高三复习第一轮--定语从句(含练习,教师版)

高三语法第一轮复习--定语从句【知识梳理】一、关系代词的选择1．充当主语的关系代词。

限制性定语从句1). Edmund Halley was an English scientist who/that lived over 200 years ago.2). A plane is a machine which/that can fly.3). Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.4). a. China is one of the nations that have made （make）great progress in reducing its population growth.b. Tom is the one of the boys who is (be) praised.用法：1)．在限制性定语从句中，who用于指人，which用于指物，that/as指人或指物均可。

2)．as作关系代词使用时，先行词前必须有The same, such , as. so 修饰3)．从句中谓语动词单复数由先行词决定。

4)．One of +可数名词复数做先行词，关系代词在从句中做主语时，从句的谓语动词用复数。

the one of +可数名词复数做先行词，关系代词在从句中做主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数。

5). 作主语的关系代词不可省略。

非限制性定语从句1). The river, which was dirty in the past, is very clear now.2). The pupils, who are very happy now, will go out for a picnic soon.3). They have three daughters, all of whom are doctors.用法：1)．在非限制性定语从句只能用who指人，which指物，不能用that。

2)．尽管在从句中充当主语又指人，但前面有介词，必须用whom2．充当宾语的关系代词。

动词宾语1)．The shirt (which/that) his mother made doesn’t fit him.2)．He is the man (who/whom/that) I met yesterday.3)．a. He used such words as he found in the text.b. He booked a room in the same hotel as he once stayed at.用法：1)．关系代词在限制性定语从句中作动词宾语，who(m)用于指人，which用于指物，that/as既可指人又可指物，在非正式文体中可省略关系代词。

2)．若先行词前有such, as, so，the same 等作修饰语，常用as作关系代词。

3). 做动词宾语的关系代词可以省略。

介词宾语1)．He is the man to whom I gave the money.2)．This is the shop from which I bought the pen.3)．Which is correct?He is the person I came across in the street last week.He is the person across whom I came in the street last week用法：1)．介词前置时，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that, who, 也不能省略2). 如果定语从句中谓语动词为动词介词，即动词与介词不可分，则介词必须后置，不能与谓语动词分开置于关系代词前。

常用that作关系代词的几种情况（1）先行词前含形容词最高级，序数词或有only, very, any, few, all, little, every, each, no, much, some, one of作修饰语。

This is the best film that I have ever seen.This is the very book I am looking for.He is the only person that passed the examination.（2）先行词为指物的不定代词如all, anything, nothing, little, much, some, none, those等。

In a record, you put down something (that) you want to remember.There is little that he can do for her.I’ll do anything that I can.（3）先行词为人和物的名词词组。

We talked of people and things that were in our elementary school.（4）先行词是人或物，关系词在限制性定语从句中作表语时。

Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.（5）主句中有疑问代词who 或which, 为了免重复，用that.Who is the man that is standing over there?Who that has the sense of honor can do such a thing?常用who做关系词的情况。

先行词为指人的one, ones, anyone, somebody, everybody, anybody 或those, he时。

The ones who don’t work hard will fail in the exam.Those who want to buy this book sign your names here.Anyone who wants to go to college must study hard.3．充当表语的关系代词1）．He is no longer the simple-minded man that he was five years ago.2）．It is not a profound book that you think it to be.3). The town is about the same distance from Nanjing as Yangzhou is.用法：1)限制性定语从句中，多用that, 可以省略。

2) as 也可用作表语，同such, the same 连用，引导限制性定语从句。

4．充当名词修饰语的关系代词1)．Mr. Johnson was the one whose house caught fire last night.2)．This is the classroom whose windows are broken.3). This is the house _in____ __which____ the windows face south.用法：1). 在限制性和非限制性定语从句中whose+名词做主语或宾语，在这个结构中，whose 对名词起限定特指作用，同时引导一个定语从句。

2). whose+名词的先行词也可以是物或抽象名词，此时可以和of +which结构互换5．修饰整个主句的关系代词(as/which 区别)1) 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词which可修饰前面整个主句, 置于主句后，译为“这”She went abroad, which surprised us all.He was punished, which served him right.as也可作关系代词修饰整个主句，译为：正如She was frightened, as I could see from her eyes.2) as 位置比较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间、或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开。

译为“正如……”As we all know, he is famous for painting.As was expected, he did not finish the work.As is natural, the moon goes round the earth.3) as后若为is或was+过去分词结构，is或was可以省略，但which不可。

The material is elastic, as shown in the figure.4) 在一些习惯用法中常用asAs we know, as expected/reported, as is often the case, as has been pointed out,6. 关系词but 用于否定句中but=who …not, which… notThere is none but wishes to help you.There is not a single student but would like to study more.There was not one house but was burnt down.7. 关系词than 用于比较级中There were more people injured in the accident than was/were reported.She has more teeth than are necessary for any particular purpose.8. 关系代词的省略1). 作宾语时可以省略，但如果放在介词之后，不可省略This is the girl with whom he worked.This is the girl / he worked with2). 作主语的关系代词不可省略All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those that once grew inthe forest.3). 作表语的关系代词that可以省略He still talks like the man (that) he was ten years ago.9. prep+which+to do 相当于一个定语从句1). Allow me half an hour in which to wash the clothes.2). He has a knife with which to defend himself.10. such…as与such…that的区别:1). Last term our math teacher set such a difficult examination problem none of uscould work it out.(that)2). Last term our math teacher set such a difficult examination problem none of uscould work out.(as)3). I have only a few photos, but can show you I have.A. same asB. such asC. with whichD. that4）. Her fear of flying was she always managed to travel by train or by boat.A. such thatB. such asC. so thatD. so as二、关系副词when, where, why的用法1). a. I’ll always remember the day when / on which I went to the college.b. They have established elephant preserves, or areas of land set aside for herds ofelephants where / in which no one is allowed to harm them.c. That’s the reason why / for which he dislikes me.2). a. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.b. The university is introducing a tutorial system, where personal tutors can help studentsbetter choose what to learn.用法：1). when、where、why在句中分别做时间、地点和原因状语，其结构相当于介词+关系代词。