国际市场营销第三章

全球营销学第四版每章课后习题答案第一章Introduction to Global Marketing1.What are the basic goals of marketing? Are these goals relevant to globalmarketing?P31、Surpass the competition at the task of creating perceived value for customers2、The Guide line is the value equation –Value = Benefits/Price (Money, Time, Effort, Etc.)P42.What is mean by “global localization”?（全球本土化策略）Is Coca-Cola a globalproduct? Explain.The phrase “global localization” represents an attempt to capture the spirit of the rallying cry for o rganizations in the 21st century, namely, “think globally, act locally.”Most people will agree that Coca-Cola is a global product by virtue of the fact that it is available in more than 195 countries in red cans bearing the distinctive signature style. It must be noted, however, that customer service efforts are adapted to the needs of particular markets, e.g., vending machines in Japan. Thus, Coca-Cola is both global and local.3.Describe some of the global marketing strategies available to companies. Giveexamples of companies that use the different strategies.Global marketing strategies: 1. global market participation is the extent to which a company has operations in major world markets; 2. standardization versus adaptation is the extent to which each marketing mix element can be standardized or adapted in various country markets; 3. concentration of marketing activities is the extent to which activities related to marketing mix are performed in one or a few country locations; 4. coordination of marketing activities is the extent to which activities related to marketing mix are performed interdependently around the globe; 5. integration of competitive moves is the extent to which a firm’s competitive marketing tactics in different parts of world are interdependent.Examples: 1. Coke is the best-known, strongest brand, as the Coca-Cola Company, supporting its Coke, Fanta, and Powerade brands with marketing mix elements both that are globe and local, is adept at adapting sales promotion, distribution, and customer service efforts to local needs;2. Mcdonald’s business model is a restaurant system that can be set up virtually anywhere in the world and offers core menu items-hamburgers, French fries, and soft drinks-in most countries, and the company also customizes menu offerings according to local eating customs.4.How do the global marketing strategies of Harley-Davidson and Toyota differ?Harley-Davidson motorcycles are known the world over as “the” all-American motorcycle. Harley’s mystique and heritag e are associated with the USA. The company backs up this positioning with exports from two U.S. manufacturing locations. By contrast, Toyota builds some models (e.g., Camry and Avalon) for the U.S. market in the U.S., a fact that Toyota stresses in its American ad. Thus, Harley-Davidson serves global markets while sourcing locally, while Toyota’s strategy calls for serving world markets and using the world as a source of supply.5.Describe the difference between ethnocentric, polycontric, regiocentric, andgeocentric management orientations.The premise of an ethnocentric orientation is that home country products and management processes are superior. An ethnocentric company that neither sources inputs from, nor seeks market opportunities in the world outside the home country may be classified as an domestic company. A company that does business abroad while still presuming the superiority of the home country may be classified as an international company. Such a company would rely on an extension strategy whereby it would export, without adaptation, products designed for the domestic market.The polycentric orientation that predominates at a multinational company leads to aview of the world in which each country markets is different from the others. Local country managers operating with a high degree of autonomy adapt the marketing mix in a polycentric, multinational company. Managers who are regiocentric or geocentric in their orientations recognize both similarities and differences in world markets. Market opportunities are pursued using both extension and adaptation strategies. The regiocentric and geocentric orientations are characteristic of global transnational companies.OrEthnocentric orientation: home country is superior to the rest of the world, sees similarities in foreign countries，leads to a standardized or extension approach; Polycentric orientation: the opposite of ethnocentrism, each country in which a company does business is unique, sees differences in foreign countries, leads to localized or adaption approach; Regiocentric orientation: a region becomes the relevant geographic unit; management`s goal is to develop an integrated regional strategy; Geocentric orientation：views the entire world as a potential market and strives to develop integrated world market strategies.6.Identify and briefly describe some of the forces that have resulted in increased globalintegration and the growing importance of global marketing.P21+Driving Forces：Regional economic agreements、Market needs and wants、TechnologyTransportation and communication improvements、Product development costs、Quality、World economic trends、LeverageRestraining Forces：Management myopia、Organizational culture、National controls 7.Define leverage and explain the different types of leverage utilized by companieswith global operations.Define leverage：P25第二章The Global Economic Environment1.Explain the difference between market capitalism, centrally planned capitalism,centrally planned socialism, and market socialism. Give an example of a country that illustrates each types of system.Market capitalism is an economic system in which individuals and firms allocate resources and production resources are privately owned. (England).Centrally planned capitalism is an economic system in which command resource allocation is utilized extensively in an environment of private resource ownership. (Sweden)Centrally planned socialism, in this type of economic system, the state has broad powers to serve the public interest as it sees fit. (Former Soviet Union)Market socialism, in such a system, market allocation policies are permitted within an overall environment of state ownership. (China)2.What is a BEM? Identify the BEMs according to their respective stages of economicdevelopment.P53P56-583. A manufacture of satellite dishes is assessing the world market potential for hisproducts. He asks you if he should consider developing countries as potential markets.How would you advise him?Despite the difficult economic conditions in parts of developing countries, many nations will involve into attractive markets.One of marketing’s roles in developing countries is to focus resources on the task of creating and delivering products that are best suited to local needs and incomes. The role of marketing to indentify people’s needs and wants is the same in all countries, irrespective of level of economic development. It is also an opportunity to help developing countries join the information age.And P654.Turn to the Index of Economic Freedom (Table 2-1) and identify where the BEMs areranked. What does the result tell you in terms of the relevance of the index to global marketers?P52第三章Social and Cultural Environments1.What are some of the elements that make up culture? How do these find expression inyour native culture?Culture is a collection of Values, beliefs, behaviors, customs, and attitudes that distinguish one society from another.Culture is acted out in social institutions, such as, family, education, religion, government, business.2.What is the difference between a low-context culture and a high-context culture?Give an example of a country that is an example of each type and provide evidence for your answer.PPT 第四章4-63.How can Hofstede’s cultural typologies help Western marketers better understandAsian culture?P874.Explain the self-reference criterion(自我参照准则). Go to the library and findexamples of product failures that might have been avoided through the application of the SRC.Unconscious reference to one’s own cultural values; creates cultural myopia5.Briefly explain the social research of Everrtt Rogers regarding diffusion ofinnovations,……P94pare and contrast USA and Japan in terms of traditions and organizationalbehavior and norms.第四章The Legal and Regulatory Environments of Global Marketing1.What is sovereignty? What is it an important consideration in the politicalenvironment of global marketing?sovereignty2.Describe some of the sources of political risk. Specially, what forms can political risktake?Tension between aspirations and realityPrimarily occurs in lower and lower-middle income countries–Indonesia and economic crisisWhen political risk occurs in high income countries, it is generally due to a long-standing conflict–Northern IrelandP1423.Briefly describe some of the differences between the legal environment of a countrythat embraces common law and one that observes civil law.4.Global marketers can avoid legal conflicts by understanding the reasons conflictsarise in the first place. Identify and describe several legal issues that relate to global commerce.Intellectual PropertyAntitrustContractualLicensing and Trade Secrets5.“See you in court” is one way to respond when legal issues arise. What otherapproaches are possible?LitigationFormal arbitration–Settles disputes outside of court–Groups agree to abide by panel’s decision1958 United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards–Most important treaty regarding international arbitration第五章Global Information Systems and Market Research1.Explain two information technology puts powerful tools in the hands of globalmarketers.Modern IT tools provide the means for a company's marketing information system and research functions to provide relevant information in a timely, cost –efficient, and actionable manner.Electronic data interchange (EDI) allows business units to submit orders, to issue invoices, to conduct business electronically, Wal-Mart legendary for its EDI, save time and money, enables retailers to improve inventory management. Transaction formats are universalEfficient Consumer Response (ECR) This is in addition to EDI, an effort for retailers and vendors to work closely on stock replenishment(补充). ECR can be defined as a joint initiative by members of a supply chain to work toward improving and optimizing(最优化) aspects of the supply chain to benefit customersIntranet, Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS), Data Warehouses are also helping businesses improve their ability to target consumers and increase loyalty.2.What are the different modes of information acquisition? Which is the most importantfor gathering strategic information?3.4、Outline the basic steps of the market research process.5、What is the difference between existing, latent, and incipient demand? How mightthese differences affect the design of a marketing research project?Demand and profit potential, in turn, depend in part on whether the market being studied can be classifieds existing or potential. Existing markets are those in which customer needs are already being served by one or more companies. In some instances, there is no existing market to research and. information may be readily available. A latent market is in essence, an und iscovered segment .It’s a market in which demand would materialize if an appropriate product were made available. An incipient market is a market that will emerge if particular economic demographic, political, or sociocultural trend continues. A company is not likely to achieve satisfactory results if it offers a product in an incipient market before the trends have taken root.Market growth, brand loyalty, market segment, product, sales promotion, pricing, distribution, will be different in marketing research project.6.Describe some of the analytical techniques used by global marketers. When is it appropriate to use each technique?A number of techniques are available for analyzing survey data.Factor analysis can be used to transform large amount of data into manageable units. It is useful in psychographic segmentation studies or creating perceptual maps; cluster analysis allows the researchers to group variables into clusters that maximize within-group similarities and between-group differences. It can be used to do global marketing research, to perform benefit segmentation, and to identify new product opportunities. Multi dimensional scaling is another technique for creating perceptual maps which is particular useful when there are many product to choose and consumers have difficulty in verbalizing their conceptions. Conjoint analysis is used to gain insights into the combination of features that will be the most attractive to consumers. It is useful when determines the values and utilities of the various levels of product features and plots them graphically.第六章Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning1.differentiate the five basic segmentation strategies. Give an example of a companythat has used each one.P170-P1831、IncomePopulationsAge distributionGenderEducationOccupation2、Grouping people according to attitudes, value, and lifestyles3、4、Benefit segmentation focuses on the value equation–Value = Benefits / Price5、The population of many countries includes ethnic groups of significant size2.Explain the difference between segmenting and targeting.P200pare and contrast standardized, concentrated, and differentiated global marketing.Illustrate each strategy with an example from a global company.Standardized global marketing is mass marketing on a global scale with undifferentiated target marketing (Revlon International)Concentrated global marketing, involves devising a marketing mix to reach a niche. A niche is simply a single segment of the global market. (Germany`s Winter halter) Differentiated global marketing, represents a more ambitious approach than concentrated target marketing with multi-segment targeting and two or more distinct markets (Rover)4.5.What is positioning? Identify the different positioning strategies presented in thechapter and give examples of companies or products that illustrate each.Locating a brand in consumers’minds over and against competitors in terms of attributes and benefits that the brand does and does not offer.P192-1956.What is global consumer culture positioning? What other strategic positioningchoices do global marketers have?Identifies the brand as a symbol of a particular global culture or segment.P1967.What is high-touch product? Explain the difference between high-tech productpositioning and high-touch product positioning. Can some products be positioned using both strategies? Explain.High-tech products are sophisticated technologically complex, and/or difficult to explain or understand, and frequently evaluated in terms of their performance against established objective standards. High-tech global consumer positioning also works well for special interest products associated with leisure of recreation.High-touch products, consumers are generally energized by emotional motives rather than rational ones, and frequently evaluated in terms of their performance against established subjective, aesthetic terms.Some products can be positioned using both strategies, with both satisfying buyers’ rational criteria and evoking an emotional response. Nokia, for example, combines technical performance with a fashion orientation.第七章Global Market Entry Strategies:1.What are the advantages and disadvantages of using licensing as a market entry tool?Give examples of companies from different countries that use licensing as a global marketing strategy.Advantages to LicensingProvides additional profitability with little initial investmentProvides method of circumventing tariffs, quotas, and other export barriersAttractive ROILow costs to implementDisadvantages to LicensingLimited participationReturns may be lostLack of controlLicensee may become competitorLicensee may exploit company resourcesP2062.What is foreign direct investment? What forms can FDI take?P209Partial or full ownership of operations outside of home countryForms:Joint ventures–Minority or majority equity stakes–Outright acquisition3.Do you agree with Ford’s decision to acquire Jaguar? What was more valuable toFord---the physical assets or the name?P2154.What is meant by the phrase global strategic partnership? In what ways does this formof market entry strategy differ from more traditional forms such as joint ventures? Participants remain independent following formation of the allianceParticipants share benefits of alliance as well as control over performance of assigned tasksParticipants make ongoing contributions in technology, products, and other key strategic areasPPT3055.What are Keiretsu? How does this form of industrial structure affect companies thatcompete with Japan or that are trying to enter the Japanese market?PPT307书P2276.Which Strategic options for market entry or expansion would a small company belikely to pursue? A large company?StrategiesCompanies must decide to expand by:–Seeking new markets in existing countries–Seeking new country markets for already identified and served market segments第八章Product and Brand Decisions1.What is the difference between a product and a brand?A product is a good, service, or ideaBrandsBundle of images and experiences in the customer’s mindA promise made by a particular company about a particular productA quality certificationDifferentiation between competing productsThe sum of impressions about a brand is the Brand ImageThe added value that accrues to a product as a result of investments in the marketing of the brandAn asset that represents the value created by the relationship between the brand and customer over time2.How do local, international, and global products differ? Cite examplesLocal Product is one that has achieved success in a single national market and represents the lifeblood of domestic companies. （Coca-cola, ginseng beverage only in Japan）International product is offered in several markets in a particular region (Euro-product, only in euro zone)Global product meets the wants and needs of a global market and is offered in all world regions (personal stereos)3.What are some of the elements that make up a brand? Are these elements tangible orintangible?IntangibleP2414.What criteria should global marketers consider when making product designdecisions?In many instances, packaging is an integral element of product-related design decisions. Packaging is designed to protect or contain the product during shipping；Labeling provides consumers with various types of information; Aesthetics differ around the world. Global marketers must understand the importance of visual aesthetics; Product Warranties is a written guarantee that assures the buyer is getting what they paid for or provides a remedy in case of a product failure. Warranties can be used as a competitive tool5.How can buyer at titudes about a product’s country of origin affect marketing strategy?买家对于原产国的态度对营销策略有什么影响？Perceptions about and attitudes toward particular countries often extend to products and brands known to originate in those countries–Japan–Germany–France–ItalyP252-2546.Identify several global brands. What are some of the reasons for the global success ofthe brands you chose?Both products and brand are good……7.Briefly describe various combinations of product-communication strategies availableto global marketers. When is it appropriate to use each?Product-communication extension (dual extension) is a strategy selling the same product with the same promotional appeals used in domestically when pursuing opportunities outside the home market. It used frequently with industrial (business to business) products.Product extension-communication adaptation strategy is a relatively low cost of implementation because the physical product is unchanged, and the main costs are associated with market research and revising promotional appeals. It used frequently when consumer conceptions outside the home market are very different from domestic marketProduct adaptation-communication extension is an approach to global product planning is to extend, without change, the basic home-market communications strategy while adapting the product to local use or preference conditions. It used frequently when natural conditions outside the home market are very different from domestic market Product-communication adaptation (dual adaptation) strateg y is an approach used both the different product serves and advertising appeals to consumer receptivity when comparing a new geographic market to the home market, environmental conditions or consumer preferences differ;第九章Pricing Decisions1.What are the basic factors that affect price in any market? What considerations enterinto the pricing decision?In global marketing, the task of setting prices is complicated by fluctuating exchange rates. Currency fluctuations can create significant problems and opportunities for the classic international company that exports from the home country.Inflation, or a persistent upward change in price levels, is a problem in many country markets. It can be caused by an increase in the money supply and currency devaluation. Governmental policies and regulations that affect pricing decisions include dumping legislation, resale price maintenance legislation, price ceilings, and general reviews of price levels.Pricing decisions are bounded not only by cost and nature of demand but also by competitive action.Competitive Behavior: If competitors do not adjust their prices in response to rising costs it is difficult to adjust your price to maintain operating margins; If competitors are manufacturing or sourcing I a lower-cost country, it may be necessary to cut prices to stay competitiveThe global marketer has several options for addressing the problem of price escalation orthe environmental factors described in the last section.2.Define the various types of pricing strategies and objectives available to globalmarketers.Market Skimming and Financial Objectives: Market Skimming charges a premium price which may occur at the introduction stage of product life cyclePenetration Pricing and Non-Financial Objectives: Penetration Pricing charges a low price in order to penetrate market quickly which appropriates to saturate market prior to imitation by competitors3.Identify some of the environmental constraints on global pricing decisions. Currency FluctuationsInflationary EnvironmentGovernment Controls, Subsidies, RegulationsCompetitive BehaviorSourcing4.Why do price differences in world markets often lead to gray marketing?Because price differences in world markets lead to trademarked products are exported from one country to another where they are sold by unauthorized persons or organizationsGray marketing occurs when product is in short supply, when producers use skimming strategies in some markets, and when goods are subject to substantial mark-ups 5.What is dumping? Why was dumping such an important issue during the UruguayRound of GATT negotiations?Sale of an imported product at a price lower than that normally charged in a domestic market or country of origin.P2966.What is transfer price? Why is it an important issue for companies with foreignaffiliates(外国子公司)? Why did transfer pricing in Europe take on increased importance in 1999?The transfer price is that Pricing of goods, services, and intangible property bought and sold by operating units or divisions of a company doing business with an affiliate in another jurisdiction.P2997.What is the difference between ethnocentric, polycontric, and geocentric pricingstrategies? Which one would you recommend to a company that has global market aspirations?P291-292 PPT240-242pare and contrast the different forms of countertrade.Countertrade occurs when payment is made in some form other than moneyOptions–BarterThe least complex and oldest form of bilateral, non-monetary counter-tradeA direct exchange of goods or services between two parties–Counter-purchase P303-304–Offset–Compensation trading–Cooperation agreements–Switch trading第十章Global Marketing Channels and Physical Distribution1.In what ways can channel intermediaries create utility for buyers?ObjectivesMarketing channels exist to create utility for customers–Place utility -availability of a product or service in a location that is convenient to a potential customer–Time utility -availability of a product or service when desired by a customer–Form utility -availability of the product processed, prepared, in proper condition and/or ready to use–information utility -availability of answers to questions and general communicationabout useful product features and benefits2.What factors influence the channel structures and strategies available to globalmarketers?B2CThe characters of both buyers and products have an important influence on channel design.The number of individual buyers and their geographic distribution, income, shopping habits and different channel approaches.Products characters such as degree of standardization, perishability, bulk, service requirements, and unit price have an impact as well.Channels tends to be longer as the number of consumers to be served increases and the price per unit decreases. Bulky products usually require channel arrangements that minimize the shipping distances and the number of times products change hands before they reach the ultimate customer.B2BAs is true with consumer channels, product and consumer characteristics have an impact on channel structure. Three basic elements are involved: the manufacture's sales force, distributors or agents and wholesalers.Channel strategy in a global marketing program must fit the company's competitive position and overall marketing objectives in each national market.market factors: consumer profiles, market size and location of country.3.What is cherry picking? What approaches can be used to deal with this problem?P323pare and contrast the typical channel structures for consumer products andindustrial products.P340 PPT252-2555.Identify the different forms of retailing and cite an example of each form. Identifyretailers from as many different countries as you can.PPT258-259 P3256.Identify the four retail market expansion strategies discussed in the text. What factorsdetermine the appropriable mode?Organic–Company uses its own resources to open a store on a green field site or acquire one or more existing retail facilitiesFranchise–Appropriate strategy when barriers to entry are low yet the market is culturally distant in terms of consumer behavior or retailing structuresChain Acquisition–A market entry strategy that entails purchasing a company with multiple existing outlets in a foreign countryJoint Venture–This strategy is advisable when culturally distant, difficult-to-enter markets are targeted 7.What special distribution challenges exist in Japan? What is the best way for anon-Japanese company to deal with these challenges?第十一章Global Marketing Communications Decisions:Advertising and Public Relations1.In what ways can global brands and global advertising campaigns benefit a company? P3482.How does the “standardized versus localized” debate apply to advertising?Four difficulties that compromise an organization’s communicat ion efforts–The message may not get through to the intended recipient.–The message may reach the target audience but may not be understood or may even be misunderstood.–The message may reach the target audience and may be understood but still may not induce the recipient to take the action desired by the sender.–The effectiveness of the message can be impaired by noise.。

国际市场营销学教案第一章：国际市场营销学概述1.1 课程简介介绍国际市场营销学的定义、特点和意义阐述国际市场营销学与其他学科的关系1.2 国际市场营销的概念与演变解释国际市场营销的定义和要素探讨国际市场营销的发展历程和趋势1.3 国际市场营销环境分析分析国际市场营销的宏观环境因素，如经济、政治、文化等探讨国际市场营销的微观环境因素，如竞争对手、顾客需求等1.4 国际市场营销策略介绍国际市场营销的策略类型，如市场渗透、市场开发等探讨国际市场营销策略的选择和实施第二章：国际市场调研与分析2.1 国际市场调研概述解释国际市场调研的意义和目的探讨国际市场调研的步骤和方法2.2 国际市场分析分析国际市场的市场规模、增长潜力、竞争格局等探讨国际市场的机会和威胁2.3 国际市场细分与目标市场选择介绍国际市场细分的概念和标准探讨国际市场细分的方法和目标市场选择策略2.4 国际市场预测与决策解释国际市场预测的意义和目的探讨国际市场预测的方法和决策过程第三章：国际市场营销战略与规划3.1 国际市场营销战略概述解释国际市场营销战略的概念和意义探讨国际市场营销战略的类型和制定过程3.2 国际市场营销战略的实施与评价探讨国际市场营销战略的实施方法和注意事项介绍国际市场营销战略的评价指标和评价过程3.3 国际市场营销规划解释国际市场营销规划的概念和意义探讨国际市场营销规划的制定方法和实施步骤3.4 国际市场营销案例分析分析国际市场营销成功案例的经验和教训探讨国际市场营销失败案例的原因和启示第四章：国际市场营销产品策略4.1 国际市场营销产品概述解释国际市场营销产品的概念和分类探讨国际市场营销产品的特性和差异化策略4.2 国际市场营销产品定位与包装介绍国际市场营销产品定位的概念和重要性探讨国际市场营销产品定位的策略和方法解释国际市场营销产品包装的概念和作用探讨国际市场营销产品包装的设计和策略4.3 国际市场营销产品生命周期策略解释国际市场营销产品生命周期的概念和阶段探讨国际市场营销产品在不同生命周期阶段的策略选择4.4 国际市场营销产品创新与更新探讨国际市场营销产品创新的动力和挑战介绍国际市场营销产品更新的策略和方法第五章：国际市场营销价格策略5.1 国际市场营销价格概述解释国际市场营销价格的概念和作用探讨国际市场营销价格的影响因素5.2 国际市场营销定价策略介绍国际市场营销定价的策略类型，如成本定价、竞争定价等探讨国际市场营销定价的策略选择和实施5.3 国际市场营销价格调整与变动解释国际市场营销价格调整的概念和原因探讨国际市场营销价格调整的策略和方法5.4 国际市场营销价格竞争与合作探讨国际市场营销价格竞争的优势和风险介绍国际市场营销价格合作的策略和方法第六章：国际市场营销渠道策略6.1 国际市场营销渠道概述解释国际市场营销渠道的概念和分类探讨国际市场营销渠道的重要性和作用6.2 国际市场营销渠道选择与管理介绍国际市场营销渠道选择的原则和方法探讨国际市场营销渠道管理的策略和技巧6.3 国际市场营销直接渠道与间接渠道解释国际市场营销直接渠道和间接渠道的概念和特点探讨国际市场营销直接渠道和间接渠道的选择和运用6.4 国际市场营销新兴渠道与传统渠道探讨国际市场营销新兴渠道，如电子商务、社交媒体等的优势和挑战分析国际市场营销传统渠道，如实体店铺、分销商等的作用和局限性第七章：国际市场营销促销策略7.1 国际市场营销促销概述解释国际市场营销促销的概念和作用探讨国际市场营销促销的目标和原则7.2 国际市场营销促销工具与方法介绍国际市场营销促销的工具，如广告、公关、促销活动等探讨国际市场营销促销的方法和技巧7.3 国际市场营销促销组合策略解释国际市场营销促销组合的概念和重要性探讨国际市场营销促销组合的制定和实施7.4 国际市场营销促销评估与优化解释国际市场营销促销评估的意义和目的探讨国际市场营销促销评估的方法和指标介绍国际市场营销促销优化的策略和方法第八章：国际市场营销服务策略8.1 国际市场营销服务概述解释国际市场营销服务的概念和特点探讨国际市场营销服务的重要性和作用8.2 国际市场营销服务策略设计介绍国际市场营销服务策略的设计原则和方法探讨国际市场营销服务策略的实施和运营8.3 国际市场营销服务创新与改进探讨国际市场营销服务创新的动力和挑战介绍国际市场营销服务改进的策略和方法8.4 国际市场营销服务质量管理解释国际市场营销服务质量的概念和重要性探讨国际市场营销服务质量管理的策略和技巧第九章：国际市场营销风险与管理9.1 国际市场营销风险概述解释国际市场营销风险的概念和分类探讨国际市场营销风险的来源和影响9.2 国际市场营销风险识别与评估介绍国际市场营销风险识别的方法和工具探讨国际市场营销风险评估的原则和过程9.3 国际市场营销风险应对与控制解释国际市场营销风险应对的策略和手段探讨国际市场营销风险控制的方法和技巧9.4 国际市场营销风险管理案例分析分析国际市场营销风险管理成功案例的经验和教训探讨国际市场营销风险管理失败案例的原因和启示第十章：国际市场营销伦理与社会责任10.1 国际市场营销伦理概述解释国际市场营销伦理的概念和重要性探讨国际市场营销伦理的原则和规范10.2 国际市场营销伦理问题与挑战分析国际市场营销中常见的伦理问题，如虚假广告、侵犯知识产权等探讨国际市场营销伦理问题的解决和应对策略10.3 国际市场营销社会责任概述解释国际市场营销社会责任的概念和重要性探讨国际市场营销社会责任的内容和实施途径10.4 国际市场营销社会责任实践与评价介绍国际市场营销社会责任实践的案例和经验探讨国际市场营销社会责任评价的方法和指标重点和难点解析1. 第一章至第五章主要介绍国际市场营销学的基本概念、环境分析、策略选择和产品与价格策略。

《国际市场营销》教学⼤纲《国际市场营销》教学⼤纲（课程代码：06244101）⼀、课程说明（⼀）适⽤专业：经济管理、市场营销类专业学⽣（⼆）课程类别：专业课（三）课程的性质和任务国际市场营销学是经济管理、市场营销专业必修棵国际市场营销学是⼀门研究以国外顾客需求为中⼼，⽽从事国际市场营销活动的国际企业管理⽅⾯的应⽤科学。

国际市场营销是基础市场营销学的延伸和应⽤，并构成基础市场营销学的分⽀。

国际市场营销学的基本原理同基础市场营销学的基本原理⽆多⼤差异。

许多指导国内企业开展市场营销的策略、原理和⽅法均可⽤来指导国际市场营销活动。

由于企业的国际市场营销活动是跨国界的贸易活动，⾯对着不同的国家、民族和地区，这些不同的国家、民族和地区⼜有着不同的⽂化环境、政治法律环境、经济环境及竞争环境，国外市场范围辽阔⽽且距离遥远，因此决定了国际市场营销特有的复杂性和多样性。

（四）课程教学⽬的与要求通过该课程的讲授，使学⽣了解企业的国际市场营销的观念，认识国际市场营销的环境的影响，掌握国际市场营销的基本理论框架，接触国际市场营销领域的前沿问题。

在教学中主要突出对理论的系统分析讲解，结合实际分析⼀些具体问题，帮助学⽣加深对理论的理解。

学⽣要具有国际贸易和市场营销的基础知识。

国际市场营销学的教学要求，是以经济全球化和我国对外开放为背景，以经济学基本原理和管理学理论为指导，系统阐述国际市场营销的基本理论、基本知识及其内在规律。

通过教学使学⽣掌握国际市场营销学的基本理论、基本⽅法和基本技巧，学会国际市场营销战略和管理的⼯作⽅法，以及国际市场营销开展的分析框架与思路。

要求⽴⾜中国实际情况，反映全球环境和国别环境的最新变化及趋势，实事求是地研究和探讨中国对外开放和中国企业进⾏国际市场营销的理论和实践问题。

（五）先修课程：西⽅微观经济学、西⽅宏观经济学、国际贸易、管理学、市场营销学等课程。

（六）学时、学分数：教学学时：共54学时。

学分：平时考核占10%：其中学风学术10%、课堂即时作业50%、案例讨论发⾔40%期末考试成绩占90%：其中基础理论与知识70%、综合运⽤能⼒30%（七）教学⽅式与要求教师队伍坚持团队合作，进⾏教学改⾰和经验交流，对教学中存在的问题进⾏探讨、沟通和共同寻求解决的举措。

国际市场营销的战略及其规划第三章国际市场营销的战略与规划•第一节国际营销战略的含义•当企业开始瞄准国际市场, 进行国际经营活动时, 企业必定要制定为其国际经营战略目标服务的国际营销战略。

企业要通过对国际营销环境进行分析, 对国际市场进行调研, 结合企业自身的优势与劣势去制定关于如何选择与进入国际目标市场, 如何满足动态变化的国际目标市场的需求, 从而实现国际经营战略目标的国际营销方案。

国际营销战略是企业关于国际化进程较为长期的总体打算与计划。

有效的国际营销战略务必回答下列问题:•◆选择什么国际市场? 要达到如何的国际化程度? (总体目标)•◆以什么样的产品/ 服务面对市场?•◆如何进入与扩张到国际市场?•◆如何稳固与进展国际市场?•◆如何从不利的国际市场中收缩与撤退?•◆如何面对国际竞争?国际营销管理者为了更有效地开展市场营销活动, 务必事先明确地制定国际营销目标与达到这一目标的具体规划。

制定国际营销计划是国际营销管理的出发点。

而制定国际营销计划的过程就是设定国际营销目标与树立国际营销战略的过程。

第二节国际营销战略的类型一、国际化目标战略•企业的国际化有一个渐进的过程。

企业的经营目标与经营实力决定了它是否从事国际经营与其国际化程度。

企业的国际化程度不一致, 其营销战略也不一致。

根据企业的国际化目标与程度, 能够将企业的国际营销战略分为三种: 出口营销战略、多国营销战略、跨国营销战略/全球营销战略。

(一) 出口营销战略•这是企业国际化程度很低时的一种营销战略。

•企业通过出口方式把营销活动从国内市场扩展到国际市场;•其战略总体目标是进入国际市场;•在营销观念上只把国外市场看做本国市场以外的一种补充销售渠道, 或者作为平衡国内生产、提高质量、实现规模经济的一个手段。

•因此, 其营销计划由国内总公司制定, 产品在国内制造, 然后出口到国外购买商, 营销活动的重心仍然在国内市场。

(二) 多国营销战略•当企业的国际经营活动进一步扩张而进行多国经营时, 其营销战略应使用与之相习惯的多国营销战略。