(完整版)2019届高考英语语法专题突破：专题1名词

高考英语语法易考知识点最全概括第一讲座：名词---基础篇一、名词的复数：1. 名词变复数规则形式：1). 一般情况下直接加s：book------books cup-----cups2). 以辅音字母+y结尾，先变y为i再加es：city-------cities family-----families3). 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es：bus-----buses wish------wishes watch------watches4). 以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es：tomato-----tomatoes potato------potatoes hero-----heroes Negroes5). 以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es：leaf----leaves self---selves shelf----shelves life----lives thief---thieves2. 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的：man----men woman---women child----children foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice3. 单数和复数形式相同：deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese4. 某国人的复数：1). 中、日不变：Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese2). 英、法变：Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen3).其余s加后面：American-----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians二、不可数名词：1. 不可数名词：1). 不能直接用数字表数量；2). 不能直接加a或an；3). 没有复数形式；4). 可用some、any、lots of、plenty of、much 修饰；5). 可用“量词短语”表示；2. 不可数名词的数量的表示方法：a / 数字+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词：a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk三、名词的所有格：1. ’s 所有格：1). 用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加“’s.”：This is ____________________(Mary and Lily) bedroom.2). 用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加“’s.”：These are ________________(Tom and Jack ) school bags.3). 以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“’”, 不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加“’s”：Teachers’ Day Children’s Day4). 表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词后加’s 代表全称：at the doctor’s at the Bob’s5). 由some、any、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面：This is _________________(somebody else ) pencil.6). 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加’s 来构成所有格：an hour’s ride two weeks’ time China’s capital2. of 所有格：1). of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格：the map of China the door of the room2). 双重所有格：of + 名词所有格of + 名词性的物住代词He is a friend of my _________(brother ).Is she a daughter of __________(you)?四、名词作句子成分：1. 名词作主语：1). 表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数：Two hours ________(be) enough for us to get there.2). 量词短语“数字+量词+ of +…”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致：A pair of shoes _______(be) under the bed.Two pieces of paper _______(be) on the desk.3). 名词+介词（with、but、except、along with、as well as …….）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致：The teacher with the students _________(be) planting trees on the hill.4). 短语“neither…nor…、either…or…、not only…but also …”连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则：Neither he nor I ______ (be) a Frenchman.2. 名词作定语：1). 名词作定语时，一般用单数形式：There is a shoe factory near the school.2). 名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式：(sport )The sports meeting will be held next week.3). man、woman 作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变：one man teacher two women teachers第二讲座：名词---提高篇一、名词的单复数：1. 可数名词的复数不规则变化：(1) 单复数同形：deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species, works, headquarters(2) 形单意复：people, police, youth, cattle, staff(3) 形复意单：news, physics, politics, maths(4)合成词变复数：passer­by→passers­by, son­in­law→sons­in-law, looker­on→lookers­on, go­between→go-betweens, grown­up→grown­ups(5) 词形变化：man→men, child→children，tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice，medium→media2. 不可数名词的数：(1) 有些抽象名词在具体化时，以复数形式出现；表示特指时，可以和定冠词连用；表示“某种”或“一次”的意义时，可以和不定冠词连用：in surprise“惊讶地”，a surprise“一件令人惊讶的事”；win success“获得成功”，a success“一个/件成功的人/事”；by experience“靠经验”，an experience“一次经历”；with pleasure“乐意”，a ple asure“一件乐事”。

Ⅰ.语法填空1The chrysanthemum(菊花) comes from China and was recorded in some Chinese books as early as the5th century BC.The flower 1. (introduce) to Japan during the Tang Dynasty.It usually begins to bloom(开花) in the 9th lunar month，lending a festive atmosphere to Double Ninth Day.That’s why the month is also referred to 2. “the month of chrysanthemum”．The flower has been favored by 3. (poet) through the ages，because it is one of the only flowers that bloom in late autumn.Du Fu，a great Tang Dynasty poet，wrote more than ten poems singing the praises of the flower.Chinese people 4. (be) fond of enjoying chrysanthemums on Double Ninth Day longbefore.Chrysanthemum displays were usually held immediately after 5. day in some regions of China in the Qing Dynasty.People in Beijing began to stick chrysanthemums on doors and windows 6. (get) rid of the bad luck and bring in the good one,7. was an alteration(改变) of the custom of 8. (wear) chrysanthemums on people’s heads.At these displays family members accompany their elders to have a relaxing day in a natural atmosphere while wishing for good health and 9. (happy) for them.The displays are often 10. (live) with a sea of visitors.语篇解读文章讲述了菊花的历史、文化及相关的一些活动及意义。

第一课时名词李仕才[感悟高考]1.— Can you tell us your ________ for happiness and a long life?—Living every day to the full, definitely.(2016·江苏卷)A.recipeB.recordC.rangeD.receipt答案 A [句意：——你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？——当然是尽情享受每一天。

recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt收据，收条。

根据句意可知A项正确。

]2.It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late payments may affect your ________.(2016·江苏卷)A.conditionB.incomeC.creditD.status答案 C [句意：重要的是按时缴纳电费，因为逾期付款可能会影响你的信用。

condition 情况； income 收入；credit 信誉； status 身份。

根据句意，答案为C。

]3.There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some ________ and then let me know.(2015·安徽卷)A.thoughtB.supportC.protectionD.authority答案 A [句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。

思考一下，然后让我知道。

thought思想，思考；support支持，维持，支援，供养；protection保护，防卫；authority权威，权力，当局。

]4.Studies have shown that the right and left ear ________ sound differently.(2015·浙江卷)A.produceB.pronounceC.processD.download答案 C [句意：研究表明左右耳处理声音的方式不同。

1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，69)This development was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of electric­powered engines and lifts.答案：introduction　由空格前的定冠词the可知其后应接名词作介词with的宾语。

2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，66)She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate).答案：education　形容词性物主代词通常在名词前作定语。

由此可知her后面的空格处应为名词education。

3．(2017·浙江高考，56) Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small ________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.答案：carrots　由空格前面的修饰语a handful of “一把……；少量的”可知后面的名词carrot应用复数形式carrots。

4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ，46)Recent ________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.答案：studies　根据句子谓语动词show可知，主语应该是名词的复数形式。

5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract).答案：attraction　根据空格前的形容词top可知应用名词，形容词常用作定语来修饰名词。

导学案【词汇串烧】Fall in Love with EnglishHiding behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager pack ed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this because he was tired of his parents’ nagging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and dislike d join ing in English classes because he thought his teacher ignore d him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never add ed up to over 60.His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly what he was suffer ing from, but entirely disagree d with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle his problem, she talked with him face to face and swap ped a series of learning tip s with him. The item s she set down helped him find the highway to studying English well.The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words. Now, he has recover ed from being upset and has fall en in love with English.爱上英语有个少年躲在积满灰尘的松散窗帘后把大衣装入手提箱。

三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编专题01 冠词、名词一、2019年高考真题1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension 【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。

句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。

A. priority 优先；优先权；B. potential 潜在的，可能的；C. proportion 比例，占比；D. pension 退休金，抚恤金。

故选A 。

2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment 【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。

statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。

故选B 。

3.【2019·新课标I 卷·语法填空】Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。

专题01 名词【2019年高考考纲解读】高考对名词词义辨析以及习惯搭配用法的考查将仍然是重点。

名词除了独立考查其词义辨析外，还常结合其他项目一起考查，题型以单项填空、短文改错、完形填空及单词拼写等形式出现，考查要点主要包括：1．考查名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。

名词词义辨析包括同义词辨析、近义词辨析、同形词辨析和不同词义的名词在语境中的辨析。

另外，高考还考查容易混淆的名词的辨形、辨义以及名词的惯用法等。

2．考查名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。

3．考查名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象。

这种现象主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形填空试题中。

如：shelter n．庇护，避难所→vt.保护，躲避，避难； storm n. 暴风雨，大动荡→vi.&vt.横冲直撞，猛攻；shoulder n. 肩，肩膀，肩部→vt.肩负，承担；trail n．小径，痕迹→vt.追踪。

【重点、难点剖析】一、名词词义辨析同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合，要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。

平时要努力扩大词汇量，做题时要深入理解语境，整体把握，结合句意作出最佳选择。

二、名词固定搭配高考中常常借助名词的固定搭配在具体语境中的运用考查名词。

解答此类试题，不仅要掌握名词的意义，体会语境，还要牢记常用的名词固定搭配。

如：have/gain access to得以进入/会见/接近；take advantage of利用，趁……之机；make fun of取笑，嘲弄等。

三、抽象名词具体化抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等而没有实物的名词。

抽象名词具体化后变成可数名词，前面可加不定冠词，用来强调其具体表现形式或表示某一次短暂的动作，常意为“一次……的事情；一个……的人；一种……的东西”。

如：抽象名词具体意义success成功 a success成功的人或事failure失败 a failure失败的人或事pleasure乐趣 a pleasure令人高兴的事pity同情 a pity令人遗憾的事relief宽慰 a relief令人宽慰的事beauty美，美丽 a beauty美人surprise惊奇；吃惊 a surprise一件意外的事concern关心 a concern一件令人关切的事四、名词作定语名词作定语一般用单数形式，如a mountain village, stone houses, coffee cup，但man和woman 作定语时要随着所修饰的名词的数的变化而变化。

2019届高考英语二轮往届真题回顾：名词（含答案解析）名词——学好语法的基础[:1．(2018·湖北，21)Poetry written from the________of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.A．perspective B．priorityC．participation D．privilege解析考查名词辨析。

句意：从都市青年的角度写的诗歌倾向于反映他们对缺乏归属感的焦虑。

A项意为“观点，看法”；B项意为“优先，优先权”；C项意为“参加，参与；分享”；D项意为“特权；荣幸”。

结合句意可知正确答案为A项。

答案A[:2．(2018·湖北，22)Carbon dioxide, which makes a________between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.A．difference B．comparison [:C．connection D．barrier解析句意：二氧化碳，在我们与太阳之间设置了一道屏障，阻止热量轻易地散发到大气层中，因此地球正变得更暖和。

A项意为“区别，不同”；B项意为“对比，比较”；C项意为“联系”；D项意为“障碍，屏障”。

故选D项。

答案 D3．(2018·江苏，33)With inspiration from other food cultures，American food culture can take a________for the better.A．share B．c hance C．turn D．lead解析考查名词辨析。

【2019高考真题精选】1.（2019福建卷）26. —Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes?— Well, I just follow the directons in the cookbook.A. featureB. planC. costD. trick2.（2019湖北卷）21. Her ______ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A. motivationB. qualificationC. talentD. technique3.（2019湖北卷）22. When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,” J oan’s face turnedred at the unexpected ______.A. commandB. comparisonC. complimentD. contribution4.（2019江苏卷）27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful in lastyear's election.A. symbolB. portraitC. identityD. statue5.（2019天津卷）3.Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ________ of power.A. sourceB. senseC. resultD. root6.（2019浙江卷）6. We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.A. attemptsB. requestsC. doubtsD. promises【2013高考真题精选（2013·浙江）4.As the world’s population continues to grow, the ___of food becomes more and more of a concern.A.worthB. supplyC. packageD. list（2013·浙江）2.Mary worked here as a ____ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company.A.pessimisticB. temporaryC. previousD. cautious（2013·福建卷)22. _____ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.A. KnownB. Having knownC. KnowingD. Being known（2013·湖北卷)21. Poetry written from the ______ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.A. perspectiveB. priorityC. participationD. priv ilege（2013·辽宁卷)23.The accident caused some _____ to my car,but it ’s nothing serious.A.harmB.injuryC.ruinD.damage【2012山东卷】24. My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.A. expressionB. attentionC.satisfactionD. impressionD.【2012福建卷】25. 一Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?一Well, you know, English is my . So it is my best choice.A. strengthB. talentC. abilityD.' skill【2012浙江卷】7. Your a s a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.A. operationB. growthC. performanceD. character【2012湖北卷】29. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ________.A. symptomB. similarityC. sampleD. shadow【2012湖北卷】30. The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct ________ in applying for a visa.A. patternB. procedureC. programD. perspective【2012江苏卷】21. — Can I help you with it?— I appreciate your , but I can manage it myself.A. adviceB. questionC. offerD. idea【2012江西卷】29．You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for futureA．purpose B．reference C．progress D．MemoryB．【2012四川卷】15. He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It’s just a matter o f _____.A.luckB. valueC. timeD. factB.【2012全国II】19. The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ______ in this cityA. quantityB. progressC. productionD. demand（2011山东卷,34﹚There’s a _____ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake forus all to share.A. traditionB. balanceC. concernD. relationship（2011江苏卷,32﹚We’d better discuss everything _______ before we work out the plan.A．in de tail B．in general C．on purpose D．on time（2011江苏卷,27﹚Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _____.A．consequence B．independence C．competence D．intelligence（2011浙江卷,18﹚Anyway, I can’t cheat him—it’s against all my ____.A. emotionsB. principlesC. regulationsD. opinions（2011福建卷,26﹚The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.A.resultB.causeC.warningD.reflection（2011四川卷,13﹚Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s .A.touchB.sightC.reachD.distance（2011湖北卷,30﹚When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers w ould prefer to see him step aside _________ younger men.A. in terms ofB. in need ofC. in favor ofD. in praise of（2011江西卷31﹚What’s the_____, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself?A.sympathyB.themeC.objectD.point（2010安徽﹚I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_______A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure（2010江西﹚Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ______ of 40,000 per year.A averageB numberC amountD quantity（2010山东﹚Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.A. reliefB. safetyC. defenseD. shelter（2010天津﹚James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.A. roomB. areaC. fieldD. position。

高考英语语法词汇专项突破：名词考点专题全突破+巩固训练养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

[名词考题展示]（2023新高考II卷）Since June 2017, right before the (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng 【考题1】Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.答案与解析：arrival。

考查名词。

空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive 的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。

故填arrival。

句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。

【考题2】（2023新高考II卷）They also need to be ready to give (interview) in English with international journalists.答案与解析：interviews。

近几年高考单项填空中单独考查名词的题目相对较少，多与冠词一起进行考查，但完形填空中对名词的考查一直是重点，且考查范围较广。

其命题趋势仍将是：在不同语言环境中去识别词义，进行词义辨析，是高考考查的重点。

因此，考生不仅要弄清词义，而且也要把握好语言环境，在单项填空、完形填空中这类试题会继续出现。

建议考生在复习中注意名词的词义辨析。

冠词是历年高考英语试题中的常考点。

主要考查在理解冠词基本含义的基础上，在具体语境下的冠词的运用，主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。

热点题型一考查名词的数例1、Games, often seen as________activity for children, are still important in________development of teenagers.A. the; theB. an; theC. an; 不填D. the; 不填【答案】B【提分秘籍】名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。

1．可数名词的复数(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加­s；词尾若是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加­esdesk→desks；dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs(2)以”辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加­esstudy→studies(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为­vesleaf→leaves(4)以字母o结尾的名词，多数加­spiano→pianos(5)单、复数同形sheep；deer(6)单、复数都要加s的名词works(工厂)；means(方法)有一些例外情况：(1)巧记以o结尾加­es的名词：黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。

(即Negro，hero，tomato和potato 四个词)(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加­s：海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。

专题一冠词、名词和主谓一致1.【2018·湖北】21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place【答案】A【考点定位】名词词义辨析【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。

四个选项都可以跟前面的动词lose搭配。

考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had a bad fall（重重地摔了一跤）”，不禁会产生疑问：怎么会摔了一跤呢？然后根据搭配l ose one’s balance“失去平衡”锁定正确答案。

2.【2018·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.A. emotionB. talentC. identityD. treasure【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。

A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。

故选C项。

【考点定位】名词词义辨析【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词“secret task（秘密任务）”和“ gave himself a new name（给自己取了个新名字）”，然后推知肯定是为了“hide his identity（掩藏身份）”，从而锁定正确答案。

3.【2018·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.A. thoughtB. supportC. protectionD. authority【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：现在没必要告诉我答案，你再思考一下，之后告诉我。

一、语法填空1．he book gives a detailed ________(explain) of the origin，the processing skills and the classification of tea.【解析】根据空格前的detailed可知，空格处被形容词修饰，故用explain的名词形式。

【答案】explanation2．I was always checking the time and thinking of future ________(plan)．【解析】【解析】句意：我总是核对时间，想未来的计划。

应用复数形式。

【答案】plans3．Who choose to be happy must help others to find ________(happy)，for the welfare of each is bound up with the welfare of all.【解析】find sth.找到……，后面应用名词，故填happiness。

【答案】happiness4．He asked ________(permit)to introduce his friend，whose name was Mr Wickham，and who had apparently arrived recently from London.7．I have a strong ________(believe)that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets，too.【答案】belief 【解析】句意：我坚信有朝一日中国学生也会购买这些票。

空白处前面有a strong 修饰，说明空白处须填可数名词单数。

8．So I asked her why she sat there in ________(silent)．【答案】silence 【解析】句意：因此我问她为什么坐在那里沉默不语。

三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编专题01 冠词、名词一、2019年高考真题1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension 【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。

句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。

A. priority 优先；优先权；B. potential 潜在的，可能的；C. proportion 比例，占比；D. pension 退休金，抚恤金。

故选A 。

2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment 【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。

statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判断力判断”。

故选B 。

3.【2019·新课标I 卷·语法填空】Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。

2019年高考英语语法必考考点（1）：名词含解析李仕才【考点解读】研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、词性转换、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。

在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考察，考察题型以短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解、单项选择、及写作部分等。

对名词的考察一般放在名词词义辨析（特别是同义词和近义词的辨析）、名词的习惯用法、一词多义、抽象名词具体化、词性转换、名词动用等方面。

1、对同义词、近义词的考查如：At the meeting they discussed three different _______ to the study of mathematics.A. approachesB. meansC. methodsD. ways【答案】D。

【解析】在会议上他们讨论了三种不同的学习数学的方法。

way意为“方式，方法”，可指具体的方法，也可指抽象的方法，多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法，也可指个人特殊的方式、方法。

approach意为“接近，靠近，方式，方法”，指接近某人或某事，也可指对待或处理事情的方式或方法。

mean意为“方式，方法”，用于抽象意义，可指为达到某一目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等，尤指整套方法;用于具体意义，常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。

method意为“方式，方法”，指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法，强调条理性及高效率。

【点睛】面对英语学习中的大量近义词，仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正理解和解释清楚。

要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典，注意并比较它们的基本义，用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。

2、对相似词的考查如：Always read the _______ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB. instructionsC. descriptionsD. introductions【答案】B。