2019届高考英语语法专题突破：专题1名词(最新整理)

高考英语语法易考知识点最全概括第一讲座：名词---基础篇一、名词的复数：1. 名词变复数规则形式：1). 一般情况下直接加s：book------books cup-----cups2). 以辅音字母+y结尾，先变y为i再加es：city-------cities family-----families3). 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es：bus-----buses wish------wishes watch------watches4). 以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es：tomato-----tomatoes potato------potatoes hero-----heroes Negroes5). 以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es：leaf----leaves self---selves shelf----shelves life----lives thief---thieves2. 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的：man----men woman---women child----children foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice3. 单数和复数形式相同：deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese4. 某国人的复数：1). 中、日不变：Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese2). 英、法变：Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen3).其余s加后面：American-----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians二、不可数名词：1. 不可数名词：1). 不能直接用数字表数量；2). 不能直接加a或an；3). 没有复数形式；4). 可用some、any、lots of、plenty of、much 修饰；5). 可用“量词短语”表示；2. 不可数名词的数量的表示方法：a / 数字+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词：a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk三、名词的所有格：1. ’s 所有格：1). 用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“’s.”：This is ____________________(Mary and Lily) bedroom.2). 用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“’s.”：These are ________________(Tom and Jack ) school bags.3). 以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“’”, 不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“’s”：Teachers’ Day Children’s Day4). 表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加’s 代表全称：at the doctor’s at the Bob’s5). 由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面：This is _________________(somebody else ) pencil.6). 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加’s 来构成所有格：an hour’s ride two weeks’ time China’s capital2. of 所有格：1). of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格：the map of China the door of the room2). 双重所有格：of + 名词所有格of + 名词性的物住代词He is a friend of my _________(brother ).Is she a daughter of __________(you)?四、名词作句子成分：1. 名词作主语：1). 表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数：Two hours ________(be) enough for us to get there.2). 量词短语“数字+量词+ of +…”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致：A pair of shoes _______(be) under the bed.Two pieces of paper _______(be) on the desk.3). 名词+介词（with、but、except、along with、as well as …….）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致：The teacher with the students _________(be) planting trees on the hill.4). 短语“neither…nor…、either…or…、not only…but also …”连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则：Neither he nor I ______ (be) a Frenchman.2. 名词作定语：1). 名词作定语时，一般用单数形式：There is a shoe factory near the school.2). 名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式：(sport )The sports meeting will be held next week.3). man、woman 作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变：one man teacher two women teachers第二讲座：名词---提高篇一、名词的单复数：1. 可数名词的复数不规则变化：(1) 单复数同形：deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species, works, headquarters(2) 形单意复：people, police, youth, cattle, staff(3) 形复意单：news, physics, politics, maths(4)合成词变复数：passer­by→passers­by, son­in­law→sons­in-law, looker­on→lookers­on, go­between→go-betweens, grown­up→grown­ups(5) 词形变化：man→men, child→children，tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice，medium→media2. 不可数名词的数：(1) 有些抽象名词在具体化时，以复数形式出现；表示特指时，可以和定冠词连用；表示“某种”或“一次”的意义时，可以和不定冠词连用：in surprise“惊讶地”，a surprise“一件令人惊讶的事”；win success“获得成功”，a success“一个/件成功的人/事”；by experience“靠经验”，an experience“一次经历”；with pleasure“乐意”，a ple asure“一件乐事”。

Ⅰ.语法填空1The chrysanthemum(菊花) comes from China and was recorded in some Chinese books as early as the5th century BC.The flower 1. (introduce) to Japan during the Tang Dynasty.It usually begins to bloom(开花) in the 9th lunar month，lending a festive atmosphere to Double Ninth Day.That’s why the month is also referred to 2. “the month of chrysanthemum”．The flower has been favored by 3. (poet) through the ages，because it is one of the only flowers that bloom in late autumn.Du Fu，a great Tang Dynasty poet，wrote more than ten poems singing the praises of the flower.Chinese people 4. (be) fond of enjoying chrysanthemums on Double Ninth Day longbefore.Chrysanthemum displays were usually held immediately after 5. day in some regions of China in the Qing Dynasty.People in Beijing began to stick chrysanthemums on doors and windows 6. (get) rid of the bad luck and bring in the good one,7. was an alteration(改变) of the custom of 8. (wear) chrysanthemums on people’s heads.At these displays family members accompany their elders to have a relaxing day in a natural atmosphere while wishing for good health and 9. (happy) for them.The displays are often 10. (live) with a sea of visitors.语篇解读文章讲述了菊花的历史、文化及相关的一些活动及意义。

2019年高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍专题01 名词和冠词（含解析）近几年高考单项填空中单独考查名词的题目相对较少，多与冠词一起进行考查，但完形填空中对名词的考查一直是重点，且考查范围较广。

其命题趋势仍将是：在不同语言环境中去识别词义，进行词义辨析，是高考考查的重点。

因此，考生不仅要弄清词义，而且也要把握好语言环境，在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。

建议考生在复习中注意名词的词义辨析。

冠词是历年高考英语试题中的常考点。

主要考查在理解冠词基本含义的基础上，在具体语境下的冠词的运用，主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。

热点题型一名词的数例1、Games, often seen as________activity for children, are still important in________development of teenagers.A. the; theB. an; theC. an; 不填D. the; 不填【答案】B【提分秘籍】名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。

1．可数名词的复数(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加­s；词尾若是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加­esdesk→desks；dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs(2)以”辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加­esstudy→studies(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为­vesleaf→leaves(4)以字母o结尾的名词，多数加­spiano→pianos(5)单、复数同形sheep；deer(6)单、复数都要加s的名词works(工厂)；means(方法)有一些例外情况：(1)巧记以o结尾加­es的名词：黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。

(即Negro，hero，tomato 和potato四个词)(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加­s：海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。

第一课时名词李仕才[感悟高考]1.— Can you tell us your ________ for happiness and a long life?—Living every day to the full, definitely.(2016·江苏卷)A.recipeB.recordC.rangeD.receipt答案 A [句意：——你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？——当然是尽情享受每一天。

recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt收据，收条。

根据句意可知A项正确。

]2.It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late payments may affect your ________.(2016·江苏卷)A.conditionB.incomeC.creditD.status答案 C [句意：重要的是按时缴纳电费，因为逾期付款可能会影响你的信用。

condition 情况； income 收入；credit 信誉； status 身份。

根据句意，答案为C。

]3.There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some ________ and then let me know.(2015·安徽卷)A.thoughtB.supportC.protectionD.authority答案 A [句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。

思考一下，然后让我知道。

thought思想，思考；support支持，维持，支援，供养；protection保护，防卫；authority权威，权力，当局。

]4.Studies have shown that the right and left ear ________ sound differently.(2015·浙江卷)A.produceB.pronounceC.processD.download答案 C [句意：研究表明左右耳处理声音的方式不同。

高考英语最新名词知识点知识点总复习含答案解析(1)一、选择题1．He has been spreading false stories in a(n)____________to smear(诽谤)us.A．attempt B．programme C．intention D．dream2．He stood at the water’s ____________ and looked across the lake.A．edge B．course C．exit3．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________. A．discount B．dictation C．favor4．If you want to get a good ___________, you’d better stand on the top of the hill.A．sight B．sceneC．look D．view5．A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A．burden B．risk C．hole D．disaster6．The two neighbouring countries reached a（an） ______ on their boundary problem eventually.A．Accumulation.B．compensation C．accommodation D．ambition7．All children should be encouraged to realize their full __________.A．impact B．recognition C．potential D．program 8．They lived in a backward part of the country, with no electricity, paved roads or easy ______ to safe drinking water.A．lack B．guarantee C．remedy D．access9．Being a soldier, he has a strong sense of ________.A．desire B．discipline C．force D．privacy 10．Mr. Li Jiacheng is considered one of the most successful businessmen in the world. And, he regards himself as the ________ of the times.A．instructor B．expert C．favorite D．admirer 11．Nearly a year after his____________ from prison, he was still unable to sleep properly. A．expedition B．transformation C．link D．release12．Lulu grew up in the ____________ of her high-performing sister, Sophia.A．protection B．gesture C．shadow13．Despite numerous failures, they continued to carry out the____________.A．method B．experiment.C．warning D．effect 14．American English has so many_________because the American people have come from all over the world.A．grammar B．vocabulary C．pronunciations D．dialects 15．China is a racially mixed country, in which various ethnic(民族) groups bring their own unique flavors to each corner of the country, which adds ________ people's table.A．to great variety of B．great variety toC．to a great variety of D．the great variety to16．Jane is nice but she has a ______ to talk too much.A．trend B．tendency C．tension D．threat17．Letting virtual assistants, such as Amazon's Alexa, take care of your home is a(n) _________ for disaster to some, because AI-infused systems may demonstrate unpredictable behaviors that can be disruptive, confusing, offensive, and even dangerous.A．topic B．shortcut C．cure D．recipe 18．Olympic athletes bring joy to people across the world with their____________ to push the boundaries of human achievement.A．intelligence B．influences C．impression D．attempts19．A _______ will be paid to anyone who brings back the money Mr. Brown lost,according to the advertisement.A．price B．profit C．reward D．salary 20．—Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes?— Well, I just follow the directons in the cookbook.A．feature B．plan C．cost D．trick 21．Training of the employees was suggested as one _____ to dealing with the problem of low efficiency.A．method B．wayC．approach D．means22．It is a great____________ for our country to hold the 2022 Winter Olympic.A．signal B．function C．honor D．agreement 23．They are building the dam in _____ with another firm.A．comparison B．association C．touch D．tune24．Last month L.A．declared a________of emergency as protests over killing of Geroge Floyd a black man turned violent.A．state B．condition C．situation D．circumstance 25．How much does it cost to put satellite into____________？A．gas B．orbit C．chemicals D．vapors【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．A解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。

三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编专题01 冠词、名词一、2019年高考真题1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension 【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。

句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。

A. priority 优先；优先权；B. potential 潜在的，可能的；C. proportion 比例，占比；D. pension 退休金，抚恤金。

故选A 。

2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment 【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。

statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。

故选B 。

3.【2019·新课标I 卷·语法填空】Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。

2019年高考英语语法必考考点（1）：名词含解析李仕才【考点解读】研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、词性转换、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。

在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考察，考察题型以短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解、单项选择、及写作部分等。

对名词的考察一般放在名词词义辨析（特别是同义词和近义词的辨析）、名词的习惯用法、一词多义、抽象名词具体化、词性转换、名词动用等方面。

1、对同义词、近义词的考查如：At the meeting they discussed three different _______ to the study of mathematics.A. approachesB. meansC. methodsD. ways【答案】D。

【解析】在会议上他们讨论了三种不同的学习数学的方法。

way意为“方式，方法”，可指具体的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法，也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。

approach意为“接近，靠近，方式，方法”，指接近某人或某事，也可指对待或处理事情的方式或方法。

mean意为“方式，方法”，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法;用于具体意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。

method意为“方式，方法”，指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法，强调条理性及高效率。

【点睛】面对英语学习中的大量近义词，仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正理解和解释清楚。

要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典，注意并比较它们的基本义，用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。

2、对相似词的考查如：Always read the _______ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB. instructionsC. descriptionsD. introductions【答案】B。

专题01 名词【2019年高考考纲解读】高考对名词词义辨析以及习惯搭配用法的考查将仍然是重点。

名词除了独立考查其词义辨析外，还常结合其他项目一起考查，题型以单项填空、短文改错、完形填空及单词拼写等形式出现，考查要点主要包括：1．考查名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。

名词词义辨析包括同义词辨析、近义词辨析、同形词辨析和不同词义的名词在语境中的辨析。

另外，高考还考查容易混淆的名词的辨形、辨义以及名词的惯用法等。

2．考查名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。

3．考查名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象。

这种现象主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形填空试题中。

如：shelter n．庇护，避难所→vt.保护，躲避，避难； storm n. 暴风雨，大动荡→vi.&vt.横冲直撞，猛攻；shoulder n. 肩，肩膀，肩部→vt.肩负，承担；trail n．小径，痕迹→vt.追踪。

【重点、难点剖析】一、名词词义辨析同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合，要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。

平时要努力扩大词汇量，做题时要深入理解语境，整体把握，结合句意作出最佳选择。

二、名词固定搭配高考中常常借助名词的固定搭配在具体语境中的运用考查名词。

解答此类试题，不仅要掌握名词的意义，体会语境，还要牢记常用的名词固定搭配。

如：have/gain access to得以进入/会见/接近；take advantage of利用，趁……之机；make fun of取笑，嘲弄等。

三、抽象名词具体化抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等而没有实物的名词。

抽象名词具体化后变成可数名词，前面可加不定冠词，用来强调其具体表现形式或表示某一次短暂的动作，常意为“一次……的事情；一个……的人；一种……的东西”。

如：抽象名词具体意义success成功 a success成功的人或事failure失败 a failure失败的人或事pleasure乐趣 a pleasure令人高兴的事pity同情 a pity令人遗憾的事relief宽慰 a relief令人宽慰的事beauty美，美丽 a beauty美人surprise惊奇；吃惊 a surprise一件意外的事concern关心 a concern一件令人关切的事四、名词作定语名词作定语一般用单数形式，如a mountain village, stone houses, coffee cup，但man和woman 作定语时要随着所修饰的名词的数的变化而变化。

专题一冠词、名词和主谓一致1.【2015·湖北】21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place【答案】A【考点定位】名词词义辨析【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。

四个选项都可以跟前面的动词lose搭配。

考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had a bad fall（重重地摔了一跤）”，不禁会产生疑问：怎么会摔了一跤呢？然后根据搭配l ose one’s balance“失去平衡”锁定正确答案。

2.【2015·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.A. emotionB. talentC. identityD. treasure【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。

A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。

故选C项。

【考点定位】名词词义辨析【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词“secret task（秘密任务）”和“ gave himself a new name（给自己取了个新名字）”，然后推知肯定是为了“hide his identity （掩藏身份）”，从而锁定正确答案。

3.【2015·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.A. thoughtB. supportC. protectionD. authority【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。