建筑与能源外文原文

高效节能建筑技术的研究与应用（英文中文双语版优质文档）With the development of human society, buildings, as an integral part of human life, consume more and more energy. At the same time, due to the increasingly serious problems of global warming and environmental pollution, energy conservation and emission reduction has become an urgent problem to be solved in the current construction field. To achieve sustainable development, the construction industry must adopt energy-efficient building technologies that minimize energy consumption and pollution. This article will discuss the research and application of energy-efficient building technologies.1. Research and application of building insulation technologyBuilding insulation technology is one of the important means of building energy saving. In winter, building insulation technology can reduce the loss of indoor heat, increase the indoor temperature, and reduce the consumption of heating energy. In summer, building insulation technology can reduce the entry of outdoor heat, lower the indoor temperature, and reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning. The research and application of building insulation technology can be realized by optimizing building materials, designing building structures, and improving the external environment of buildings. For example, the use of thermal insulation materials can improve the thermal insulation performance of buildings, and improving the external environment of buildings can reduce the impact of heat on buildings in summer.2. Research and application of architectural lighting technologyBuilding daylighting technology is another important means of energy saving. By adopting a reasonable lighting system, the use of natural light can be maximized and the use of artificial lighting can be reduced. At the same time, the daylighting system can also improve indoor air quality and increase living comfort. The research and application of architectural lighting technology can be realized by optimizing architectural design, adopting efficient lighting system, and improving the surrounding environment of buildings. For example, in the architectural design process, windows and skylights can be properly arranged to maximize the use of natural light and reduce the use of artificial lighting.3. Research and application of building solar energy utilization technologySolar energy is a clean and renewable energy, and building solar energy utilization technology is one of the important means of building energy conservation. By adopting technologies such as solar panels, solar water heaters, and solar air conditioners, solar energy can be converted into electricity or heat, reducing the dependence of buildings on traditional energy sources. The research and application of building solar energy utilization technology can be realized by optimizing building design, selecting suitable solar energy utilization technology, and improving solar energy utilization efficiency. For example, in architectural design, the orientation and inclination angle of solar panels can be reasonably set to maximize the use of solar energy.4. Research and application of building water-saving technologyBuilding water saving technology is an important part of building energy saving. In modern cities, the problem of water shortage is becoming more and more prominent. Building water-saving technology can reduce the demand for water resources in buildings and protect water resources. The research and application of building water-saving technology can be realized by optimizing building design, adopting water-saving equipment, and improving the surrounding environment of buildings. For example, water-saving devices such as low-flow faucets and water-saving toilets can reduce the building's water demand.5. Research and application of building intelligent technologyBuilding intelligent technology is an emerging field of building energy conservation. By adopting intelligent systems, buildings can realize automatic control, maximize the use of energy and reduce energy waste. The research and application of building intelligent technology can be realized by designing intelligent systems, adopting intelligent equipment, and improving the management of intelligent systems. For example, in the design of intelligent building systems, the automatic control of environmental parameters such as indoor temperature, humidity, and light can be realized to achieve the maximum utilization of energy.6. Research and Application of Building Ecological TechnologyBuilding ecological technology is another important means of building energy saving. By adopting green building materials, building greening, recycling and other technologies, the impact of buildings on the environment can be reduced, and the harmonious coexistence of buildings and the environment can be realized. The research and application of building ecological technology can be realized by choosing green building materials, building greening design, and realizing building recycling. For example, degradable materials can be used in architectural design to realize the recycling of building materials and reduce the impact on the environment.To sum up, the research and application of high-efficiency and energy-saving building technologies is an important direction for future building development. By adopting various means such as energy-saving technology, solar energy utilization technology, water-saving technology, intelligent technology and ecological technology, it is possible to achieve building energy conservation, reduce dependence on traditional energy sources, reduce demand for water resources, maximize energy use, reduce The impact on the environment, to achieve the harmonious coexistence of architecture and the environment. This can not only reduce building operating costs and improve building quality, but also make positive contributions to protecting the environment and promoting sustainable development. Therefore, the research and application of high-efficiency and energy-saving technologies for buildings should be valued and promoted.随着人类社会的发展，建筑作为人类生活中不可或缺的一部分，对于能源的消耗也越来越多。

Increasing an individual’s quality of life via theirintelligent homeThe hypothesis of this project is: can an individual’s quality of life be increased by integrating ‚intelligent technology‛ into their home environment. This hypothesis is very broad, and hence the researchers will investigate it with regard to various, potentially over-lapping, sub-sections of the population. In particular, the project will focus on sub-sections with health-care needs, because it is believed that these sub-sections will receive the greatest benefit from this enhanced approach to housing. Two research questions flow from this hypothesis: what are the health-care issues that could be improved via ‚intelligent housing‛, and what are the technological issues needing to be solved to allow ‚intelligent housing‛ to be constructed? While a small number of initiatives exist, outside Canada, which claim to investigate this area, none has the global vision of this area. Work tends to be in small areas with only a limited idea of how the individual pieces contribute towards a greater goal. This project has a very strong sense of what it is trying to attempt, and believes that without this global direction the other initiatives will fail to address the large important issues described within various parts of this proposal, and that with the correct global direction the sum of the parts will produce much greater rewards than the individual components. This new field has many parallels with the fieldof business process engineering, where many products fail due to only considering a sub-set of the issues, typically the technology subset. Successful projects and implementations only started flow when people started to realize that a holistic approach was essential. This holistic requirement also applies to the field of ‚smart housing‛; if we genuinely want it to have benefit to the community rather than just technological interest. Having said this, much of the work outlined below is extremely important and contains a great deal of novelty within their individual topics.Health-Care and Supportive housing：To date, there has been little coordinated research on how ‚smart house‛ technologies can assist frail seniors in remaining at home, and/or reduce the costs experienced by their informal caregivers. Thus, the purpose of the proposed research is to determine the usefulness of a variety of residential technologies in helping seniors maintain their independence and in helping caregivers sustain their caring activities.The overall design of the research is to focus on two groups of seniors. The first is seniors who are being discharged from an acute care setting with the potential for reduced ability to remain independent. An example is seniors who have had hip replacement surgery. This group may benefit from technologies that would help them become adapted to their reduced mobility. The second is seniors who have a chronic health problem suchas dementia and who are receiving assistance from an informal caregiver living at a distance. Informal caregivers living at a distance from the cared-for senior are at high risk of caregiver burnout. Monitoring the cared-for senior for health and safety is one of the important tasks done by such caregivers. Devices such as floor sensors (to determine whether the senior has fallen) and access controls to ensure safety from intruders or to indicate elopement by a senior with dementia could reduce caregiver time spent commuting to monitor the senior.For both samples, trials would consist of extended periods of residence within the ‘smart house’. Samples of seniors being discharged from acute care would be recruited from acute care hospitals. Samples of seniors being cared for by informal caregivers at a distance could be recruited through dementia diagnosis clinics or through request from caregivers for respite.Limited amounts of clinical and health service research has been conducted upon seniors (with complex health problems) in controlled environments such as that represented by the ‚smart house‛. For example, it is known that night vision of the aged is poor but there is very little information regarding the optimum level of lighting after wakening or for night activities. Falling is a major issue for older persons; and it results in injuries, disabilities and additional health care costs. For those with dementing illnesses, safety is the key issue during performanceof the activities of daily living (ADL). It is vital for us to be able to monitor where patients would fall during ADL. Patients and caregivers activities would be monitored and data will be collected in the following conditions.Projects would concentrate on sub-populations, with a view to collecting scientific data about their conditions and the impact of technology upon their life styles. For example:-Persons with stable chronic disability following a stroke and their caregivers: to research optimum models, types and location of various sensors for such patients (these patients may have neglect, hemiplegia, aphasia and judgment problems); to research pattern of movements during the ambulation, use of wheel chairs or canes on various type of floor material; to research caregivers support through e-health technology; to monitor frequencies and location of the falls; to evaluate the value of smart appliances for stroke patients and caregivers; to evaluate information and communication technology set up for Tele-homecare; to evaluate technology interface for Tele-homecare staff and clients; to evaluate the most effective way of lighting the various part of the house; to modify or develop new technology to enhance comfort and convenience of stroke patients and caregivers; to evaluate the value of surveillance systems in assisting caregivers.- Persons with Alzheimer’s disease and their caregivers: to evaluate theeffect of smart house (unfamiliar environment) on their ability to conduct self-care with and without prompting; to evaluate their ability to use unfamiliar equipment in the smart house; to evaluate and monitor persons with Alzheimer’s disease movement pattern; to evaluate and monitor falls or wandering; to evaluate the type and model of sensors to monitor patients; to evaluate the effect of wall color for patients and care givers; to evaluate the value of proper lighting.Technology - Ubiquitous Computing：The ubiquitous computing infrastructure is viewed as the backbone of the ‚intelligence‛ within the house. In common with all ubiquitous computing systems, the primary components with this system will be: the array of sensors, the communication infrastructure and the software control (based upon software agents) infrastructure. Again, it is considered essential that this topic is investigated holistically. Sensor design: The focus of research here will be development of (micro)-sensors and sensor arrays using smart materials, e.g. piezoelectric materials, magneto strictive materials and shape memory alloys (SMAs). In particular, SMAs are a class of smart materials that are attractive candidates for sensing and actuating applications primarily because of their extraordinarily high work output/volume ratio compared to other smart materials. SMAs undergo a solid-solid phase transformation when subjected to an appropriate regime of mechanical andthermal load, resulting in a macroscopic change in dimensions and shape; this change is recoverable by reversing the thermo mechanical loading and is known as a one-way shape memory effect. Due to this material feature, SMAs can be used as both a sensor and an actuator. A very recent development is an effort to incorporate SMAs in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) so that these materials can be used as integral parts of micro-sensors and actuators.MEMS are an area of activity where some of the technology is mature enough for possible commercial applications to emerge. Some examples are micro-chemical analyzers, humidity and pressure sensors, MEMS for flow control, synthetic jet actuators and optical MEMS (for the next generation internet). Incorporating SMAs in MEMS is a relatively new effort in the research community; to the best of our knowledge, only one group (Prof. Greg Carman, Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles) has successfully demonstrated the dynamic properties of SMA-based MEMS. Here, the focus will be to harness the sensing and actuation capabilities of smart materials to design and fabricate useful and economically viable micro-sensors and actuators.Communications: Construction and use of an ‚intelligent house‛ offers extensive opportunities to analyze and verify the operation of wireless and wired home-based communication services. While some of these are already widely explored, many of the issues have received little or noattention. It is proposed to investigate the following issues:-Measurement of channel statistics in a residential environment: knowledge of the indoor wireless channel statistics is critical for enabling the design of efficient transmitters and receivers, as well as determining appropriate levels of signal power, data transfer rates, modulation techniques, and error control codes for the wireless links.Interference, channel distortion, and spectral limitations that arises as a result of equipment for the disabled (wheelchairs, IV stands, monitoring equipment, etc.) is of particular interest.-Design, analysis, and verification of enhanced antennas for indoor wireless communications. Indoor wireless communications present the need for compact and rugged antennas. New antenna designs, optimized for desired data rates, frequency of operation, and spatial requirements, could be considered.-Verification and analysis of operation of indoor wireless networks: wireless networking standards for home automation have recently been commercialized. Integration of one or more of these systems into the smart house would provide the opportunity to verify the operation of these systems, examine their limitations, and determine whether the standards are over-designed to meet typical requirements.-Determination of effective communications wiring plans for ‚smart homes.‛: there exist performance/cost tradeoffs regarding wired andwireless infrastructure. Measurement and analysis of various wireless network configurations will allow for determination of appropriate network designs.-Consideration of coordinating indoor communication systems with larger-scale communication systems: indoor wireless networks are local to the vicinity of the residence. There exist broader-scale networks, such as the cellular telephone network, fixed wireless networks, and satellite-based communication networks. The viability and usefulness of compatibility between these services for the purposes of health-care monitoring, the tracking of dementia patients, etc needs to be considered.Software Agents and their Engineering: An embedded-agent can be considered the equivalent of supplying a friendly expert with a product. Embedded-agents for Intelligent Buildings pose a number of challenges both at the level of the design methodology as well as the resulting detailed implementation. Projects in this area will include：-Architectures for large-scale agent systems for human inhabited environment: successful deployment of agent technology in residential/extended care environments requires the design of new architectures for these systems. A suitable architecture should be simple and flexible to provide efficient agent operation in real time.At the same time, it should be hierarchical and rigid to allowenforcement of rules and restrictions ensuring safety of the inhabitants of the building system. These contradictory requirements have to be resolved by designing a new architecture that will be shared by all agents in the system.-Robust Decision and Control Structures for Learning Agents: to achieve life-long learning abilities, the agents need to be equipped with powerful mechanisms for learning and adaptation. Isolated use of some traditional learning systems is not possible due to high-expected lifespan of these agents. We intend to develop hybrid learning systems combining several learning and representation techniques in an emergent fashion. Such systems will apply different approaches based on their own maturity and on the amount of change necessary to adapt to a new situation or learn new behaviors. To cope with high levels of non-determinism (from such sources as interaction with unpredictable human users), robust behaviors will be designed and implemented capable of dealing with different types of uncertainty(e.g. probabilistic and fuzzy uncertainty) using advanced techniquesfor sensory and data fusion, and inference mechanisms based on techniques of computational intelligence.-Automatic modeling of real-world objects, including individual householders: The problems here are: ‚the locating and extracting‛of information essential for representation of personality and habitsof an individual; development of systems that ‚follow and adopt to‛individual’s mood and behavior. The solutions, based on data mining and evolutionary techniques, will utilize: (1) clustering methods, classification tress and association discovery techniques for the classification and partition of important relationships among different attributes for various features belonging to an individual, this is an essential element in finding behavioral patterns of an individual; and (2) neuro-fuzzy and rule-based systems with learning and adaptation capabilities used to develop models of an individual’s characteristics, this is essential for estimation and prediction of potential activities and forward planning.-Investigation of framework characteristics for ubiquitous computing: Consider distributed and internet-based systems, which perhaps have the most in common with ubiquitous computing, here again, the largest impact is not from specific software engineering processes, but is from available software frameworks or ‘toolkits’, which allow the rapid construction and deployment of many of the systems in these areas.Hence, it is proposed that the construction of the ubiquitous computing infrastructure for the ‚smart house‛ should also be utilized as a software engineering study. Researchers would start by visiting the few genuine ubiquitous computing systems in existence today, to try to build up an initial picture of the functionality of the framework.(This approach has obviously parallels with the approach of Gamma, Helm, Johnson and Vlissides deployed for their groundbreaking work on ‚design patterns‛. Unfortunately, in comparison to their work, the sample size here will be extremely small, and hence, additional work will be required to produce reliable answers.) This initial framework will subsequently be used as the basis of the smart house’s software system. Undoubtedly, this initial framework will substantially evolve during the construction of the system, as the requirements of ubiquitous computing environment unfold. It is believed that such close involvement in the construction of a system is a necessary component in producing a truly useful and reliable artifact. By the end of the construction phase, it is expected to produce a stable framework, which can demonstrate that a large number of essential characteristics (or patterns) have been found for ubiquitous computing.-Validation and Verification (V&V) issues for ubiquitous computing: it is hoped that the house will provide a test-bed for investigating validation and verification (V&V) issues for ubiquitous computing. The house will be used as an assessment vehicle to determine which, if any, V&V techniques, tools or approaches are useful within this environment.Further, it is planned to make this trial facility available to researchers worldwide to increase the use of this vehicle. In thelong-term, it is expected that the facilities offered by this infrastructure will evolve into an internationally recognized ‚benchmarking‛ site for V&V activities in ubiquitous computing. Other technological areas：The project also plans to investigate a number of additional areas, such as lighting systems, security systems, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, etc. For example, with regard to energy efficiency, the project currently anticipates undertaking two studies:-The Determination of the effectiveness of insulating shutters: Exterior insulating shutters over time are not effective because of sealing problems. Interior shutters are superior and could be used to help reduce heat losses. However, their movement and positioning needs appropriate control to prevent window breakage due to thermal shock. The initiation of an opening or closing cycle would be based on measured exterior light levels; current internal heating levels;current and expected use of the house by the current inhabitants, etc. - A comparison of energy generation alternatives: The energy use patterns can easily be monitored by instrumenting each appliance.Natural gas and electricity are natural choices for the main energy supply. The conversion of the chemical energy in the fuel to heat space and warm water can be done by conventional means or by use ofa total energy system such as a Volvo Penta system. With this system,the fuel is used to power a small internal combustion engine, which in turn drives a generator for electrical energy production. Waste heat from the coolant and the exhaust are used to heat water for domestic use and space heating. Excess electricity is fed back into the power grid or stored in batteries. At a future date, it is planned to substitute a fuel cell for the total energy system allowing for a direct comparison of the performance of two advanced systems.。

Energy and the Tall Build The tall building is emblematic of the modern city. Tall buildings are symbolic; they are iconic celebrations of achievement for corporations , cities and entire nations. The tall building typology has reached a scale of enormity and diversity of use .Functionally, the tall building responds to variable conditions as a result of our rapidly changing world market economy. Infrastructure must support a scalable reconfigurable workplace that facilitates expanding information and communication networks and must be designed to perform at optimum impact on the environment.Buildings today consume far more resources than nature can sustain, causing an extreme imbalance in our natural ecosystems Sustainable design in architecture balances the ebbs and flows of natural ecosystems with economic and social mechanisms , so that what a building consumes in resources is balanced with the resources’ability to recover ,leaving ample reserve for the needs of future generations.Globally, total energy demand is set to increase by 62% by the year of 2030 as rapid economic growth continues to expand the urban boundaries of cities around the world CO2 and smog-causing emissions from fossil fuel-based energy consumptionThreaten the health of our cities and feed the intensifying environmental devastation caused by global warming .Neutralizing the harmful effects of such energy use and transitioning towards a low carbon economy appears to be a daunting task. The issue is economically sensitive and of an enormous scale that crosses international boarders .As architects can we really have a positive impact on this complex issue and help transit the world to a low carbon economy .？The building industry represents 10% of the world economy. Huge amounts of resources are consumed by the building industry: 17% of potable water, 25% of timber, and 50%of total global CO2 emissions, the most of anysector. This is where architects have a great opportunity. This is where architects have a great opportunity:Architects have a great opportunity: architects can control and reduce building energy consumption by design .The issues ranging from how we commute to work to the kind of light bulb we turn on when we arrive home from work.The Central plant and Mixed UseStandard energy delivery systems have become antiquated and grossly inefficient Conventional thermoelectric stations convert only about 30% of the fuel energy into electricity. The remaining 70% is lost into electricity. The remaining 70 % is lost in the form of waste heat. Moving energy production to a central plant within the building stars to reduce these inefficiencies. Adding tri-generation technology that provides simultaneous production of power heat and cooling from a single energy source yields additional savings .waste heat from energy production is recover and used for free domestic hot water and space heating ,or in warmer climates waste heat can be run through heat absorption chillers for supplemental cooling. Maximum reuse of waste energy depends on the building use.The typical tall building often function as a mono-use tower for either commercial or residential use. The single use typology has been driven for the most part by zoning and floor plates size requirements. Office floor plates are very deep to maximize structural efficiency while residential floor plates are shallower to allow for ample access to fresh air, daylight and views. With the new generation of super tower,We are now seeing multi-use programs with combined commercial office and residential components. The bottom third may contain offices, followed by condominiums, then topped with a hotel. While this can be a design challenge, the energy use profile of the mixed use tower yields great potential for energy sharing.Design processThe environmental impact of building is a global problem that must be addressed regionally. Unique climatic, social and economic conditions and their potential impact on a project must be carefully analyzed for unique design opportunities. For example, the arid climate of Spain is ideal for passive ventilation and cooling systems, while the pervasive humidity of Hong Kong may prove a technical challenge for such a strategy.At the design phase, the energy performance of a project must be approached intelligently and holistically. There is no single universal solution, and every project is unique. An integrated multidisciplinary approach that views the building as a system made up of interdependent architectural and engineering component yields higher performance and optimizes the management of energy and resources. In looking at the energy use profile of a typical office building, lighting, heating and cooling represent 2/3 of the total load. Targeting reductions in these categories yield the most value. However, indoor environmental quality for the occupant has a direct relationship to these loads, and occupant comfort must be not be compromised.Typical Building energy Use ProfileThe value of technology is often measured in terms of a cost benefit analysis, or payback period. As the payback extends for a specific design strategy these is less financial incentive for applying the technology. In regions where energy costs are low,Extended payback periods remain an obstacle to investing in many high performance system. However, there are several low tech/low cost strategies that can have significant impact on a building’s energy performance. Building form , orientation, and fenestration are component of every building. Proper building’ orientatio n alone can reduce a building’s cooling loads by 5%. Proper fenestration and shading can help protect a structure from unwanted heat gain caused by direct solar exposure during cold months .Well designed fenestration can also maximize daylight penetration and reduce use of artificial lighting.能源与高层建筑高层建筑是现代城市的象征。

建筑环境与能源应用英语Building Environment and Energy ApplicationsIntroduction:The integration of building environment and energy applications has become increasingly important in the field of architecture and construction. The design and operation of buildings have a significant impact on energy consumption and environmental sustainability. In this article, we will explore the various aspects of building environment and energy applications and discuss their significance and potential solutions.Sustainable Building Design:Sustainable building design aims to minimize the negative impact on the environment by optimizing energy efficiency and reducing resource consumption. This can be achieved through various strategies such as passive design, energy-efficient systems, and the use of renewable energy sources. Passive design techniques involve maximizing natural lighting, utilizing natural ventilation, and optimizing building orientation to reduce the need for artificial lighting and cooling/heating systems.Energy-Efficient Systems:Energy-efficient systems play a crucial role in reducing energy consumption in buildings. These systems include lighting, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The use of energy-efficient lighting fixtures, such as LED bulbs, can significantly reduce electricity consumption. HVAC systems can be optimized by using programmable thermostats, efficient equipment, and regular maintenance to ensure optimal performance. Additionally, advanced building automation systems can help monitor and control energy usage, further enhancing energy efficiency. Renewable Energy Integration:Integrating renewable energy sources into buildings is a key aspect of sustainable design. Solar panels can be installed on rooftops to harness solar energy, which can be used to power various building operations. Wind turbines can also be installed in suitable locations to generate electricity. By utilizing renewable energy sources, buildings can reduce reliance on fossil fuels and contribute to a greener and more sustainable future.Smart Grid and Energy Management:The implementation of a smart grid system can greatly enhance the energy management of buildings. Smart grids enable real-time monitoring and control of energy consumption, allowing for efficient energy distribution and load balancing. This technology can help optimize energy usage, reduce peak demand, and enable better integration of renewable energy sources. Additionally, energy management systems can provide valuable insights into building energy performance, enabling proactive measures to improve efficiency and reduce costs.Green Building Certifications:Green building certifications, such as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), provide a standardized framework for evaluating and recognizing sustainable building practices. These certifications assess various aspects of building design and operation, including energy efficiency, water conservation, indoor air quality, and the use of environmentally friendly materials. Achieving green building certifications not only demonstrates a commitment to sustainability but also enhances the market value and desirability of the building.Conclusion:Building environment and energy applications are essential for creating sustainable and energy-efficient buildings. By incorporating sustainable design principles, energy-efficient systems, renewable energy integration, smart grid technology, and seeking green building certifications, we can significantly reduce the environmental impact of buildings and promote a more sustainable future. It is crucial for architects, engineers, and policymakers to collaborate and prioritize these applications to ensure a greener and more energy-efficient built environment.。

建筑环境与能源应用工程英语英文回答：Building Environment and Energy Application Engineering is a multidisciplinary field that encompasses the design, construction, and operation of buildings with a focus on energy efficiency and sustainability. It combinesprinciples from architecture, engineering, and environmental science to create buildings that are comfortable, healthy, and environmentally responsible. Building Environment and Energy Application Engineering professionals work on a wide range of projects, from small-scale residential homes to large-scale commercial and industrial buildings. They are responsible for designing and implementing systems that control the indoor environment, including heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting, and acoustics. They also work to reduce energy consumption and emissions, and to improve the overall sustainability of buildings.Building Environment and Energy Application Engineering is a growing field due to the increasing demand for energy-efficient and sustainable buildings. Building professionals who are trained in this field are in high demand, and they have the opportunity to work on a wide range of projects that make a real difference in the world.Here are some of the key challenges facing Building Environment and Energy Application Engineers:Designing buildings that are energy-efficient and sustainable.Reducing energy consumption and emissions.Improving occupant comfort and health.Creating buildings that are resilient to climate change.Developing new technologies and materials for building construction.Building Environment and Energy Application Engineers are working to meet these challenges by developing new and innovative solutions. They are also working to educate building professionals about the importance of energy efficiency and sustainability.中文回答：建筑环境与能源应用工程是一个多学科领域，涵盖了建筑物的规划、建造和运行，重点是能源效率和可持续性。

建筑节能技术的推广与应用（英文中文双语版优质文档）With the continuous aggravation of global climate change, energy and environmental issues have become the focus of attention. The construction industry is a major industry that consumes global energy. How to reduce building energy consumption and impact on the environment has become a key issue facing the global construction industry. In this context, building energy-saving technology has been widely concerned and applied.1. The development history of building energy-saving technologyThe development of building energy-saving technology can be traced back to the 1970s, when, due to the impact of the energy crisis, people began to pay attention to energy-saving issues. Since then, building energy-saving technology has gradually developed, and after decades of development, important progress has been made. The development of building energy-saving technology can be divided into the following stages:1. The first stage: 1970s to 1980sFrom the 1970s to the 1980s, people began to pay attention to building energy conservation. The main energy-saving measures adopted included adding heat insulation layers, installing energy-saving glass, and adopting energy-saving lamps.2. The second stage: 1990s to 2000sFrom the 1990s to the 2000s, building energy efficiency technologies were further developed. In addition to adopting traditional energy-saving measures such as heat insulation and lighting, advanced building energy-saving technologies such as solar energy and ground-source heat pumps have also been introduced.3. The third stage: the 21st centurySince the 21st century, building energy-saving technologies have been further developed and promoted. Governments and enterprises of various countries have begun to adopt more advanced technologies to improve building energy-saving levels, such as the use of high-efficiency heat insulation materials and building integration technologies.2. Application of building energy-saving technologyBuilding energy-saving technologies have been widely used around the world. Some typical cases are listed below.1. Nordic countriesThe Nordic countries are one of the regions in the world where building energy-saving technologies are widely used. The governments of these countries have very strict requirements on building energy saving, so building energy saving technologies have been widely used in these countries. For example, in countries such as Denmark and Sweden, the government encourages the use of renewable energy and low-carbon materials in the construction industry, while also setting strict energy consumption standards and building codes. These measures promote the sustainable development of the construction industry and at the same time contribute to environmental protection.2. ChinaChina is a big country in the global construction industry, and building energy-saving technologies have been widely used in China. For example, in big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, the government has implemented building energy conservation standards, requiring new buildings to meet certain energy consumption standards. At the same time, China is also promoting new building energy-saving materials and technologies, such as the use of new heat insulation materials and integrated building design, to improve the level of building energy conservation.3. United StatesThe United States is also one of the important application countries of building energy-saving technology. The US government has invested a lot of money and manpower in the promotion of energy-saving technologies, for example, by formulating energy consumption standards and tax incentives to encourage enterprises to adopt energy-saving technologies. In addition, the United States is also researching and developing new building energy-saving technologies, such as using renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy.3. Future development of building energy-saving technologyBuilding energy-saving technology will face some challenges and opportunities in the future development.1. ChallengeThe main challenges facing building energy efficiency technologies include:(1) Cost issue: At present, many building energy-saving technologies have relatively high costs, and long-term investment is required to obtain returns.(2) Technical issues: Some new building energy-saving technologies are still in the research and development and testing stage, and need to be further improved and promoted.(3) Awareness problem: In some areas, people's awareness of building energy conservation is not strong enough, and publicity and education need to be strengthened.2. OpportunitiesThe future development of building energy-saving technology also faces some opportunities:(1) Policy support: Governments of various countries have higher and higher requirements for building energy efficiency, and policy support has become more and more powerful.(2) Technological progress: new building energy-saving technologies are constantly emerging, and it is expected to achieve more efficient and economical energy-saving effects in the future.(3) Market demand: With the improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, the market demand for building energy-saving technologies will gradually increase.Generally speaking, building energy-saving technology will face challenges and opportunities in the future development. It requires the joint efforts of the government, enterprises and all parties in society to promote the development of building energy-saving technology and promote the sustainable development of the building industry and environmental protection.随着全球气候变化的不断加剧，能源和环境问题成为了人们关注的焦点。

建筑环境与能源应用工程文献英文Building Environment and Energy Application Engineering LiteratureBuilding environment and energy application engineering is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on creating comfortable and sustainable indoor environments while minimizing energy consumption. As such, it is of critical importance in today's world, where environmental concerns are at the forefront of public consciousness. In this article, we will explore the literature that guides this crucial field.Step 1: The Basics of Building Environment and Energy Application EngineeringAt its core, building environment and energy application engineering involves understanding the principles of heat transfer, thermodynamics, and fluid mechanics to optimize the performance of the built environment. These principles are explored in depth in seminal works like “The HVAC Handbook” by Robert Rosaler and “Energy Management Handbook” by Wayne C. Turner, which provide guidance on how to design and operate air conditioning, heating, and ventilation systems.Step 2: Sustainable Building DesignSustainable building design is a crucial component of building environment and energy application engineering. Understanding how to design buildings that minimize their carbon footprint is essential. One influential work in this area is “The Green Building Revolution” by Jerry Yudelson, which explores the principles behind sustainable building design and offers practical advice on how to integrate theseprinciples into the design process.Step 3: Energy Modeling and AnalysisEnergy modeling and analysis is another key aspect of building environment and energy application engineering. Detailed modeling of building systems allows designers to optimize energy performance and identify opportunities for energy savings. One influential work in this area is “ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals” by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, which provides a comprehensive overview of energy modeling techniques.Step 4: Energy Efficient Operation and MaintenanceFinally, energy efficient operation and maintenance are essential to the ongoing sustainability of building environments. Best practices in this area are explored in works like “Energy Efficiency for Building Operato rs and Managers” by Barry J. Abramson, which provides practical guidance on optimizing the operation of building systems to minimize energy consumption and extend the life of equipment.In conclusion, building environment and energy application engineering literature is diverse and multifaceted. From the basic principles of heat transfer to the design of sustainable buildings and the optimization of building systems, this literature serves as a critical guide to ensuring the comfort and energy efficiency of the built environment.。

建筑节能技术与应用（英文中文双语版优质文档）As the impact of global climate change becomes more and more obvious, the issue of energy conservation in the building industry is also becoming more prominent. Building energy efficiency can not only reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, but also reduce building operating costs, while improving indoor comfort and indoor air quality. Therefore, building energy efficiency has become an issue that cannot be ignored in the global construction industry. This article will introduce some common building energy-saving technologies and applications.1. Passive building energy saving technologytechnology that uses the characteristics of the building itself to reduce energy consumption. For example, when designing a building, energy savings can be achieved by choosing the proper orientation and setting the appropriate size and location of windows to maximize the use of natural light and natural ventilation. In addition, thermal insulation materials can also be used to insulate and keep warm to prevent the exchange of hot and cold air, thereby reducing the heat exchange between indoors and outdoors. The advantage of passive building energy-saving technology is that it does not require additional energy consumption, and at the same time it can improve the comfort and indoor air quality of the building.2. Active building energy-saving technologyexternal energy or equipment to achieve energy-saving purposes. For example, solar panels on the exterior of buildings can generate electricity by absorbing sunlight, reducing reliance on conventional electricity. The intelligent control system can also automatically adjust air conditioning and lighting by monitoring data such as indoor temperature and humidity to minimize energy consumption. In addition, equipment such as efficient mechanical ventilation systems and solar water heaters can also significantly reduce energy consumption.3. Application of Renewable Energy in Building Energy ConservationThe application of renewable energy is one of the important means of building energy conservation. Solar energy, wind energy, and water energy are all common renewable energy sources, and their application in building energy efficiency is also becoming more and more popular. Solar photovoltaic panels can make buildings self-sufficient in energy supply by converting sunlight into electricity. Wind energy can be generated by installing wind turbines to power buildings. Water energy can be converted into energy by using hydroelectric generators. The application of renewable energy can not only reduce energy consumption, but also reduce dependence on traditional energy sources, while reducing carbon dioxide emissions and reducing the impact on the environment.4. Practical application of building energy savingThe building energy-saving technologies introduced above are carried out at the theoretical level, but in fact, these technologies need to be effectively applied in the whole process of building design, construction and operation in order to really play a role. Therefore, it is necessary to cooperate with various aspects such as architectural designers, construction personnel, owners and operators to ensure the practical application effect of building energy-saving technology.In the architectural design stage, factors such as the orientation of the building, the insulation of the building's exterior walls, the location and size of windows and doors should be considered. At the same time, efficient building materials and construction techniques should be adopted to achieve energy-saving effects. During the construction phase, it is necessary to ensure that energy-saving measures such as thermal insulation and insulation will not be damaged during construction. In the building operation stage, it is necessary to make reasonable use of the intelligent control system to adjust the indoor environment, and at the same time maintain the equipment regularly to ensure the normal operation of the equipment.5. The Prospect of Building Energy ConservationWith the increasingly serious environmental problems, building energy conservation has become a problem that cannot be ignored in the global construction industry. In the future, building energy-saving technologies will be more widely used, and will continue to be innovated and improved. For example, new building materials, more efficient energy utilization and intelligent control systems will become important directions for building energy conservation. At the same time, the government and society will pay more and more attention to the issue of building energy conservation, and increase support and promotion of building energy conservation technologies.In short, building energy efficiency has become an important topic in the global construction industry. The application of passive building energy saving technology, active building energy saving technology and renewable energy is an important means to achieve building energy saving. In the future, building energy-saving technologies will continue to be innovated and improved. At the same time, cooperation between architectural designers, construction personnel, owners and operators is required to ensure the actual application effect of building energy-saving technologies.随着全球气候变化的影响越来越明显，建筑行业的节能问题也愈发凸显。

能源与建筑——建筑节能姓名：（城市规划2009045班 200904531）摘要：能源与我们的生活息息相关，对于建筑也是，建筑是一个有生命的有机生物。

本文首先分析了中国的能源现状和中国建筑耗能情况，用具体数据证明了建筑节能的必要性，提出了节能建筑设计方法极其技术措施，从而让建筑节能更加广泛的应用。

关键词：中国的能源建筑耗能节能建筑设计方法建筑节能就在身边Energy and building ——the Architectural Energy SavingHou Jia-wen(Urban Planning Class of 2009045 200904531)Abstract: Energy is closely related to our lives, the building is also. Building a life organisms. This paper first analyzes the energy situation of China and China building energy consumption, specific data to prove the necessity of building energy efficiency, energy efficient building design method is extremely technical measures, so the more widely used building energy efficiency. Keywords: building energy efficiency of China's energy construction energy consumption and energy efficient building design methods on the side.一、中国的能源说起能源，总能想起对于中国能源现状的经典评价：1、能源资源总量比较丰富。