inventions but there must be some connection.5. The increased number of burglaries is definitely a result of the fact that we now have many more possessions for people to steal. When I was a child, we could leave our house unlocked when we went out. There was nothing that would be of any use to anyone! But even though I now live alone, I have all sorts possessions that are attractive to burglars - my radio, the TV, a video, a micro-wave cooker and so on. I don't keep cash at home though. These days there is no need for cash, is there? I just use cheques and credit cards. That's another major change, I suppose.6. There are all sorts of new inventions and I'm surprised how easily an old lady like me adjusts. I always thought I'd never be able to use a telephone but now I couldn't live without one. My daughter often suggests that I should have a computer. I can't imagine that, yet one never knows! I used to think 'that you can't teach an old dog new tricks' but I have to admit I have learned lots of new 'tricks' in my old age. It's essential to move with times I suppose. I do feel sense of nostalgia about the past yet I rather enjoy the convenience of Britain in the 1990's!生活的变化我一生中当然看到了生活中的很多变化。

口译主题一礼仪祝辞汉英英汉口译实践：1.首先，我对第五届夏季达沃斯论坛的召开表示衷心祝贺！对各位嘉宾的到来表示热烈欢迎！夏季达沃斯论坛已经走过了五个年头，五年的论坛形成了一个宗旨，这就是面向世界、面向未来、面向创新、面向青年。

会议安排了多种形式的讨论，开得生动活泼、充满朝气，特别在金融危机的困难时期，给世界传递了希望的声音，带来了信心和勇气。

本次论坛以“关注增长质量，掌控经济格局”为主题，反映了大家对推动经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长的共识与期待。

我祝愿本次论坛获得圆满成功！国际金融危机爆发至今已经三年，国际组织、各国政府、企业界和专家学者都在深刻反思，探究危机产生的原因，寻求世界经济和各国经济未来发展之路。

对中国经济发展的成就，有喝彩的，也有怀疑的；对中国经济的未来，有看好的，也有唱衰的。

对此，我们的头脑是清醒的，胸中是有数的，信心是坚定的。

参考译文I wish to extend warm congratulations on the opening of the fifth Annual Meeting of the Summer Davos, and a sincere welcome to you all. It's been five years since the launch of the Summer Davos. In these five years, the Summer Davos has set a clear objective for itself, that is, it is a forum for the world, for the future, for innovation and for the youth. The diverse forms of discussions conducted during the forum are lively and vibrant. In particular, during the difficult times of the financial crisis, the forum sent out a message of hope and brought confidence and courage to the world. The theme of this year's forum- Mastering Quality Growth - represents people's shared desire for robust, sustainable and balanced economic growth, and I wish the meeting a great success.Three years have passed since the outbreak of the international financial crisis. International organizations, governments, the business communities and the academia are all taking a hard look at the root causes of the crisis and exploring ways to sustain the growth of both the global economy and national economies. With regard to China's economic development, some people have hailed its achievements, whilesome others have expressed doubt. Some are optimistic about China's economic future, while some others say that China is in trouble. But we in China remain level-headed. We are clear about the situation and we are fully confident about our future.2. Good morning, everyone. President Hu, members of the Chinese delegation, on behalf of Michelle and myself, welcome to the White House. And on behalf of the American people, welcome to the United States.Three decades ago, on a January day like this, another American President stood here and welcomed another Chinese leader for the historic normalization of relations between the United States and the People’s Republic of China. On that day, Deng Xiaoping spoke of the great possibilities of cooperation between our two nations.Looking back on that winter day in 1979, it is now clear. The previous 30 years had been a time of estrangement for our two countries. The 30 years since have been a time of growing exchanges and understanding. And with this visit we can lay the foundation for the next 30 years.At a time when some doubt the benefits of cooperation between the United States and China, this visit is also a chance to demonstrate a simple truth. We have an enormous stake in each other's success. In an interconnected world, in a global economy, nations -- including our own -- will be more prosperous and more secure when we work together.The United States welcomes China's rise as a strong, prosperous and successful member of the community of nations. Indeed, China's success has brought with it economic benefits for our people as well as yours, and our cooperation on a range of issues has helped advance stability in the Asia Pacific and in the world.We also know this: History shows that societies are more harmonious, nations are more successful, and the world is more just, when the rights and responsibilities of all nations and all people are upheld.Mr. President, we can learn from our people. Chinese and American students andeducators, business people, tourists, researchers and scientists, including Chinese Americans who are here today —- they work together and make progress together every single day. They know that even as our nations compete in some areas, we can cooperate in so many others, in a spirit of mutual respect, for our mutual benefit.What Deng Xiaoping said long ago remains true today. There are still great possibilities for cooperation between our countries. President Hu, members of the Chinese delegation, let us seize these possibilities together. Welcome to the United States of America.参考译文大家早上好！胡主席、中国代表团成员们，我谨代表米歇尔（Michelle）和我自己欢迎你们来到白宫，并代表美国人民欢迎你们来到美国。

英语口译视译材料In the realm of language services, English interpretation stands as a crucial bridge between cultures and ideas. It's not just about translating words; it's about conveying the essence and nuance of a message.The art of sight translation in English demands a quick mind and an even quicker tongue. It's the ability to read and interpret a text simultaneously, a skill that requires extensive practice and a deep understanding of both the source and target languages.For students, mastering English sight translation is akin to unlocking a treasure trove of opportunities. It opens doors to international conferences, diplomatic missions, and global business negotiations, where the power of clear communication is paramount.In the classroom, practicing sight translation with English materials involves dissecting sentences, understanding context, and delivering a coherent translation on the fly. It's a skill that sharpens the mind and hones the ability to think on one's feet.The challenge of English sight translation lies in its complexity. It requires not only linguistic proficiency but also cultural awareness, ensuring that the translation is not only accurate but also culturally sensitive.To excel in this field, one must immerse themselves in the language, absorbing idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms that give depth to the translation. It's about capturing the spirit of the original text while making it accessible to a new audience.In professional settings, the stakes are high for English interpreters. Errors in sight translation can lead to misunderstandings or diplomatic faux pas. Thus, interpreters must be vigilant, ensuring that every word is translated with precision and care.Continuous learning is essential for those in the field of English interpretation. As language evolves, so too must the interpreter, staying abreast of new terms and expressions to maintain the highest level of proficiency.In conclusion, English sight translation is a dynamic and challenging profession that requires a unique blend of linguistic talent, cultural insight, and quick thinking. For those who embrace the challenge, it offers a rewarding career with the potential to make a significant impact on global communication.。

UNIT 1To excavate发掘['ekskə,veit]Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇陵墓[,mɔ:sə'liəm]Metropolis n. 大都市；首府；重要中心[mi'trɔpəlis, me-] Proper 严格意义上的（用于名词后面）Mansion n大厦；宅邸['mænʃən]China World Trade Tower 国贸中心Expressway 高速公路Overpass/ flyover 高架道路；立体交叉Footbridge 天桥Underpass / underground （在铁路等下面通过的）地道Passageway 高架桥下通道Pedestrian adj. 徒步的；缺乏想像力的n. 行人；步行者The lama temple 雍和宫lama ['lɑ:mə] n. 喇嘛Cloud Pillar华表Chang‟an Boulevard长安街Star Boulevard星光大道Boulevard […bu: lvɑ: d, 'buləvɑ: d ] n. 林荫大道；（美）大马路adj. 娱乐性的vt. 给…提供林阴大街；把…建成林阴大街Locale [ləu'kɑ:l , -'kæd ] n. 场所，现场posterity 子孙，后代sedan chair 轿子sedan [si'dæn] n. [美]轿车；轿子To garrison ['ɡærisən] n. 要塞；卫戍部队vt. 驻防；守卫Thoroughfare 大街/大道；干线公路，干道Traditional single-story houses with rooms around the four sides of a courtyard 四合院Freestanding 【建】独立式的Impediment阻碍Symposium研讨会，专题报告会Terrace 平台Beacon tower烽火台The Warring States Period战国时代Nomad游牧部落的一员Terrain地形Juyongguan Pass居庸关Battlement 城垛At regular interval每隔一定距离Hectare 公顷The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest 祈年殿The Imperial Vault of Heaven 皇穹宇The Circular Mound Altar圜丘坛The Hall of Abstinence 斋宫Lath 【建】板条Rafter 【建】椽Triple eaves 三重檐Twelve divisions of day and night 十二时辰Solar terms / the twenty-four divisions of the solar year 节气Tier （阶式看台等的）（一）排/ 屋Balustrade栏杆，扶栏Railing 栏杆，围栏，扶手Concentric 同心的Winter solstice 冬至To offer sacrifice to 祭祀Spirit tablet (for the dead ancestors, deities, or other objects of worship) 牌位Supreme Ruler of Heaven 皇天上帝Echo Wall 回音壁Acoustic 听觉的，声学的周边外围circumference渤海湾Bohai Gulf流域面积drainage area珠江the Pearl River京韵大鼓story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment豆汁a fermented drink made from ground beans纪念品souvenir避暑胜地summer resort护城河moat宫palace殿hall亭，阁pavilion水榭pavilion on the water阁tower塔（舍利塔式的）dagoba塔（宝塔式的）pagoda寺院monastery寺；庙temple圣坛；祭坛altar假山artificial hillock; rockery角楼，岗楼watchtower鼓楼drum tower钟楼clock tower古代钟楼bell tower牌楼pailou ; ceremonial / memorial arch围墙enclosure wall（敦煌）壁画(Dunhuang) Murals复制品reproduction / replica仿制品imitation扇面fan leaf装裱mount(ing)浮雕木刻wooden carving(s) in relief泥塑clay figure modeling人像image / figure塑像moulded figure小塑像figure塑像；铸像statue半身雕塑像bust与真人大小相等的泥像life-size clay figure古玩antique / curio坠子pendant镯子bracelet胸针brooch景泰蓝cloisonné, cloisonnéenamel漆器lacquerware, lacquerworkUNIT 2奖牌榜medal tally广播体操set exercises to radio music《准备劳动与卫国》体育制度（简称“劳卫制”）sports system to strengthen labor and defense capabilities 国家体育锻炼标准Athletic Fitness Standard全民健身计划Whole-People Health-Building Plan居民小区residential community / housing estate (英)密切注意；关心（体育）的发展状况to follow (sports) 授予（称号，学位，权力等）to confer复兴，振兴to revitalize使有系统；整理systemize / systematize历史悠久的time-honored牦牛赛yak race跳板springboard秋千swing石弓，弩crossbow五禽（指虎、鹿、熊、猿、鸟）戏five-animal exercises 挡to repel形意拳imitation boxing九节鞭nine-section whip生理的physiological疗法therapy呼吸respiration平衡equilibrium体格constitution开业医生practitioner生物电流bioelectricity亚运会the Asian Games东亚运动会East Asian Games亚洲冬季运动会Asian Winter Games远南残疾人运动会the Far South Para-Olympics远东及南太平洋地区残疾人运动会Far East and South Pacific Games for the Disabled世界大学生运动会the Universiade / World University Games容纳——名观众to accommodate….spectators最高级，最高精尖，尖端state-of-the-art举行场所，会场venue延……的三倍to triple the length of…提高地铁载客量4倍to quadruple the capacity of the subway system具有国际先进水平的体育场馆state-of-the-art sports venues曲棍球场hockey field冰球场ice hockey rink高架桥elevated walkway奥林匹克公园the Olympic Green中华民族博物馆Chinese Nationalities Museum综合体育馆sports complex首都体育馆the Capital Stadium建筑面积floor space套路set exercises内功exercises to benefit the internal organs外功exercises to benefit the muscles and bones发展体育运动，增强人民体质promote physical culture and improve the people‟s physical fitnesspromote sports, get fit锻炼身体，保卫祖国build a good / sound constitution to defend the country;get fit, defend the homeland为祖国争光to win honors for the motherland / homeland胜不骄，败不馁do not become cocky / be dizzy with success, not downcast over /discouraged by defeat体育道德sportsmanship打出水平，打出风格up to one‟s best level in skill and style of play竞技状态好in good form失常not in shape/ good form比分领先to outscore……胜…wins打成平局to draw; to tie; to play even/ level the score; to end in a draw/tie; to tie with one‟s competitor扳成平局to equalize the score屡次出现平局the score was tied again and again……次平局…draws失利to lose……负…loses竞技性体育athletic sports; competitive sports健身性体育health-giving sports; health-building sports; body-building sports娱乐性体育entertaining sports; recreational sports中华人民共和国运动委员会（国家体委）Sports Commission of the People‟s Republic of China 中华全国体育总会All-China Sports Federation执行委员会executive board秘书处secretary department / secretariat体育中心sports center / complex运动会sports meets; athletic meeting; games比赛地点competition / sports venue(s)国际比赛international tournament邀请赛invitational tournament锦标赛championship体育场stadium; sports field / ground体育馆gymnasium, gym; indoor练习场地training gymnasium and stadium检录处call room兴奋剂检测中心drug-testing center操场playground; sports ground; drill ground课间/ 工间课physical exercises during breaks体育工作者physical educator, PE workers; sports organizer运动爱好者sports fan / enthusiast啦啦队cheering-section主队home team客队visiting team教练员coach裁判员referee裁判长chief referee男子项目men‟s events女子项目women‟s events全能冠军all-round champion冠军champion; gold medalist亚军runner-up; second; silver medalist第三名third; bronze medalist世界记录保持者world record holder种子选手seed player; seed优秀选手top-ranking/ topnotch athlete田径运动track and field; athletics田赛field events径赛track events跳高high jump撑杆跳高pole jump; pole-vault跳远long / broad jump三级跳远hop, step and jump; triple jump标枪javelin throw铅球shot put铁饼discus throw链球hammer throw马拉松赛跑Marathon (race)接力relay race, relay跨栏比赛hurdles; hurdle race竞走walking; walking race体操gymnastics [dʒim'næstiks]自由体操floor / free exercises蹦床trampoline ['træmpəli:n]技巧运动acrobatic gymnastics [,ækrəu'bætik]垫上运动mat exercise单杠horizontal bar ['hɔri'zɔntəl]双杠parallel bars高低杠uneven bars; high-low bars吊环rings跳马vaulting horse [vɔ:lt]鞍马pommel horse ['pʌməl, 'pɔm-]足球场field, pitch篮球场basketball court乒乓球拍racket, bat羽毛球运动badminton羽毛球shuttlecock; shuttle ['ʃʌtlkɔk]球拍racket垒球softball棒（垒）球场baseball (softball) field / ground手球handball; team netball手球场handball field曲棍球hockey; field hockey现代五项modern pentathlon [pen'tæθlən]铁人三项（三项全能运动）triathlon [trai'æθlɔn]水上运动water/ aquatic sports [ə'kwætik]水上运动中心aquatic sports center水球（运动）water polo水球场playing pool滑水water skiing游泳馆natatorium [,neitə'tɔ:riəm]自由泳freestyle; crawl (stroke)蛙泳breaststroke侧泳sidestroke蝶泳butterfly(stroke)海豚式dolphin stroke / kick蹼泳fin swimming跳台跳水platform diving跳板跳水springboard diving帆船运动yachting; sailing [jɔt]皮划艇运动kayak ['kaiæk]赛艇运动rowing [rəu]赛龙舟dragon boat racing举重weightlifting重量级/中量级/轻量级heavyweight / middleweight / lightweight 击剑fencing射击shooting靶场shooting range射箭archery拳击boxing拳术quanshu , barehanded exercises; Chinese boxing气功qigong, breathing exercises打擂台to fight a challenge fight in an arena [ə'ri:nə]康复医疗体育recuperative medical sports自行车运动cycling; cycle racing室内自行车赛场indoor velodrome ['vi:lədrəum]赛马场equestrian park [i'kwestriən]骑术horsemanship马术equestrianism [i'kwestriənizəm]国际象棋(international) chess中国象棋xiangqi，Chinese chess象棋大师master特级大师grandmaster围棋weiqi, go航空模型aero model; model aero plane航海模型marine model ; model ship定点跳伞accuracy jump; precision landing无线电定向radio direction finding造型跳伞relative work滑翔运动gliding; sailing planning技巧sports acrobatics拔河tug-of-war毽子shuttlecock踢毽子shuttlecock kicking毽球jianqiu, shuttlecock playing冰球运动ice hockey冰球场rink冰球puck [pʌk] , rubber ['rʌbə]速度滑冰speed skating花样滑冰figure skating冰场skating rink; ice rink人工冰场artificial ice stadium高山滑雪alpine skiing ['ælpain]冰壶curling ['kə:liŋ]蹦极bungee jumping ['bʌndʒi:]台球billiards滑板skateboard溜旱冰roller skating定向越野orienteering民族传统体育traditional ethnic sports蒙古族的摔跤、赛马、射箭Mongolian wrestling, horsemanship and archery回族的踢毽、拔河kicking the shuttlecock and tug-of-war of the Hui藏族的赛牦牛Tibetan yak racing苗族的荡秋千、划龙舟Miao people‟s swinging and dragon-boat racing壮族的“投绣球”Zhuang people‟s “throwing balls made of colored silk”朝鲜族的荡秋千、跳板Korean swinging and see-sawing侗族的骑木马(踩高跷) walking on stilts of the Dong people瑶族的打陀螺whipping tops of the Yao People高山族的放风筝kite-flying of the Gao-shan柯尔克孜族的“追姑娘”the “girl chasing” of the Kirgiz扭秧歌yangge dancing奥林匹克精神是互相了解、友谊、团结和公平竞争。

8、口译中的视译（优秀范文五篇）第一篇：8、口译中的视译口译基础知识与技巧8 口译中的视译技巧视译前译员通常可以拿到讲话稿，多数情况下译员需和说话人同时传递信息，也可称为有稿同传。

虽然比无稿同传要轻松，但译员的口译要更加准备，信息要更加完整。

首先，时间充裕的情况下，可以通过不同渠道如网络了解相关背景知识，查询所涉及的专业词汇的表达方法。

其次，在讲话稿上要做相应的处理，如：(1)尽管原稿已有标点符号作为自然分截点，译员要利用斜线以译文的要求再次断句。

(2)若原文顺序与译文顺序不符，标出需要调整的位置和部分。

(3)找出表达成目的语时所要求的句子的主干成分，如主语、谓语等。

(4)找出关键信息，如数字、重要的专有名词等，甚至标出表达方式。

(5)找出译文的句子之间的逻辑关系。

另外，视译中要注意速度尽量均匀，而不是碰到好表达的就速度加快，这样容易造成后面的停顿过多。

要注意注意力分配，口中在表达前一句时，眼睛应尽量滑动到下一句了。

从句法的角度来看，视译（口译），尤其是英译汉，通常遵循顺句驱动的原则。

由于口译中译员接受信息时是按时间顺序逐步进行的，即ABCD，但可能翻译入语的表达习惯是CABD，可是又不允许译员有过多的停顿，所以译员还要尽量按照ABCD的顺序来口译。

在口译句(1)、(2)、(3)时通常采取译文(1)的翻译方法，而若是笔译可能多采用译文(2)。

(1)One great benefit of the web is that it allows us to move information online that now reside in paper form.译文(1)：网络的重大优势之一是，它允许我们把信息放在网络上，而这些信息现在是出现在纸上。

译文(2)：网络的重大优势之一是，它允许我们把那些现在纸上的信息放在网络上。

分析：若按顺句的原则，句(1)中that引导的定语从句独立成句，但需要重复原文定语从句的先行词information，口译时并添加相应的指示语，即“这些信 1 息”，以保证连贯。

视译―――顺句驱动口译是一项注重意义传递而非仅仅文字翻译的跨文化交际服务活动，其核心在于摆脱语言结构的束缚，“脱离语一言外壳”。

尤其在两种结构差异大的语言之间进行翻译更要抓住深层含义，不惜调整原文结构顺序以求译文符合受众语一言理解的习惯。

但是在视译和同声翻译中进行顺译时译员因受到语言结构差异的干扰，不得不按照句子成分出现的顺序进行断句并整合。

断句指的是不等听完整个句子，甚至才听到几个字就开始说出译文，如同把句子切开，按照听到的顺序，分段处理。

这与笔译原则大相径庭。

口译实战中应尽量争取依照原文的语序口译，以减轻译员压力。

要做到这一点，就需要断句，而断句靠变通，包括词性和句式的变通。

视译多用于法庭口译，也常用作训练同声翻译前的初阶练习，目的旨在使学生学会断句并迅速反应，提高口头表达能力。

视译分视阅口译（sight interpreting with text）和视听口译(sight interpreting with text while listening )。

视阅口译也就是边看边译（但还有准备和无准备区分）。

后者指带稿同传。

视阅口译融阅读理解、断句、记忆、口头翻译等技能于一体，要做到合理分配注意力不是一件容易的事。

边读边译需要译者按照出现的先后把句子切成小段（断句），先阅读到的内容先译，同时迅速转向下一个视幅（eye span），所及的部分，在口译时还需注意目标语的联惯性（coherence）和可接受性(acceptability)，也就是灵活整合。

尽管视译和交替传译的信息摄入渠道不同，但是经过视译训练强化的断句和灵活整合技能有助于提高本科生将复杂的句子“化繁为简”的能力，视译训练还有利于培养学生根据意义单位，进行逻辑分析和准确抓大意的能力，以及熟悉各种体裁模式进而进行预测的能力，最终改善口译表达能力，提高口译效率和质量。

I. Principles for singt interpretation1. Syntactic Linearity 顺句驱动为了避免语言结构重大调整对人脑认知负荷的影响，口译员常常是在总体上依照英文的行文次序，把整个句子切分成意群单位或信息单位，再使用连接词把这些单位连接起来，译出整体意思。

Passage 1Most ironic was the image of government that was born of these experiences. As any scholarly treatise on the subject will tell you, the great advantage bureaucracy is supposed to offer for a complex, modern society like ours is efficient, rational, uniform and courteous treatment for the citizens it deals with. Yet not only did these qualities not come through to the people I talked with, it was their very opposites that seemed more characteristic. People of all classes – the rich man dealing with the Internal Revenue Service as well as the poor woman struggling with the welfare department – felt that the treatment they had received had been bungled, not efficient; unpredictable, not rational; discriminatory, not uniform, all too often, insensitive, rather than courteous. It was as if they had bought a big new car that not only did not run when they wanted it to, but periodically revved itself up and drove all around their yards.Passage 2After I talked for a few minutes with Chou Enlai, and explained who I was, he arranged for me to spend the night in Pai Chiaping, and askedme to come next morning to his headquarters, in a nearby village. I sat down to dinner with a section of the Communications Department, which was stationed here, and I met a dozen young men who were billeted in Pai Chiaping. Some of them were teachers in the partisanschool, one was a radio operator, and some were officers of the Red Army. Our meal consisted of boiled chicken, unleavened whole-wheat bread, cabbages, millet, and potatoes, of which I ate heartedly. But, as usual, there was nothing to drink but hot water and I could not touch it.I am famished with thirst. The food was served – delivered is the word –by two nonchalant young lads wearing uniforms several sizes too large for them, and peaked Red Caps with long bills that kept flapping down over their eyes. They looked at me sourly at first, but after a few minutes I managed to provoke a friendly grin from one of them. emboldened by this success, I called to him as he went past.Passage 3It is often said that Asian Americans are a “model minority”, with parents who work 18 hours a day in the family grocery and children who work with equal amazing perseverance in the classroom. At a glance, the evidence seems clear: while the first Asians to come to America lived poorly as farmers, miners and railway workers, we now enjoy one of the highest average incomes in the country. Here at Harvard, 18% of the class of 1996 are Asian Americans, compared to 3% of the total US population. By focusing on the “positive stereotype”, however, one neglects the other side of our lives. For many of us –the second generation –there is something uncomfortable about being Asian in America.Although many of us appreciate the great sacrifices our parents have made, their economic success somehow represents for us an unsatisfying legacy. We suffer in particular from an endemic identity crisis. We have begun to question the accommodationist ways of our forebears, our quietly studious manner, our narrow priorities, and our previous notions of successPassage 4Running the country is all well and good, but Tony Blair still wonders if he could have made it as a rock star. “I’ve always wondered, could I have actually done it,”the onetime lead singer of a rock band called the Ugly Rumors, more recently prime minister, told his former bass player in an interview. “I was quite serious about it. It wasn’t just a mere dalliance –it was a bit more than that for me.”Blair told ex-bass player Mark Ellen. Experts from the intervieew were printed in The Times. “With politics, it all clicked into place for me somehow. Whereas with music you had to have a particular set of attributes that I didn’t quite have, and it never happened for me even though I was despertately keen to carry on.”Blair, 51, said that he still gets a thrill meeting rock icons of his youth like Paul McCartney or David Bowie. “They say: ‘it must be so interesting what you do,’and I say: ‘it’s not as interesting as whatyou do.”Passage 5Despite the clear-cut technological advantages, the railroad didn’t become the primary means of transportation for nearly 20 years after the fist pioneering American railroads were introduced in the early 1830s. Besides the stiff competition of water transportation, an important hindrance to railroad development was public antipathy, which had its roots in ignorance, conservatism, and vested interest. People thought that speeds of 20 to 30 miles per hour would be physically harmful to passengers. Many honestly believed that the railroad would prove to be impractical and uneconomical and would not provide services as dependent as that of the waterways. Unsurprisingly, the most vigorous opposition to railroads came from groups whose economic interests suffered from the competition of the new industry. Millions of dollars had been spent on canals, rivers, highways, and plank roads, and thousands of people depended on the transportation enterprises for their livelihood.When Kim Bogue accidentally threw her wallet away with her lunch, she had little hope that she’d recover the $900 and bundle of credit cards inside. With a team of co-workers, she twice searched the Santa Ana civic buildings where she works as a janitor, but found nothing. “I was sick all weekend,”said Bogue, who was saving the money for a trip to Thailand, her home country. The same weekend, a homeless man who roams the building also was searching for something. He made his routine visit to the trash bins nearby to look for aluminus cans. Instead, he found Bogue’s wallet. That Monday, the man, who declined to be identified, gave the money to Sherry Wesley who works in one of the buildings. “He came to me with the wad of money and said: ‘This probably belongs to someone that you work with. Can you return it?’”Grateful, Bogue gave the man a $100 reward, which he split with Wesley. She gave the money to her church. While the money would serve as a tempting find, especially for a homeless man, Wesley said the man’s action did not surprise her. “I know he has got the biggest heart,” she said. “Somebody like that who is so down on their luck and willing to help someone out is a rare thing.”Three big uncertainties loom over the Rice Department. The first concerns the new secretary herself. For four years, Ms. Rice has been a sounding board, tutor, and weather vane. She will now have to articulate a clearer view of the post-al-Qaeda world. For example, she has a lot of expertise in Russia. But should America’s attitude to Vladimir Putin’s centralization of power be determined by the need to keep good relations with a partner in the war on terror? Or should it be influenced more by Mr. Bush’s view that the best way to starve global terrorism is to encourage democracy? The second uncertainty concerns her department. Does she spend time shaping it, replacing the diplomats in charge of the DPRK and the Middle East, while risking the sort of hostility and disruption? The third uncertainty is how much appetite there is on both sides of the Atlantic for real diplomatic engagement. Even before the election, Mr. Bush and Ms. Rice privately indicated that, three years after September 11th, it was time to patch things up in Europe and the Middle East.Passage 7Life for almost everybody is a long competitive struggle where very few can win the race, and those who do not win are unhappy. When I try tounderstand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other. The one that goes least deep is the necessity for subservience in some large organization. If you are an energetic man with a strong view as to the right way of doing the job which you are concerned, you find yourself invariably under the orders of some big man at the top who is elderly, weary and cynical. Whenever you have a bright idea the boss puts a stopper on it. The more energetic you are and more vision you have, the more you will suffer from the impossibility of doing things that you feel ought to be done. When you go home and moan to your wife, she tells you that you are a silly fellow and that if you become the proper sort of yes-man, your income will soon be doubled. If you try divorce and remarriage it is very unlikely that there will be any change in this respect. And so you are condemned to great ulcers and premature old age.。