对外汉语专业词汇

1语言类syllable音节alphabet字母ambiguity语言中的歧异现象pronunciation发音Cantonese广东话vowel元音consonant辅音tone声调tone language声调语言rhyme韵律rhyme押韵rhythm节奏intonation语调speech of sound语音lexicon词汇grammar语法word-building/-formation构词法morphological change形态变化morpheme语素vocal cords 声带organs of speech发音器官respiratory organs呼吸器官phonetic alphabet音标Chinese Phonetic Alphabet 汉语拼音phoneme 音位attribute属性articulation oracle发音bone inscriptions 甲骨文stroke笔画character component部首ideograph表意文字pictograph象形文字notional word实词noun名词verb 动词adjective形容词adverb 副词pronoun代词function word虚词conjunction连词mood word语气词preposition介词interjection叹词auxiliary word助词modal verb情态动词subject主语object宾语attribute定语complement补语predicate谓语predicative表语adverbial状语modifier修饰语synonym 同义词antonym反义词word group词组tense时态proper noun专有名词register专业术语context语境ending词尾suffix后缀infix前缀original meaning本义basic meaning基本义extended meaning引申义set phrase / idiom成语dialect方言Syntax句法学Semantics语义学Pragmatics语用学Applied linguistics应用语言学arbitrary / arbitrariness任意性productivit能产性duality二重性displacement移位性creativity创造性soft palate软腭hard palate硬腭teeth ridge齿龈air stream气流stress重音annotate注音v root词根stem词干word order词序Saussure索绪尔language言语活动parole言语langue语言competence语言能力performance言语行为isolating language孤立语agglutinative language黏着语inflectional language屈折语folklore民俗学character字word词sentence句子note注释exercise练习assignment作业the rule of writing书写规则passage短文speech tempo语速courseware课件teaching objective教学目标teaching procedure教学步骤placement test分班考试interlanguage中介语contrastive analysis对比分析Error analysis偏误分析positive transfe正迁移r negative transfer负迁移Language Acquisition语言习得Target Language目的语Second Language第二语言Structuralism结构主义Behaviorism行为主义speech act theory言语行为理论principle of conversation会话原则maxim准则conversational implication会话含义widening of meaning意义扩大narrowing of meaning意义缩小meaning shift意义改变LAD=Language acquisition device 语言习得装置2文学类method of creation创作方法essential features基本特征world outlook 世界观literary style文学风格emotional feeling思想感情Realism 现实主义Romanticism浪漫主义Classicism古典主义literary appreciation appreciation of literature文学鉴赏literary criticism文学批评literary theory文学理论schools of literature文学流派linguistic arts语言艺术literary works文学作品narrative poetry叙事诗lyric poetry抒情诗essay杂文fiction小说novel长篇小说medium-length novel中篇小说short story短篇小说poetry诗歌prose散文drama戏剧tragedy悲剧comedy喜剧solemn drama正剧严肃剧stage play话剧literary script文学剧本montage 蒙太奇contemporary当代文学literary heritage文化遗产publication出版regulation调节intellectual知识分子educational background学历definition定义corresponding对应的creative consciousness创新意识literary circle文学界literary trend 文学潮流individual value个人价值Renaissance文艺复兴Enlightenment启蒙运动humanism人本主义heroism英雄主义sense of life生命意识literary achievement文学成就legend传说imagination想象力human right人权literary flavor文学色彩technique of expression表现手法supernatural power超自然的力量epic史诗strong will坚强的意志keynote基调historical play历史剧plot情节time时间site地点theme主题distinctive image鲜明的形象character性格characteristic特征aesthetic value美学价值exaggeration夸张contrast对比folk literature民间文学social status社会地位Sinology汉学religion宗教信仰worship崇拜Taoism道教Confucius孔子Confucian儒家的superstition迷信mythology神话emperor皇帝Yellow Empero黄帝r hierarchy等级制度taboo禁忌filial duty孝顺annals编年史dynastic history断代史dynasty朝代title片名original version原著National Day国庆节Mid-Autumn Day/Festival中秋节Spring Festival春节Lantern Festival元宵节Children’s Day儿童节Dragon Boat Festival端午节5中国独特的传统饮食wonton馄饨guotie fried jiaozi 锅贴steamed twisted rolls花卷set meal套餐box lunch; Chinese take-away盒饭dialogue对白subtitle字幕take镜头clip片段picture画面speciality / major专业calligraphy书法vbe in rhyme押韵category范畴3名著Outlaws of the Marsh〈水浒传〉The Dream of Red Chamber〈红楼梦〉Three Kingdoms〈三国演义〉The Journey the West〈西游记〉Zhao’s Orphan元曲〈赵氏孤儿〉Chinese Orphan 〈中国孤儿〉伏尔泰The Analects of Confucius〈论语〉The Book of Songs〈诗经〉Mencius 〈孟子〉4中华民族的喜庆节日Women’s Day妇女节Water-Splashing Day泼水节Teachers’Day教师节Youth Day五四青年节rice tofu米豆腐konjak tofu魔芋豆腐rice noodles米粉a stick of sugar-coated haws or apples,etc. 冰糖葫芦6中国新兴事物China Telecom中国电信China Mobile中国移动the 10th Five-Year Plan十五计划Chinanet中国电脑联网the Three Gorges Project三峡工程Project Hope希望工程fried rice noodles炒米粉Fish ball soup鱼丸汤egg & vegetable soup蛋花汤0yster soup牡蛎汤seaweed soup紫菜汤sweet & sour soup酸辣汤wonton soup馄饨汤pork thick soup肉羹汤squid soup鱿鱼汤tomatoes on sticks糖葫芦longevity Peaches长寿桃glutinous rice sesame balls芝麻球hemp flowers麻花plum juice酸梅汁stinky tofu (Smelly tofu) 臭豆腐spicy hot bean curd麻辣豆腐prawn cracker虾片sh7特有的一些汉语词汇Zen Buddhism禅宗dhyana; dhgaya禅chaos混沌Daosim, the way and its power道Four Noble Truth四谛Eightfold Path八正道anity无常Theory of Five Elements五行说anatman无我metta or transcendental meditation 坐禅sunyata空nothingness虚无8国家机关名称National People' s Congress NPC全国人民代表大会Presidium主席团Standing Committee常务委员会General Office办公厅Secretariat秘书处Credentials Committee代表资格审查委员会Motions Examination Committee提案审查委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee民族委员会Law Committee法律委员会Finance and Economy Committee财政经济委员会rimp balls虾球spring rolls春卷paper宣纸yamen衙门kowtow叩头Confucius孔子pailou；pai-loo牌楼wushuChinese Martial Arts武术kungfu；kung fu功夫the way of medium cf. Golden Means 中庸harmony zhonghe 中和to show filial obedience孝顺dutiful son孝子family head家长three cardinal：三纲five constant virtues: 五常guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife 君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲benevolence humanity , righteousness, propriety,wisdom and fidelity 仁、义、理、智、信eight-legged essays八股文raising sons to support one in one’s 养儿防老The more sons/children, the more 多子多福Longxu Ditch龙须沟model opera样板戏The Mine Warfare地雷战Drunkened Concubine贵妃醉酒State Administration for Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine under the General Administration of Customs 国家出入境检验检疫局海关总署9中国传统文化事物Farewell to My Concubine霸王别姬Tears of Huangshan荒山泪Gathering of Heroes群英会East Wind借东风General and Premier Make Up 将相和The Story of Pipa琵琶记Women General of Yang Family 杨门女将Flower Drum Dance凤阳花鼓Home in the Sea大海啊，故乡My Chinese Heart我的中国心Night at the Naval Port军港之夜Winter Fire冬天里的一把火Peony Pavilion牡丹亭Ambush from All Sides 十面埋伏（古曲）Goddess Marriage天仙配Moon and Flower in the Spring River 春江花月夜Lasting Words to Awaken the World 醒世恒言Butterfly Love梁祝（小提琴协奏曲）Ordinary Words to Warn the World 警世通言Clear Words to Illustrate the World 喻世明言Three Volumes of Words，Two Volumes of Slapping“三言”、“二拍”Surprise Stories to Make One Slapthe Desk拍案惊奇A Dream of Red Mansion/Chamber 红楼梦Water Margin水浒Journey to the West西游记Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三国演义Strange Tles from a Scholar's Studio 聊斋志异Palace of Eternal Life长生殿The Peach Blossom Fan桃花扇The Scholars儒林外史Celebrating Mother's Birthday 五女拜寿Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival 清明上河图Peking Opera京剧Yue Opera越剧Chuan Opera川剧The Shop of Lin Family林家铺子Garden of Respose 憩园（巴金作品集）Wild Grass野草（鲁迅作品集）Wandering彷徨（鲁迅作品集）Chinese descent炎黄子孙Old Tales Retold 故事新编（鲁迅作品集）five elements五行Avalokitesvara观音菩萨Boddhisattva菩萨mosque清真寺Taoist道士monk和尚nun尼姑arhat罗汉the God of Wealth财神爷Door Gods门神the Jade Emperor玉皇大帝King of Hell阎王爷Dragon King龙王the Fire God炉火神the King of Medicine药王the Queen Mother of the West 王母娘娘Water Curtain Cave水帘洞the Great Sage Equalling Heaven 齐天大圣Buddhist scriptures佛经Mountain of Flowers and Fruits花果山Handsome Monkey King美猴王golden cudgel金箍棒seventy-two different forms 七十二般变化Patriarch Subhut孙悟空的师父the Protector of the Horses弼马温Great White Planet太白金星Mighty Miracle God巨灵神Prince Ne Zha哪吒三太子the Immortality Peach Garden 蕃桃园Jade Pool瑶池Barefoot Immortal赤脚大仙True Lord Erlangzhenjun二郎真君Eight Trigrams Furnace八卦炉Lord Lao Zi of the Great Monad 太上老君metal金Hall of Miraculous Mist灵霄宝殿Four Heavenly Kings四大天王Five Elements Mountain五行山wood木water水第10/14页fire火earth土Heavenly King with a Pagoda in Hand托塔李天王Dujiang Weir都江堰the Eight Immortals八仙Iron Crutch Li铁拐李Han Zhongli汉钟离Zhang Guolao张果老He Xiangu何仙姑Lan Caihe蓝采和Han Xiangzi韩湘子Cao Guojiu曹国舅Lu Dongbin吕洞宾River Uncle河伯the Thunder God雷公Chang'e嫦娥Local God of the Land土地神Granting Titles to Gods封神榜the Kitchen God灶王爷China Telecom中国电信China Mobile中国移动the 10th Five-Year Plan十五计划Chinanet中国电脑联网the Three Gorges Project三峡工程Project Hope希望工程Beijing CKowloon Railway 京九铁路Anti-Poverty Project扶贫工程Vegetable Basket Project 菜篮子工程Decent-Life Project温饱工程Economy Housing Project安居工程Porn-Purging Campaign扫黄Go-West Campaign西部大开发trigram八卦yin, yang阴、阳Dao(cf. logo) 道the jianghu World (the traits’world) 江湖(世界) Daoism(Taoism) 道excessive internal heat上火Confucianism儒学redology红学(《红楼梦》研究) Shangri-la or Arcadia世外桃源kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world) 开放getting an equal share regardless of the work done大锅饭scar literature or the literature of the wounded伤痕文学no imposing uniformity on 不搞一刀切to shake off poverty; anti-poverty 脱贫to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people 合乎国情，顺乎民意imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge乱摊派，乱收费iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post铁交椅Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline治则兴，乱则衰第11/14页mural壁画Chinese traditional painting国画ink and wash painting水墨画silk painting绢画wooden graving木刻画engraving版画shell carving painting贝雕画new year picture年画pottery ware陶器jade article玉器china ware瓷器celadon青瓷bronze ware青铜器cloisonnéenamel景泰蓝lacquer ware漆器painted pottery彩陶trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty唐三彩ice carving冰雕jade carving玉雕stone carving石雕bones carving骨雕shell carving贝雕wood carving木雕tree root carving根雕porcelain carving瓷器雕ivory carving象牙雕painted sculpture彩塑dough figurine画塑clay figure泥人儿silk fan绢扇sandal wood fan檀香扇folding fan折扇pearl珍珠agate玛瑙coral珊瑚green jade翡翠amber琥珀jade玉embroidery刺绣two-sided embroidery双面秀tapestry挂毯batik蜡染wickerwork藤条制品pure silk真丝cigarette holder烟嘴snuff bottle鼻烟壶seal图章potted landscape盆景screen屏风edans s轿子pinwheel风车acrobatics杂技magic魔术shaking drum拨浪鼓bamboo flute竹苗shadow puppet皮影sugar-molded糖人courtyard homes四合院stilt walk踩高跷martial arts武术rickshaw人力车palace lantern宫灯finger-guessing game猜拳monologue story-telling说书time-honored老字号cross talk相声pay a new year call拜年firecracker爆竹a string of small fire crackers鞭炮year-end household大扫除lantern riddles灯谜第12/14页temple fair庙会new year’s picture年画to hang out new year’s picture 挂年画family reunion dinner on lunar new year 年夜饭to stay awake all night守岁glutinous cake for new year年糕the first day of the first lunar month 大年初一eight-treasure rice pudding八宝饭poetic couplets对联to put up antithetical couplets 贴春联to put up window paper-cuts 糊窗花money given to children as a lunar new year gift压岁钱local opera地方戏theatrical mask戏剧脸谱male characters生female characters旦painted face characters净middle-aged male characters末clown丑gunpowder火药compass指南针paper-making techniques造纸术paper-printing techniques印刷术martial arts武术Qigong 气功to fight a challenge fight in an arena 打擂台to listen to historical or traditionalstoriesto play Chinese chess 下象棋to make special studies of calligraphy 练习书法to do traditional Chinese painting 画国画听评书to inscribe a poem题诗to match an antithetical couplet 求对第13/14页近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译grass-roots supervision基层监督base tariff level基础税率matrimonial agency婚介所extramarital love婚外恋bride photo婚纱摄shoddy cotton黑心棉machine scoring机器阅卷scratch-open ticket/lottery 即开型奖券go all out for economic development 集中精力把经济建设搞上去public price hearings价格听证会temporarily transfer借调Division A Soccer Team甲A球队household management service家政服务ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 加强舆论监督accounting fraud假帐challenge; pick a quarrel叫板use lame arguments矫情gradual Taiwan independence 渐进式台独Raise the proportion of the middle-income group. 扩大中等收入者比重expand domestic demand and consumption扩大内需，刺激消费。